114 20 4487 https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Madison_County_SNP_Records_Court_Proceedings/mcsnp_yearwood-joseph-tract-218.pdf 74d7028cbc9c8e920bdd4916dcb58cb3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Madison County SNP Records: Court Proceedings Description An account of the resource The first series in the Madison County SNP Records collection consists of 363 files related to the court proceedings from The State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia v. D.F. Anderson and Others, and Fifty-Five Thousand Acres of Land, More or Less, in Madison County, Virginia. This was a court case initiated by the state of Virginia in order to acquire privately held land located within the boundary of Madison County in the northern Blue Ridge Mountains. Within the boundaries of eight counties, the state of Virginia, in collaboration with the Federal government, used eminent domain condemnation, a process that involves the seizure of an individual's private property for public use, without the owner’s consent, but with payment of compensation to create the Shenandoah National Park. The documents in this collection are the legal proceedings for each individual tract of land that made up the one court case. In most cases, the individual case files consist of property surveys, assessments for the value of the land and improvements, and claims by the owner of the property. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Madison County Circuit Courthouse Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930-1934 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yearwood, Joseph Description An account of the resource <p><strong>Tract(s):</strong> 218</p> <p><strong>Items in Land File:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Claimant Worksheet</li> <li>Tract Assessment</li> </ul> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Madison County Circuit Courthouse Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License</a>. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Tract 218 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MCSNP_Yearwood-Joseph-tract-218 Yearwood https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Madison_County_SNP_Records_Court_Proceedings/mcsnp_yowell-judie-mrs-tract-78.pdf 27e28e4722c13b832d94d3935f9383f0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Madison County SNP Records: Court Proceedings Description An account of the resource The first series in the Madison County SNP Records collection consists of 363 files related to the court proceedings from The State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia v. D.F. Anderson and Others, and Fifty-Five Thousand Acres of Land, More or Less, in Madison County, Virginia. This was a court case initiated by the state of Virginia in order to acquire privately held land located within the boundary of Madison County in the northern Blue Ridge Mountains. Within the boundaries of eight counties, the state of Virginia, in collaboration with the Federal government, used eminent domain condemnation, a process that involves the seizure of an individual's private property for public use, without the owner’s consent, but with payment of compensation to create the Shenandoah National Park. The documents in this collection are the legal proceedings for each individual tract of land that made up the one court case. In most cases, the individual case files consist of property surveys, assessments for the value of the land and improvements, and claims by the owner of the property. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Madison County Circuit Courthouse Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930-1934 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yowell, Judie Mrs. Description An account of the resource <p><strong>Tract(s):</strong> 78</p> <p><strong>Items in Land File:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Claimant Worksheet</li> <li>Tract Assessment</li> <li>Owner Claim</li> </ul> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Madison County Circuit Courthouse Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License</a>. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Tract 78 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MCSNP_Yowell-Judie-Mrs-tract-78 Yowell https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_005_123-commonwealth-v-daniel-odonnell.pdf 961d2bf56a9ccffbb5f689ae0ceb272f PDF Text Text ��HON. S. H. LETCHER. LEXINGTON, D. H. LEE J. JUDGE, S. MESSERLEY, GEORGE w. HESS, C.H. BRUNK, VlRGIN"IA. MARTZ, CLERK. IN } DEl'l:TIES. T::S:E CIRCUIT COURT -OF- ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, VIRGINIA . .rA.~ ......................... Tenn,IJ~ {:)F COSTS. ST A TEMENT /4~ ... ~.~: ~ ' ~s. ................. .. . ...... ~.. - ..................................... Plaz'ntijfs, .......................................... Defendants. ~ ~ ~L,e- .4ttorney~,.,'-4,.~ ~~, ;pi,~··· .. 1 Cz"rcuz"tClerk, ; ... : 1 ··· /4 ....<l.~. r. ... cr.!?. ��us d 2.n th · n i ....trr... nt, in t.hir~ ... '8 ar, .i.n t e l ·7 ur. ier ··•11ich ~ CC:Rle �,·" '. I �• • T ... . III. The jury aTP i 1 thP PVi,,e-r;.cn tl 8.t ,T. F. the DPfendant, the PVide!1ce, by said the fi:1rl_ the su~ri the ngel:t time Daniel Sherr2.~<':l di_, O ':ronr Pll, o 'lJon. ell, of' the ~rt:,, k11P · of' the ~ale. to pe:i--son, DPfendant DPfeno ,.,nt rot o~ thP ii: guilty, intoxiratP r:1ay l)eliAVP P-v0n thot 1 g:1 they t 1at ":.'1P. s::ile thereof Daniel absence t:1at structPr' o the ... t t ·my furt 110 ri th 0ut 1 evP - tho'J.gh his con0 it ion ,Jf r-1ay believe Rairl made aeent, they , f'rou was not k1,ov:ler1ge, t::iey 90 believe 11P:r ,,as l.tar1.e b his . ay n::w of S~Prrarr'l said but 26t'." f'rorr. in ::.llS t that S ery,r-..,..nat ��r • ... . . TV. T te that jury 8.TP- ,r. rr. Sherrard, l).'J::".'rooa :.:t tw i11.:_ o-r t 1e ::air, reaGo liquor, n10r. ~ .,,·)lP cte,1 t!l::tt, instr· at thP time r'l O"bt, that _ust at believe, t ie he "ras in a co,1di tion, of enth ' e l)!:'ocured of thA DefPnd8nt, they sinsu, :frenzy, in order th'lt intoxicating t1R.s intoxioatPn., fro,·1 the thAy r,ir.iy fi1.,d within Pvirler..ce, ti ~-1ehe so proc 1 1rPd such r ·_1f' to trie !)!'evious or Hrnnress. liquor use or in a Rt ate the he,rond mennevPr:r intoxicat of such o-f deliri irg liurn. �.. �f • ... o/ v. Triev jury a:re ins N. 81rn:rraro J. the evidP11cn o 'Do1.ne1:.., evirlPnce, use ras vras~ ~t the to h, ve been the in every a st-:.te of' nis ,-.0•1trol his in order time he proc.ured go tt0.1 by him in ·physical a~ibt, or some:tkiNg of st :por or or mentality, that they the liquor, the ust reasonn~iA SIJiri ts, control that Def'en<i.a.nt, bevond of' a~dent ard ructPd ~;,~-zz:;1- o por1r.>rs. ot sirnilnr s:·ch that, ,-:ay f'ird that shown in rrn.r room of Da' .i0l believe :frorn the o riTg to the bevPrai:_ve, thn exC'ite1.1Pnt P previous !3.irl S'-.e:r- as to·have to ,rnve bee1 re--- sonably alJle lost to �', ~ , f .. t 'it~' �r. The j·_n'Y innocent be~rond until evPry .".11"P instructed. and unless :re son blP. that the hj s :..'.-:tilt, is Defendant is pres· 0st~blis1wr'l by me"' to the Je evin rncP a.~·bt. J ,--. '\ - /, a h 0 :; J, I; ~ /h I n ?,/4 " V)-,1 c/y ~vL(i .... ~ A.t ' w,.,I d,. c. ~ ,t ( i C,.,« ·\.,-1IZ, ) 1r- �.. �r • ... ' IIf ThP jury are instructrd evPn t110-__1gl1thPY r:ay believe th8.t the Pvi..-1er C'E' that thP nefendant, t•1A Gr3.ir'l Sherr:J.rd 7as, at the time of sue:: . st find the c-ono i tio les8 1 they , yet th'lt r·lr°V!':,!' t11ey believe ~4 sucn sale, intoxi0"t tl1P Pel. r,Pfen-i.::1;1t O'Donnell, .l\••••ll RA.le, 'efenda1 .,,..:romthc> PVidence ~ did, on t ,P 26th in aa r ::L'. i, 1 toxicn.ted t not guilty, tr. !'.>t, 11. knew· that said f'rom :-,t the u11- time SDer:"'~~_rni;rns of �'.,_ • V �• • f ... .· e Jury t "r. I,. 8 \ :rrac\ 1)ur o r-ro , purch h rr ¾ J' ll , J. . fl : · 1• • '-4---hw. fro,.. ,• · r1a1d 'n n ell 10n 1. "'· 01. s d ,,,,. ~ th. f iP.d. t.1 fir.e not le s .. >0.00 ,or :-r.o e h 1~ .,,100.00. o.f ��f3 �. ,. s '. I r ' • ... ' t ' ... -. ., ,r �r .' ' • �, ..• , ~ ; • 'l ) .. �• ' T ) ,'", 1. Commonwealth of Virginia, COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit: IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAID COUNTY: The jurors of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and now .attending the said Comt at its .......... npon theac oaths present that in and for the bocly of the County of Rockingham, ~ .......................... 0, tern,, in the yeac 190 .. ;;ci· ...... ....................... l~).. 1 .. ................................................... .. . . . ~. ciJurnv~.. ... . /· ····••·t against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Upon the evidence of.. ..................................................................................................... . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .witness ... sworn in open Court and sent to the Grand Jury to give evidence. . .................................................................... Clerk. �• f • \ I I - ~ ~ 1- ... . ~I -------,.__ ~ , . (') 0 (::-,! c., . )> -I ::0 C Ill ~ (D f~ ..~: : ~ . .~ :G~: • _:~O I .. ,.... ' ~ ~ ~ - ~ (5 ,-+- ~ 3: 2 ~ r - :i 2 l:T1 r 3 3 0 ::r • �r • Commonwealth of Virginia, COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit: IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAi D COUNTY: The jurors of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in and for the booy of the County of Rockingham, and nnw attending the said Cnn,t at its ..... ?.!J..~······························· upon their oaths present that ..................... ...........J~u~ ·~· against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth . .tenn, in the yea. 190 .. { ....................................................................... . ..~ ... . of Virginia. Upon the evidence of .................................................................................................... . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. witness ... sworn in open Court and sent to the Grand Jury to give evidence. . .................................................................... Clerk. �• r • .' ' ... ' ....,.--- r, .. ~ ~ r ~ --. • ,'. 0¾~ ) --- - - ---- �.' ". . . ... ' . . . ' . . . . ~-- (. . . ' ·-:'·'; \ �'' •' �After 5 days, return to W .ALTON & WALTON, Lock Box 338, WOODSTOCK, VA. Ool.D.H.Lee Martz, Harrisonburg, Va. �I , II J ��.. ~--. ~~ '--::. ~ .l ' ~-"· (~ ~ f ·) _., .{\,\\ ... ' '> ,. t' �, ♦ VIRGINIA: £k cf'n ~uae Uerte~ lk Daniel ~Qu,t/ ~ O#c4 @!~Mne ~ September 15tbriay O'Donnell lk ~~ Pn A'ed/al de ~@f/aun~ ~Qu,t/ Tuesday, <J.n / ,l.9tJ8. - - - - - - - - - - - - -Plaintiff in Error against Commonwealth of Virginia - - - - Upon a writ of error of the Circuit on the This as the and the court that for there rea.sons recoY'3r and also its the of the Plaintiff costs in this Yrt1ich is of Rockingham same be ordered the Plaintiff considered said of the the in E1·ror vri th the Therefore Thirty is the it Defendant Dollars of record, is in Dama5 es expended. to be certified to the County. A Co:py, /?',,f Teste: ~• ,,, said ~7 Def~nde.nt in Error's costs in tho Supreme Co1...rt of A~pea.ls; Attorney's fee ---$20.00 Testa: of the of couns~l, and filed and that by Commonwealth, transcript ju:l,rrment. affirmed behalf rendered in Error and are;u."'!lents in writing in the to a judgment 1908. on beh~lf aforesaid no error that as well General stated in Error of Rockingha..>r1 County, day of June, maturely ju:lgment is considered Error having of the opinion, Attorney end. supersedeas Court day came again counsel record 27th Defendant / ~~o/~ Circuit Court ~ �Daniel O'Donnell v. Cornmonwea.lth Copy of .Judgment of Court of Appeals. ,,.--· ~ ~ -♦ , . .- �r • 3(nottt nil Jltcn by tftcsc tl-rcscntst THAT WE <lJ~ ..... &..1/!J~... ~.~ ..!t:L...ffJ~ ........................ . .............................................................................................. 3-J ...... _....................................... . are !teld and firmly bound unto t!te Commonwealt!t of Virginia, in tlie sum ~~~ ................................. . of........... ............................................... DOLLARS, a/F... .............. . to t!te true payment of wlticli, well and truly to be made, we bind ourselves, our !teirs, executors and administrators, jointly and 0 ,,v,rally, jirndy by ti"" pmmt,, I90.g: .., and in tlie J ..3. ..~ ..year uatd w;,J, aur ual,, and dated th, . ... 12r.7K ...... .... day of t!te Commonwealt!t, and we, and eacli of us !tereby waive t!te benl!fit of t!te .riomestead ex- emption as to Liteobligation of t!tis bond, also any claim or rigltt to disc!targe any liability Lo t!te Commonwealt!t arising under said bond or by virtue of said cjjice, post, or trust, wit!t Coupons detac!tedfrom bonds of t!tis State. The condition of the above obligation is such, That ~ .. ..~....~ .......':iJ...~ Whereas ...... ··~~··~~···~;~~~~ ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, TO--WIT: T!tis day. ............ Clerk t!ie securit ........... in tlze above bond, personally appeared before. of t!te Circuit Court of Rocking/tam County, and made oat!i t!tat ...................property is wort!i $............................................ . after t!te payment of. ........ . Given under my !tand t!tis. ..debts, and tlwse w!tic!t... .. ...day of.......................... . .secun·ty for and expect ............. to !tave to pay . ....,I90 ..... .................. ................Clerk. A Copy-Teste. ............. Clerk. 8. &, S..-Us. Priswr. Bridn..-at..,. Va. �• .. • f .' . .. '. . . t7 .. ~ . ~ ~ ~ Q,11"\ I . ' I -. • ~ �' ♦ • • r OFFICE OF THE CLERK §upn~ntt<!!tlUd ,0f Aµp:eals nf ]J'irgiuia, ALEXANDER W. MAY, CLERK . .§tatmilm, Jrn. August This nell, has on,,. of aw:trd,ad Circuit Jun~, against titior:er clerk's is the tl Court 1908, the to certify Jui.ges of of error writ of Rockinghru:i in of'fice Hun..:.red Dollars the O'Donnell entor of into th':! saiJ. ($300.00), on t~e Supreme County, Court for Circuit Court, conJ.itioned Circuit 0 Co., Ve,. 0 on thP- 27th in as the of Virginia of the day of of Virginia provided sufficient with O'Don- a judgment Commonwealth Teste: to the clerk or the Court of Hockinghazn to a misdemeanor, bond, of Daniel of Appeals render"'d the by 1908. petition and supersedeas a prosecution said shall that 7, security, th~ penalty law directs. the pe- in 'Q:r:e of Three �r • . ,. '' j .·• "--'l"' . .... . 1 ,,,,.' lr1 "i .. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Daniel O'Donnell Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Sale of Alcohol Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with misdemeanor sale of alcohol Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1908 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_005_123 O'Donnell Sherrard https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_076-commonwealth-v-john-h-mace.pdf 5484a26e885002e9655ea9396b74fec0 PDF Text Text b.'µA./L. J £_ fl ---~__,,____-·-~--- /( ................. }h _1i~ /i_ f}v P -A. _J_ ex~ /J e~,4 vr v.. 1/f..~ ~ fl. [2,~ J ___ h~rf ,_~~'- lf 19~ l' ..<j--~- /?J. (1~u-c___ 10- /4_ f, - ,(~ ( (p_js>_,J'~ $- 9~ 1 f ~£:. ll_ ~~ ,(p_ ~ . ~ {f'1A.., ,L t( ~PD-VU.k~ p_"f 2/~A { /4-..--_~ (D -b, lo ~ ��r----. /49~~~ vs. ~ ~f /7~ .;€1.)k,,_._, :ehaClBrh 0{:/m:e Circuit C($.rt 1,f llo8,lq,i,1'b~heun County, the m~inal papBrs i,1'btke abotJeetiJae. (... /···· i-l~~/tir4&:<J,yt······ J , 5 /;1,. i/Y. 6.-F ..... ~+t~:~1:, ... ..-"' ~ ........ a... ~.~ v; IC £=--r ....... • ftf~..,.... A: ..... @..½:.~.~ ....6.. ......... IA_ ..1.o.,..... t1r~ -- J1,,,c. . ....... c!.I.., ................ ~......... . ~,;=4,~z:: ... I ··············1································..._ ·······························································• ....... }7J~d2~- �• �. rl1lLeNe\VS-ltcg1stcr Harrisonburg, Co., I , , ,·a. i SuB1: OJ,,N.,, . => .And this_~ then \ , ____________ i;l-1.,ul,l i,n no wise omit'. z1,nde1· the penalty rmd, there this vVrit.. of £1;;-_ -----~,:d luwe . j'f•l:~1-~----------------------------,'2_~ Witness __ drty of---~----------------------, Ju,stice of the Perice, the ____ 190b. ___ , rind in the 1/(l._th year of thP Commonwealth. -~ ~ ~t,£~ J p �' .;:,... I, ·,.:··· .......... .. ·/ • '\,1- \ .. ·' .. •• ... a • • �1 'l he News-H.eg1ster Harrisonburg, Co .. \Fa.. 1 • • • ., i KuHJ OJ,.-SA. oµimonwe~~ . _of__ V~rginia:· · To the Constable £:., rm, ,,,,.,Mr,by oL~----------- District---Greeting ~~~r~ ~ a~~I ,~ --------~~--------------------: (Jf"'#-'1~~-- ~--e~.Z} - ---------------~-~J!g_~~ ........................... Jt'"":. //.l__________________ of sa~istrlot, n _______________________ ________________ on ,:.lcie; ____ ___ ~,uz~-----------------------4-- in r, ertoin 1n.atter of controversy ~~Jt~,., al day_ of anrl.,,tl e tru,th tu say on behrr.lf of 190_6_ __ , to testify ____ -----~-------------------------------!,_ -; ~,.- oomman<':91 lo-<um~~~-. -------/;;~pj~~-,-/lt!t_#t~,-ti lo ,. in snirl Cou/rt ~g --~---~---.:___ -_______________________ _ nnd u,ndeterminerl, between ...~-.........-'Hc-,.;#U~•···· --------------------1!i------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ .llnrl this _______________ ____________ slwn in no wi.se om.it, u,nrler the penalty flipn and- there his of £100. .llnrl luwe lfl"rd. Juslioe of th, P.aoe, tho ..Jff e-,,e__ W'itn"'··~I'·~···························• 190_~---, mid in the dny of--~---------------------, ___ 11.t!thyenr ····················~~ of the Commonwea.lth.' .....J. p · �) �'11lte News-Hegister l{arrisonburg, Co .. t S ·r Va. i , ,. ldiPOll.NA. �~ ~\ ~A.f,/4.. tn~1fa~ ~1(,~ �'l'he Ne~vs l-teglster Uo., I.~r~ Harrisonburg, Va. , ,,) ,,:--~., 1 1 1.• i:,. · 1--=v .:,:~,~~ol toap?!!?:!!li:~ ,a,d~Ut,·iet,- _______ &;_~_{__ ,,t __________________________________________________ on the ___________ "2__________________ dav of ---------?{~-- ):-------------------------, 190_, ____ , to testify -------~e,,,~ -~-d in a oerlain matter of and the tnith tu sriy on behalf of 1"'4L..•------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------_-------------- oc,7,,,,;vmy in ,aid ~ ~L!#;a.,,. Court dependingr,.unddmniaed, ,-!,~ ,&~ betwoon -----------------,;;,~:...------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.fl_nd this_~ ___________ shull in no 11'-i-seomit, 1inder the pennlty of .£100. Ancl have then rm.,d- there. this Witne,,, }Vrit. , ~J.R~-k=- ~ ______ _______ _____ ,Ju,tioe of the Peo,oe, the. fl_~-- 190-', ___ , 11,nd in the dny of---~---------------, ---- = 1J//th yenr of tl1P Uomnionwea),th, ~#--~J p �a,_~ f ,/L INjt7-?U,#-o~ fr. /H--._ ~ ~~~ ~~,zp,:«~ �Tile Ne,vs-H.eg;iHtet· Co .. 1 , ,- .. . ~ Har1•isonburg, Va. i t:iUHJ O.bNA. in , certr;in rnatte7' o~v~icl Cou,rt depenil~rt~~1~tenninecl, between ~ ~--------------------------------------~ -----7---#~---------------------------- ---------------.----5-----_--------------.--------------.-------------.-------------------------------------------------.---------------------------------------.If.nil tlu,s __________________ ________ shull in no u•1,se omit, unrler the perwUy of £100. .11.nclhave then and. tlur~·it. ~ , _.... !-'-------~-----------:----------------, Justice of' the Pence, Witness ___________________ .,,_ ____ ,:,r; <b ,,,h✓ ! O 190/_'IZ---, 1, ne,,z·Jn t }r1bLf't1iy of' ____ V.✓~-------------·----, 1 _';/~----' ~~ i ~ the _____ ':'1_ __ · ye fi'1,1o1·1 t 1e CY 01nmonwealtl1. ~jr~JP ��The News-l{egister Harrisonburg, Co., Va. 1 ...: ~ , 'N ul, H 1 0 J,.~ A. i --------==-=----- ---=- -------- Yoii al'e hel'eby 00111,nuinrleil to su1n1non __________________________________________ ~---------------------------------- ·-----------------1~---~----~--(!P~-----~---------- --------------------------------------------------------------;?;)-,---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.----- to rippear befol'e ____ ~ _ ___ _1_fr:_4k-_~~-?_ ___________________________ , ci J ustioe of snirl District, ________________ -----------------------------·--------------------------·-···-···----on M7..il~,.2-~. -:"'.J _______________________________ , J 90/., ____ , to testify ~ _________ day of the _______ /J2_ __ and the tnith ·----~&~------------------------------------------------------------- at tu sriy on behrilf of ----·---------------------------------- ��1 'l he NtY~vs-Hegister Uu., llarr1sonbm·g. Va. t ~"llP \ ..:::iu )J < ,-..~ 1 m.r 1• You, ure hn·eby ·································································h7··,,.·································································································· to appear 5/ ·······•··~·5',.. before ....,.,l,t. ....•.......a"'.~··························• t a Jiistice ., ♦ .'Y.~..k"..!2.~.~~/····························································on of said District, at the .................................day of .................•.......1~·········· ................. , 190.#. ..., to tesf.ify and the trnth tu say on behalf of ..... ~~ i,n rr certain ..... ~~/..ti~.'·················································································································· n1,atter /Jr·cont1'ov1rsy in said Cou,rt depenclinJ! ancl iincletermined, _,rt...,._c{, &r~...~ .~.·~.,,,£~fr. ···················· between ,&"..-....... ...................... . ··71'······················································································································································· .11.nd this ...k. ................... shaU in no wise omit, then and there this TVrit. '-. ~ ..;., Witness ..... ...11?~2 190 ..,., rlriy of ...~~·············• - -_ -~-- iinder the pennlty of £100. .11.nd have ~.../..~ ................, J1,istice of the Peace, thr .. (ln,d in the 1Jt!th . ~,,~JP yenr of the Commonwerrlt-h. �~f /1>;·/~~~ ,,.. ·.. ' ' " ' .. '~~~ ~"-------,., ~ "-._. ~/1',/a'~ ~~ �'J1l1eNe~vs-Ltegister Co., I. l,.'. .. ,HPOJ,'N J-[arr1sonburg 1 Va. \ 1vv ·- A. TheCommo::t~f Yori are hereby t.t/Z".~·-·~··~Z~ coninianclecl to suni11ion .. I?-.······························································•············································ ~.........................., a Justice to cippear before ....~.,.( ...... a ..... , $,'···~ ··············_vf---~ ...... ~~·~···············~·········k'~ in ri certain to t~stify 1 of saicl District, at ~......day of the ........./ ..?!.. .. ......... ~~····························································on ....... and the tnith tu say on behalf of ................................................................... nudter 1 , .. -... ~~-~ ~ft!$--~·· ······························································· ~tdct---GceeUng• 0~ of controversy in said i'oiirt depending and u,ndetennined, . between ..~~.~ .. ~faLq:~~···································· ~£ ~:::·;;:=;; ~.~,·•~~:;;'.;,··, 0.:o,;:;,~ ::,.~;~··;;;;~~;.·· ;~; ..;;";,;; Of;;;;;·····~:~ ~;,~; W.--.~fL..~ Witness .... .............................. , Justice of the Pea,ce, the ... 7. L?:f. ~..~ ................, 1904?. ..., unil dny of ... __ in the lf.f.th yem· of the Commonweu,lth. ·_·······················~=1t~ ........... J P_ ��,, c:J/ &<~ t/ 1,JPt e-44-__;~ -< C / £ -eJi;i!...J ,, ,/ ~ ( ~ ~ t //_, r/'J X, �-\---- �. I ��1 ) t.- ��T • These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth and bring before me, or some other Justice of Virginia, of the said County, to command you forthwith to apprehend the body of the said ........................................................ . ·························································································~··~········································································································ :~~-f.~~(IA£....&--V' '~~ to answer the said comp •~~:.ir Given under int, and to be farther dealt with according o:::::rn~,:w~al~h.th, $... ..7...~day my hand and seal this ....... REGISTER PRINT HARRISONBURG VA to law. And you are required to summon examination t:1./f~., ............. in the year oL ..... ~ ~ touching the said offence. 190 .. ~;, ik,{,fi~•JJ, P. [SEAL.] &.. �f • Co·mm,onweaUh · . ~ Arrest us. r Warrant. !l:~ Executed b ?J arrest· the with ~ . w arrnnt 1.,n_gand del.wenn_g . the bocly oft-···-. ~--.f.l.~--~----······-···· I - -------------~ before a ·. ,______ . - ... . Justwe o-f. p 7,. --- -~.-::_/.: LOG c1.,nt§} nnd by s _.,1.,a1n County ummonin& t77 . named w1.,tnes . ,e with ,1,n · . .,, person , t} . ses 1.,11., .11.1US ,;;-f ~ ":._ ~-;s190~-- . . 7 . J'. I· -------------,__,_t-: ·R··········'-·:·'./?:,., - - ~ C01z;t~bl~if&,C -,--···-··· ockzngha ___ nz ounty. �r • Hurst's Standard Furms, Annotated. Commitment to Answer Indictment. } N0 2 · • { Hurst & Company, Luray, Va, rcude, §§3969-70, amended, Acts 1895-6, p 935; Hurst's Guide & Manual, pp. 492, 504-6; Mqyo's Guide, (67-8-old ed.), "2-3.] / VIJWINIA, CO[!NTY OF·-~·-· and to the ................ , '1.£)9~st~h~B of said County, To .. ~---~······•····························· Keeper of the Jail thereof: These are, in the name of the Commonwealth forthwith to convey nd of Virginia, eliver into the custody of the keeper of said jail, . ~ in this, anrl you, that the keeper w; .m--~ shall be discharged together ,_&{;~ he, the said~ of the said jail. are hereby with this war- by due course of law. required . .............. , on to receive into your jail and custody, tried for the said offence lwfore the county court of said county, ,, you, the said sergeant, !:,~~~~~···········••· :~•::::::. ::d:.~: by him committed, to command Given the the said that he may be and him there safely keep, until he undt>r my hand a_nd seal, this ./P.~day of ····~··············lq'7'b [L. S.] ( A jns1iC'e cannot bail, in case of ft·lony,-i. e., an offence "punishahle with dPath or confinement in the penitentiary'', unless "only a light. suspicion of guilt falls on the accusPd "-sre ()ode. sec. 3960, amended, Acts 1895-6, p. 365. For form of recognizance of accused for his appearance betore the county court. see Hurst's Guide & Mamrnl, p. 111, No. 4. For commitment or recognizance for further appearance before the justice, &c .. see Code. sec's 3963-5, and Hurst's Guide & Manual, 113-14, Nos. 7, 8, and 9, For recngnizance of witneg~es for appParance before grand jury, see Code, sec. 3969, amended, Acts 1895-6, p. 935, and Hurst's Guide & Manual, p. 112, No. 6. As indictments for felony may, and oftentimrs are, ruade at sessions of the grand jury, spec1ally called, witllout notice, jm,tices do not usually recognize witnesses.) �r • ~Ah~&,,__ V ~:f~,,,~ foL rt:///~ �r • 1EALT COMMO N"'. H u • The~/4-±~n:t~~;-,,,~ clusion o-!' h, to ~ind a verdict it fo- the has not beor: }roven def he.re, 'vith ndant to has to Corrm nrfealth's 1efendant. d the the use of hir0°elf such purriose. upon the C mmonrealth steer and heifer or another, And that 1 on the gro'1nc that Com .on H~P.lth th~ t t e by th, c.c::-. ~rt i '!"mt in co::--troverr:.y or secreted no convict. inn c0uld the same be hacl s testimony. Auth ori t i6s: (1) The Statute of ir 6 inia ..- 8nyone 1.rho converts to use of hir1.1self or 2nother, or ecrets ·che s8JT e .1 ith such rurpose or embe!~l es an/_ r.,roperty i~ iabl for lrrceny thc~r cof. Sec. 6 716 of t11 ( Code of \ a. ' ~2) Lefinit ·on of embezzlement. see ll 6yc. of Lav }Bge 4 5. To cr-ristitute embezzler::(nt munt have fraudulently converted money etc.,. to his own or sornr oriH el scs use or secreted it r ith intent to convert it. 1 0 (3) In ·~aclley•s case, 98 Ya. 810, ::.t io further c1 ecl::red L1at to constitute I embezzlement. "there rn1.st be a fraudu:tent intc11: to c'epri e the oner of hL: proJ:,erty. 11 nc under this puthority Co1-tri. to inE:truct the Jury that the C0::-:1on real tu s test imonJ-. t~.e cefendant no convict io asks the C8.r be had uron �' . .. �f • Hurst's Standard F ..irms, Annotated. l f N Certificate of Commitment for Trial. o. 3 · 77IR0I.N'I.ll.,COU.N'J'Y~·····t;..· __ .._~ ___ ..,:;.... __·~-- 4_:_.e-_____ t:--.___ . 61. _____ ~-----~- { Hurst & Company, Luray, Va, 1'0-WIJ': ~------------, J'o the Clerk of tlze/{Jeri>ltH:} Court of said County: 1,------~-J,---'-£~~----------------------------___ ,a justice of said county, do hereby certify that I have this day committed~.~/IJ::f:~........... ......................... . to tlze jail of said county, that lze mav be tried before tlze~urt of said county, for a felony by him committed, in this, that ke, on the ..................day of 1~~ ............. , 1IJ.fl.6,in the said cozmty,/t.M ___ ~~~-~~~J .a-...!~.~~·~,4..~~,7:i'wfl,:pUe,-.4<:,t:~ ~.-~¥;_~·····~/-rf'-·············&&~;;:1:,J~1:.~~~ ~-1~-~---~--~-~~~x~~~ ~ f!.j,bi~ ···-·-- ------------------------------------------(Jiz,en,mder my lzand alld seal, tlzis.../t'. 0 day of.~.. . ........• .... , .J.'f.P"h.. ---------------------------------------------------~/-'--~-------------, J. P. [L. S.J [For certificate, where accused is bailed, see 1-lur,t's Guide & Manual, p. 112, No. 5.l �r • ' . ' ... �r • Qt~, 'i u . . ,: v/41:, . /. . V )I'? ;( 1/, / }/-9/ V dt. ..Jf. ,.., # r' /1 1.,,/ ·--/ t✓--f ✓ ~411 v, va ( lt' V / ,,,,.. I . / /, �r • �I The jury ~ t .is AE3 • enc. tht.t instruct r aeon bl b yond ci r e.re th that cif ,r to be purt 1 ~ by , ·r BCPSOD t th ust u, t 111 orde1 .. to find th is not n c they ry t lE.rc ny of boi.h th, in whe c se, guilty they of th rr.u.~t tin !tt etocr they b lieve ~rceny es th, otners ,uch him guilt fina of cattl prisoner f ncl ~Jiss ~. J. lonf'. ,ith in Strayer other to be grt!.zed nd e C l nds belongi g to or unoer .._,o t-.i(• th 'P th t ·.er oattle wrongfully t id, in his in qu ntion ifer ic e on gr~·zing o,~ u e, d tL~t ah E of 1905, s t· fore lot th to his instrvct na.. t .. y sprin, et er and h ifer ~ from the evid nee, t p re 1 of' th tnd r of s i r : • t.n ... th1t nt to deprive int the for gr 7.in s~id rerr,( ind ro ri they esoio t~ined f' the ulent 0 at. th by mhos. ,r f t they b live o-::Thos • .:.• oner i ri t to hi1 thet doubt, pro erty for bi., hiI!l during •~ a if the.y were d liver~d to t . c·ttle d tat poss to permsn t d.eli v ,r udulent- nd fr aft ssion te-_r r ~h th owners, with ntl of th sum, r tur .the frb.ud- to fn nd mrke them hi~ o~n p~op rty, propriation prisoner sliou.Jd Em- the beyond guilty o 11 fu.rt u a r th, but reasonable fore0. id of eith gQilty. ,..re v . .n·rr. ob h ifer, ~cc sed ·r- l&.rcen by th ; t.;.::'ldth , jury if h r instr cte in ictrn .at it v. 11ty from th :rt evi enc doubt t:het he is r the st er or the heife �w �The jury ur thct ins ructe th· t th ste }roperty of Jhos. ·ust find the: the:, indictment, tessick,b:nd from th they b lieve in controv r t.nd heifer R. if rsy in this str&yer, .i.~s ::::. J. the case riaoncr not evi enc ~r not the GS c guilty. :, jury ~h a. nee tion prison tn h in are iurth r ni ..d to hirn by id .·essic lan to the b,longing prisoner o ~id not huv ih ir property, The jury tb steer 1.re an p rel of th o.ny fr udule~t control, ·r z (1 liver- d on the or th t th the ovmers rnuE.t ina him not guilty. :f:.irtl:.,r instracted tlr t, unl ,ss o th y b lieve of another hLS to hio r of cuttl nt to deprive int converted to tii O"m Ub r either of tl 1n A tmd heifer in co trov r~iAOI.~~~~ bCCUSed bunch to be evi- r in gues- hcif of 1905, or una r his ve from the r t th in t e s ring prisoner thy if th::Jbeli :.not b liov · re p rt .i d thct r instruct i tn must t.b ..t e t' .., t,>v...- ��\ ,/ �, ... I ,\ ... ·:.. ..... ..... ' �T • Hurst's Standard Forms, Annotated. I d' t l No f 1 · 35. [Code, n §§3989, 3999, -1000, 4011, 4045; Hurst's IC J Hurst & Company, l Pulaski City, Va. men t . Guide & Manual, pp. 537 (3), s-10-5, s-16, 617-18.] Tlze ·urorsof tlze Commonzcealtliof T'irgilzia,in aad for tlze body of tlze Couflty of ~ ................. ~---.- -- ... .... ................................ o~ tile '~--f<-.,..•.... ..................... , and 1zowattending tlze said Courtat its tlzeyear Jy O"°G , ltpO!ltlzeir oatlzspresenttlzat ~. . /<J ~a; of ..... ner~ ~Ji;,~ J'"-,... ..···. , 2 'l'!'/_c:>_ ..h~~.4.()f. .~1:3-t tl~, ............ . in tke year 1Jn,, ,in the .t.Q-ri t:_ . one _;reg _stE:J~.r9,ntj, h.~t.fP:.r... of ..... tb.~ vaJ.:ue .of' ~45 .. o_o., the .cattle __J,;t;.~_§.:l.c.K ....~nd,.MJs.s .~ .....~r•. s trayl;}r , ...fe.lo.niously Clerk. County, QD~. "l_httf; ...::,3P.Q_t.t.~d ........ . .and .Prover ty .oi' .. T •. R •.......... di1 against tlzepeace and dignity of tlze Cr,11uno1uuealtlz of l"il:qinia. ·················' said steal, t.ake, ...and �~ ~- r1! ► � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. John H. Mace Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony theft. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Theft Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_004_076 Mace Messick Strayer https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_003_046-commnwealth-v-amos-wallace.pdf 55134dc0b71c83d298eaa41034264a4f PDF Text Text --lo ~ ~ ~ �' �l f Hurst's Standard F0rms, Annotated. N0 Hurst & Company, Luray, Va, Certificate of Commitment for Trial. 9 · ..,. [Code, §§3970·71.] 1 77IRO-IN.f./l.,COUNI'Y OF~~ .. ~ ............. , 1'0-WII': J'o the Clerkof tlie County Court (/said County: I, .. ~ .....~ . ..~. . .,ajusticeof s°:7/untv, do herebv cer- ~~ ....~.6, tzfy that I have this dav comrnitterL...... to the jail of said county, tlzat lzernav be tried before the CftJt1i:1."b court of said county, for a felony by lzim committed, ill tlzis, tlz~t lze, on the .~ ... .day of f fJ¥;: in the J said countv, ffi.~ ........... , . £,,:--</..,u_,,A.f',._,.,,,~/? ~~~ :;~··•·=-~········~·••?~ .• ~~~ ~-·j)····L~ ....~---~······~~~./~ [For ;- . certificate, where accused is bailed. see Hur,t's Guide & ~lanual, p. 112, :-lo. 5.l ��INSTRUCTION NO: '/: 'l'he co·irt pers0n ch·r establizhed this instructs ed with by the presumpvion the crime j-.1ry that o be innocent co.am1onwea.lth bayond of innocence goes entire c ae and applies at having heard evidence all a reasonable of th.3 doubt or as -:o an.. fact,, in tne indictment, benefit of the dcubt every stage in lt essential 'to prove is and the to duty find him not accused thereof; case, accused the their his a rtiaaonable ~his of the law presumes until with of the it the guilt is doubt and through and if~ the every after .jury have upon the whole ch':l.rge made against i ve the guilty. the priaone:r· 'f.he c~ e, him ��INSTRUCTION NO.~ The court case, if further a reasonable establish the be raised by the has guilty" evidence not been means hy l&w. INSTRUCtION NO. 8: CO'.l!'t of any fact, jnstructs upon the tri.::.l or lack of evidence, euch doubt the since the acquit accused, -chat the in th'3 pr 1c1 se, the that jury guilt in the murder jndictment, of the f.'tpecific cf to necessary as charged no more than establil;lhed that jury accused must form prescrjbed The the doubt of the guilt and t:1e ,jury decisive "not jnstruc~s is 7e1 1 dic-c accused and narrow by~--., lying or attempt to in Wa.it, premeditated conmit degr killjng arson, e. All or in the ra e 1 burglarly other ruurder commission or robbery is murder of the of, is murder second in the degree. first �., �INS'l'RllC1'IONNO. The court frcm the the life evidence the bey•nd facie presuiues offence killing. the deceased,. decree reasonable instructs of the law prima secrnd 4tt- a.nd burden to murder doubt that .iury, even a reaaon~bla then the that if doubt ,iury are such ldlljng rests upon the i th~ it was a wilful, firs~ degree, th':;y are that the satisfied accused instructed that was murder of the common ealth by proving deliberate took the to elevate beyond and premedit a ted �i I OK b t ► 88 'l be $ ;t ) i. e n 'l ..aw , ntl o:> e 9'l J -. b ll ,ed eo .ab ~ ant .,. lJ • t n• 'ioot be• e .t 8'1 b ~ t '! lJ e.b .. 8 lf- e .tl elo -t ..., b N t 9• tll) w1 1 "IO&b t ti: ,: b.tve en "I aaeoe f rt I b 0 1 !a • 1 �INSTRUC1IONNO: J7 The court instructs the ~~ in -the case A there is any rea r ;/ / the innocence of the accused,, jury enable they that if, upon the whole hypothesis, must find consis evidence t with him not guilty. �i �INSTRUCTIONNp: ': jJ 1he court criminal instructs case twelve by a jury, minds F.ach individual doubt of the defendant's resting should tbat realize doubt to a verdict upon his case, consultation duty not balance of the his the jury, law contemplates the conclusion is this with is li~ewise although is true the ilty should with of the c entertain the accused, after it is hi entertajn different guilt duly consultatio duty not The court that if considered simply because convictions with case by a minds in Not only but the it Therefore, accused any individual all the evidence is fellow-jurors, as to the to surrender the of the crime. still, enter- is his because of the accused~ w doubt it can be had. deceased, in this should guilt, from the evidence having of guilt, evidence of twelve to the de ree · of the a reasonable as to such degree jury respect member of of a criminal conviction to the beyond a convictions. trial and he can consent simply concurrence before the ,jury, fellow-jurors, defendant's upon the killin e~ and after his the oath feel before all different the a reasonable if any individual of the may believe jury, guilt own conviction,,, respect jury member of the in this that of guilt true should of an be his as a member of the }:j_m rith doubt in.,tructs the he can under Each juror ,jury entertain jury beyond before of a concurrence be satisfied duly considered to surrender the convictio Therefcre, having easonable trial before defendant's of euilty. such upon the own mind must be convinced the ~iury,, after tajn mus guilt,. of the and after of guilt of guilt responsibility that, th3 law contemplates juror to a verdict reasonable jury in a conclusion ~ad. consent the degree ~is of own convictions the balance respect of guilt to of the such degree • �l �~ ~ :._J,.- \ ...i ( Vt ..n .i .. .,, /')i. J.'1 00 O,l'l ',.. (' . .i , , . .. '"I fl l I" o.--: 0 ·1 ' 1 c'lrU.y J •r,ap'n, , :1 '· r 11 J .1 ~ : f' pa··":. H () .. ~ a1"'·".' , ~ i l?' , !:11Jo·i.:,_ 1j iJ ., .,. inr:t_, H~+,ion, t ... ..' r..,., :--k:11. , 90 <--. +-. J ... J it ·rr>.r: �I �· ,E,~n~, , n'i.e:r +,1e ,., :.U-Yl f)_ by 2.8.-r, 1yine: 11 in a concP.a.:_in c•ai t. 11 of one 11~ se:!.f in th•"' J8.th of' an in- ��ill) :01' lj • r:;:~ y,)U f ..:..ul tht~ d.e:r Cf> you 1ill so •.mi d.s-·ertair1 0 ruil ty hie firD t iI1 t.1c t11e necond. vrisunHr r:0 t s-•.1.ilty you find the .Pr:ils ,ne:r n:)t guilty l·:.n tn.ry or c • finerr:ent u1 the rie._.r·c0 you 'Nill .i,,unisiliner:..t 'i=lhicll s:UJ.11 be c onf'ine;-en.t .or sA11on,. ,::.ee?;-.ceenor ,...i:' r::urdAr in the inv tiin. of I::' ~ro,.1 :rind I.f Glli::. :y 0..L .·.u.:rder nay so n.nd no :,:ore. b 1t first .t~r-LSOll<-:!rO il ty E;1lilty of .. 1.n-slau.:c:h ter County jail voluntar.· you '· ill ,P...:..tl1e:r f ;:urd.eT sJy in in the t'rn first of rr.u.rd.er :in the r:ia11-slau.:;;hter, but say so and. ascertain ~)r uo +-h in yo,~r di;3cre- ��CO!/ ,ON'VbAL'l'H vrr. , coar t Thl: killing "...ry the jJ la.; of :;r'::!;~tttn:.·· ins true ts of' ar.y wrso1. ,..,lw C o:.ir t in::, true tG V i:r ~i r:i fl bu.rn.8Il , :f ,,-,rcc·j]i.cri 0'00.f is in u.1-0 1a,;r to tl: i1 J the jury t}:r afore ·vi ~h r.alict:: as rr.urner Virginia t:1r• ju:'; t nurcler " Co ..,_..., t •, n c.: tl1oa,:;1 t. firGt that be murder t~~c cor..-:nor:·.--:ealt1, dVei·y in ard hor:iici:ie t~e 3econd in orcier :::.r. degrPe. t red1.:.ce �,) �,,, . \ ..... AJ,o~ V'/\L LACt~. . ,(/ wl; t e bu.rd.E:l,. oI' G..is 1.::r-ov inc )tl.alice is ti1ro·7n u I-On the accused. V..., • Ai,.OG 1•r/IJ,LACB. Tl1e c 1 ;11' t.. ki"li1-i.; is ,·,illful, :::n.lice fro::: this J.U.rthtjr i1.s true ts deliber8.te, fact. the jury anrl ~re:-:eutnted, Lat v1i.....r-.over the law tho infer•..; ��COil'. L.N'.EAl,TH V.J. The Cnur t J a ~:ilJ_f-al, 3 ry rtll r i1.s "r'Ucts thn jur: te a ..,d .1-1rcr:_ei t:i t. d ·'<.i 1.1.u-G, delibern that :::.: to ,,. nst..:. ute ·s .o., ,eces- tl :::i.t l s1r:,__ 111 e .. ti n L~,-=.l !3.r> t ...:. -...J.lli.g, .it c.,.,e in 4 o existence i..:i Olll. .11:::ce...,ary .f"Jr Lie 1.'irst J.._f at ��Tht., >,u:-t i:::: i.,.UI'cier cie 6 ree Le bur 6 1nry, thP- jm.·y i-oi,.., n, t.) or any 7;il:rul, stB.rving or in instr-ucts d.elillerate, n.r 0r atte:-:.Pt :::or.i.:dssion that lyln__, in in l!3.'N !.;lid.er in t..,1e I T'it, /\ 1r.'.1.,;rtsonr:er1t, and :t:tr'tt:ieciitated killi11g; to cor:-.r::it 11.rson~bery n:r ~ anrl t'1!3.t 1::.u.ro.fJr iH tl1G second degree is al.1 o t:wr COM CN7'F,ALT:r;: T:r1u Gour t inctru~ is the w1l·rrrful ir:u;l~ed, ·,vi tJ10 -;.t, and it ::sl:.ct:, That ec·~. tic;,. I of cc::c k.ilJ.ing is of either 8.ct 1rnl inv 01, l'l t~ the jury another tha. ··1ithout t .,.all cl 'J:i.eh tAr :.alice, ex1-!t'essed volun Lary nr inv0lun o:r ic.Plieci., tary mr, tary in 11:· / or rr.R.:nslaughter. u.Pon a sud."..en 1ieat, on re::3.:::0.1- . .. ..,rA..i..1 la·-:.f11l 1n t not .['(-;lonious '1.C't; or iL lhe i:::.P.ro :A:::r �> .,,A~• ... \ " �vs. in te:. tion, dP1 e in death ht: self :ill nevertheless be guilty of ;::1rcl1;r, .,._. 1i1;h ifl defence. mnsued. t::ere.rror'l · 1i thir. a year and a day, t·11~ ... .,risorn r .1:- i:!'.a ��C •.. UN TEALTL I/ V.J. A}.10, JI "ALI A CI • The Cou •+, instr.1,~ts c r.sidc ..... in 6 t::e case t:.:.~ jnr;' are .ot !t' ' c11iL,c-L! reasor.':ib ,.,or.J·ec .. • ~ .:..nvoztigntion s.1c h tita t, r,.f:' were t:rar.sac tioLL to hes not that J. ta t r. s ni.d Bll C1e sa, ..e tc ar.d Pal!Se, guilty. y H! have .1 i. in L ..suf:ficient co1:siderin 6 all an abiding convic tior .., of ,'l el' 1-0... ed in L.Partinl t:i:o 8Vidence, truth the i is graver ar.d 1--ruder. t r..ar.. to nu t.1:orize the ..,~uJjt b& ar.d urile2s ca'l.Ge a ren.souable -1,.... ....... as ar , n:erely an a~qulttal, casA, .4, h , ev id.e.11 e doubts uUCh the .ir~ci of' do 'bt it. "'ould it 111 after If.., gc be:"ond ain "'+ f lffV, ar·· oe fro.r. a ca ,did. a the evid.e,.ce of' lii:'e, t o justify fl. e d. tbt, B.s a :-..'ltter t:!-1' jury, a ve~dic t of you of ar1 say tl1e charge, �. . �COL OY"l.':AL'T'H Ar,,08 w ALLAC:li!. t:rn t said facts J.,T ls circ.lL...l.bta11ce:::, te:.'liL aud / I ~I,. 6 oner to i:..:.::e· ia tt.ly estab.licl1 the t,}H1TA8..fter L;uil t or n.t tc::..Pt- inr1ocer,ce ��COJI.,.c1rr.F:ALTH I vs. ..;> /\.,{OS "ALLA.CF.. C 01.ll' weawr... ,·nthout i1. i.,Tevicnc ~ in::itruc tc r:or t:1l '7our,d .1.-0:.rne,..,sior. or a.ny or u.Por. very the necessity of ,b,T,wi112; / tb.:: jury sliJht t ...iat ii~ t.1cy believ~ wrrr-; ~i ven ~rohn Hoskins sa:i.d AI.as "•·1.llace, ~,rovocatior.l, 1t is cxteJ.,ua ti11g circu~nz tai ... ce::::. f'ro::l o~- n dea ly t:1e acc~1.r:;e,1, .f..:::'i:-:ai'acie ��... ·"'!), J l 1) il, ... 'L ( ' ., t, , ~,· f +-, t, ., . )!1' ·- ' .,. i 1.~(.,:,, ,i' i 9-r, :i. 'r ,. J : 1.~,.~,)TJ. l~1nt, t •n•;~.~ ..,11:t fj 1· ' - 'r ,f t, t .. -•> ' . ("~(,r.,11i,. l ., · i ,r I,.__ ., . ." , ' J, l 11 ~ . :qc;t 'l ,.,.~ ~ ,.l) ,. ..·, j . ~.;\ .... r.,h • ...!.·1_ IJ :li 1. ... ,· , ~~-;1<:i > i , .. i t:-..f-' . ,!l ~--'"'\r t, :11 ' i.:1••1.i . .:i''' -1, ' t, 1 t ..., i . l . ,1 r . . 1 t, . ' ... 1 ,.,., ) •• <- ·i i ,. l._ t,- -y, .. i-. i J ...r l - . )'t .~ J ,11 ,-,.,,, , ~, ::1 ~H " C) ' +~ q-,•...il \I" J , ) I ' ,, '1 ��iR "{.Tr • ~8Xr>r>')t, ,.~ 00~qc;i }fl<"' ' i 71 c<(''t q) •'q:,-, (:r,,:✓ ; -r ~ri.,...,.. rin. C "S '")'l 1'1'r ~ )i1CJi ~Jo'l,,<A ~~~-t.- r-11rf- ,., ~·:r), !'l t, 0 ., ':)... f:179+, ~·11~., t, ) ::-: 1B t,' d, r.:t, +,1" ').,., Yinnr, I ',.,1 +,.·_ ' j_ +, '1Tl �) �Standard 1,.Hurst's orms, Annotated. 1-1urst & Com pan;, l Pulaski lnd'1ctment. }No. 3s. · [Code, §§3 9a9 , 3999, 4000, 4011, 40.15; Hurst's Guide & Manual, City, Va pp. 537 (3), s-10-5, 546, 617-18.J .. ··• .. , 1'0-/!JJ': COuJ '1'}': J'lze · ,rors of tlze Commo1ucealtlz of Ti'rgil1ia,ill ruzclfor tlze bod!! o/ tlze Cou11t!Jof' · f ,,..,.___ _ ............ ' - oa tlze : h ....... a11d1zou·atte11rli11g tlze said Court at its ye:1 (} :,L, .vb~-~--···. . term, iii the J 0- day of ll/JOII t/1eir oat/ts present t11al .. , ill tlze year if 'J.' ~. O ..¥-, • .... , ill tlze said ('ou!lty, Li a ,d 1.~pon o!le Johll HoskiJ it L.:~en.:u,J U1e1'..Gbe ..... n,3, did felonio.u.r;ly , ...willfully .."aii1.···o.r "h{i:i" .:ai"ice· of afore th u~h t rr.ake al assault, a t,. a., t'rn :.::ai·l Ar:-.on "Tallaco~a ce:rta_in .,.Pln,. t1e.anri thero.char.ged 'ltith .. g. n JO'?lde:r U,t·d sha'f~ w'hic J'liri g".lfi '1e, t 1·lC said Ar::o.J Vallaco, in his '18.11d then and there hac. and hold 1 the .. a .'t ..--her<:, .[eloniouuly, vrLllfully a.id. of :1is r.1aiicc· o.t.i.~or·et11ou~°f1t~ .riid discharge and Shoot o.r.r, at, a...,ainst UH'l uJ;on the so.1.d tTOhn Hoskius, a ••d tli.Jl t the n_aj,d A:r.o~ •:allace "li th tlw shot aro:resnid _. o·: t o.r t· 1G _::un l>y tlle sairl Arr.os '"all ace discharged a1.d ::,:.o t o.f.f aG a.foresa.irt., th9.1 •. n.,,d t}}ore _f'c.lo.r4ouc)y , ...7ril,j_fu.lly and o.f .hi.s ;;;alic e o.fac:r°f··.:tl1ciu,.;11f~--clid. ·str1.J<.e: 1,enet.rate 111~rt "rnunn the naid John Hockins in ar,d ur,on the ti-'.it.;h o ::- :rie r i 6 :ht _J_{)g o.r l1ir:: 1 t:ie qg_id John F c£Kin$: .:,_;:;. ,;:.ri.3"' to·· lil:n'~ the; Caicl Jor.r, Hoskins} tL ,n and t. ere, ~·.ritl, the Gho t ai'are· · ., · · .. "' ... .... ..._ .... .,. • ~ · " 0 aid ' ..... , ~o. o.s. a.f or·esaid di sch, i.'ged. a1:d ..rJh0.t ..or, · u t,---of' he- iJHn -a:for'esa-1. , by the said Af:".o:; •ra1 arc in anr' Ul•Oll tlle t} igh o.r t H) :rieht lei3 of hiTll: the .saitl Jo::-1 LloD'~ins, oHe rt.ortal ·'l"t...nd. •Of' which ~m-id rr.ortal wo·..:.rni re, the :::aid Jo 1 Hos;.<_in:::, fro,r. t 1e ;:rn.id 0Ot'-1 dav of ?,1.'1v1804 to ~l1u / .2, ~ day Qf _. . v . .. _ .., 1904: in the 0mm ty ai'nres-aid, d :;..d l' mi • : ,L _- ln.ng,tishinz: did live_. on , hiq~ said / ~f_ dR.y 0 l .~...,,....d:.~::::'.:t, . .. . . . _, ~,JO 1, th 0- b clIIJ John Hos':inn, in the County a.roresnid., of the r..::1td ,1ortal wound: <1:Lod; a 1d ..;c tnu _juro!.s .~fo_resaid_. ~ •.uon .1,oir.._gaJJs a.f'oresaj_dJ now say tho.t the said Amos "'"allace, him tho said ,John Hos1<.ins in the :nanr.er .,j,l by the r:.eana arores:ii,i, :feloniously_, . :iil_l:fn,l::J..y.,. nnri o.f llin rr.ulice o.f a.i'orethi:>ue;ht, dld kill and murder,; QI '• (t_r;aillst f/1(:peace and dig11ityof tlze Ccmmo11lcealtll of / 'ir,(Jillia. eourt a11dsent to tlte Orand Jur11to gire ezJidence. , Clerk. �II \1 )> :::0 l'T1 CD - '-.. _,. I !I V ____ ,........___.._ __ ..., -s "" "' "' l~ ~ ·..,-. -~ ~ ~~ C I I ,9 :r. ~~ -i ... r r t -n 0 I ,, -~ ~ ~]~ ~- ~ ~ .:;- C ;,:: > . ~. - , ~~~~--...-......::... --- �,/ ��~ ffiP~. )ZL. J-lq- ff <fa;;Mi', ,d_ d''{ ) I ,,,~ , , ~7 II._.._.~. ,:,-,,L A- ~ :?-2~ �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1904 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Amos Wallace Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony attempted murder. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Attempted Murder Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_003_046 Hoskins Wallace https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_005_138-commonwealth-v-james-crawford.pdf f3fbd98f7679755c50b66e5f2aa8cf20 PDF Text Text i'='?····1~~ ~lf_{p{Y~ L 1,. J.ff.L4~~ p_,.,... ../4.111...~-L _) kr~ If_ 6 ~ 'f hpt4.._ ¥. lh-~ J-fJ_J.~~ t,Jf~1~ 1 Jr ~ 4 _ b tnr1~ ��NEWS•RHEGISTER, ARRISOf\ ' . URG, VA, lr ARREST WARRANT. COMMONWEALTHOF VIRGINIA, ROCKINGHAMCOUNTY, 1 TO-WIT: '7 To . ..1,,.1'..~ WHEREAS,. fit . II ~_,,_ :·· .•.._ .. ··;;;--·--···· ····~·-•··7~ ..d.~f:4./L; complaint and information ... ()':'~ /" ............................. , a Constable of said County: . ............................................. of the said county, has this ..t-.f.J/~........ ..a Justice H.~ on oath before me, . . ~-L,_,.(_, .~ -=:_-:-,rI'if:!' '2'J.-v, f~ of the said county, on the ....... ~.~·············day of the said county, that .············· ............................. 190.?......., in the said L,.1.. of .... day made county, did ~~Fl--~~ ~/:.,,:;~~ •• ~f:5?± t... ··.,.·~ ..·.·.·. t1t~,,~~~:L /~ ··'.,;- ,,. =~ ... .. d.,.~ .. ..,L r" ,I,, ./, ... r."o/J:• ,L,. L.. ··~ 6.......... ...~. . , .J. These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, £ ";J > , ~~.-·.~.·.,·.·.··.·.·.·:v1· .,........................ ~ ... 1..7.../.'.j ~~ ;'··'··' to command •• you forthwith !_ ,,,. to apprehend and bring before me, or some other Justice of the said County, the body of the said ~ ~ to anU,'~n,d7~d~~n~t:ia>~;, ~o~ a,e_,O""ffe tosummo ... ....... ... ~f-~·····gf················································••·••···································· ·····················\·.····························· to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth, on the examination touching the said offence. ~ Given under 't.................... day oL~~···················, my hand and seal this ........ in the year 19of........... . ............................ 1-~ ..f.~ ................ ............................ .]. P. [SEAL.] �T • Commonwealth vs. kA 1 } Arrest Warrant. ~~ I t I Executed arresting the wit/1in and warrant delivering by the bod1' of ·······-··················'·-···-·'............. before ........ a justice if Rockingham County and by summoning t/1e witltiu 11amed ,,·itnesses in person, this .... ( ' ....day of .... I Constable of Rockingham County. �T • ~· w:d_, ~ I.ill~ A. l.wv.) ~t,;;J: ~ A~Jz r tu ,,. . . ,J; I ~~ . ifr. ~ - (I It M tu,{} ( I .rt, ~ ~ a �T • �r • �r • I \ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. James Crawford Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony attempted murder. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Attempted Murder Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_005_138 Crawford Shifflett https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_005_108-commonwealth-v-ad-bertram-and-thomas-p-yager.pdf 55353b0201a234b35b72447c8ee44cf7 PDF Text Text .. . . . T • �f • �.· ' . COMMONWEALTH ROCKINGHAM These OF VIRGINIA, } TO-WI'r: COUNTY, are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to appeac befo<e me, o, some othe, Justice of the sa;d County, the t~;~,~~~::;i,:~!e~d~i~e~:;~~~ to appear and give evidence to command to summon said.j.,(i),~t;,,~ Cv!r'J~~cr,::qo~:~?e~to m behalf of the Commonwealth, Given unde, my hand aod seal this.... on the examination 2..ll t\v......... day of . ~ 9tMitUJ~~ NEWS-REGISTER PRINT HARRISONBURG VA you forthwith touching . su~moa the said offence. .............in the yea, ,906. ...}.p [SEAL.] ��.· r • COMMONWEALTH ROCKINGHAM OF VIRGINIA, } • TO-WIT: COUNTY, • To the Sheriff or any Constable o.f said County : ....of the said county, has this day made ... ... .......a Justice ' These are therefore, of the said county, ' in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to command to appeac before me, oc some othe< Justice of the said Conn ty, the said you forthwith and give evidence NEWS-REGISTER PRINT HARRISONBURG VA .su~1: in behalf of the Commonwealth, Given nnde, my hand and seal this .... to summon .C,. ~Bi.J:"<MM,/ (,,,\~ ~ ~I) :::~~w°:t;~i:-~:::··~e·;a!;;:~t~~···~~i~g~·la1:·~tac~eto to appear that 2,_'{\\,;" ....... ~ay on the examination of ~ ~mfilll~~~ .. touching the said offence. .................... m the yeac ,906 (, �______, ,, 'i . \ly tt'~ =1 ~ at~ - ~ -3 ~ cfl. c3 l1 ~ \ ~ .. "~ -1 ~ ~\ ~ �.., T • .. .' OFFICE OF THE CLERK §upn'ntt <.!!oud .nf .i\w.ea.15 :0f lltirgium, Ai..EXANDER W. MAY, CLERK. :§ taunt.on:-,1!r a:. November This to is trrun, the Supreme Court error and supersede as inr,ham county, ct.tior. by demeanor, ficient ir. the law to security, on thA petition on the day aLainst cl?rk said s~all 1 s office of One Hund.red Dollars di rec ts. Teste: To the clerk of the court of Rockingham circllit Co. Va. has of June, enter 1907, ir.to of the ($100.UO), 190?. A. D. B r- a writ awarded A. D. Bertram, said in a prose- :'or a. mis- Circuit condition!'!d st.f- Court, as the ~ =~/ ~. of of Rock- bonL.., with a6;v,~ay l _,- -;k_g.:l of thA Ci.rcui t Court of 10th petitionec in the of Virginia a juJ.gment Commonweal th the that of Appi=ials nmdered provid<>ci thP. pena.lty certify 21, �• ' r .. .... ... . �J:,3_ () M ..C:~.«<t~t21J cf~A To 1906( ...........T O •••.. c.o t/ 6: .2 ~ ~ ..wf/ ........................................ . SHERIFF OF ROCKIN k~~····· AM COUNTY, Dr. ....... ..... Executed ..on Mfj/~7·············· ·············· Received Payment. $.(,) .................. . .... J._A. _SWITZER,_Sheriff _Rockingham_County. ___ ��Received Payment. ,l..,.../} $J./.........~ ......... ....J..A .. SWITZER,.Sheriff .Rockingham. 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December, The Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia at Richmond certifies the following order in words and figures following, viz: VIRGINIA: In the Supreme Court of Appeals, held on Thursday, in the City of Richmond, ber, 1908. A. D. Bertram at the Libro.ry Building the 19th day of Novem- in Srror - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Plaintiff ~ainst The Con,monweal th of Virginia. - - - - - - in ~rror Defendant Upon a. writ of error and supers"lu."'as to a jud,.ment renby the Circuit Coi....rt of Rockin 0 ham county on the 10th day of June, 1907. dered 'J_'his caus13, sion at Staunton, place of' session; court havin,; judgment having th is maturely aforesaid s1.,n.ted in writing tr:P said ~udgment. and that the dollars which is pending in been fully heaz·d day c ar.1e !-~ere the consider~d the and argt.ruents and f'il7.1d with defendant damae:;E>s, ond It is therefore in error also this her court out not parties is the that costs by of h ,r that and r~co1-d t e plaintiff eJ\.'J)ended about said the of the for tl en:~ is the of ses- at of opinion, of couns~l, r~cover place determined of tr-e considered its by col.ms el, transcript record, at r~asons no error sarn9 be in error her in affirmed, thirty def.::•nce herein. to be entered in the ord.,~r book here and forthWhich is ordered certified «£rli:£::ieli;xtog~ther with a certifiea. copy of the opinion in this cause, to the clerk of this court at Staunton, who will ~nter this order in the ord"lr book thP.re and certify it to the said Circuit Court. A Copy, Teste: H.Stewart Jones, C.C. Defendant in Error's 0 costs at Richmond, $1. 77 0 A Copy, T~ste: with Defendant in Error's costs in the Supr9rne Coi.;.rt of App<Sals: Attorney's fee - - - - - -$20.00 Costs at Richmond - 1.77 Total ----$:21.'7'1 Teste: d a/4,-..,,(4<,U(;r �. ' . ..' .. ' . .. . �.. • T vs J f.p~ ~~ ~ IP~ _ _ ~, ~--- " ,___ __ 11,fv.,6 · ��T • Vs). C-P EX ~"~?TIOH BILL co:,1:. ..onvrn1.lth, of the trodi1ced in a~ relFttee i1.:poser.L Ui,or, ,ii. no :pell'llty with -'-.he ,:,ecor.cl bill 9.s t 0·1_:;"lf'1J.lly the , xc· F·ion declinen his ,,hereof' J·-r .e, lJO exc,..,: tre bottle t.101 .is r' s11id r:1otion pharmacist, The ~aid 'ln,-l is bill in- on th~ g:i:-0·1nds that t.he Act. s, the the here to be ..1nrl the t,1h,rd testir1onr d.t:!•;l'.', of cl ta}::.en of ex,::3_.,tiorn=:, and. fa::.~ ms Lart .. the of' e'{cei.1tio oi:' t 1:orLter.ts of acid, 1):r o t int to F.rhioh q~t.ion f'i:rs t bil:.. 1,arie · Part of ··Iritten to ~r~nt so of::'e:rer:., of al:i.. of a re,..,.iste. no I. co 1Y.'t i,o excl11fe +,1t~ evirtP-i1<:" 'hein3: cqrbolic iR is to ,ro. ';j o:P. +,he co trt in 0VtLrulli1.r; R';tlc,. i..otion , may be ~i_:),'"'c', r-rn-ler~ qnci em ollt~d rc;e:.o:C'ri., "! _ic:11 iR aci:c.rr•r1.1nr,;l;r rio1 e, this~ nnd ~a:r • '• �' . �' . Co 1.cn,·; A. ·1 l th D. Bertr1.rn. BE IT HEI liLB ~•L,D t!1'{ t npon Virgini;:i., -- a trial jn:r:•y havin3 by thd ~J~i~in1 Coi.1.nty, +,he the testir.,o offe!'ed Coi of a Justice -fol_o-r.;ing of th9 after 8.rQ.L"Ile1.ts (Here copy r-;-~ic, r'i.t:f'ep_r~~nt, the -follo,,;-in.3 ~111 of' tht) the thi. C3.Be before the sa11:e 11aving of th0 Peace part on it, issue of said 0 1 ·.,., ~- cr1 ffitneq~es: 1)eini:; To r,hich the ~ testinorw This on bot"h sid0s, t of b•~•,n ':·.iV8<i. ,·r.onweal th to ri--1intain y of the th8 tri3.l ::i tnes~es: testimony . o:f co:u1-wl, jur\~;r .ent the action of by 0our1<rnl, Jourt oojected :to t .e court J))L1i t. terl. the co11]~t of the tl.)on co 1rt. ) 1 in ente:?. in.:; sair: 0 upon ta:dn~ t·.P i:·ound j .v·:.;uent tha the �> ..' �r • same --...as errone01 anrl pr1:red. i=;e3.lwl t.1 r-i_r,r_ ·t t s bec-::1:1,P- ~;ontr-!lr.T +,o tri, tr 1 L enrollt,d hiR lri.w ann the 1:vj_r~e1Le, anr:i. tri.e ce::r:ti fie?.. te o~· t 11e dVirlJmce st:3r;or.r: bilJ. of' e"c ~_J+lonsA L,r y be signvi, anrl I.'.'.a,..~e a p::irt of' the :!'ecord, ·:.hich is f;. if3 ue;c;o:rdi1c;l_r rlone thi.-~·dqy of J1ne, 1907. seal. ) �.· T • �f • In tho Co, .r on ➔ al Circni t Jourt f "ockinc;lH . Count .• t;h Vr,). ,., '' .. V j . • GJo. ,i. Con,•r..3, :nq., Jttff' ,, :u.1.' the Co;·. ,omr ,al th; "tnrl 1~a )1 • :. • ...., • C:ui[;c, 1, Attorney .,..0• AsrJoci· tion. AP S. c....;: I b 1 Yr;',, ,, .., ·, r;i ,".'\ ~ Vi ·.;Lii Hn:r:.r-ic, Att,orn~~'fl i .,.(J' rta.:i.acJ,ttie,,41 nl 1.1t, :cs ..?:J.. ....ipt:, D}:'°1,nlir.t. m101~n, on exw ina t:L(,n fo1: tlw '1' • ~, C.•1 o,,_.. ., nt yir~)rwnt Co l~:~·t;, ir1 ,h lfj con 1ty? Y,; , , , :sq.' H. ' •• BC7.'tJ"'clJ 1.' B. STRICJ:L. :R, bt3ine; duly A Q A .lJ t, fli ·-•, I :lo a st1.· t,nt nt th.; Bri cc :;,t ,r �r • .' i ,. �' . ( S.B.Strickler.) --8-- Q Have you the paclage A and labeled Car. with you? ( .i.'odncin[: ..,ot tle. Yee~, ni!'. Aci 11 or bottle , poison. ) 11 I bonl,ilt the cleJ'k, Q you Rf't Lm:is This !)1 cltRr{t1n. inG carbolic r an. ~rnn re 1·,h0 border tlle c~bolic < r,oison, ho put cir ·1,w on l y put ? YAfJ, oir. A store r:hic -r it. and. label., ono lnbel ,r ;on A indicat ..,tultz, thrtt acid, The clevk took the i:_ • Bertram think put Arn:i:e1· obi .,ctrv TH1~COi-n'I': no you ~ean nir~ t,ak ,n <lmm :f:Pom the bottle to it tlw. t label on? tllf.) bnc · p1u•t of on ll . oolf; I ni1 ttw n t mu•e. t;o cy nef<m-lant • n Coum-1,1. tho lab that slwlf, 01· wlir:m th, \!as la nled 1 rn.:i on ·,m1~nthi:; 1-ott,le bot tl -5.,liVt) Han •·~ 1 to you? A Tu ., bot, tl~ TH'J CO 'TIT: A Q It Did you seo 1ro, :1i::i', rn.R it A It son it J>Ut on thf} bottle. cai::e into :rour r> Gseqsi n? nir. on t.r1v ottle uilfln it u11.q ta1~en don f'rv, tne .... r o.lf? f-:ro.~ tlte nhc:lf? ·To, nir. \:w~ put A Yes, Q I 1·,1 not w s d 11 i ver.v·· to 1:-.e. p t on tho ,. ottlo? tti,., lnbol on 1;he bot tJ.e when it A Yes, ?.9 vmon it ··!ho too on tlw bottle after it ~ras taken ni::.-. it "f:.•o,· tt10 Al1elf, L~. Bertran o • the cle:r~l~? �.: I t, . \ ' �-- ------- ' . c~.u.:trickler.) w ,1 --~-- ta t•• n fi'o . A snt,lf iJtf~ I · Wt s the not, 0 until it ·,:rm 'elivc: ..,.l to _rou? TlOH. bot tl s xpnlie by you, 0- 1t WH.8 SU )!)lip, l at tho nto • .,? before it. ·,; Q ,.,r?.'J ,::ixnibite c the to ~bolic C ~ro\? put ~Jid t into J bottl0 \itt.Jl',, <t the ti no .rou bou<.:,nt it? It A in t. e bottle \;as put at t.u, t 1 ..• e I on-ttt it, I a . nro. I nay it ;hethor Q f'"o,· t in it, stf:l te hod Just 11.; r:11 ,lf rn l < Q Q T! r .,, contai })J"en .ine ,nt to .rou. •,:l 1,1 carbolic i ~ cm?bo.J.ic acid. Yw·, A sir; I )o .ron ..'er .or:b , r A Niclcel, bottle .r.it1r Sfl'I :1 , t I t11ink. it and hai h . r;ot the ~ron 1mi i 1t fil - ad? ei.!)t.Y acl·l t, }~en f •o, 1 the Tlle el err· r;ot, rm ,!"rpty tot t,le an l zu ·t it, filll, He ,..,ot, t;.n A t 1e :ft ,r o:i.• .ran a hot tlc A not .. pm. "A'l or 1)0 ,tlo. l :o:... �, . . ' JI I• ., �T • You ntnt./ t.1R '! P, u:r th· r; pn:.•c,Lttfh, ncicl? ~inir to buy tt. b~ Or.,:~ ! • +,, objr·cticn du: ..ll'l .r Von liav . Ob r:;i,, , , lnu \j ll1~·-::F •y to ) l lie !) ). icy; .,1~~tri.in.,tl rm. J.'C ➔')t,ic-n ::-wt,)' . .('o~ 1. .JJt .. t,o · t.h, t :ruu ~ laced o. thL · · ot tl , t tl, · Actw, tr. ,lf ·j t•,~ ,.lCPJant; ':n ·1t,~.::..-l (l, .. nrl ,.; tion notf,'l. .("or tho '~vf :n 1.cl~1t. 0 1:.·cf'f)_)- �I ¥, I • T .... • �, I • -r -- -- ----- • . ' ( s . B • st r i ci 1 nr • ) XQ o..1!)lo:red --6-- Strir, {r. bY' t ·1 )_, ir; 1 t not a fact Boarn. o-r 10 hrL. part n o:f tlli s Con. ,om:Aa.l th o:f' _ har1..ac •.nd ns inc; di l . on visit 1).,~u 11untly i?rfor112\tion of the:rn 1n·rcl!· .nu c .:ebolic a-;id in ocJ':Ln._:11 ..~. cour,ty 011 on• t kn , -; • I XQ Did you not ko .,p a ::?ccor A Onl~' XQ How r.amr 1)1.ll' 0 1 1'l SP-S ria, t fl. t; niBr-ion? A the btain you ? XQ Ho:r :-mny :1tm·os tl1is ,acy to tnat o:f thin GnLe bm.;ine'rn, thos.., tli. t;h Vl ,r0, t I of the purG n:,•eA _.re of t1 OB-. 'J!' A I A An0n~ta, t 1; • stores .r.,.,I. at • · ;h; C,l :rou .. .... le ( o: r · o: P w.~. .acy? H'S. ...,h.,mm· nh, Loudoun, Hou 1mm' A ,.,1 O' 0 visited? character? 11ni F::..i1!:fnx. X, sto:_ es yo.t :on I t rt1: ,ct-:1bnr , , t ...11. i•ince ...L11·w ..., Alexar- �r • �---- ------------------------- - L f • ( S.B.Ctrickl ,r.) --0-- XQ Boar,1 cf on ha-ri r~cy 1r:· th r , ch convict; XQ \'110 contr J;t co. ponmlt ion for t,1is serv lee? i.on? :!?i-!}):•!0H .ntA t tnin Bo:l!'(~ {J'f Ph in fl' •. ucy 1... 1} ll 1g thln ',:i ·11 :rou? Obj ,ct:Lcn; XQ ~r::,u-tC! your '< ar3 A tlliB I saVu•;r, nod; sucta expenses )XCt:pt em i n :-OJ? d.f;f'=mrl co._!.ission nt. :pai i to ;'OU? on I t J-:.now th 1ti ,i:1 n2.l. XQ lb.Ve, :roa 2•,1cr, Lvod nn: tn.L11.~o. the rosnl t of pt=m'lL g !L'ocet)c~inl.,s; that .r: ,1mt u. i~i a fact, cvl v.iutions? io it not? �'t. •I �' . ( s.B ....trickl .,r.) --7-- A Yer,, sir. gs that XQ Has he o"f Pllr BCPJ."c XQ to the thiu trh Yes, cnrbolie ar:i'~ v!l1.icl1 ,, u po•3i t;ion in connection :i th the bottle nft uau -,1, tate n r ir si , •• yon f'irr.t ou s1-1i. t at bottle A aftd,, Put ced in Vii t.h n rod bor .0..:- ·:1nr, a ttaohud label tl.0 ,. it 1 ,n content : ~-o yon Jc.no:, ·rht.,n 7ar. rmt on th0 l)ot tle? on it A In the A , 0) si1•. R,tY that XQ You Ree thin !'OH p re}: ce ·.,l r , 1':n.r· i,; A tlle in n box he:1•,3 at : .:•. /,vis• s. it, any 0:1:f'icial ottie-r• lr.tbAl X o '."Ii t '.'OH :Mac.r? A XQ :ept J A XQ -;rJrn.t ·.i ,' 011, ~rou pnrchaned t,~10 pnt r0aJ. on? YOH ~itf)::.'C I . ,1 it. t>m?t of' ; '1•. B.,rtrn:1 4 No, si:i•. XQ Di,l you seo '1f3.f _ purcnas \laS c:: nto:!'e. not? about ·,~ Bertran '- 1 put the centre that of t.Hc 1:.:-bel on that ntoi e. bottl ? �" �' . (S.B.~tricl:l, •.) A () :.r. liqui,1 --8-- I lmo. Stric poured xr le~, into Ir.UC! iir A Five :'Ull n •t sai --- hav 1,hf-n.>e. thr1t ~·01t •ri. • t. ~r01 ii<":. n<,t i,ec t~ 1 <iirl. ,.,, bu:,, ,..... vtri~}'l in t,h·1.t bot tl1;? ,1', lOl't.tl. bol;tlo? i [, t,]W 1•0 .. e .1:,cr ;h 1t wr ;:i th t.lrn contontu it :9onred \UlB f'l.tll Ye:=-:, ,.Jir, 1 :rmt in I in it fW sir? Yot' nt.atr, i not. o ,11:t bot t.l an ori , inal ~ ~ ,.c}:r...::;e · t? XQ Hon · 1) yo contents ~ c;a:!.'i i;h•,t? no yon kn : o:r !'Oi.tr cdJ..'tain l::rw..10 iJ'C tlwt. A X· YOH c~)nt,r3 : 1h0n :on bou.;t t the I bAliOYt~ : o:l wan not labele 1 l' t)i J-.o-:; n ,( r xr ottle Yes, I you have th·1t, A A wn'3 rr11, on bac}. it SR; .But, at- how cc1n ~,on w: :'Oll t.int T kno.: it. Lnow it, !10',7, and ;ou that tne cle •}: 1.L· not that Ur· not t, H t",' uw .,,"!)tY' r,.n: bo(ly une th, f-Jfle it bottle y 1. ,u: not :me labelec.? bottle. t p,it 1i-; on · :hich lab1~l o th,1~e, tl at l bel ·,-:a8 put? . -i t..,• XQ But :,on plain +,o t,w r;on •t: yo,1 ll ve r;: t l t~1,·t ym.i n ; .L1,, <Jlr? L n Jt see t.·1.-., li<1:. ld �r • �r • --9-- poured i.. t the bottle, bottle, 10 no 1, 3.nd +,11:~ t _.JU I i:ant I rlon• t kl A .XQ Di' =:..1 . vOlD.?'. to tul: yo.. i} otll .. :·on (J\! ~ , 1 c..., ,1' not i i· 11:." C t,h, '1H1t is A Q Yt;n, yo 4~ ~ Yoi·, 1!i t. or ;~ot. ,,? .,. .) COT i11. t ('1 ·1cn? :31~.?. Anc. un-11 .ntnth tnLs poison? but-tli3 1:1 u Ri 1~ • r1ri t t .,n Q acid t~ ],n<n, on ~;c? ~. .And dH .. ~'Ol put He.,, .,ir. A A 1,1 nL l,1bcl ucn.J_·t 1w·; t.,:10 it .,no it () iG th 1~0 nc t t, lt) I •...::n.n, .:htc, l·bel, ,1) "!) ir; 1t .. "''Lo: c ,rt 1ic ' T: e 1itn ,f;f, .:fl~' t,Ll-: ,o ,;t .. ,d n, :l. .o. not b.,inc; a Ifn ~. GUIGO f: H, n°Io: Can not ti1nt It iA ae •eed; :ftlG~ uO but in an :!f;I'C:C "'..? I ·.n .1t it to '} anate f-.!.'o. you �r • ' I �r, r • ( Jas. L. Avis.) as proof, ho :o i 1 --10-- and not tir:e -ro:" t,lw s, JAHr.:;:;L. A1 ar; follo cot , as a cone .,r;c;ion -:-_•o. ns. next to ·m of court. ·,;ill !)Ut being duly tJ\rui•n, on exarimttlon ti.rnti:"if,d rn: a drur;c,-ist .Q Yon are an a rt?giatcr"1d plHl naciBt 0 1 trrn Yen, 8i • Q Hon lone A Q llave yon b ,en ensaG ·!c. in bnnin All J a !)lHlr1..nc1 rJt? MY lif'e. wvs b<rnn in the pluu~,_acy bu;--.;inoss Y..on on I t 11ean t,11, t yon A s !"{ a Oh, no, bl t nince I 01,1 \lfW 8Il0ll[;h -- ubont fo::.•ty years. Q I uis!l havA exnr ined that A .rou t1oul its ..xrn .ine co. tcLts it I ar: prcf;i this vial and u110tlll'n' it (.,-ado o:r c~bolic rmt o·,.. i,•tc bOf"Cc:. ancl state contairnj acid ··:h "t. oarbolic E: • .rou acid �r • �( Jan. L. Avie.;.) G-11-- in tm:rJ, ; ti:-, connty, in a 3~ist ,_ -:r pha .1-.acir,t, o,.. not? ~ He i..: not. A Q Carbo1ic Q Is aci'l n !)ror>rietn.r i"' not _, M.e icino, Jf pt .in Avis, in it? it, n dor-,estic I A tlie r,,1. poi..,ons e special lab ,1 thnt man~r st to 1.t8H carbolic his . nn 11· ob;: octe,1 nut, .. ntat n do, And iB not A 0, i:1 dir13ct 1 t(1 to, 3,. b , rmt on a .1 cleac__y acid. becm "'l'i iro, ..;iv' o: f)Vi'l, 1, tis ~•Jt i,:: •er.e nc a "'tat )a ,1mt of lm1 o:r fret. ? I uoul 1 w , s sir, ,01 f]O\ not, ·rn ~ 1 ntry ncic ; tltuY only prohi..bi · llm1 it, r..:onsi e ! t ,1~, to ,lt0 it. I nu.o~or, : J: anmi~,.! st ?ict1:, sal . of cnrbol i an' c aci ,o bP- :101,1 who , 1,hc rm:rclw.:;er ,rants. Q and Y, ; , sir. J ho v.,,ucino? o.,"stic t0 be ymt on cnrbolir, inrr ffJ w -- in clan·~o l in r>h:1.rn.ac:r la.1 a c; a df-:mU_r poiaon, iG r,,quij?e<l Q rer,ody Yon a:r '3 not D ',Jpa1· , t,o sny nrnt floln t,ion o-r so-cal_ed ��r • ( Jan. L. vis.) --1?,-- CDrbolic ii:; contA. oid carbolic t·iir.: i ial, 01' TtHlt puro Of JOH[i in in it? aci A ,;..)ral Ln ►./l Ho, uir: of· carbolic a v ,-ry e;oo<. e ut Its acin.. , de. 7his ta}ze 1 t to bP, n ve"''!r not rmulcl in, ·ic.: tP ':trn.t, 11, i', odor would ·:11at in knoun as corn:.c,..cln is e 'l')l. not f nfl belie acid. . or vn1at no~t XQ A /hat it it is, I believ3 any thing put nd a solution l in a Tru: t qnali ty X fo_ use ;md cf use Y101m f'o o estic ~ That e;rn.rlu -- is1n~ectant exc~~t hro n is l'Ullly , n or inm~!r c, bolic i n o-r 1 t an u solut tion ··ell, of uRo? s. pnrpoA ncicl, It 1hnt o: nci{_; it belie R _ of carbolic p1~posoa aci in the in \l LLt :ror o to ma o 1r; · 1hy 1•1-:ir:trict i. ,ns ~re n i .~1-,•y t i ifl not it, ir. it if ~0111 rot on woun s. ,fl. ;wj.d, 1 net t,1ie,1t in1l U"I) .a- nr,n or b , nt. noflio;11t,'~- c- _ 1-·ntL• ,ly or}, y of' a cii~i11f .,ct .nt, is ruu· ve,•y .any tnes, t,11·) l)H 1..:.c, I i , 1, not? , b cauoc X . ), et:i , .r; urHHl --It public t10 ( In aci I an not posinP.'.) it ns inc; you if bolic in it ··~11, O hicll abont. ti1ll~ins if'.3 noij a f1'lct tlH1.t t ere is known as c r.Jr.,rc1nl C" 1H snc;1 R r,r·n. .. holic nr.i for -!' c: d." niJ - :foctants? A T 13r., is . u.ch a er a tno·.,n, it an( L, J:ei.:;ar 01 r.s n vc_ y cl·me .,_ons e;:i..·adoo:f acid. X gra·c X cial" Avis, A Tht t is oT carbolic Is because it dirl it ho fr. ..us an o con, to b0 chll inar!' _,, cm .ercial nar.:e giv .n t aci(? a c eape_ acid. not a f'act, it i. p.ovalent ~- Avis, that inc~ ~erce: it is c,11ec thnt it ucoj ,cr- ·~ ~o ht .n �: .:. �r • (J ,es L •. Avis.) sol1 ir --13-- thJ sto~os? it ing an co1 ·,0 ?cic.l 11 e~ rn•nrlo; _ f' I obonic lly 'be te,. ion. on nv~ ii, If I\;·,· I :0111 ' .enninr; tho to designate t a0id of CO!ui0rrdn.l? n ord.,•- Ln :L.+,icle :r that oan !)U.rf} c·1:~bolic I ask ?on, 00 .e- ci1,.l 11 llGO' 11 0 COL,~ A cinl. II that a cheap- th at I ua to-l J Ylo :i ' '0ni--;nr tc as it, -pure. XQ An CO!. nlr. 1:0, A Is not hon ( i't i,. that e;radP- yon ffr>eak of crn .e to vwrc not it fo tho fact thnt lt i' in .,:!.•ciaJ.l. ? Tl1eJ~, , r1:) s1nrfL'Ul [5'!..'n t wt r:re b9 te::? .. ed es co . <L- 11 11 xn c~ lle But are 0 oi 11 ... th ,y not use, I don't un J3J•:~tmvl it, lie )t Uf:3 .,' - the by th\, ,:1?Atn.ndin..., 1.h~t iu not 1:y nn !)Ublic; vaJ.>ioti,r· it ifJ onn ,r !1 T r:: an by lh·1t t;l1nt it 8.:!. · ;, l'. t,1u1t Tllfl is, so an, v~rd .s? eJ!c i..nl" A in co:"h:on cor:rm·!cial 00· ,h8 ii0J d 11 1 "'l' 1.J1r1t 1·,.1. 0 1a b:, tho<J, •.;\() ., .,J :fa."1i:.i~ ~ ·.:i th HA, o:f i..t. Of Cfll.'bolic acid XQ co, carbolic }~n ·1m a11 1Co i.r .e •cial" -:8 t:iat bolic Is not th., ce of t is th, y arn O 1 :o_.?8 t,:•. ad.,, its~lf acid in-ticn.ttvo o-: ,1n o • t. 10r:c .._,...1ad.ca,.n_ , is o. ~ 10 ly 1rnc< in i , not, th , pt re cot ,Me ~co t;lrnn cnr- nci? h uso, in C":Oi; nun th0 '.,orcl ine; tltat .:.t 11 A co1r,..:(,rci, 1 11 }:noun jme ,: ·ally .o not, ,mnt, t,o b, 1 A.B co1 ii-_ ,J?c1 nn' t-:rr:t.oo al , ci • .n T as nay- ��.., • r .. .' (Jas.L.Avid.) --14-I nn not XQ fact, is it not A i ls 1, ca_ bolic gene ally in trade, ,:•fi: l ·t And it but ·rnd if, a. n us ,d in t,1 n trade I ( ·:i.tt,:·» of trade? r, ,nerally te.?11 knmm, to otn.., 1• applios • t. o :<o· s besides acid. XQ B1 t do . ou kno bot ght a a clleape:;: grade. t, deDiuna t in co1 J1oi·c 80ld llell, :t m: 1 t in ,a, ,ot that _ron how it ankinr; e ,rnl:ir nn<l r.:old in the · rticularly, count/ rno1~chants, '3tores of' th.in an carbolic I r: ,m1, sol :rears ult , tl: )r f'or "l l\ri r, bi=rnn co · Co .om, ,al th, ncid, onl!' anc. in this grF-..cc o • it, thllt by t, w to fai·. ,f:i-•s ..-or co .. t3stic 1..c •cri ..nts th ✓ by it l)llr1)0f:8S? A Cffi'bolic ''ell, acid; bn1, ~ sell I hav) t -<"or -- l nmm tc c' llrn.t ro, 1:h}/ it s0l I ,10 not; l~now any thine , .e,•chr.ntn s 111 :'O about pur:pos ...,r, would you noll XQ For ;mat -that ht,arrny t u ...t. ·,hat grn. c o.,. c,' bolic acid? fo ~ .✓ ly t) A thi gsoi' XQ tlrnt kind. ThPt is a A about acid Iot a co '.j; th.✓ y havin£; used ,• ~ . 1~v1 XO• l _.. to J)rinkle n:-.o ~le arm.me ,on use, but . f' i_ .. c;nlle . _., a !)er son aroun,1 and iu usctl bY it f ho~sos? coi ~nercialcnrbolic s, llrmhous ,n, copq_i')Ools, co ... on trn•~ -:'o_• · t, • n t.1, 001.mtr r? Vi'::.?Y hen r10usen. XQ Do 'i"'O' sprin acid? rn1i_ l hon houn ,s d 01• sen d t o yo ess-pools an a isin:ft,ctant �' . T • I • • • I I .. •' r. �' . (Ja --15-- .L.AV1'3.) rrnulri ~ron s .,TV'l. t,}v.,m t,h t gr'.l.ri"} of A Wel 1, 8.-md th~m th·,t, I miiht om•~ ot11 ,:r e:r:-ad.13. I havH acid XQ B11.t XQ Anrl woulri t,h lt 1~ d•J 3 ie;n ,d t,o A XQ I Thf-lt l)f?r'lon/3 who 'buy 1 t, A lik., th ➔ s~n,t th"3L I mic;ht • cid C'.l!"i'.>Oli<! n9 1 TI)!' -ror 1/hir!h !]tl!'!)098 it t0 0•13:}1t b, 11f31.,ri it 11hi0h 3)11."t'!)OAe to th·1t th·:i t er d➔ ? ~lr!JO<, ()'£' fO!'. i~ ei:m•.,J:"llly !)Ut 1)/ 1 t not? i 'l'ha t rro11l 1l m1Jte rn., In th,, t,o rrnl<e. or 11~•~ri.? 1J., th~ of lJ., th, 1'1 ·vh·lt is ~•JV .,r'11 ernnf3 +.h·-1t ~rg,rl 'lfO llri. a11i<i.? c·1.riJolL, av,)r9.ge :9urcl:aser r;ii k ➔ t placn, f'i):i. f3ta t.,-nn,!'lt tJrn.t I .10111<1not R 1 +, 1~ ra th,Jr of' n rbol to aid wonl(i noulJtfnl Jeno c • wh~th v th1nG .,T ahont ' it. XQ Bat Pharmacy, carbol an i.c · cid h~ i<J o,;n<i.ing :1ns 1 }r that A 1-r he r;r-'113, s g_ aro ind hi<J h..,!l :9:1".'O:f'3<=i ion }lOURe O!"' C -- I . 0111d Y .,9, 91!', rn:i.rir1 known hi~1 conc1~nt:cat ➔ d ~id oith~:t"' s .,n1 him P,tr!)()9f3 ·1 t -- f'ol'.:'mof' :9oison, - om., '3irni1 t~ l l, I ,ton' 1:, -no 1v t 1J. t XQ You w1y now, Hr. Avt , that it. 11!:l~ of' · citi.. p11r~ c rbolirJ I 0onld '3 ·t r th•J rlif' .. .,_,m.,,~ b1,t.i ,,1n !,lU!'~ carbolic th} O!' ,1,3 known thJ 1 ~o.n•! l·m[1;th anrl the t,h'.lt Whi0h cid or is t,h•✓ an ilP.!' th:1 t qu.e tion xsotlY. 1t t,o t ~!"10.e gr'irii:3? A know th so11 O!~ th of :i:-rt. f'or 98-!)00l, 1rou Q1.mrl.him 11ould Bo· ~.l!'!)Of-3.,? comr!-3rci·1l C4!'bolic comm~r0ial in you,.. rli~in:f•JCt:l.nt, You h!iV., ,t.,sJri1Bti _Q morrJ inkl ➔ '39 be 'tl"3erl ~•m rally to th•1 3)1"'3siti.~nt o:f th~ rlr'!1ct~1'3t aJ•il Vvt .,X!)f}rt to to yon -- dri1c;3iCJt you no not _ .tr~ o rbol ic , cirl. is a m0r~ concP-ntra ted. anrt d➔ rUy t,h �·' �r • ... --lG-- carbo li.0 A I A I h~v'n't '3 l.J -+:.h•i 't o:i:-rlin-rri ly Bli~ ti.1 ~ !)ll!'IJ th~t at all. c :fi.d.. who rio not. rto bnsi.ntJ A ' C irl.. THE COU~T: You '3 rli:r,,r,t i th rlr11eci8ts. C rbo 1 i.c U0 id wn,1 lrl �r -- j • f I .' ' • > ' .. ., . _. l ' .' '. ) �(JaiJ.L.Avis. ) --17-- to co! t·1in no thin::; but o :r·bolic c d, hil, m·1ny or +,h., che :!,n v,rill I ch· nge +11t~ A ord II Th· t iIJ1J!'e<->n9. twl 11)11lrt I II d!)tJWi t,o rlilut 11 U)Oll ,r'. 11 ,h t it \ 9 riilut~<l r1 th. It .. () AV aA c,rbolic ~oisonous aoin? g,.. ✓ +, rn , .' !lo· de (ly l)rr:.son, XQ •• Q l)itt H0 Ill1lCh A 'l'hat i :1 woulrl (}0!J9 .,!':.U'J {(.) .l 1, H ,; rra1.,1Y1r.;O_!/!)•n•, 1)1, '3 n a in on~? Io !)Oi :ion. olu":.ion l'i:-_;ht, h O 1l l i +, tnk, 1 to bt) :t:'at, l? a. +,o t ,ll. in 13olution in u d0S . o tlrl b, -f:' tal? 11.i'f'ici .,nt �• . (' I �r • ... (Jas.L.Avis.) fat i.l lrl no 7 OU f~ of' thf, o_ t :for A no, I o t.ld �, I r .J ' J ff . .. r \ , C .. .. I . , I ' r • .' l ,Y .) �--19-- R. HA,{ U : to exclnrL th ·111 or t of' M:~. Avis o rbolie t th, 'l'J .1. ,t of ,h-, o1"3ts? J bmit i-; you:i-.' Honor J13 ,.,, of invine it t·q iR, bJ:m t, OBJ q11ovnb~, 7hO i _ot t,}11} r gi'3- to St,rickl•n'? Our rnot,ion ot i.on 111 'I-) ·f' ·.o tllt-} nont,1-,l'l !'3 of:' t,h•-3 )()t,t,11-3 b.,ine mot10 il motion, th•, r1,.i8,....ibl11, Y0ur } H. H. _.{_I:.:;: Phar, ir <my of' M:i:-. St,:i•.i_nl(l .,r · nd so !.n0h in- r :rn lI" ~ J~•~l:ltA~ THJ COIJ{T: tion ~ ai:, b,}:nz ·cirl, -:v1i<i or th, r rlo ,1 u:por, thu ~ :> not irl,,8 L, l!1 tl1• J t, · 11. thg, t -t)1., _Jr0hihi ti0n :tn �.. ' . T ' �f • --P.0-Y~). , 9ir; _ • c:,I :;.]: i~ bru tum :fulmf:}n 18 om:- _ o~ition. it TJ~STl .iONY ON BEHAL:!-,o:i; Dhli'J~=JJ. rT. 1J.t iB yo,ll' ()ccu ..x1tion? A I am H 1Vf-} you oo h v., you 0onliuct•J s1:.o , in Q disinf nt. oo,mty? Roe1<.ingh·u Q '.i ffit3l'Ch uct Al a bn1:1in 88 th a nmnbt3r of !'~ rs, for t 18 r th ,r 1 re0r th 1- :eg~ conntry 01· not, 1t001<.inehm.a co nty? can you s ctant, 11 t,h•-3 i y of . 9rinkline; of hr:!n hons .,1-1 knowl•~de;c. Q And JO ::3aY it :ls ~ ..,n..,r, 1 ly l~t3d, t,o th n h~ <:i , o·f' y0,1r ��--21-A ho11 .,s in ... Y., ,, ',:lr. t,rii n crnnty? A A • 0 , ':l +, hOlJP,, tion? vat lfJTI, bn t only r:'.r:or infe .. 1n·~., C. OS .._B::Al THD C01J3T: nu.?I(; . ff{ Diel I urni ~rqtanrl th. J') l (l!Jl(H)H. jQ �,. .. �--82-- A tion? �.' .' .r .., I . �hBJ'? ,,. ()r ~-. Y ..,s, I I II �f • .) • ,. .\ ,. . 'I • I .' , t. ' �--84-- A cid ,>v ,, yon.-r i1·. �.. ' ' ,. • I ~.., �( A • N • J.horltH, • ) 3.. f'ol 19 --25-- ·1 : Q A ) r ...... ,,. , v rbolio :11i l vt , A I or ro you h1v, obs,rv~d? )u t, 'l. t yo,n• J o~.i~? -- ��--26-Yon till f i.ct. You Q A Q 0 1' A :rr•t:1 -f !'!Il•J:i:, ~rt)11? ~tr. 1~0 1 Y"::,:-:' '=\~~ ..} [ h•1 l t•~V 1 ~·u l :11f·: I oi· ,. _J1 :1r:ks1 1+.:11.1~. 1,1icl. • I n ·:i ml. 1 1l0::l it, ill :t, t,, t1, '1Y 1 f} i , 0D n.r ....,. .fl·t't, · tri n<,rn A on ��('i'.C. Wl ton.) r,. E. .fol lo' H0LS"C0W, sw0rn o 0-<' <i_,.3f~n1rl~•1t, +,,~s+,i-rtvl 1)P,h9.lf ·-t.~ 13 :- Squir, Q n... 8 yon ol~t0n, ::i. f rrn•n· 0:r :{01'3kin;:,;h· m .,o,m+,y tr, you? Y ,. , •,t:,:-. A Q You ltv ➔ A Ytrn, nf:3-r D!i.yt0n, Bir. Do yo,1 k~ ,!J C! ri)O.li0 Q Q.f'}irl 011 yo 1.r !)!''7111, -~ nrl n<:id i+. 'i ikq t,h•lt, a ~rnwly? hou ~•}h0lrl. A Yn,.,, r1ir; rarely R:ir•~ ly A it. 'Ji tho,lt, nev,1· ·1Y th-ity011:-\r•3 Yo Q I h1l.iP, 1 r._~? it? .v11)101+, 1v1t rion t it. A sto k. 1l1en th ht3 . ny etook If' He t.,llB n XQ The vetl3rin ext it, XQ vhick1,n h011s .,s, oou11. not I o T}1 vfi The COU.T: ry mak ,CJ ,,,... ·my thi.n~ -- on•3 of' t,h,3 . i!' ~t +,hinGS thR. t, i ,'? to mak,, At<Mk sol1tion of' a solntion o-r 0arboli0 1;• 0in.. _.·hol irJ a1;irt. no _rou lly? ,I'D: You. h A coops? -- veter in ry conv3s to . J .r''·'tnt. p_;ly hurt eP,t~ V, 1lFH~<i. i a9 a rJillf3dY for ho~ rli t}>-l.':1,S rnl arJ()1lt .o.? t is O!M of' th,3 t, 'rling~ t,ha t, T,'(IJ l;/i.:fP. thinks W'? thou t. You :?.)llt it in 1hit v:1•3h to :'ifhitJV7 81 chi~k,}n ��l.) J::.C.i{OlAtO --28-A fol lo it Put in thH lii/'Ft~r +,o w· !"lh on yr)i +ht, ,_,'11.ick,ni:1. 19; Q 1)<) yo, 11\,, ~ ,~ · ,:i:1)0 lie (, i.<i tr ;_:,~,~l.~, ~9? v~•,. J Gir. - Q no yr; I J 1<!10'' .,r,,,.3 t,ht-;_r• it i <3 '1 cor l!' 0n !1011 •~h0ln_ !' ,lli•YiY in �..' ' ( .. . I �--29-mon honsi➔ holri r ,m,, Oin• ,mn.F:rq+,J.rvlinc; rt,• d at th., n.,xt +,erm aA or 1 •wirHncP, ri~l is that th>-3 1J11id•.,. ce ·ver•A on tric 1 t that tiu.,. !'3ti. lq+,ion, but .. rM eo1irt. TH"~ cou,t'r: (J..A I +,}lin t,ni'"' iR :J. I 9.tt, ,l' <1:f rni,:3'1~r::.,m1 yon c·1n m1 ed B pro 'uc .,ri or lly in co trt, nri th .,2~1} ·;11 l 1:>0 not,rJ.L:; fo-r• t , �' .J ,· �( --30-- rn0+,ion t,o !'~i..rnmt~J in ~tril<, rriti.rc;, 0·1t, -t)H •!' l- -1:i::i:c-:t, •~;1cr•, .!11 •;,1 W•! nx!),: 1 :t .!t' .t·•1:::J1y. ,·ill 'I :ro, t" mthuit ��In Co,, 0n th•-:1 <Ji.. , tit, . r, 011-r:-t o·i o ,king mm. 13 1th Thoma P. YagP-r. t·1 • .ri1l of' t, is e th, th of mu , 1 o ., ',11 • t +,1 iOH., J hot h th1i t , t . . s d rt;f,nc 1, in- ;,in y th, t J~ti. ,on. .i~ t., h, 1 nt 1~ no ,.. sa 1. ,) ,Q ,v for • is id, f'm ml i 0 ,Vi . i t,ll ten ,r tb l the }Qf 11 ~-1id , +o <l ,f hi ir hi c ti hi : . i c , '1 ')ill irl .iot on . t n, in n o t,r co trt , 0 But in o J m cJ, ') 1r t 11, in.., s- i lil otion ,1, ion~ rnav b , / or , 1111 :f'o:r • mi n+, 'JY 11 or n thi t ~ " thi, l' 07. ( ,·"' ''1.1. ) t ��I co Cire 1i t r. ~ t, .on Jalth V t: } P ~ ). BILL OF BXC~PTIOJ B th Hon. , u. • Vtrginia, n b, 1 d county, the t1 t 1uon t E J th, C t.1 1 r th, .' jl lt to ion of' i t u tri:tl <Jirm. it 00 vin~ y h rL,.,i .on l h, Jurl...,., of' o-r t i. n t lJ. b ,.,n l iv 1. Ji1 II. o. , C b,,:f >. f8 c nnty, of' t oe rine h J th, 0 th., 0 l e C8 it .. rt i l F 0 o.rf' ,r., t rn q➔ H i, , 1th, ) ,ing t t.. timony o ~ .....,,: ,, · 11 of' y tb., on hi · int in .,h , on bot ,,ir , , im... o ,on idl3r . j rt .,r r . · rt u .,11, 1.., J_ t irno y .)t. ) , '~ t:ranscr tiJ , my .ittA' coun 1, ·1.11rl re;u.1 .1 t , Co I- - ' T'- , 0 t11; co trt <)() ll't n.:..,on t ~inr, n ,:,:1,d tl1 1·0 L1.o1- <ig ent; , t t1 C ,• , Y' OU.l 11 ourt in nt 0 ,!' on th, -.t,.) ,.,. .ir j .... .., o 1_ "1 gr mt t ,h ��! ~ l.11 t: coll'tr,1ry t al , is , i .rt "nro · ..,c:orr ·rgly l~d r~o 1 hi n thi~J• l, .# n,. ... to th ,:r o.f' ~ JU! d ~ i ,h 1 l~ a- y ---=-J-J ...:;...a._•-=;..~...::-=....--- .. S , 1. ) ��co IJ .o 1'/ V : l l th ). 1807. 1~. ,()}1·,·, ')1f}tl+,"t; (}'}. r:;o. ,.,~ •\rl'l A t ·v)"r_•-- V (' I • : A~•w., i. t t ton. APP-:--~A.•{Al'()~fl: H. ·'l. R !l'tr~ .b•"J'°L1, .. . ,... ,) , 11 , C, I T. P. A I , i.11. t 'J ~ p A. I., r l _..' L l i_ , , ,l •~'3 l•, )·,i, ·•.'n o Q • ., ":t,,+,. ) )'1t.ro () l / l 11t '1 1 ��--2-- M."r:'.y, ., l~:r-'k.. i y3c.:;, Pi A T at, > T• ·• Q On A Q ~hP, P .,n11-I.,9. r J ? , II 1111· t, rlo•J . . 4+.11 'iJ.tY yP,q, tor 1~ I !" ~- • 11i~~tion. IIJ,lQ 0-f '-" f' 1:t •:;t ! . !''' 9i .·• iFl in tht~ .,I) 1 '1 Y, i) 11, n0t7 �I . .. 'J I .. ,. r ; I ' J 'I. r • ' ' r �( S. B. St .. i11kln:r. ) --.'3-- • · ,liv ,'i. '.r; _rou? A q Y•, i, Anri th, 111'. •1-t.o ·,,? A \.Q "r, .. ~ Y0,1. s 1.Y l I) t, 1 l t, . i' ( ~lli. V )1'.l ,l. t f t 1 ·~ ',() +J ') ) t +,. ·3 f'1 l 1•~r '? -i. t_•. :0, Di 1 A bO .., •.1 1i y~~, A ., !"rl+,("" -::; TM ,10n Vq: tf'l 1'":; ! ~ir. J J. ,. () -'- ... Dirl A • n... Yo1 -A y-011 I hi1!1 )~!} .: rr,, 11~;.:_li V..:.' - } ·p } . .. '"'-- t ,t, v ' t:11, t,,~. t,i, } iJot, r) ~l.,.)ty :ro u~· ,.·~ -t:,i,1 , ? ,~1 lI''? } .o .'0't l +, , , r- �.. .. �(S.B.Strie}:1,l".) "{ --4-- .. YO' Vi 1 V ·d, t Ari A \:/}ll., . Q .,. n .... ( i., C.L'r)O] .rli ..... (T '-1.CL l. -1- 1,. >r3l l ' .)1 i, 1 ',') i () '1 .. ·1 t ' .1 ·1 ' t )ljll ),11? l {, r l : i ") 'iJ l .."',, .. 't) + ,_ > :)1 .. ...1 ~·. "( - !I ~ ) - . ,n I ro 1 1 n :·q T r - - 'i I q , Di1l i1•1 A ;: J ✓ :... ,-, !i 1 h· A 1'11 i. }1 l ·•.{") t-}l ,~ir I <1 If f ,,.. .r 'l' , , v.L !)t,y i' i.ri • ~ 1, 0 L.rl. L ! t +,t,r,. i. ' ·j_ l 1 ; 11. t '1 1 .... t n ~011.. 0 1) 1 l') ', t t, t, '1 >r li +, h ' ~ .n_r (}f: .., 0 ~ I .L ~; lY ,, ! () 1 I ~! eart: . L 1~0_· ..~? ) n.· J q} ,l' ' _)t,y . ,, l). ;r • 10+, l' 1 ot, :1 . .. } ~ .. .r ~ .. ' 0 I +·· ,, L l J, L, 1 .id •? '. i f!. n t 1_ .,<l t,1+,o ;rotr i. ( 1n0 .,J! 3.0·r ) ,L , ~t. h} 1 1.Le:: t A ,~ ·~ L I h·. . t, .>---. ,. (), ' 1-, ii ·' • t 'J~L~... I A . it. 0} .i:· 1' ___ ,,., !' yO'l J ·-:cl'~ •,o •1 :L_,• Ill' l U"'"t\_,-jil qt ..• , ) r ' ? i< h rt rio 1 rnl ~/ 1)11 " 1 :mY:,y V ( Jt)ll v~}...' A :Q 1-111 ,..,l""~ vi· l. } ��__ r. __ :::i,".? A I !+, ')(. 01)~~ l.1"j ·1') OlJj•~-;t, i.Oz r> , Ln0 '1'l'~t, l _,,>1ic_r; .o-r:tl' .t.'.l.'Y -t,o :).r,L.'! .xri•~l) 1.:~or. 110 t ~d ro:r U, :ct. ·tUl ~--JJ.._1~.qr l ~tJ. OlJJ•''.!t' t.o .. · t°L')r} !101:.•Hi A Y •~.,I r• ••.• ✓ lJV i't) .' 1,11 ! .:'.:.; C 11-,i<-t, )T•:!l' L,~<1, 'tl ~11+,. 1.,_-• I r' ()l 1 + k.10'7 �/ ' , I ' t • J C r I �--6-- !!' of I ar-1 XQ 1' l1' i. _ro l A o· 1.y XQ () }'1' 3 3 of' 1 J : l. ,.,, I 1 ; ..,. : 1.' 1 r1 · •; i:: i10 ; } 1, 11 l ,_ f} tl ~l1·-t1:•lC t, 1• l •)1 ... J1l1'•}11 +,l1,1r.i,. t} f CJ( ' R to r',J3 O! t • ~ i.. ! .'0 t n·? A n l'J_ ) • tfl:•1c t ly. l.,i';1r:'u tL A I n'>. li tr , A co 1nty ·1nr I ,0!1 't t, '?11. r ~ �r • �(S. 11. t,rinkl )1~.) Y' ' ·, ~Q cont··~ ,4 \lh --7-- 1 , r • S t,-,. - ,kl )J'', •1 l t rU. _(()'t ·1 Vt1 \l.l t,rl t,h ��--8-- A JLpt it i.. XQ H R. HA!t:US: H. . GUI/JOJJ: 1rn. f'A~•tIS: You w1n -f c~n . ot +,i1a +, It ➔ .• !)I'f)r)' , 'l.Wi. '·Y•? ~rill f r•+" ::;0 in ~ 1~ n c;r•·~ f:}(1; b tt I .mnt con P,'3, ( q not 0bj •.,ct +,o it. . 01'--3~d.? i +, t0 ion i"'ron it">. ~mant~ f _ 0!:l :ron �.· �--9-JA L.,J L. t,~q,. f 113d Yon Q st~te q b ,ing AVIS, f'ol . 1·1":rn on l-:>,lnl rlnly ( f' +,,L (}orn.o 11,311th, l0v1 ':l q <lrn[';~iwt, ~i i nr~ · ).•111a11ist of' +.1~ :i•,~ ., 1.8+.rn•µ,,;_ !)h of Viretni? A. Ho Q ir. y,3 ~, 1 lt)n~ A All r ·. "·✓ yo r.y I ,i111 or gixt;-t,0 !)harrnacif3t? ':>i.n•~~ a in rnv ::d icty-c;P,00r,t th,1.t ?O,t y,,·ir. in h·,.v~ l)P,•m t,h,1 !J.1arr·. ,!' lJ119tn0Rl':l Y~t~~, A 011, 21rJ1 I "1i<=1nyo, Q H t{UP,? Yoi.1 r'f.on't m,·.n Q •1-r •m:::ng•;<l i.n 11f'l3. '1 1'.'1• t i.!3 1/0' r A 1) l)11t ·ui~ lrl ,n0,t-:;h -- an, st,•!t, ,x·rni.n•J thi.<J vial wo11l, h'1v1-3 ~3x·1rnin,3,t it, I qi.11.,,3 cont,311ts it n l trh 11 ,l"]~ 1in cont i'ort,y ab01t you "/1>-!t,hf,_r C=t!''>Olic ·11".lid or !1')t? A wonlti. th9.t '11-1y Q You Q Int I f'1•or my ~•}rl~::r'-ll kn. Ya':i '1 ~:i:'ari.... , of .r.1,,r:frJ1::J!'of 1:: !):!'')91'1.•mt, i . yo,1 . n t-,hi'1 A Q it ·1.rB · s +, 1 +,,, L L-1 irrl, 1 t.h, i•3 yo, r.· 1)ff:ici.t1 A Q i't ►Jl (JO, n-i:,:, ~.l acid. ,tt'r:,0110 (}'t.Y."boli,~ -- '10!.•! n0nn,,r~+,'L n 1it,ri • .m •r' .1·. 01.1 .-, :r }Ci9"t 1::H'•)ll )h9.Y'!.: I r,eli•W ✓ ? 1.t? 1 0,:- ,!JP, ho1.r cid g:r•-:1.ri.'1. 7orrrl. or Prq}."J3.o~r,I Jt1t,'-:? Ji ,1• ()f' P. '11 t v c;,.... r, l):,i:' o.. P nn- not? H , i c:; n0 t. C· .'b lL, q~icl i~ it.? A i9 v , ll'.,r_o-,~ Jo, f31r. 1Fl not:"' .!'Ol)rir~t r~ I'.1'3rl.tcin,~, ca_Jt, 11.i. Avi~, �• I • ., er l �{J s.L.Avis.) --10-- An•:Jl'i r i objoct•:v:t to, b c:..:.u. } 'l 9 ,,,+,,3~:, ,n+, '>-r law r nrl not n. C1t.t•-::r.1,mt of f'act. bnt "3t t Q 1t 'l 0°,,.-i-..O11~ a, JC\'J ,_; ·,.., 1~ <l -i A N'o, . ir, P!.'~1)8.r., a soli tion, o_ rho lie - cirl iA c:trboli0 . ~iri i"> in I C! .-, ' ~· •, ntqin ,rt in J aciri.. s0ori. :,- tJ+,1•,:t.' of'. .. '31) conqi :f'•_::>"!t., . :.<.J ,i!' tl'li9 vi 1, o:r.~uh ort.or 1 i.t. 1 dffiO nt of !) t."I'.' 1 it? i.e. 1 .,.,._ HL,. ·10,1lr'l not, It9 of' a V n:y ._, -\ 'fh1~ 1r.: what 10 1 11.<l inli.1,.· to t,h-3.t it, ic; kno m .c:; co .. 11Arr.;L1.l i8 CL not rbolic �, ' ,) ,) ,- (' �(J --1.l-- '3.L.Aviq.) Jll, A 7h ..., I 0,111., i + iq, t~ ol 1+,t-:>!1 ')f' it a thro n : ron!Vi tion in XQ f'or a Th1t n orrliwtI'Y · nrl !. .1, on , nris. Th·tt of t;tl'llit!r IJ'i!''bolil'J o~ a.,id, 3.(!id.; might 1 ::1n i~ a.:., ,t, 0 .. b Al u:9 i.nf'l r:i;:1- Jt. 1.lno•1t, ,,n+,i-r• !lY "i•JLnr,.,ct· n , i•J it ,yf 'l , 'i':1Y it ,; y :i:P,c-t,1~1iction9 it to if i +. i~ not fi +, for i.q <l':,Si:?;n•!ri ·1cirl lJ1lJ.'!)0'1•3'.., 111 t, l'Ji.ri, t iq a!1r c·tirn,-3 8 .}!'i0U'3 inj1t:r.f r:'o·• rtorn,,qti0 il'L 'I ..-:1.:r.boJ.i<l or 01rbolic 0lnti0)1 rnd ·1 'JO r~· lly -- Th~t er~- i it not? bee !)Hb lio th) 111'3 1 XQ (Inti3r.•90qt11~) in,'.; l :r01 i .... i t i is }:iri 1vhir;h A no t, :'?l'>'rn rl~ c :i.r.00li0 <!0!n.J • .,"J.'Jill iJifl craf1.~ kno m, Th~:r.•~ i<J '>itch · fo:_,: rti ini' }t1t·1 ts? :i.n1l i +, i':> r -i rd•~ri 1 t 1 a d:tn1311r0it<.. g1.• ti.t} 0-f ill'Jid. v~ry x~ gr· ,, fr. AV18, A 'rh·1t how rlid i!'.3 j11~t of: 0·1r'bo 1 ia J bee . ·Q In it 1 1c-i J 1 t i<J A ine it a'3 not 11 -<:'·ot., t !)r~val➔ nt No, chem O'l lly termed 1 1s ·1n bl-} l']q ord.irnry iHUJ Avi~, ~~h·1i, Ll•}d ._,1 ~n conn~J:!.'(J1.'-ll 'if,ici.? +,,) a c}La!)•}!'.' j :i.. it i'-> c~.:i.lH'l ,rci., 1 11 11 c0u. in -:>ir. c·.r'ljoliJ ! , n hy t,Jl t t:,h·1t, I ·:10i.rl I do,1lrl 1· n+, ✓ rt (l1Jsi..,!u tJ it :, r}h ,a!}'3r a9 !),.ll'e. 9k. y0 "Comr~,rci·:il" ..., to ~f)HL 11 I 001.:r,r-:•:1)1·:11 no tl. And. I XQ it 'l~i,l • if' I '!·rnt,i-3ct yitr, grari.e; mn r.:: rio+J t lki_n,r; I 'l'l COJnl.,,:, ci:1lly? 1 r, h0w r,iri. th :.tt ur <i. yo,.1 A!J·.:·i: of' 1:t' it J 1 1 ➔r•J not :f'o.r thr., f::wt thd.t it r.;01..•J to be :Lfl in 00~...- �, ' ' •' \ '. ... : .. ' I �r • --12-- XQ Dut c 111,,n "Co th'l t :l t by th•~ 1, 10 1,!,:on 1.,or.n ..-3_,!i 11 11 110t l~' ,mr.~rBt·-lnriing th·1 it i'3 0!1•~ 11sA t)Y thos~ u~f'.3, · nrl ·,o ri, r;rad13s? t,llt-} t, C0!ill':., .>ci·:1.111 Ls U~t:.}d 11 ·10r1, tho f'H.rnili·r ..1r•} 1 1it,h +J., of' it. Yo11. h·-1v~ Rt· t vl X'2 '3 XQ n0t Is t,h., o-r thi t•·n·m it~P,lf ~r1-1,1e, or :1r~ mo:r, th<;y .hJ:J.t th~~ ,1 "C')!n 1 : ,r11i ·1l 11 C'3.r1:>0lic krio.'m C0!:1r ....rce th'lt, in !fi£-31'0L11 !) 1 l 1)lil'!; v rieti,CJ cid t,h1~y not 1r0 1'1 ·1 0he'1!)~ inr,_ic·1.+,iv•1 of us d ~:i:-arte of. c !' 1 )olic a'1ict. +.ho'J•~ ~:r:-arl... m, C0!\1'!V)nl.r .... 111 +.ht? 00:.~~on ~rn,i, i 00nrr:11-, .. ne i +, not lR•} in ·1 f 1+, t,h·1n t,11•~ :!,mro c 1.1.'bolic a0irl? th t it is XQ kno1vn g~n~ra l. ly I '1! not C!f3~ing ho it ....,ot t1ut 1 t iB not 8olri c rbolic } 0w i. 1; i., yrm t,:n•rn in <lB, •11111 L, '18 .t rm+, I · J mt-t·~t~:r•0-f' -~l'Jt, t!:',i<lJ? 'J0Jii!'.l':3l''Jl-il 1 t i~ . tr ....,•,ner· l 1-y -no rn, t n1 1 0n 11n•·-1l lY HS ,1. ii +.. •! 1:,Y'a(it3 to a er ~;.t!)~r gr~rle. ·cid. XQ bou~ht in W'31l, A d. ...si~n9. te il~k i.nJ But and <to y0,1 f30lri 1<.r101v 1!1 th~ ;hn th ..;,..>°f'>- y 3ars 9t,0r ...s 0:f' tht9 1 t }1a8 f)<j•rn eornr only r,ornrr.onw~Rlth, and. i11 tJ 1 i<J �l t ' �(Jas.L.Avis. ) --13-- th, cor&!lon.t•nl that r.rr·le of' it, c3.rboli a~11 ~·or -- XQ For no, not I they 1,1h:it . rbolic aq 01 , I n.,·1n, ~01,1 by t11~1m➔:r•r;n·.ff,ta hq,,r~ knm n fI'OL b 1 1t a9 to acid; it co 1nty p· rticul3.rly, by t:,n rt1P,rch·u1ts, Ht:Jll,I A this nri in th h~)·· !''3aY l=.l,11 11~ for t m~:rchq.r,ts s .,11 -- vha 1., g:!'aclo th.,y 1 a..v ~.hing , 1:)o t th· t. kno •.ih +, lJl...J.>~0~,3 .m tlrl n ,11 +,h:1 t 0 r rl.13 of y0u .,arbo11c ..id? MeT .,ly A ro mri r10n hous ,s, to B!)1'in1tl.., :'!Vi ,17!3CJ-:900ls, 1 th in__,'3 or t,h <J.t kind. XQ T . t is A ab +, fro It, 111:Jr~ 1011 U9 J f'O"J~ it in ~:111,-1<1<:i"101:tlrl•;!'s 'i r1. ky b1sin,q'> kno·1n 'l!'lY A . ll, ut JOitlr. And. J Ye h0rs comr•,"'.'r:?i·1l C'lrboli0 .,nrl t"lP,m th·1+, er·ri•~ A XQ }), 1-JV ➔r h,3.vin,::; us.,d :Q 1 +, o ,,0,11 Rav~ yo wo,1lr.l yo,1 COi. th•: (!Cl.Ult_# ? B. Do they A XQ V Jry lot hen ho1s XQ . , 011l<i I mi~ht, ,11·3.t, £::r r,-f JB 1 f:rn: +.h~t,. o~ r.;Jn nf' ~0 emf. '7!' ·.11J inJury 'l.,id? .:1.rholi11 .,n<l +.h•~m th1.t, ri_.-} Oi~ J-1ors.,a? ,•irbnl.111 3~i(l'? or I tli~ht q':!nd 1·,hmn ,:iiri \:ln ~1 ,,,:r t,J1· t pnr!.108 ? qi,:•. th1+, l)., th~ y1tJ:'}J0<.J, T'Q:1'> I i.~h ,hat ET' ., 0f: ~Cid �t , ., ,. J . �(J, s.L.Avis.) --14-- A on 1"3 Th· t iq XQ pr- It 1 it, i•J it 1J1,1t m 11lii t11e ~-V8T'.:l_:?;•~ _ 11rrJh gen r~lly to an. 1'V~~r t,h t A Y 1r h, p;rarl.e, XQ t_ exa-Jtly. acid ,t !1 ••~nt th·1t 110111,1 J<:.~1 " . th, pr,qirl•J in you· 1A · rou.nri hi bo l.t 1 t. Bosirrl. of.' t,hrl r.,i0n -- .f'OT! or l'J~ss :9001, •1oul11.YOU R ,nti. hirn not, tlrl '7 ny t,11inB 1t of 9ro-f~ h0n hou~, ,otant, 1 I or +,hi t, om, -1:.o ...,ra<l13 I 1:m,tlc'l. F3tt,heJ• , "'nrt. l11r:i that ir, !J\l.I':909 '3id 1:19.,1, kno ·m +, -- ·1t FJOTI? l ,n~th nd thd yl.ll'O t ,d Form of' poi. on, or th., pu:r th ➔ 1-3 of" , q, qinilar it. b t·•,1~ m ilif'i:"Br•~noi:, acin. rbolic 0 ~ 90! Whie-h i,, acid or c: !•lJolic .I ri.on 't qll !' t,h t I coulrl kno", conc:iirl~t'•:}ri ,_13a ly an<-11 !:i:' +,h·1t, q_1113qtion :901 ons. Yo,.1 !)Oi<Jon t11:p1 I only AViR, ould . 1)1 1} ·-t~'th::it yoi~on q (i.f.,qrtly XQ r. 'i +,o yon rt...,1=Jori"l) ➔ 1 l 11, A gra,i ➔ b;r 1 wr ri.e? Thr:w , XQ J . 1 c rboli., A b 9 nori"} oonoentra f'o_rn of C:1.!'bOlic ()J_ m rl.~ kno rn hi9 thJ nor~,rci Jut !)1t1'Y0~e? Yoii h13.v, ,•3'l'C1'll J r.iR.k~ !,:•1 !.Ink•~ a '1t·1t a di~in--f l;ll :l +, 1'> ~, ,n~n.. ll;' -/hi.) no..,? t0 q:9rtnkli3 9..., tri U9~d 1 '111 · xp➔ rt t:.li:-n!'i~i':3t ski carbolic co c.,:3r t 1~ n. erl :ror. t,o b, O l;_!;!lt i-, g,,,nrUnz Buth., Pharrn- cy, b~ t th•} !JUrpo. iho bry A XQ 1,17}1• 1j - or,li.n l"'~' orrl.in ri ly bl-30, 11.c;•~ it ho11ld b>:}'l~.,tl 40"7 nnny . c; ~ A Viel l, <t;r•09~ ,rli 'be · bout ,,01.1::1?,'l.:',i'll th, rrrart~ !Vl rlf-3'.l'UY n-f: th, acict.? 1J !J1~:r:o·irbol:tn i., 11. 81 m ,,tic in· lly, J<iioir· a11i 1onld. not H.nrl +.h 9'\ll'O lly. 0-r :1tIT1~ c·~ bo .. 1, t, k,n oi•i 110,1lrl on~ d 0:9 oi:" :9nro l)µ, c;·1f 11ly, in.,? I 13n::990, e, th~ ordimi.rily, V'3raee dose. .,/:l!?bolir. �., ;, ·' !·-· • & r· ' I ,. . , i ·, I. . f r ) 1 ' i I- . i .1., ,.· !c. ., .. ~ ,/ { ,. > I ., ,) ,: T .. ,, l- r ,.I . ' .; • _fl• .. �--1--- Q 01 Yo, t .... , lJ 1;h~ i1rr:,1tri.ty wit,l I wlll �r • .J �:fo1· n 1i J !_:s Q .Jo I, i A 1,0, it po1!'3on? f1ir. no ~ 1 ·f t It, th "t 1. ~, 1.. 1!1 �,I .... �(Ja --17-- .L.AVi9.) in:f'ect· nt :9l.l!'POB~ :.h +, o:f' lJ • ca_~1Jolic . ,in, CO'.i.!.10,1"1 ]· 1th I\VlB '1.') th,.t , . in ~ the r•,l~t,q in- TH":: C0TJWr: <l _ 1) ri.•J:f'•iJ1'l 1nt 1 i Ynu_-y,mo+ion .·11t 1 .,r, u "3ri. fr,r 13ont,~nt" of' +,h~ lJottl~ +,o +,h b ,1n!2'. rim1 t,h., nti ty of 1'.le 'lll' <~ , it .1ot h vine; ')•~ .,n '3. i:cJ, tliqt th•J b.-,ir 0 hown by t,h , r ~Si9', ...r.,d . !')ha .. f''itl iR t, J onJ 1ho i~ n0t �j �--18-t.:r:•,)11 !)h rm·1<Ji.cit is +.h~ rt f' }_YL1n-t if3 lt•>+, mt:L"rftnnt ✓ n.,8 ,h.✓ Ya,e:;1Jr.'i<; not 9l1arrn oiqt. ,;o··.i1 1>: 1 +; • HA•{118: It 0n but if' th . o+,ion -- ✓ r .....1 r~ i~+Jv~i The motion I 0-r +, 1,: .11 .tr:. 1fl0'7in~ thi<:J 1 til·1t not !.~,an th1t o u•h0lic is ·1.~Y'JlYto 0 "3ntl 31 ,J!'l ircea th rt !.lP.~'0h· t,}n GO! ,.on- -rnr ·1~.n+g-,•1 1. 1,-.-.,':3li:,v·rrt, !)on th, 1 n+, · t :ill. 'ihiril1 1 yo tr !O:lt~ 1 .- th'"} !n•ohLhi- nta J.1 A 1,1 ()ll ar•} not wi10 i'3 our :DO':lit,ion. J:.'•)r~orr'I.. lJ ,1! [.:. f'i "1..'<~t li11y q'ifJ:Y~•l, t · 8 f'r)l Lo· 1•1tU'idr'I. 00r!1t:~y1+,ion? '.l m•F.' ,h•in t. h11'Jin 1~-,~ in m ➔ .y? t 1rnn About HJ.V'3 you I y-:fiV•} 00!1'1.11'-lt~ri,. ~onct.1 M+, A 1t i tS•}li'; lon~ l-1•-11r,yon 1:>wm in ~,h~ m ..r0hantil•~ •iO'I 11c,,tc.1..1;1 j, y0,n· , h t, 1. :to0'i<i ri~11:.1rn 00 i -fin· H. SIP A Q t Y , ...., ~:Lr; i+, iR 1:,r-, t,n. ru1u,n SIP.H~: S9•YlKR I LTJIA. Q th,3n, _'\ or i,h•} 'l0t? th· t, }XC ,!)t, t,h•} •~virl•,!IC"H !JOint8 1'3 b·rn•~·l , th ,n i +, rto -~ ()it 0nly 9h~r · 0i'3t'3? n. Q .,t1·ik} A<:; I unr ,n•~t~ nri. yo,, TH_..]COU!{'l': vour t, 10''3 ►} b~1ng ,h·1t •3 __rco ri,:;ionc; ~ny, rl.OP,'1 th·1t !n}'111<3 lt.y; +,o st::i:il'Jkl ,r? ~ 9·tl r Our motion 1 int!'orl,10~d tion rl.o not 1 o-r. the MH. c,IP'S: l•J Y ➔ int:r:·orlit, A, a r ~,?;i.<1+,1-n'f!tl !J.-frl +, + o 2.0v1i to l-}:l'1 o-r 11 th•} f·\0t l 1 1i +, ir. /JOI, ,OH 1·v•~·.lth M~. anin w~ ? SI PI·J: rl. (Win ci111)J-::ct ,o -+J•! no, 1-11iuJ ✓ d. iri J,·11.rg. bU'Ji.!1,'3"> t J ~ is r· th~p• 1 ~f'•,.r tJ. n i::1 t,r i.·, co 1 rnty? c,t,L~J11 col,/i.110 th'J.t ·1 ,_'.;0orl <d ~ .,rl bi 1sin0 s • I +,hi k it c;: �• �- -- r ------ ----- -- • --19-- L t ID-3 ch:1ng, ~ i -... A disinf o ho ct::tnt, '3 -" , houstjs th.., qu,.c,tion in t,h>-3 · little. Do !'011 n.onduct, · nd . "7-:1.Yof ,-,r,rinkling .f h~n ouCJ~s an1 ceFJ.:-:-!)0<)lB, ,jtc. 7 in +..his count~~? :r➔mP-riY. of it, in v1~ ter. Now, t home, I knorq urn o:er ~)·0r1 8or.1,, •) t 1uy own �\. .., I' �--P,0-- obs ...rva t,ion? V.13. t ion, to b,J li 1)11.t only 1n:ff3:i:>'3nce t i . i ... , t,}l· J"•J Proi. '3 vl. o. oss-EXAl ! A XQ 0, t .,11 th1t? THE GOTJ~T: ]Y M {. 'riJIGON. iJ.'. .iJo, 94.,,, Sir? I!~A'rim not, t,h t I kn0 of. Ho: I rton 't t,hink t,h ,r �,· �(Wn.H. Si_ e. ) --21-- h .1rs1y. P{. of I:f JOH.{\_): +,hi9 ➔ ~13, J 1H. Wr.• "Y.'. I. ri~ht wo11lri 11·vr, Yo, c·mno~ 1-tU,: in 81!')1} i.'1 i!Lf3'.".'t,8t•~'t A) ':3l'.o, hi.- in+,o thJ 3:0 J in-t:.e:.i:-·}st. tion q,,, outcm ti'ld :9ro. hi'3 0-f Jr::11- tion. THE corJ,{T: CT 11 int .....'~St. f-3110V hil3 XQ H•vrJ yoit It a"3 1 ... Onl!' wh , t11...,r: I inigh t by on th3 OVf3T'I'illect.; ...., ➔ nl-3:•. ic; 11~ 1}"'<'1 ,: P rt ; of' t-,his :fo:r tion f'ri:r fl !)'lL !J0':1 yo.:i. • ,asP, h,:r..,? (l':}:f' ,. r~·1nt,. •' 1 +, f'f,.,ot th·1t 0011~8 1. , f1•ori ,-nrs·ty ➔ o t~d.. ,ff !)()'3'3il:>l ➔ t11':} d,ci<.Jion of 011.t11O1., .,i:91 ➔ , l :y,rin nti f_om h•,· rsay. rr:ih~nt; xr-t It i, rm_r int•.n•1?c;t 1l(l l:>~1:9:r:011f_,r, hut f'o:r.: t,h:-lt 'n.nif:!<,dbl ➔ 1- Obj~otion; A t ill.1< -thi two I <i. n't No, : O•l.!' 0 1 n int ...-.~,~t, th·1t c· '3e, 19 it of' this ·1:ffr;, .... t .,d ,.,,:1.11 b, not? A In Y ...'3, •Q hic'li H v,, yon 1~ l)•}ing A I h.v~. qir, ,o. t:rib 1 1t !ri. to 'lJ.'d<:J th•~ n.•"}f•m~Bof this t,:r:-1.,rt h~i.:·, no.? I 91-tirl., in 1 c; .... ne::1'.'·t 1 ,1 y, t,}1-•\t An<i. I might 0 h•;l' ca9 i ,,, a b, t11t, f:r intr,:,:, ,qt ➔ rl t1-n.·nit/ in , 01 .., n:Y I l:,y h•~ rq:;y. XQ Hav yo,1 .,ont:r-11-)ut ,n. to v ,ta the .? :p .,nf3~ of' rt ,-f: md i.n3 +.his C-.1 e? A XQ Mtt'3t I a Wh-3thn• ~rou 13'l }!' h:1V•, OlJJ ~0tion; · '3 to ·1h }th ~,:- I 1 mr,.~d to, ov,,2..2·,1l0ri.; O!' ~,,,3 ~:r.~ d -- h v1-, rton,~ :tt, ex , 9+,ion f'o!' 1-3it,h,}r d1 3 f ➔ nrtmt. Ol'le. �•. �of' th,~ expr..mo;, : -r x· _'{. H__.-t d;;: A :Q Po__ th Y '.l c; , Sine,~ c;-?11.,.1::,, 1 ~oori, )1, q yon ._, ►J 1 H' J I ,wnsid~;r. = 1 ~')')ri? Lr-. 1JOrl, :ro:r, t.h., g•m~J!'.'1.1 _::; 11 11:r th:;1t on3 _ 1:: ·on .vhtcri i (l 0e yon to of' t,h ,,vt~•~rl A /J t 1r.e h., s., is ~1'•-; , " lJ,J.rci1•1::,ir [;. c rbol t on, of' dir yon ~}1·1+, }ctly in+,,}r J~ .,-011.:t tr•r>!:J.o +,11 , ,: 1r ➔ not a f·t~t i+, to nrr1 -. tht3 tnJ t H:t•. St:r.·i11kl,_, t,h·lt sto:.r.'t., ; _nil. !:ltJ:1'.''1!1 yo1.1. w,+,, in u1 +,R, t t ~n~ +, l fo,Vt'? , y, J,3,. 1 11 1;1,• t r11.,., ijion? 01)j ,atton; A is ont:ribnt8 ct in 11 Y,J9, I ov s 'i/Vi~ 'l ,,l}J!)+,10n ror l,ri; J•' 1<', ,1~f•Jrrttnt. thonc;h, bi1t :10+, r'!.i:r-~~tly +,hlt, .!"!?. Striclcl~ :·q to b ➔ l' ➔ !Jort 1 1 1 ' Q 9.~ Anrl y0~1r A ·,,}l linv 0I' You h·1 V•J ,••,.,1' 1.')'l-l n1.rr•., a·· in '')•} m 'I 'l-)1lt, t,h,1 ev n if' t11:rt3 h·r not Q sel:f? ·-F! t-rH c 1m1 ty Lil? , i!)•J, wt ➔·,h -· •}Cn•,.1 t.o yo Allru J ! mig'rlt, rt~~ ➔ n~9 R.VL!l if' Jv,n h::iv .J i?•:3,n •ny -- '19Yt] i~ 1 l.·1.li:fy ,•! f,o l'J. ! ,m11lri I dirln '+, 'l!V"i•~. f3 t· nrl A .r. '3k .'!'~, (Int,'.":'!'ll:)t,ir1:::;) kno in th0 a rbolic in l!.' int, J ,_.,;st !1t -- l rlon 't Q o-f l.l~l' "'nants t,·h,3 l:L!1t t),} t~~r~ t,.1•,r~ l1ad not, 'L }!1 ◄ ,}l, il lt lB to n'-, ~_,_,·1 1it+,le. chi:? in ny !.)'l!'t , rl'l t? m p13rf' ,ct,ly hirt b,3 Fil lin~ t,() ha'f,j not h00n -,'Yl ·my • r0'3~G1ltion c;·1in 3t YOU!.'- �~ ' r r. \ _r , I l • , 'C �--23-- I riirl no MH. AVIS: A'iY any such th:Lnc. f':lrnm~ of Hockin,..,h Q Yt:mr o_. Wh o. rP, ,10 yo, live? Pl co wt,y? �l �Y s, A 113 Q ~ + not I'f., ro 1 ·rn:i.l tin.:; intfJ!·.::!Jt9 •i Bir. in ':3. f'<:,:t t t,hr : n as<:,1)ci rn➔ t,h•, +,ion to "eh· nt'3 th ,r11 9rot-::0t , omtmh, t ~iriilar ~.hiB rna+,t,,r, co1 of' t,hiR to '.l01Tfl1~_1lth an<'!. t,h~i. ,lV ➔ ':'l t1'1•'3<ttu._,0 i"3t8 1 1• ar-:rno- ,ion in ~hi~ ~+,dt? ~t to Q ':i Ji1l th In ot11~i· 011 }I' Avis, m>.::rch. 11t 1 ~ron rnrd'3, onntl-:}:!.''1 ,1 thout you1· nd oth~.:.' rl1'ng~il3ts, cl•Jrks, \!ll tho11t A "lI'holio jn$J+, lik., ca9t·1.:ln ..,ou.nt,.,1'13, by -t:.nHir ov ..,r P1~,ir it,? d.iri not I W1+,1113~, F'l:lY q•-1 •1 ~ RHOD.;:s, duly J. 1 t, tr:iring to c: ,11 liir. HH. AVIS; A. th~ rig'"lt 1avA r·eei- ~•~11 it l"'l?~i8t•).t'Ll._, Y 1J'3, to 1::in ny such +,ol'i th:Lng. +,o ~-t:.anri. ;f "id"'• of' cl .,f',mrhnt, m:rn on b~hal,:' +,1~ ti-rt ,,l as -t:'0110 11-=,;Q Mr. Wh~r ➔ A year of nocJ<"in,}H'1 .o, n+,y? YA8, ~ir. A Q ::tr., a farmtJ1' thorlP,F3, y0n 10 ym1 live? B:r.irlw, 1:1.t'}r 'lt :9::r'.' ,r-;,~nt, nd. h"lVr3 1)131-m fo.• +,h~ 1:q_r.;t or ~o. Q But A y011 h>-V_, "r),~,m livine ~,ir. "(f}"l, I l1'1', f'or b3m Y•)'·tT.'~ i!l f•]'.'Jui.~ 1!1 t.hi.:"J C!Oll!1ty? hi9 ,(N.tY f<>:i:' t,h, 1 '3t -l:,ri.ir+,y Y•}'J.r<J. Q "ill yo·1 a nm .h•~r of yt31r"J <;t9.~ ➔ vhP;t'l-11~2• o no+, c·-'1rb0lic · Qirl • a f'•pni 11:1:r. r•~m1Jrty in Y'J't:r.' 110tn,1? :1•~ i) ~en :f'o .. �. �--24-- Q ~iil l y1J1t rltj<.Jr:n·ibi:'l +,o I !)1' , 'f Q :r1n,1 it Hr. 1-{hor•.:s, i moc t A Q rm t t i Ve Wil 1. ·[h; t 'W H'Y b· U'3 court +,11 ◄, Jfl i +, :,h,., 13.ri ua us~s to ':thich a rl.isin:fect nt, 'i '1 in • 10 :rn. YOH WY a•, to the xt ~nt to 1vhic}1 Thc1t Bl Ok.8mi+,} ine;. YOll i::Jt t~ t,o th , co n·t "l 1 ➔ th,n· OJ' not you U P, C;U'bolio ��r • --25-- Q Do you A Q Yo 1 A 1-:9 kr::} Yee;, s iY th1t ar1~.ly 1J rbollc ir; /OH How do you ar, n~v-.,.~• 11+,ho,:rt, it? ,1 +,J1out it. n~ ➔ IlIATIOH. it? on Jou,· 9-r~T'li . es anri use it ..:~ ,:i tJ 1 0 it, 1 t,. rar ,ly CR0S'3-E:.A XQ 1, �r • 't ., '/ I , �r • (E.C.rlol~tor..) stock. --::36-- r-r · ny co·1.lti. not. do '3 g, t'3 hii:rt H j t ,__'3 11 h~ ·1ant9. C , tock ,o rn :-- 1(,, rt ~tock 01,1tion o,,. qny thin 0 l 'lk8 of 0,:i:rbolic ,h• t -- a ,id. i tri011t. A Pu-t:. it A I in th., ,. .._,,,1" +,o +,hin · Y' �,. ,:1 I , ,i • .:i. f ' .. I \ _J �f • (John 1 .Li --27-- k.,y.) A ,:l:i.:. Y•'3, Q };() you n~:J CU.'l)Ol:r; Q Do yo t kno V d/lt} lf!i<l y01r Ol, t' ..rr 1 , 1,, 'l. 1]0! J.r.••~!i~t3~? T 011 honqe}hO i:.r• J'e}T .->,rJ 1, •. oc'l<in,__;r1r:u.J,)im+.J? Q U'l 110,·1 }1:r:. rJ1~1k--!Y, yo11 <11y t,h,1+, yoit 1 ,om, on !Qiti) :r10lrt 1 {. /JO iRAD: bsol 11+,'7 ·rn Ii: T: ! t,h ➔ nt-3<lY,1ml f0,1 ,o u:•+, 1H·, !3~, ,-;_,)1c.-},l? it '1-)•~J.iev-:} i+, i•~ ·1 ·,,-, ri. ,·finit ➔ 1mrt•~rt:it·1nrline; a ;o,tlri to -- },ft. in 1'•~~·1.rr SIPJJ: ll 1?1) l'L;1Mci. i ~~. :?.. ,rni<Je nonu on 1,o bt} •=i.+,, 01 t! nui~on i~, ':,r ,. ~ ~h} -:>l' b:1'.'i•.rfR be h - ,, }Vid .me i, it, ,n H to th.., tri11l T~f:S GOUT: ,j_ lL.· i:1.• Our nn( •?r•3tanrlinc; 9t] on _ro•n· I uni.•3.' o +,. i, t'.lnrl ni •,e. i;h·1t t,J11~ ~virLno., no 1 1 t 1<,11 ~h· 11 h, �( ' f r . 'f �1/, ·, .. T ' • .. . --28-- } (. SI ' J . • TH 1~ rJ(),j!tT: you Dan n. m-1t t, ,:r 01· mi d. ,r,v:mnor, :.1hiY1J.:t,J1i CJ .l' "' 1n·1k.-, al~!'o.•+, · '11~' Jt~ cl+ ' ,i I . .....: '-'-f-!', 1 ~~,1~!1td th r•1f .r,:mc,~ +,0 it ~ J ;- I I 1 ~ ..i· +tf-lc----.L, th•3.+, :,011 �.. �IN THE CIRCUIT ~OURTOF ROOKINGHAM COUNTY VIRGINIA --'~-------------..•... .. . . . . .. . . ... . ... . . . . .. . :. COMMONWEALTH vs. s s and s A. D. BERTRAM '• NOTE FOR THE 00:MMONWE_AJ.,TH • •• s COMMONWEALTH vs. : THOS. P. YAGER • . . ... . ... . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. •. In replying sel for ble to cl~rify to the note the defendants various the statutes passed situation regarding from time per aequenoe, to time, is rules for it cases, learned would seem desira- somewhat by reference pharmacy matters, and by giving ooun- to the which their have titles been in pro- March 3rd, 1886, Acts 1885-86, p. 405 "An act to incorporate the Virginia Pharmaceutical Association, and to regulate the practice of pharmacy, and to guard the sale of poisons in the State of Virginia." the original Pharmacy, by the as follows: FIRST: This in these filed Act constituting its prescribing its guidance, tioe of pharmacy in the This Act was incorporated riehts and for State, into the State a.nd duties, formul~ting the regulation prescriblng the Board of of the prac- ~ena1tieB, &c. Code of 1887 as Chapter 78. SECOND: May 6th, 1887, Acts of 1887, p. 210, "An act to amend ani reenact Sections 6 and 12 of an act approved l. n.rch 3, • • 1886 entitled an act to incorporate the Virginia Pharmaceutical Aaeociation,the practice of pharmacy and to regulate and to guard the sale of poisons in the State of Virginia." ��1/, I • ' .. .· The amendments for registration. to the and the Act, (See preface THIRD: than to the in the time Code published, to the sections sections v. p. time of the See also Chapt~r 4202 and 4203.) March 5th, 1894, Acts 1893-94, p. 715, "An Act to amend and re-enact Sections 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765 and 1766 of Chapter 78 in relation to of the Code of Virginia, the practice of pharmacy, as amended by an act approved May 6, 1887, entitled an act to amend and re-enact Sections 6 and 12 of an act approved March 3, 1886, entitled an act to incorporate the Virginia Pharmaceutical Association, and to regulate the practice of' pharmacy, and to guard the sale of poisons in the State of Virginia." Act contains originally Sections that reference of the Revisors, Code of 1887, This rather the subsequent inserted been at of necessity, extend been approved was not 1887, Code not having had, of the original 206, Act simply Thie Act having amendments Code. in thie 16th day of March, of 1887, the contained radical enacted, changes March 3rd, in the pharmacy 1886, law aa (No. 1 ante). u?.tx~K m«0E~m:rateaxmxtk11~11uxmifxi2~'.ixaax~kai'i~rxiixx March 2, 1898, Acts of 1897-98, p. 686, "An Act to amend and re-euact Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia, in relation to the practice of pharmacy, as amended and re-enacted by an act approved March 5th, 1894." This Act simply of physicians the practicing requirement provision that so long as there There ly are amends Section of five in rural years shall is no registered verbal and having districts, experience, such registration a few slight accidental, 1759 as to the registration &c., and adding be effective pharmacist and immaterial no bearing removing upon this the only in such tovm. changes, case. evident- I l ��' .. FIFTH: March 5th, 1900, Acts of 1899-1900,p.825, "An Act to amend and re-enaot Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia, in relation to the practice of pharmacy, as amended and re-onacted by an Act approved March 2nd, 1898, entitled an act to amend and re-euact Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia in relation to the practice of pharmacy, as amended and reenacted by an act Approved r.iarch 5th, 1894." This Act amends Section experience as necessary registration in rural tion of fif'teen 1759 by again prescribing to a practicing hundred physician and towns having districts or less, five years desiring a popula- and by eliminating I the l "so qualification in said permitting employees regular town". long It also any retail to sell, course as there is no registered contains druggist compound, of ·business a provision or drug dispenee any patent pharmacist specifically company or their or manufacture in the or proprietary medicines, &c. SIXTH: ~- This is February 16th, 1901, Acts of Extra Session 1901, p. 338, "An Act to require the Board of Pharmacy of Virginia to register as pharmaoists certain parties who failed to avail themselves of the requirements of the act of March 3, 1886, as amended by the Act of March 3, 1887, and to permit such persona so registered to practice pharmacy in the State of Virginia as registered pharmacists and without examination." an independent certain parties and not later, act, who shall requiring apply and has no bearing the registration on or before on this July of 1, 1901, case. SEVENTH: March 5th, 1903, Acta of 1902-3-4,p.71, "An Act to amend and re-anaot Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia, in rela- amend & tion to the practice of pharmacy, as amended and re-enacted by an act approved March 5th, 1900, entitled an act to re-enact Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia in relation to the practice of �\ �t I '' ' pharmacy, as amended and re-enacted by act approved March 2, 1898, entitled an act to amend and re-enact Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia, in relation to the practice of pharmacy, as amended and reenacted by act approved March 5, 1894." This Act amends practicing physician in rural fi~teen Section or less, amended, [arch be recognized by again the removes a practicing the known as the the intended but draftsman sale to rigidly cocaine, tained also experience as poison section and its control, It or to prevent has no bearing 1764 food it or the and drugs. was the by the 1764, more severe rurnishing upon the Codo, It intention only of in three regJlation preparations, prohibit artisti- passage (No. 1763), and practically third, and not The Act is not Legislature of morphine 1763 of the section", that to prescribe in Section adulteration "poison first, and, an habitue. shall It to amend Section is manifest it Act to amend the the years section". and of the particulars--- or phyaioiana of Virginia. of five aa pre- March 14th, 1904, Acts of Extra Session 1904, p. 296, "An Act to amend and re-enact Section 1764 of the Code of Virginia, as amended by an act approved March 5th, 1894, relating to the practice of pharmacy." "adulteration drafted, of the section physician. commonly known as the cally Society requirement Act was plainly Code, tueh of such physicians of the that 1900, examination that in place Medical EIGHTH: This 5, of a a population and prescribing licensed, right without and in towns having be regularly viously as to the to be registered districts hundred shall 1759 again and, the second, of sale of any drug subject matter which prohibits is least at the an open to con- ! ! �r • �• • r .. ' question mains whether in full poison and virtue, 1764, and likewise whether original force oeded by Section 1904, the tions has been repealed about by the manit'est it as amended in this the sale Section (No. 1763) re- or whether concerning the original section 1764, Act of March 14th, of poisons, pertaining by the unfortunate or misnomer has been euper- the and also to adulteramuddle brought section sought to be amended. All the Acta hereinbefore missed from consideration referred as immaterial to may be dis- in this case, ex/ cept the original Act of March 3rd, 1886 (No. 1 ante); er 78 of the Code, in which the various Act are embodied; 1894 (No. 3 ante); the general the (No. 8 ante). is given 1765 and 1766, the Act of l!arch the to guard that Act, be observed and to regulate the Chapter Acts, to Article "An Act to incorporate Association, Acts, of and also 78 of the or either 4, Section Code,~ of 52 of Constitution? It will titled the attention of which has been amended amendatory them,repugnant Sec- 1894. Are the original the several that the poison to these neither 5th, 1903 (No. 7 ante) amending suggested Court ma.y be exclusively to Sections since It 1904, of this Act of March 5th, the Act of March 5th, and the Act of March 14th, tion amending provisions chapt- sale the general of poisons amending that the original the Virginia Act was en- Pharmaceutical the practice of pharmacy, in the of Virginia"; State Act of March 5th, 1894, and was entitled ( T ' �. , ~., I 'It �t l • an Act to amend and re-onact "Chapter tice 78 of the of pharmacy Code ia that entitled &c.; "Regulating the practice and medicines, to th~t dangerous end all is single, ed may be ~airly expressed and intimate are all things most without prohibition title exception of the the MoGruder, 84 Va. p. 828, purpose in the Statute, each other, in Virginia, jurisdiction, by the Board of Supervisors by and of the Legislature. does not cited ia the most natural with authorities Constitution In the one case the defendants, have purpose in every There of the object embraced and correlation case, and to be done or prohibit- or not, to the general ia the Where thie tend. as in furtherance in the public, the general The subjects connection germane of the but was the use of which to be accomplished authorized regarded specified sought It of drugs and sale provisions in detail, in the title. whether Acta is manifest. o~ poisons, various vary and the 78 of the of Pharmacy"; to the health of these they Chapter dispensing in the objects Statute; to the prac- amended and re-enacted these and especially no incongruity thi, of all compounding, particularly of Code. The purpose the that 1903, by number in relation as amended" 1759 of the to regulate sections Code of Virginia the Act of March 5th, Sections is certain and al- agree that the apply. learned counsel of Henrico the Act in question for County vs. provided- "The late treasurer of Henrico County be allowed until the let day of February, 1885, to make his supplementary returns of delinquent taxes for the yeara~ &o., and it was held Act was not to be unconstitutional embraced in its title, because the object and because the title in and the body of the Act areAirreconcilable title being "An Act to allow further conflict; time for the the treasurer of the �... �of' Henrioo County to make returns The manifest conflict was that to the "treasurer", "returns ferred full and also of delinquent permitted line briefly the title returns of delinquent to taxes", which law. of cases of which only a few will in Virginia, decision, ie a very be I as follows: 588 and I I ' of Morriss especially "an Act to enlarge vs. 595, the it Virginia Insurance was held jurisdiction Court" &o., powers of the Judge of the Hustings that the jurisdiction of the court, of the Constitution See also vs. Powell 88 Va. pp. 713 and 714, emphatic Court, Co., an Xct of the Hustings and Which in the body of the Act enlarged to the provision lowing re~erred to this 85 Va. pp. ty, to the and the body of the Act re- by the general In the case extending to the Act referred In marked distinction cited, entitled because taxes", to "supplementary was not the title taxes". and the body of the Act referred treasurer", "late of delinquent the in addition to was not repugnant in question. supervisors of Brunswick in which the court uses Coun- the fol- language: "To require conveniont object, to lating to but would or every end and every means necessary for the accomplishment of the general be provided for by a separate act, rethat alone, would not only be unreasonable, actually render legislation impossible. *The* generality * * * * * *of* a* *title• * *is *no* *objection * * • * *to * it,* * • so long as it 1s not made a cover for legislation incongruous in itself, and which, by no fair inas having a necessary tendment, can be considered or proper connection." See also Ingles The attention to Iverson Brown's oaae, which seems particularly vs. Straus, of the Court 91 Va., applicable 91 Va., pp. 209 and 216. is especially called pp. 762 and 772 at seq., to the oases at bar, �r • \ �.J ' . aa it clusive stands absolutely of the dante. constitutional In this of the Court on all case, fours with objections Judge Riely them, raised and is con- by the defen- in delivering the opinion says: "On the other hand it (referring to Article 5, Section 15 or the Constitution of 1869, which is identical in terms with Article 4, Section 52 of the present Constitution) was not intended to obstruct honest legislation, or to prevent the incorporation into a single act of the ent.ire ste,tutory law upon one general subject. It was not designed to embarrass legislation by compelling the multiplication of laws by the passage of separate acts on a single subject. authorizes many Although the act or stntute nature to be done, the things of a diverse title will be sufficient if the things authorized may be fairly regarded ae in furtherance of the object expreseed in the title. It is therefore so as to to be liberally construed and treated, uphold the law, if practicable", citing numeeous cases. In the a condensation the points syllaQus of the very involved in the on pp. 762 and 763 will able cases and exhaustive at bar, be found opinm.on on as follows: "The title of' an act will be sufficient, v,1 thin the meaning of Sec. 15, Art. V of the Constitution, if the things authorized to be done, though of a may be fairly regarded as in diverse nature, furtherance of the object expressed in the title. is that the subjects embraced All that is required in the statute, but not specified in the title, be congruous and have natural connection with or be germane to the subject expressed in the title. And the Constitution is to be liberally construed so as to uphold the law, if practicable." "If an act of Assembly has been amended, it is unnecessary to enquire whether the title of the amendatory act would, of itself, be sufficient; it is enough 1:f' the title of' the original act is sufficient to embrace the matters contained in the amendatory act." "Where a prior act of Assembly has been substantially incorporated into the Code, and some of' these of the Code are amended and re-Anacted, provisions others repealed, and new sections added to that chapter by a subsequent act of Assembly, the title of which refers to the numbers of the sections amended or repealed, and the number and subject of the chapter, and the amendment and new sections are germane to the title of the original act, the I 1 �(' �r • title of the amendatory act ia a sufficient compliance with Sec. 16, Art. V. of the Constitution." "Sec. 15, Art. v. of the Constitution of the State has no application to amendments of the Code; and in amending and re-enacting or repealing any part of the Code or adding thereto, it is not necessary to do more (if so much) than ref'er to the proper chapter and section thereof to be amended, or repealed, or added to, and adopt and express in the title or the amendatory act the number and subjAot of such chapter, if the provision of such amendment by re-Anactment or by additional section is germane to the subject o~ the or sections chapter." In concluding following impressive thie opinion the Court used the language: I "Every ln.w enacted by the legislature is persu.med to be in conformity with the Constitution, until the contrary 1s sho~n, and it devolves on him who alleges its invalidity to show it. It is a grave responsibility for a court or judge to pronounce a solemn and deliberate act of the sovereign lawmaking power unconstitutional and void. It should never be done in a doubtful case, and especially where no great principle of liberty or the security of' property 'enshrined in the Constitution of' the United States and repeated in that of the State• is involved, but only some rule of legislative acWhen it is done, the conflict between the tion. Constitution and the law must be clear and palpable. To doubt is to affirm the validity of the law." In the Ashby, p. 93 Va., Act in question of case which gives other proceedings retain custody the the to test title of of minors and their custody." was held provide that "an act a new charter Association' City all habeas corpus and of the Association ror the o:f' Iron is not unconstitutional to &c. is not broader "An act in relation Association Asso., the title 3 of the of the to the Prison Building Va. vs. Court of which is ttaection of' Circuit committed", the act, In Bosang vs. to the the rir;ht of minors Association that jurisdiction commitment ginia was held it 667, Richmond exclusive than of' the Prison 98 Va., which is Belt to of Vir- p. 119, it 'An Act to Building and Loan on the ground that ite ( l �f • �1/, ,. J title embraced broader than previously made. the act, The provision object strued, so as to uphold last opinion fall, court, elaborate of the Court attention able of the is and comprehensive (Cal.), 56 L. R. A., upon similar cations note and amendments p. 48, long to the 242, decided the I eXhaustive- leading la.test cases, delivers.nee ' conclusive. of authorities, called case the to the very of Lewis vs. bearing provisions p. 40. delivered line 83 et seq., p. p. considered respectfully constitutional See also Virginia, is and this to this Oourt 100 Va., Marye, would seem to be absolutely In addition con- practicable." to previous supra, is all be liberally to President, references whioh have been cited This 105 Va., _subject when and. in ;further- title. vs. Hawkins, this was contracts title, is Clerk, vs. title validates the la.w, if in which Keith, of the with to in the the Trehy, In Whitlock ly, germane is the which were usurious The Constitution See also only or that as it in so far expressed required. is one object, made by such association ance of the that more than Dunne more particularly as applied to codifi- thereto. notes Hurst's and let on the New Constitution Va. Law Register, of p. 119. CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE STATUTEPRESUMED. Every and the statute Constitution as to uphold the to the Federal itself law, if Assembly strictions are are possible. without imposed to be constitutional, must be liberally Government, Ganeral in expressed 1e presumed "Aa to matters the legislative limit, except by the Constitution term.a or by strong construed implication. not eo ceded powers of the so far as re- of the State The State ( I �11, I ' . �i \ ... Constitution is statute. In order No stronger to warrant unconstitutional, Whitlock the the of the of a ·1a known to the a State must be clear law. statute and palpable." p. 242. Corporation State and every constitutionality to declare courts 105 Va., vs. only, presumption infraction Hawkins, vs. Button p. instrument is made in favor presumption State a restraining Commission, 105 Va., 634. See also in Brown's quotation 91 Va., case, See also pp. from the to be found National opinion of the Court on p. 9 ante. Council vs. State I Council, 104 Va. 197 and 202. AS TO CLASS LEGISLATION. See Va. Dev. Co. et al. 90 va.•,p,. following the 126 and 129 et a long line "It shall persons of cases subject cited, that to the are to it its of an equal be deprived ie no objection Crozer Iron in which the and particularly 14th amendment, citizen seq., vs. statute treated Oourt held, in construeing provision protection that it alike Co. et als., that of the 1s special, under the no laws, if all same con- ditions". See also Christy See also Ex parte ve. Elliott, 1 L. R. A., N. s., p. 216. "When the calling O'Neil, or profession or requires a certain ledge upon which others must rely, steps in and imposes with danger, conditions Minneapolis p. 29, cited in Christy & 3 L. R. A., N. or business degree then s., P•563. is of scientific legislation upon its St. L. R. Co. ve. vs. Elliott supra. attended knowproperty execution." Beckwith, 129 U. s. 7 I �I • \. �' .. It all these the act 1s respectfully authorities under ginia, the objection which they Constitution submitted are of the United States, in the light the defendants of prosecuted without of that is repugnant to the or o~ the State shown to be completely ia that Vir• of foundation, and must be disregarded. THE FACTS. The testimony practically against against • so far as concerns identical defendant's small store, bottle 1763, ous nature of the with carbolic the thereto, by the of the "Car. ever is charged first that article Acid. on it Poison", was affixed Pharmacy oa.ee was the bottle seller article", the requirement of' the be labelled bearing in Yager's in ink the name the President complied the words case no label L. Avie, and a pharmacist with same was partially by the of Virginia, of the Section. to the bottle Mr. Jas. 1764, was to be used of this a label while it to such poisonous should was two of the most readily and the word "Poison", by pasting by Section of business paragraph the bottle case was aware of the poison- anu in neither antidotes in a In neither and that at least from the purchaser a.e required acid, In Bertram• s case paragraph to the "name and place effective as required was bought the purchaser purpose; and in addition with the offence upon the premises. that a legitimate obtainable acid upon due enquiry or Section labelled carbolic and delivered filled ascer-tained for defend.ante them. In each case it each of these what- seller. of the Board of of prominence and ~ �, .. I • �long testified experience, tered the act; under that to have been purchased defendants cheap and inferior or proprietary Several farmers, merchants neighbors carbolic carbolic acid even than acid a deadly that testified frequently purposes of disinfection it the pure or experts, "remedy" and that of a was not a domestic druggists when diluted, animals, named from the but was on the contrary and mechanics, for and occasionally, injured the conditions witneseee,mot was a domestic shown in the evidence more dangerous that was regis- defendant each contained medicine, poison. their under grade, and finally neither the bottles respectively, article; acid that but carbolic used by them and and the like, as a wash for wounded or was kept by many retail dealers. DEFENDANTS HAVEVIOLATEDSECTION 1763 or SECTION 1764. It is of violating guilty whether that Assembly of' March 14th, section consequence selection, that the adulteration no doubt. the numbering section should ment of the old, It be considered as enacting and nec- formerly numbered the two poison at pages of comparison ould seem, as before was but a clerical leaving q. v.) each other work, ~or convenience of his The compiler the Act of section and has placed are section by implication old and the new, opposite eections,the and 927 1764. 1904 (No. 8 ante, in the Code of 1887, 1764 of the poison to construe and repealing defendants that 1763 or Section Code has seen fit a new poison essary submitted the provisions be Section of Pollard's 926 respectfully error and suggested, and that the new as an amendment and re-enact- the adulteration section as before; I ( l �-14- �-14- but whatever pose of the General certain that in force of as these a.cid, contained the of the against present are Any violation ~ver be now in rorce, is it sections is is now time of the commission these defendants, and, concerned, it immaterial and fourth in the first at least poison The provisions law. as to the pur- regard~ and was at the charged identical. may reach in this other prosecutions ie Courts Assembly and effect, which are the one or the offences the far conclusion of the is so as to carbolic paragraph poison of each, section, a grave menace to the and the Statute which- lives and / health or the community, should be strictly I '· construed and rigidly enforced. "In one sense, every law imposing a penalty or forfeiture may be deemed a penal law; in another sense, such laws are ofeen deemed, and truly deserve to be called, remedial. The judge was, therefore, strictly accurate, when he stated that 'it must not be understood that every law which is, therefore, legally speakimposes a penalty ing, a penal law, that is, a law which 1s to be construed with great strictness in favor of the defendant. Laws enacted for the prevention of fraud, for the suppression of a public wrong, a public good, are not, in the or to effect strict sense, penal acts, although they may inflict a penalty for ~iolating them.' " Mr. Justice 3rd Howard, the to protect apparent", they 1764, ty to retail vs. United public for in question add that health". States, solely medicines to any other or dispense the defenis "to regulate the act is not "Thia "upon the most cursory or dispense to sell counsel and they which applies has no application authority the say, learned of the act of pharmacy", practice Section to the the only object "designed in Taylor p. 210. According dants, Story, is 'having or poisons'. medicines." than of reading to persons persons plainly Thia those authorilaw having �.. �I •t • ' ·, ♦ -15- \ The inspection ly and to Section to ha.ve left Ohapter 78 "Regula.ting under Health", sick, includes or infectious of medicine the of dead bodies tribution for and each of the fifty-two chapters professional is con- "The Public conerning regulating of dentistry; the practice nursing of the and the procuring the promotion pages general- the entire Code, entitled spparate the act of Pharmacy~ diseases, and surgery, practice for the practice 24" of' the "Title to the must have been cursory such impressions, whioh also contagious by counsel in particular, 1764 indeed, tained given and dis- of medical comprised under science; tha.t title I l contains at its letters! head the words "Public "This law (Section persons than It be lawful dispense but without or poisons, of the note that section are any qualification counsel medicines as well posed as well and yet by all as by the the safe-guards of poisons, tra. 1J1elled sale ~having cautious as to death It serious too monstrous for is hard for the strictest to sell or dis- observance of all Section their ignorant free around and un- and inexperienced, and to the evil and jindly. and sorrow to believe such construction authority and trained, the prudent &c., throughout would permit ion would be to scatter is It the or &o., except" thrown by this others,- shall to ttany person", invariably contend "It to sell the prohibitions or poisons" the many and rigid sale to retail, would seriously of persona begins, authority whatever. that or dispense section havinB ', to any other to sell the t'or any person, as would exact the that . in capital in saying no application authority true is worthyof reaminder pense is in error has having medicines it that 1764) those medic1'1les." not are likewise Counsel Health" dis- Such constructthroughout consideration. the land. �\ -lo-- ' ' ~., �These defendants the eequired labels section, prescribed the fourth scribed they paragraph poisonous for a legitimate the facts,- they contained whether carbolic acid disregarded There to by Section of its was to be it about exemptions apply be No. 1763 or No. 1764, is the pre- that the to for have is no dispute 1766 do not and the penalty as affixed assurance are uncontradicted; prohibition they was aware can be appealed the for the purchaser purpose. it violated "B" without his without law and incurred have also be or be not a domestic construction escape; the in Schedule in Section section, aeid of the poison same Section, and without used chants of the whether nature paragraph But they enumerated enquiry carbolic have violated punishment. a poison sold by the first and thus the have sold to mer- to the poison No strained even a possibility "any person". I nor whether medicine. It has haa been incurred. of been That penalty is- 1766 (A) "A fine of not less one hundred dollars", than ten nor more than or (B) "A fine of not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding thirty days or both", according construction 1766 in connection Section 14th, to the with Court the amending may place act upon of March 1904. We respectfully the plain Section 1766 which the purpose 1763, for appropriate to the suggestion of the Legislature and that violation renew the the penalty of Section oases 1763 at bar. to amend the prescribed is that the it poison by Section lawful penalty / was .i ¥ ��-17- DEFENDANTS HAVEALSO VIOLATEDSECTION 1759, as amended by the Act of March 5, 1903, (No. 7 ante.) Th.Rt portion to the cases at bar of this section as amended applicable ie as follows: "And it shall not be lawful for any person to engage in the business or ocoupation of compounding or dispensing medicines on prescriptions of physicians or otherwise, or to sell at re 1 any drugs, chemicals, poisons, or pharmaceutical preparation within this State, without first obtaining a certificate of registry ae provided in this chapter." None of the exceptions have any bearing in the section cases, and so the guilt the charge careful with of violating considera,tion the exemption in Section 1785, It is 1759. pensed drug, poison, clearly or chemical, to-wit- one sale was proven introduced practice circumstances by the of' retail facts as set in the proven out first against show the violation was proven to have sold and without comment, of Secand disa certain Which was at the same time carbolic aoid, provided with in the as required by in conjunction cases, prescribed the of course, registry quoted, in certain that Each defendant medicine the must be deteI'Elined section of 1766. shown not to have been but this submitted aa a matter deadly of' the def'endants the penalty eo.oh of the defendants tion to these or innocence of merchants and contained or application of the language of Section paragraph or qualifications ! a and each defendant a certificate It chapter. is true is of that only to have been made by each defendant, -~ this surround defendants dealers " sale, themselves in their and the testimony as to the general neighborhood, would seem �-st- �-18- ccnclusive that the business the defendants or occupation or But should whether there be any doubt acts the physicians proven engaged"in or otherwise". in the mind of the were within _.., or dispensing of compounding on prescriptions medicines were actually Court the prohibition just I at least recited, showed that the or poison cal tinct it is tin.disputable defendants called provision statute for any person to engage sell at retail any drug9, cal preparations within come within provides cept those poison "none of the hereinbefore) of quinine" ,) and proprietary domestic retail dealers". within the medicines "such prietary is not claimed ia urged nor by the learned is a domestic firmation ex- chapter, original the as are usually kept comes properly and truly by and proprietary the dealees", 1759. carbolic acid euch claim counsel by mer- " such other by retail that sale for is a pro- be maintained, the defendants but that f/ I/ it prevent Section could Th.is section Which have been fully ) domestic kept is de~endanta and 1764 (the acid other violated medicine, 1~ the of this at not both, if provisions carbolic have not It enquire medicines as are usualll' defendants it If terms section, obtaining of one therefore, &c. ******and &c., first 1765. shall to or pharmaceuti- of Section section$ not be lawful poisons in Sectionsl763 and adulteration shall without of this to of the dis- &c. ******or State, remains only contained considered chants thie the exceptions that &c., chemicals, prohibitions and it certain, "it chemi- a drug, in violation that in", testimony the at retail The violation, &c. of the least sell aoid carbolic of the a certificate• did that of that medicine, dictum and they have appealed to the testimony for con- of the merchants, ( ! �.J �. ' farmers is and mechanics a remarkable single fact that time extent extreme say that gested it that not Court, went in their remedy. that so distinct is the testimony the defendants of electricity, ing, the taking the fashionable could be mentioned 1 ment of diseases, such remedies If medicines could within tion, has testified was true, that could and deep breath- of other remedies in the treat- would not be contended considered, intent and purview and a oitizen most emphatically that or even termed, of this of the Board of Pharmacy, experience, sug- the application culture and dozens be seriously the plain was to particular A hot bath, it The of medicine to be efficacious surely The President a man of long in this cure, supposed but testimony of physical rest one mediciae. 1s confidently thie defense. It testified testimony :from that term "remedy" in their It even if trial. ~ was a domestic aoid the for witness ll carbolic was a domestic to the by them upon the one single to which they be of no avail 'I introduced Statute. an expert, of unblemished that carbolic reputa- ie acid ?~c--f not only that it that by a preponderance A a domestic ie unequivocally testimony of the on this7point, leaves the medicine list the list stringe~t poisons outweighed of euoh poisons safe-guards carbolic that around it Section acid it be urged the Commonwealth itself ia included in or 1763 &~d 1764, So clearly did to be a poison, 1mK in .a/section thrown therein. "B", of the for is, but at least Statute as now valid. a:mtx<ia:Jxgamcma pois¥on, mentioned acid in Schedule may be considered that the very wha.t carbolic remedy, It might in number of witneases law making power consider deadly poison. fortunately, of poisons whichever a deadly defendants but, no doubt or even a domestic incorporated filled and a it among by the most the use of the drugs The supreme the and law making power of A ��••. '\ the is State not has declared a domestic be heard will anp person shall that medicine, than violating the provieione I and distinct and decided. though a person found be punished each day, clear yet is any local, crime, under this "That chapter, and upon conviction nor more the said pro- constitute a language under may be crude I consideration, of no doubt, one sale consideration, 1 and on the might f'or more than not one of'f'ence punishment prescribed that all Board of Pharmacy inf'orrner, shall to the under Section ie discussion, 63 of the law for counsel of the urge concluding of the State of Virginia of the fines go to bhe Boa.rd of' Pharmacy, It is Assembly surprising of con- of Section chapter, shall imposed the be constituted by this and the other that ie of of this paragraph this it Constitution, in t1upport under Commonwealth". that the punishment prosecutions and one-half among the many by the General or private language "in Statute tha enactment special the the defendants, for 4, and the leam1ed tention . . the of Article which prohibits ' of admits extenathe contended fou~1to in violation t.ion 1759 of more than the Statute strong and definite. objections the guilty to that It 1766 This It to those under preacriboe shall to the offence is plain similar 1766 ten dollars violated, off'ence." it same day, of than lees are and however and each day that dollars, and awkard as applied but not or any of them, separate of Sec. of a misdemeanor, be fined a poison, is deolaration. paragraph one hundred vision~ that The first shall acid and no testimony to contradict be ·deemed guilty thereof, carbolic sechalf immediately ��• • . t ' -21- following the counsel should State is very suggest Virginia", of a "separate, that plain they special that it as special or particular exclusion of the and the public generally"~ effect the proposition secute that" that crimes may be vested counsel have devoting more attention tutional objections. In answer brief is filed by the sufficient Section 1765, served, requiring abuse, fraud, and report the in which they the that nature, already the Statute seeking and safety. • Court to the and occur, cited of who shall to his first to prevent of the it of the not be ob- it will paragraph into all or of Sec. cases of or malpractice, of this county attention". or essentially offenoeSagainst chapter corpore.tion and prosecute Many of' the show beyond is consti- paragraph investigate hereinbefore in question the ror defendants, or the provisionA Attorney Statute, of Pharmacy substitution / that to the the first "to examine adulteration, violations body,- of such as the conclusion to the to and pro- search for "The Board the Board same when brought cases the as a State Commonwealth's the state in support be intimated to law as startling, examination counsel constituti~ all might remarkable learned a corporation, 1757, to to this of Virginia", State it probably to refer quite power to initiate b~<acursory given a special in a corporation Again and power of the can be found exclusive of Pharmacy". Board is no authority Statute, in any under poltce suggestion the proeeoutors of'f'ences general of the "a corporation", sole of Statute, of Pharmacy throughout of men", class from the "Board termed the to the the ie "constituted are quoted this set The further I language peradventure of a public public health ��-22- The attention to matters sought of' the of a personal nature :for the def'endanta Counsel charge own testimony of the very and under closed either not without only his that By reference warrant in full, and it positive, the testimony there his apparently tives Court for of the that under will be seen that the asked respect part of witness, the President of the Board particular to law. to apologise of argument felt the very to in a case is hopwd, however, the necessity Commonwealth to give that in the Bertram In no other the it but he did in every a note but which to a question seem necessary so voluminous submitted and conservative. in the most minuto duties perceive that in to Mr. with or of any other suggestion so unimportant, will it in response It would almost Court testimony, is asked was careful witness, of Pharmacy has failed and one is respectfully law in such matters. of this perform charge, ~or the de~endants, the defendants, a single as are dis- or in the Court violations consideration, 18 and 19 of the testimony stated the under to show the prejudice though for comply with the statute of' the brie~ distinctly by counsel the of' distinct and p. 17 in the Yager case, witness rully of the Board has shown by in fact in this to pp. and so grave. That is a serious he :failed charged of' the Board of' same circumstances The attention testimony case, the cases. testimony he is of the injustice by the distinguished so palpable, he was guilty substantially case. Avis' that in these filed the President provisions absolutely is that the President in the brief' counsel would not be asked were not to be done to the honored Pharmacy of Virginia his Court that by the representafullest �T '. • �investigation to the many constitutional and to endeavor, its consideration enI'orcement community the crimes as far as of this of which of the possible, to aid beneficent Statute, so largely from the blunders questions depends of the the ignorant, the raisecI_, court in upon the safety as well of proper the as from lawless. Respectfully submitted, I t ��r • I �I • 0 0 �.... Vs ) • Haas, of said. Judge agrP-'3rnent Co'.1.rt, Frirl:ty, Febru.J.ry l5t 11, 1907, 3.J1irs,1:-,,nt to 1: of· Cmm'-3~1. n d I \' x. A /.j Vii tneRst., In 011i.,f' 1 3 J ar.1aR L • A" i ...., 9 10 MOTION BY l)~n1~NlJA'JT 'S COJlF,EL, 19 Willian 18 H. Sip~, 15 20 23 M. F. E. John Plory, rJ. Rolston, w. LiR~.,y, 24 25 27 MOTI0H o-;.,JOJ,,.,!0NWEAL'rH1 8 COUNSEL, &c. 27 STIPULATION AS TO TRIAL OF CASE, 27. A1:::.JP, 1.r3.nc i:~s: H. 1\'. B ~rtr1.n:, Esq. , and J;..e~sr • Si!::,e & H.'lr1'.'i9,, f'r;r Capt. A. B. G11.i~on,fo2: G1~0. 'J. Conrarl, Es:q., 25 Def'rlt. St..ttt-) · 0't::r:'rl. 0f' Phqrm'1tJY, At+:,. ;,·or nou:0rn11e8.lth. nnrt ... �_f 1 • ,·•' I r.:,r• r . ' I ' - . ' I. t .· �+,h•~ circni In t court of' Ho~king11a1it county;. co11u.onweal th U9on a99Bal v, ). Tho a Justice from of t~e Pe~ce. P. Yae;..-.::c. '3.8 Transcril)t H'3.3.S, Judge of of the said testi1::ony at .,o•trt, the oft:' .,::":l'~-before ~e'3.rin(; on Prid:U', Juclse Febr T. l'U'!' 1 15t. , . \ l907. Geo. APP:gARAH/JBS: N. /JOll:::''3.'l, ES'-1.•, At .... ,orll8Y ·the A. • G-uigon, Pharmaceutic3.l onu::on.1'FY1th; and ..,· pt. A t+,orney for t,he Virginia Al3SOC 11.tion. APPEAR.Al/JES: H. VJ. Bt~rtram, Esq., ::i.nr:i.i-,t~88r9. Si_!)P- ~~ At :orrn-1ys for +.he r1.ef1-mn:-1nt. Har:i::-is, S. B. beini STRICKLEH, ttly sworn on b1➔ hal-C' o:f th!:! Coirn.1orn'v,11t:1, Q Yo1r n~m., 113 s. B. , t ickl,r? A Colle~e, Yes, in tJiq A Q T. P. M~y, 1. 06, 001 nty? YP,c;, sir. l r. Ya;;i-;r sir. Strickler, 1 9 citore, c!'.l.rbolic or ·nin.? of H:::>. 'l'. P. y, r;e!.·, on +,hµ, 14th d1.y of' �\. �--2-- Q ThiR Vi8.l ha8 o P nn-1:-iirrt, P. Y1.g,r, Q A H, ~. nam~ th, q this of Fr Y;:,o-er's - '.A LJ thin.z cL,rk 3.bout On the Q Penn-18.ircl Q HOVI A pur ch ·:1.'3 e ? Five 1 t.,~::::-rn..--:J8.n on Ac··ct., thi9 11 and ~oit,e lqhel? Rtore? it. 14th m1 rn' Loo e Car. "Tho ns Fr_ n'k. Suter? f.' hiq, Q r.k '7::r'itiH_: on it: clerk. Q or any ::1_,n1k Siter. Vq_. Wh·1t rl.oe'3 the l:1.b 1 wi J-,h t,hi, it f ,tqy is dirt. 1':l.qt. in thi~ 0 pg_y fo c~nts. M'3.Y? county, this i~ a.,irl it, not,? th·-1+, y011 c;ot:, of' hil,,? ��( S. B. S tri<:~klt3r. bottle ) --3-- e~ to ~o? w~8 ~~live Q ert to wa. ther,3 yo 1? A Q the 'rh:i_+, if'l A Q si.I'. Ho, YeR, Ann. triP- icl•=.mtic2l bottle which rlaliver.-yl W'iH to you? sir. conttmts qq_n,-=i that 17!'-'1"1 r .-~1iVf'l:.".'f:<to you at, th·--1_+, st.ore? Yes, A sir. CROSS-EXAMINATION BY HR. SIPE. XQ You A you Dirt you ~itho1t i -~i':i.8 not, 13.beled '3ir. Dirl 'T<)'l c;,~,~ t.h ··:1t •JottlP- 8.10'1lr]_ Yt~s, yo "l)ot tle XQ Dirl A XQ Yo A t al 1 wh0:r: i +, b8 cleliv r./i. +,o :f'i l led? 8ir. 1 BP-8 } Suter, r. no 1'r, lJOur t_lij tle? A 8. label? Ho, Did bot+ 1~ req_,_1;c;t -+:,rnt th~ A A XQ the N0, sir. XQ XQ bo th,3. t ~'1. I d.irl. YO'l. I ~!e hi1:1. g~t it ~3.Vfl t SU:?]lierl Yes, sir. to 1~h,~ ti1,; 8if1PtY bottle? r1im. r)ot+le ::, O' 1r f-3/jlf? crmtents in-to i:.rH} �) �--4-- (S.B.Strickler.) Yo e pty t,11:':l t vial XQ gave And yo him :1.n em:9 ' anri via sk n.ir:1 to i: i ,,t _yo·1 :fl.3.rl? h3.ri no l l'lbel it? 0. 110, 8ir. XQ Well, dirt yo 1 .1 reriu st '1 to be ~)nt on it? said. at 8.11 !1.bont th, lqhel A No, sir. XQ Wa8 any thing label? A Ho, 8ir. XQ yo·l Wh'3.t di,t c:·:1.yto I ask.P,1 hir'.l for A XQ Di~ Y~l han1 A nv }')OrJK.P, A nicl<eJ!s th~ vial 1nri. th·1 +, e .,mpty vi· . have H,1 riirin't q y he rlid it In'.iica+.er,_ XQ He indic~ted A a .rl'itt•~n 10r t ti'3 wortn of ca:rbo1ic or cid, to ~ill? ri.iri. not, hq_v, t th~ c;tore? 01 e I e.J.vt3 11 iu on•~ t. He h!3.d no XQ Dirt h~ had not '1 hir:l When I :ro A Q aRkeri. to tJn + P,f':f'ec t. some thin,2; :Q ~"18TI you cid? c:....rbolic I h-:1.rl in su1:.ar 1;lr. ~ ·'tbO l '3.11.Y h1.11rly not in l1ave any ern:Jty vi ls? c:orne "'18.Y. he riid not that anyffhe have 'lTIY ~12ty vials? 01.rbolic cicl Yes. Then yon wo :proriuced. 1lti not 13.vµ, :;ot-l:.en thB vial y urs1)lf t not c,qy th.at, the vhich yo 1 if you a '3kt-3ri. him to fill f'ro :99.cka.'.?:e? A I 0O 1 1l 1 bec3., s 3 e nia.y have :rm nri an empty bottle. XQ acid What vn:~ :po ired was tht-~ si:::., into your of' t.h~ vial. V8G9el OU t of' 1'lhic:i-i th~ ca bolic ��--5-- (S.B.Strickl•~r.) A XQ ciri? to b11y it. XQ And. 1_.ho yo 1 'N'i s ·1e:t in th , BO'i i o .,... L Ph a:r.macy for· 0 t ere? ObjP,ct,wl to obj,ctio11 'l'3 d ..,fenrtan XQ, You have vrn. · that su_J_ lied A But, t. t11at yo1 to you by th~ the Plficed Board. on this bot,tle Yo thos, tions ti.ir0 in have instrn0+,ions did I don't th0y ~~re wh,t~er XQ Mr. ern:ployed. by all8,'.';ed :1ri tine? 1 Strickler, the this fror.i severql or not. i!'.3 it, not Boar,t of Pharmacy Corumomrn •l th vii th, law by anr' q to fact I don 1 t knmv doz~n. t}nt obtqin ~oing Strickler? Mr. hovr nt!-3.DY tr11-3r,~rr8re. reJ.L!Jr)P,r of' th~ anr 1. exc ~l)- o·:1.rd of Pharmacy the ··r~r __,yo11 su_p::_Jlied co1nted inf'r:1ctiong of lal1nl; label? XQ Horr nt1ny 'f)ottl8R A this of' Ph·.ll'i. · cy? Ooje':'!ti~rl. to 3.R ir:!:'el ,vqnt; sust·-1in8d, tion noted for +,h1~ rlef~nclant. 'Q :9olic1r; notJd for sir? were firf'1t, beinG cor.trary +,o public ~1st~ined ~nd sx00ption st'it~ri. Which, XQ Yes, Parts 1··_r1 yo~1 are per:rr.anently in:forrn'l tion to uerchants ':l.'3king to :!.J'trchase in cA.rbolic o:f these r5.iff'er•~nt acid �\ �( S.B. Stricl<ler. --6-- ) anrt. other <tru2:s? no, A fli..,-•, not perrn-ne tly e!:,ploy'Jrl. XQ Pharma y? not employer!. by tn~m n w. mission? A XQ I don't Did you purch9.'3es of A his 1<n0•.11. not k0~~ ~ r~cord of thd stores you visited? 0ha '3.ct,8r? i:i f'ty Betwe~n I rl.or. 't kno,,, +,h8 anr::.. s,wenty-f'ive. nru,1bi-;r exactly. the "Ftme bu'3ine'3s, l)y th"3 .Bo'lrrl of Phar1 cy? A I was. A A1 t~rnta, A I rton't co·nTtY anti XQ in Well, A the Sh~n::ir,r'i.oah, Lourt.onn, Prince r•m.,1mber, otht.n' about I c:lnnot 3.t Wil.li'3.!'n, Alex 11. co 1 mti\:!!-'i mentioned? h0Vl tell rnany? ~ro 1 about o·•r m:m!'. Several hundred. n- ��--7-- e e- q l h1 n XQ A XQ ..:i:·P.<t? Betw~•~n two 13.nd three Bo·'\rd of Ph·:1rrr:icy wi ti1 r~ A.r'1 to yo J.r 0 A T venty-:fi cents anti. fi:fty on eac cover Y~tr travellir3 A Ye""'-, ~ir; contr·:1ct 8xpe~qes th· s r;ql'lry, 'v •·Lvice: this your two rtollar'3 and and other ivt~rB ,:?'iir:l. ex:L ses ex~dns~s? · _ ,i t}1if' ~,2. :iO Pharnacy. of e9res,-mtd0. thi '3 Boqrri. '3al~ry, Was +,his XQ How rnueh , irl YO'J. rac .,i ve? xr~ I rlon 't ex:::,ense~ 1<no';• t1Ltt, Hav,~ you rec,~ived A XQ YoTr rec:11lt of A Ph rrnacy in m,:ikin.:_: thi!3 No, P,Xceyi: i0:r: -ro:-,~r~_Hf'e1 ,t .._nt. snst:1.incd; XQ A or you? -1it,}1 1 Obj 8C tion; f:,:,om th., t,he nd two dol1ars a ,.o t_ '3alary oi: m:r expense9 all The Soard XQ \I o XQ :for 'Ii th conviction? A t1e oo ~85. to Who ~r.1s to XQ salary .1.1.ve ~oriviction. :for flR~h XQ And _ron. receiverl pen. 2tion 11r3.Y. '-7o,i.lrt r~01.,::_J~11s-1t,ion 1101::..,:1rsa month TP, I 1,vh t 3.1"!.'arc;P,rn1mt difi. YO'l St.ri0klf~J', Anr.L, Lr. hnni.red, 8.Tirl. Rt 01r1 .iR 8i on 1Jaid t,o you? ·1.ll. !J.ny hL;; on 3.J~o,u1t of' Jo1wictiorn-3? sir. corn:!_Jt-jns,-t tion, penrlin,'.?; YeB, 'Iha t dirl t 1en, :!:)roae'3riin[;s; Ni tl1 reg ll"''l to 1:,h3.t iq con iction i9 a f1.Jt, , arui i~:. not? c::L. yon do 'Vi th thP- V3. io 1 1c; rIT l[:;S th1.t YO'l 911r0'11.3. c;ert m r...,_ 1nt. ? Objection; XQ Well, rrhqt +s 1St'linHd; ,u,1 Y01l r._o 'Vitri exc~.)+,ion t.lP. cqrboli :for (l~fenr\.q1 t. �. , �--8-- (S.B.Strickl;_.) say _Jurci1a y01t XQ Wllg_ t, rtiri yo·l . in 1) OX, h..,vLIJ-.,.-' 8. Ke~t it in q box XQ Mr. Avis iB f:1. XQ Ha'3 he XQ th'3 box Jh~n A X \I at of' is 'l :r. it salf bottle thP, Mazistr"I. te The fact m:1t t~r of Mr. Can not M..• HAB'US: It ltH. COlUl.Ail: I it a~t8~ q~~ in ~l~n~rt 1 !'3 1 B not court. Yag~r bein~ a regist8:r8d of' lJr•Jof GUIGOi~: Secretary onn1-:intion 1'.'i th +,he State q~e? KR. the B sore. H'U'risoni::.nrg? R~e + is You c..q_noff THF] OOU'{T: wr~ L 1 Avi9 in MR. HAH:-{IS: MR.. OOlmAD: 8 18 • Avis? in yo 1 1r MR. GON_AD: PhJ.rrnaci ~t i~ Mr. 1 l oRi tion yry1 fir8t ~i~ I AV i j'll:_1". • !:lir. ch·1r~e ir i hare <tr11g2;i 9t -'lTIY o:ffici Yes, t, P ,... ,,,tr'J e?. I , ·0 ~,.i t. 1 1 it,? A A to lJ. + }CJ_!_)Jt I A , • "h m tt~ 1.;111s •JOt+l J .• e -'"'~ .'., ... ,.,_. r11.r.-. Ya"'-",,_ in '3f:Vl ,T.• th.-1 t !)roof,9.nd fact i8 11Gre1-:Jcl;but co,11,1. 119.Ye har 1.fit~ c;o in t,h·, of' the Bo'1rri We will ) .Secretary tt.J O t t the or qua sti0n of' Phqrra'lCY :Ditt lt::1'.'. Avis to it. 'an ae;re1-:Jrl.? I WA.nt l·+, to emanate Yo l Cl)'.11,~ wri Sta to not object vill 1 t,he fro state ':Ulri for 1·,arrl anrl have on +.h~ 8tanri . _ig '1.1,:;_prov,~ :1 ~ron Bo3.rd it 8.1: 9• :P.r it �.' �--9-- (J::1s.L.Avis.) St3~e for or of Virginia? A All A I g_m in my 8ixty-second sixty-t~o r1y lift3. year. ye~rs? A Oh, no, b1t A Ye'3, since I waF, olrt eno 1 i.~h -- a out forty not? Q lihJ.t is Q State, A Q your yo if' in thi!3 Laird, c:;ir. officin.l co1nr!ction kno'v, 1'7h8ther hr. t co 1mty, He is a rP,giste1•i~,1 it? Thon1a~1 P. pharmacist Yar;er, of Penn- or not? not. Carbolic acid A c:iir. is it? Ho, i9 1,fit,h is not a :P:!'o~?rie t3.ry me11.icine, c11:0tain Av is, �\ ' \. .. �... --10-- (Jas.L.Avis.) it lei Q poisons rlome9tic :l is re~1ire~ remer'v -- rl_or.•eqtic to b8 91t, on carboli meriicine? acid. Ans 1:rer 19 objf:l'Jt•Jri_ to, beO'll 8'~ 'l ~nr'l not,~ ~t~t~~~rt of ract. but s t.-J.t,e i 'i:. A Q her~ +.o give st'l es of' this Pre::;are they arnl a riorn.,:-3-t,ic r? it. •~virlence and. not mi=.n•~ly to · n8 rnr strictly country prohibit <tllo ni- it ao consirl~r the to b8 qolcl 'nl1~ o:f carbolic 1h1?n the 11 T3Y h 1L acid pnrch'l ser of' it, a W~'lke-r pre9aration any 11 t+,le to rri.u•Jt in its r:...,k~c:i kno"'m hil? 1.•:ant • HATFUS: iG in it? gra<i.e of c·1rboli~ acir'l. of' a v 1'ffY ;:;oori c;r~.rle. acid. i 9 :!_.,::~: in ted. not a solution, acid it I w~1l~ only air, rerne rJ_0SS-E>C/\HINATI01I carbolic aq of' lrvr ,nt Plir. A d i!'3 not, No, it I 'm0.P,r 8 t::inrt Yee:;' A 8.Gid; 'l ':3 9t'.ltf'3!. I ts Thi c:; is on.or what 1 10 tlcl inriic>'t te that it ic:; kno •m as co:r-it·:erch:i.l is not carbolic �• \., ; j , ' "' ·, , !' , 1 _,_ , ff•' �( Jas. L .AviB. --12-- ) Ci'3.l." XQ J t are C'3.llwi. by th8 m' 11nrl.erBt~1nding V'3.X'ieties ()Tl•; stat8~ s ucom~erci~l A c•)!:u~erc ii' You h3v0 known XQ rei·1l use, a_ d Ro are th,1+. the l8Wl l:)y those thqt th~r0 rorr1. ucomrr..ercial arP, faniliar h is 11 11 med th the 111i it. of XQ ~cid it yitl)lic; ,1 [j::::'an.es? 11 uCOITll'.L!'1Ji•1l :Lt iB not tr1:it hey riot i1 conJi:.on con Well, Is 11 th8r•3 o-t: t"riis grad.e, th'J. +, i:.hey ar c'3.~~olic or self ~r, ~e of c~rlolic +,hos,~ grarl~s, in .1:.·"1r~_ ,'3. •:1 a)er inct.ic3.+,ive morF! c0:11':10nly used J a chea.~~ a~ict. 11 '3.Tf; !'JijVf;r noi:. +.hP, +,P,rm i is of' t,he 9.nrl., i9 0orri1.:erce th 'lD cor!um it not tse q in f'1.~t -t:,hP,pure c--irbolic aaid? the •10rri 1 c01:u..erf:!i•1l 11 11 I <to not th'l t i +, iB kno'vn gnnerB-lly XQ aslting it I '.lff; how it · s not desi~n3te carbolic ..,ot tri-1t Rolrl A no+, a9king ache a <J cor.t'·.erci·1l you ho'.7 it tern in comr: erci8. l W~ll, 9er it 1.73.nt to be unrl•;2'· +.nod ac-i 9ayine i·rnr::. if, known, ':i<3 ·1 1 but tte:r I a of fa1Jt, rarL? if-3 a term gr~~e. ii:; r;1;ner·111y tr:i.rl.e, in 8-Ciri. __,ener·1lly And it q99lies used in -t:.h;; t:i·ad.e to to other ~oo~s b~ irt acid. XQ B 1 t <to yo 1 t kno17 wh~ thtjr for years it ha'3 l'),j<jn co:: '.U)nly s �' . �--13-- (Ja . • L.Avis.) th, cou::on"!r•nl v-at'i.t~ thq_+, of' o farmers anti in thi~ it, by t1-J.e rn1:::rchat,t'3, for domes ic co,1nty as part1c,.1la:rly, IB not p1r9oa,3'3? thq t, a .,i c3.rboli fg_ct, hr. '.1 Avi8? ell A s~ll it, , f'or -- I do,not kno.,v any thin al)out 0 +,h:1.t. aeid? A Merely thil ~;_' of t,h'lt XQ T aboit is md h8n ho1.1. es, it a ve"I:y comr:-.on 1:=ie for i-Iot use, a eo!nE,on US8 it Do they A X'l It qould but it in is t.11,1 used. to Mr. state ancl Cd'3s-::_J0ols, .,ount~.r-? "by 9. r;re'l+, m-'ln~,r on th8 Avis, effect o~ that s::9:r:inklf~ n1 o'mr~ h•~n ho't88S 1 A Wel 1, 2;rarie. som'3 othwr XQ B 1t '/O'tlrl_ A And designed I mi:3rit I have or ucn +,hato to 9 ff·er ·uiy inj 1 tr;r '1•Jid? a. })e1:')on wo11.ld if' for bnsineo,q . 0rses o·i~ horses? ~ny ca9es. would. ~ro11 .·enri. tl18m th::,.t grar:8 XQ 8ho11lrlf3:rs USf:3d COl.l!.,8!'(;i•1l C9.l'bolic inforrn~tion XQ a risky ':'lVf:3r kno rm any A I cqnnot uJner~l on 3:allen be 1 H:1.ve you fro1:1 havin;: is 1 hen houses. XQ acid ar kinn. ·1-1:, A to sprinkle P, of of ,nri. +,o you f0r 8 ~rboliJ ~oods. soJ,lH c.1.rbolic ac; a diqinf8Ctf'lnt rJ1313q-:p00ls -:ct t,h,~m that, c:;,-wer-11 th,J."':. ~r~de o:r· claq~ ::1.ci(l? or I mit t Rer;rl +,hen ~r des. of c·1rbolic :1.1Jiri anB 1¥t=Jr th1.t 9nr~)ORe? Ye:-;, Bir. 10uln th 1 '3.t to b~ 1sed? be t'r'L pur::_J0 !3e fo:t' "L itJh tn:1 t era de of acid �,. ' . .: \ ' I ,_I , \' ',, ·-r ... 1_' ' . ' I �r • (Ja .L.AVis.) --14-It A 1 i"3 tri~ 1bo b 1 :r XQ But carbolic to to th'3.t v11.icri i-t is ,'.;8ner··illy nrl }'1i8 1en ho11c:ie or pur::;io ~ir, I wo 1 1.lrl eitl-18r he rna.ri'e knovm carbolic exactly. kno ."l Well, They XQ th '3.t hil:3 !) 8P,nd ~ U!.'8 f _m o-f !)Oison b':3 as Mr. Avis, J2:.. would c;om or to Jrale or +, •:: n~P- o-r it. ~if~erence the "'linilar ~ ~01 carbolic a.cid. th~ pure c3.rbolic ouJ.d an•::iu~r tln.t bet7~Jn Which in acid or bolio I 9'1:' thqt Avis, acirl. i '3 '1 +,hat orrlinarily bee iro1'1 m:1.ny rlr0.9g I 'Jll•:rntion cone:;irl~r ..y_ 11.ear'l.l:' poi c,ons. th·.1- -1:,1,1,~ orrling,ry 1 of lJure ted 1:1or•~ 00ncentr'.l .'0 1..o not 1 'lnr:l rl ,ari.ly cid.? corre.:~r-0i:1l gr3.n.e of' the ,h, i-., nsert 1s•~ it af'l a (lr 1 g__,i9t c rboliJ :rmr., C'lrboli:1 rnBrl.icin·:1 lly, a0i'l. '.l-~i anrl 00,1.lrl. b,, 1. 0·tlrl not t. e 911.r, tak8 cnff11Y, s - me,acine? A Well, acid on 1 t kno•:v th'3.t I 1.rP, 111 i:-L1.ri.ly :poi9on :Q f'or him th·:lt that hir1 n1;-v', k1 o·n- !)OBe -- · nr~. th!-1 9ure acid YO'l '38.Y, TIO"!, Hr. A -- gra~e? cor.~erci'3.l A not I "10·1lrl '3e? th., more 0O110....-ntrat~d i:or1r1 of poi<Jon, the by cess-:s:iool, v,oulr: you senrl XQ You ~ave ~ec::;cribe~ at som~ l~n3th commt-3rcial r,ut in yo 1 n~ profec::;ciion skillwt ac:i a disin:fectant, Yes, A if 11ser'l f'or. g,_mrin~ to yo l tn c::;:9rtnklfj aro. ~,3ne:rqlly '3.!'lfFl'•!r 1 be il"l i + not? it, he i8 :3.::!id gr'.lde, purpos:i,~ an ex:rJ~l't rb:'it.:;~ist Pl1arnr10y, c19er1_ ou.r:1;11. t to it Th'3.t rro 1 1lti r:1,'11<.~ ,n~ r.n:,cP.a c::;t:it•~1ant th1.t A b~ •:1h::-1+, T at XQ per·;ons 18 'r)e ·3.bo I ~19~0~e, t th~ or~insrilf, aver:1 6 , dose. n~ d op of' ~1r carbolic �., j • I \ I L , ! 'IH' L.• (. 'I ,- f ·J - ·' (.' _i ' ..l . r ' �--15-- (J. '3.L.Avis.) XQ x3.mined one only '.'Bl ..91J, 1.n to 1J0t.1l s1.m2,Jles which A c· rbolic Well, clo · lsinei:,s irferior ju~gmJnt, A th•~r~ si:r, Yee;, sir; only as ic; a good r_t-J tl 3. 2:00'1 it e you har1. 01 ve want put ':3t~t} • 1 to H<-3 YO'lJ'.' ~ 1 rieal of' e coM~ercial up in h'l.nrtlect. by the ~·1·1.y of erchants t ,,1i th n.rug::;iRts. rlirec grades ~ t here, exhibit~rl TherP- is 'cid. wJ o d.o not are is t'11 t, oft. rt•o9 1 ,8 t l·=tn And JO t t. inlc. that of acid? c'l.rbolic I r•3;;•un_ bot:h ::J.9inferior :i:-11rtes of c9.rbolic acid. And yon. s1:1y thii t ... ,_f~ ordin1.:::.·/ graries ~ morP- de!:l.d.ly th cont3.in grg_ es MR. SIPE: acid c3.rbolic acir1., chens~ it .;011lr1 1 n thA :P,trP, era.rte? ot} ~:r c,1 tbst, ( Int W'3.''l not nces Jr!]Oflin._,) i1 2,Jri:!inated 1hic'rt are 1 Then ':l',l9 be so :.9oisonons the 1·rnrri "imI)re~naten. i-f less th~ c3.rbolic inj--1.rio t!'-3 il rpuri ty .Poisonous as the 11 -t,o "dil of y11re 1ted. 11 acid are to · nm3.n life with r,hich +.ht, th1.n th~ c3.rbolic article? I 17ill ��( Ja 1. L .Avis. ) m:ight b•.3 diluted with 'l'h :.n you XQ nd bi~ or.:90 XQ Is O , y ':l :)OiAon. qu~stio. Tile ,A, 91fb'3t.q1 is., rn·ilrtn '+ the id.!'\.~ i +, vonlr Avi9, g_re fe.r1 ;1;~orl mi-my that q thi1 ~s a ':3 Jarbol ic poi~ono,rn q9 th•~r.-i mo__fl :9oiB01 ons. tlldr.1~ arB th,lt, th· t r.i 0 ht '30I:P- ":.. in~ in t:Lid? 9.r1~ P,r1 t8.lly '301::., 0-f +JHn mor~ 90. XQ IR stores, the o 1 l· r. ',i1~, ,q, gre".l.t ~<.) th n th•~ cg_rbol 'J ac;iri.? th- t :.,.re ~n~od.ucts A :!.)Oi'3onon9 11~99 th:'¾.t ct, a f not pharmac011tic~l so; ·-1. 00 ipo11nd it v13.q ?:lii:;11.t bf'! riil1 +,t~d vith it Well, chemic~11 'l ".'i th +,h'l+, unrJ..-)r<1t 1Y)ii. r::y qw~stion. 1~91:::; :!.JOi9OI1OUS A forn thine; !301!10 h'-1.V:; not ,,.~-r ! r;_ilnt,wl it if --16-- it gi::ner· cop9er2s de9.d.ly Mr. it b 1 lt o.monn , o-r soln tion XQ ecl th·1t ·1. b~ i +, no, '1 :farmi::; re1 erties soirt ·1.bout -'-,hr1 anrl a •; a ,::;re·:it uany in •1.1)m~R Is 9oi9ons? l)Oison. 'l ir, sol 1 11:.ion in 'l dJ)q,~ 11011l<i.1),~ f2 t,.11? '3.!1Y borty likely of co~.)ei-·as H01:1, i~ th8 thBr,; not i +, is ~oruestic t1. Aviq? 1"/0'llti w11 Jo:99eraq Well, in a1Y1. 1.u-1ert on lly, a ~oison, H01.v A t~qt ,o mtry, poison, XQ a fa,t of' th~ +,1-1,1 ::ci.,o::_Jld not no~ 1'70'11 11 t8Xt:J 9. "l f'f'icient to ma_:•~ '3. f'. t,:-1.l rlose. fq".}t, 2:r1::1t r::St.nY ::;;.:('o~:irietary thTt 11a i, lHtrnt and racP-ntly rliq0ovr'!r- b,'!rm 1w~dicint-~s arr~ neari.ly oi -:::;ons? 'Q Is it not en. to b•:J })ohrnns a fact, Lr. proprietary -- Avis, that r..e<i.ici.nes and. rlru;:; storP-!3 in H.ockir1r~har, co,rnty A No, sir. , strictly exactl X In ~1kin3 I rio:r11 t kno 11i sold no 17 out th•~ '3tores of ·-i.nrl Jl9ewhere? th'lt 8peq_1<.in~, a!1 d~8.ri.ly a so~1tion t ey h·:1v~ hP.en d~r:1on9trat- I am aY1ar8 of t,h'lt f11ct, poisons. of C'lrbolic a~iri 'lnd ~iter for rtis- �r • .. J . . ,. .. '· .. .,. ! �--17-- (Jas.L.Avis.) 1n:f'aotant sar P, _purpose -_p11r _.,ose, A, in wonlrl. yo th8 1. ~fi!'.18 l)lace th8 sol tant \ hic'h tion XQ to 1··tF1.8 pro1,ertiea A If yo '7() lld a!:I a pnr•J I Himt +o yo,t t,l1,; q the1·e violatert is !.r. THE Av anr:::. th,; ll'•3 C>i:!'.'1:,ol.ic :ioid th.nn is? c:;rarl•; of' the ·1cid I 7'1.'-'1 tRin~. of' acid. c;rariri for qome cg_rholic a-:;irl, a e;r:Fld Hr. anri +,~stinony rel'lte8 in- ~h~ couwr: provi8ions Your OJ-:' to the no 9P.n·1l+,y ir::.poBw'L 1.oon none of y use0_ :f'0:!.' +.,h·~ sir. Yes, AXcl,1.rtP, '111 of' th•~ 'Tl ter, o. l. ()_'), intenrLd of' ty of nore A ~ot nee~ sarily XQ '}Uanti mot.ion St:-ickl~r content him c;o rmch th9 bottle o.r the st:1tnte of sai~ is, of or· r.h.-1.t q of bAi~G hP, ·:-ias act. t l'l.t one 'ivho i8 not a J>~::i;is- �) �--18-ter11ri 1~ not :ph'3.r .-1,::i9t me c_ ·:.int t ...,,rLfen 1R. 9.nt is SIPE: to c111bject 1i+, in 1ot ~ant ie +,:rv~!_)FF1'llt;y; ~o OV8 strike to 1 ttrnri, t,htj Co m.,onvv,~~1t'h h8. r; in t:-con. Yar; ,r is not a onl:' m1t ~ll of th...,, +,h , t q'ho''IinG H:i:-. exc~~)t a r...,,9;i8t,1-; 1-:;rl 9,1arJ118.Ci, t. MH. GOHHAJJ: or ijJ the You do lo of the :f~ct MH. HA11:1.Is: MR. SIPE: we'll th h bAin13 l'.)I'OViRionc:: of' +.he a~t? Le evir'J.,jnce acid th·-it rl.eny, ·'3.!'3 introri•.1~ed meanl:l th·3.t this i<, C'lrbolic to Strickler? 8'lle r1_oe~ not Our motion It then, on t,hos, evirt~nc, the t,_\·1t, !Gean th'l points i t ·1t 8.11. ,hich 'th 1~ co::u.1on- i. ::-e1~~v1.nt 'lnri q irn..1'1:t<·}::r'ial. tion tion in act th~ merch.-:1nt -but that i:f the1·e regi'3ter1~ a:9~')ly to not ctor~9 ther1-; i8 i , then thP, of ~ale no !'.)i:::n•1l ":.y att3.ched it d.oe~ not ·199ly c r olic qci y 'l +,o th,~ ::.n"ohibi +,ion, to mFJr0h"l.nts who ar"1 r.o t i. _ h,1.r1.a3.cists? MR. SIPE: The motion Ye9, spe·-li<H for sir; i tsdlf; i-t i.' brnt,rni :fnlmen is o 1r po<::i+,ir)n. iF: o., recorri. it 'l'J.JSTI :IOHY O~J ~ EHAL? OF D:F.:FtJJIJJAN'r. V!ILJ,IAM H. Q ,..n.at A Q Rockin~ SIP}~, 1)µ,inG f'irc;t, •wor 11, t~1c.;tif' iert a c, :follm, i:'3 yo·l.I' ocr;1tp8.tion? I a.1, Ho~·r long '.l h'3.Ve y,) l. be ;n in the ll,f-:3:cchantil1~ b11siness in 1:.11..co·1n+.y? A Abo1t t~Hnty-:fiV9 Q Have yot is ().Uly con~10 0ond10'ted uffi1ally A I h1.ve in ~8'3.rS. ed ~ b1Rine~s storeR 80nducteri. in 'i ~hts goort th2t is r~th~~ larcer than county? 9izwi business. I -:.hink it s; �.• �--19-- ( Wm.H. Si~)P,. ) ~ Let me Y .,9, A can Q freq_u,Jnt ch<3.ng~ th q_1•~~tion c:onri'1.ct, ·1nd 9i~. l88 of' o:i.rbolic acid in th~ way of A no ~ro,1 lit+.le. st·-i.+,e 1.vhetri,31' +,hA l),0.:.,1•~ of yo·, disinfectant, /:-1. Ye~, 8 It ir. +,he cor.J .. nity :for dornaqti., sprinkling is 2_J1rl')oses o~ h~· generally in 'N ich in r.JR+,+,ers of hm1'38S and cesq-~ools, to 11,fJP,r:, of' r.w +J,.~ be~t knowled,2:e. the use c:irboli of ho-..ises in \ hy, I m•~9.n to ·r-1h1.t s:1y, to or B0!1~a tir.e~ sor:1e thin~ of i+, in vn.+.er. hor.1e, ancl ke~p Now, 'i bottlP- •,m·1 :for of 1t ri tell sores; iR t,}'11~ it is it used? your of nit t11e fg_rm thi-:: , th::1 t it· if' I kno. J'.'oom all <::1 "l h0riv3 th~y He 1. ir:11;ort·u1t very sto}~e anr:l hav~ in +J11t kind, at home, in that extP,nt kt~1-j_ing 8.nd peo ~l~ places; s.toulcier, J~he beRt 1 t!.':D0'3e'3 aro ic :;:J domes I haVt".l considered 1 it, fo!' 'lCid for /e h'1.ve be,m A c:1 l ls to county? thi!3 A Q ~F-:me:>:"11ly 11s,~rl, i on f~rms? knowletiJe, their SJY it And you Q '.'l'J. 9 h, 1 se for 1·ro.1lr'l. Get rl. aro :tncl a sore woulrl 1'rar t to ::_Ju-I:, nor:, orn.~r•-Y'i. 80;.18 o:f t.h~ t,ir.~. '.:l.t m.r o'."in �r ~ \ J I' ' I • • I' ( Wra.H • S i pe • ) --20-- �(Wra.H.Sipe.) --20-- 'l:ro h0US89 in-i ._ M th e coun ,J._., • -;, t.,....r? Ic• i· t not, ... a f~>e:t t,h::d, +.h,jy V ,l'Y :fl'f}- obse:rvqtion? V8.tion, only but :f':rom irrfP,:rence qt it to believe+_ i'3 1'3e1. Y i H. GUIGON. OROS -EXA1.fINATIOIJ 1:!.~. Strickler bu.r No, A THE COUHT: carbolic acid, ·-:111y ~ 1roolic f'ror.r. yo ? ciir. I U!rl.e1·stanrt YOU to say t.1·1t :,o,, <'ii gener~lly? Di,j A Yes, A no, sir, no<; that an:v C::ise ag1.i:r:8t hac, 8Ve:r been acid I kno•• of. l/o; I cton't r.,e. +.h· t? HR. HAR::{IS: St.ricl-<:le!" SP,lJ. sir. XQ Sir? tell not Yo 1 l. C'lnnot bo~:ti': t, oa:rbolic A.cii tell qt l'lhg_t hi 9 YO l - e rd. '3-t;ore. t,hink t, ,re ��(Ylr::.H. SiJe. --21-- ) he3.r8 ...y. tion. THE COUH.T: No, I ,, n 1 t think t,h·it ':1onlrl "bt! XQ Have yo1t ·::i.ny in er•1~c:t in thtj o t coiw; Part whether by I might t11.e dP-ci~ion o ~J:!'0::) 1::r, YOJ. cas 1-; hBr.,? of thiB th1.t but r;o1.11-H1 f'ror:1 hHar8!lY bt=3aff' ~ct~d. of this case, is it not'? herl3? of Lierchants are XQ Hav8 yo inte:res 1 ted. cont:ri' uted to·il/ rds the •~x:9enR,j o~ rl_~-f~nrUn;~ this C9.'3e? XQ Whe th•Jl' :.'OU r'19.V ►3 aareed to, OI' r'18_VP, rlon~ it 1 f-~ither one. �:r • I ,. ,,c .. . ,. ' ., .r '1 t ' ,. ,, ,, •' .' .. �•\ - • f ... . (Wm.H. S i~Je. ) tine he waci p1rrcl1·:1sin[; carbolic acid :f 0::1 ti1~r !. J'!: J'11.!1ts, n-=td~ a Strickler XQ Anri yo .IT to be rH9ortcrt n:1m13'ia" for selling in th~ liRt carbolic of merchants in thB qci~? A RJt~-DLU~0T EXAiHJTATIO_ st: lf'? RRSUMED 3Y M:1.. ,.)IPE. crJ L ty �.. �.. ' --23-- Q est to Is the it ffierch11 MR. A IS: Q not a :fq,ot <ol1a. t +,O,, i,~rch ·rn ts ts I riirl not Vhert:! rlo Yon live? 9qy ~ny s 1ch thini. o:f +,hia Go u·;onm,.<1 th �-, ' ( .,, \ \ J ,· �--24-experi,~nce concernP-0., i I A Q ciir; Y1':lq, Will A any kind !JUt Ri-~,1.it I 1. t v9.ri0 kP,P,:::; it k~•~::_) it +,o +,'1,~ court OJ 1 tci yo 1 ,e.· l!irf sive, I usert rnve '!_)it t anrl I have often shoulders it I rnar1.13of Q Mr. it, is t,hB aeirt ·1cid you have ob'3•3rved? el 1, :firv. it geriP,_'il I think I d.on thing yo 1 1. ';Vill f'ind F1 • FD ORY, duly in ve:!.'y o:r-P8n- th:1. t 1Y•1Y. fo:::: hoQ;'3 11,hen cholera ~•rr:i_c:,, in th~t s·1y a·3 to ia all abott to just every ·1l:>011t 7'1~ tolrl all one Yo·:i. 1.vill ·e81.::>sit, 0f' b1t +,hP, fact. as a barns. +.o ~t·1nr wrrnrn on b Jhql o~ ~he Ro f:1r '-19 a'-', to m,IT kno·:rl8n.g, is th~ -:hie} in use. ~11~, I U18 +,iue. th•~ ext~mt ve-ry gen0 Tha.t it 0::r-•)R of' t,hP, 110·1s1; t,o 11se it i t kno'N th:1.t The ·vitnc9'3 }1 • it 0 ir ,1se amon,'.; f-3.rte2·s ieneJ~·1lly, ev Jry barn. in rno8t Of' co r.8, co!nr:on or a1 d i .... i8 in wh· t rio yon in c3.rbolic to uhic"h. ~isinfectant, anrt I k,J-~:9 i+, l) ,t+,y neq_r ·1.11 of Hhories, A use ,ii..e. a q a :r.·~rnerl.y:foi· chickP,ns I believe use th,3 of }10rses, or, th8 in svrill-tubs it us~· s? 1ome? [;' l lerl I live WAtrnr. s 1r;l'l ::\8 -- 1_;:.. ~J!lim~ vr., iouR tht~ 'hlYS, n.:~·E' ;lll !_):?et+.:, ~ hot 1 1 y0·ir f'o h0rse9. a o~t i +, i l!:!~d :,o 1.iffi8'1 to you Qljq'Jri"b~ /:l.1...,irl1n.s c'1rb0lic 1 11.,1.bi t H,3.ci i 1, 1),,,,m your Q have a·1iri.~. o:f rL:f1~n,'l.-i.'1.t, t9sti:.f'it~rl ').S fol ...O·1.,: Q You ·1re A Q Oh, A Q Will Ho, y(~ ., A. f•1rm,r, ·1re :ro.1? "lir. I belieVd Black~ /01l ar, not. Wh·-:t t i8 y0 1 1r OCI'! 2_'.);:i_tion? ithing. yo11 i=3t~➔·,t~ t,o th8 court whether or 1 ot you 1c:8 carbolic �T • ,, '' (• \ J. , ' ' . ' �'' '. --25-- I far 3.i=; I know, sores on ho:r:-geR th::1t I rnnlrl see raw-like vo.1111. r.,comrnenrl Q State Q Yo1 live Q mo J the yoit Yl38, neqr Dayton, sir; rarr;ly Yo 1 s·;1.y thc3.t yon How do yot -- +J-nt horseR in the farm~r it, it "101lrl be acirl ob9ervation, it is a conur.on co111:.-,uniy wht~ro-:: yo,1 live? of Rockin~. use it? on .ro .tr pr,~r:,irrns '.'ri t,hont 3.r0 n~ver I ::;o()d. am connt.r are I b~li9ve? CROSS-EXAMINATIOl. XQ yo 1 ir farmer '3. :for bL. '.,.... +,he b:- Rho 1lr'l.P-:rs, anti. I :f'rmn qre thin~s sir. You k~•~9 o::trbolic ])o A Q thP, collar th;-:it :1nd wash with ~et Rolston, Ye9, dif:fe2·,mt seP. qoo 1t -4-,hP,shop whet.r1.~r or· not., SquirP, A VO'J.lrl ih,~rfJ to ho1..rn•::hold re .edy Q f0r '3.l1ri..I J.'P,GOl~n,.,-n rl it it UBer[ it. ,.i tho11+, it? nnrl 1tse it a8 �" . I ' I ,I • { I ' ' r• I 'I '' l " ., . i ' .1. ,. j f' < ,, I (. r \ <. ••• �--26-- (E.C.Holstor:.) A tock. If' ·; 1en the he i7.3.nt any stock ~P, H.., tHlls • :i::-1J111 ~ ~ a tc:: h rrt : -- ~o r.9.1<1~ ·=t W3 The veterinqry f'o:r stock o •38 or qn, thin~ c'.lr · 1:.or.G e ;:-jeci· 11. onµ, of ol 1.tio11 of ·1 '3ol 1tion rn1.kes 1 Jik8 that -- th•~ -f'i:'.'.'~t +.hiJ ~s olic acid. Do yo•1 of cq_rholi6 acid. +.:hin~'3 t,h·tt rr~, 1·;i:f13 th.i:nk'3 externa.11.r? it A .n c,ir • Y c;, er: it You hgyP, , 9. '1 h 11.s..,s, &c.? chicken A co11lrl. not THE That COURT: ar.1on2: the A of A I th ink 1:1'-3 is it hnrt, to r~k8 1 There Yes, CONRAD: A Y8'3, ·ens. co,mty? ond of' th• ➔ Sq1ire acid. or., t 1at ther reno o th~ veterinary thin~s carbolic of Rol. co·mty first f'l"O! .. 1? .ian are rtru~ stores? rnu.1be~,...o-r thd!!1. ~i · gr~n are t r:1any 00 r:r. ni tie- in t11,3 c;ir. And a goor:i !:d· 11y 3.I'~ ::".'~!:lote -f':-:•on. 1):3._ -!'00r.1S? <:iir. Wi tn~}S C()Ol)S? ic; a sol~tion not, a f'act, Y1-jq, Si!' +.. 1-1 chic '.'f1.."'- it whi te·.n.a.~-- chick.er-: I !11:H.r ! 90. e;ets to or:-1p 11ysicians? A }.m: know thJ.t f.'1.rm1-3:r-s of Rockin~fnaL MJ.. GUIGOr: f' '7i-ii tei.•,ash 1 1 in Rockin~h:1r0 neighborrio,.,ris rt.nnote in he •13. tr3:r- to o::· not,, l, doing XQ Is t it !JU in it C3J3es 1vher.., stock s9e~ks thP, of' OllP- Yon Put Do yo :Q is rto ·:it.!lout. A use 1 t a~ r8g'.lrri veterin::1::l'.'y corn s to se•~ 119 t,h3.t is XQ ap..9ly We 'Yl Q ~ olrl -i-,o '3tand q c:ii1.e. ..,o,m ty �\ r. ' . .. ; �(Jobn V.Li --27-- key.) JOHN w. as 1.re ·=t f'qr O rl~l' t1:c:;ti:fied r1.•~f F1't.:U1t, }-{o ;1<.inrfn.'1.LCO' nt,y? Of Do yo,1 itcie c rbolic Q A Yes, :1.cirl on yo·1r ::_)_,mises? 8ir. Do yo 1 k o·"l ''ih~ :'rv:ri:·it Q Rockin3: is A Yac,, o:f, l r. a co rr.on houi=, -f'lcl0 0ormr.on hO'l''nho i;;, rer 8 r i! 01 your c,i.r. yo1 Lisk,.JY, A Y J c::;, 9 .1nrl. 1rou bP,lie vms tolrl YO'lr F onor o:f:fer~,, l)y t,h8 rtefendant, and irrelev·1r. GOHRAD: 11t~ S'.:iid -- 11 wh8re Wt-3 MR. SIPE: in rr33qrd to co irt th8 t. !ire the 11 trial THE 0 OU:tT: I ~t ~he ne~t t~r1 He e ce!)t +,. (~ ~.o 'il 1 of to c,tr.ik•~ anr~ Loire ~Jlea.se, the not aq to -- a '.'i 11 be~ ar out it ac; hr. 0 0 t,o 1:>P.'lt c}ui~or, +J ,-3..t +,he 1ed by 8or:1e h•-1<--: ridence P, 1 bri _,fs be t"i,; ,n 00,1rt. have q little written ti~1lation cgc;e. ln'1.':3J'.'St3.ncl that or~l likP- i8 1 bettP,r of this as 1Jo 1ld M Our imdP,rstan~.inc; the case tA:i:-m of Had,~ d asir;_e. :plea RP,, nnderstqndinrt '3.Wi t,h·1 t tr1,3 next ~•n-.e:!."1.lly? . co, nty, . 0_1~finite 'HVl now· closP-d, t is an'i Ii: Bta to If l H. iR a conmon 0 it in Hockin.'.;h'3.m farm.,r MH. GUIGO:.-i: inr:.2terial 1 }_'.)re ises i:r • Wi tneRs te~tir::.ony +J1qt :,0.1- r'._o k~•:n it c;--v o,1.Bi-3holri. rP.medy, r•'!!:JP-rl./ amon~st 1 absol 1. ..fr'.l 001m +,y? Q read t.h•~ · ir. Y~~, A is on b ,h'11:t:' of' followr;: Q as B'Vorn LISKEY, the ~vi~9nce eviri,~r.c~ d.,livere~ D01.'i taken sll·-111 be on tri~l at th~ ��--28-- tir::.e. That M:{. SIµ~: i9 it. MR. HA..1-FUS: I h·1v~ no objec+,ion of l ,tting tht-3 3.rivisabiluty that thi!3 1--wi,1•➔ 11/JP, ti!) tl·1tion, ·1. ::t:i~cord r-:ho'7 ·my thin~ th,; taken '·m.·1 to to be r at ,3.rl but I rto11bt mor, i.,he n1-3x-+:, t .rl. th'1n of the court. THE ~OllitT: yo 1 I thin• an rn'lk':} 2.lmcst thi9 any 3.nri. t,ri~ on the c q➔ evidence 1-{. a motion arg,irnants in orally CONRAD: I to 8trik~ in lotH. SIPE: arG1lL1en+,, '1 t +,o r)P. d.•:mid.ed iq co11rt, to rl.o exci--3~_,t,t0 ii.~elar·e f !vi th wri ti mderqt•1nn. ott 1 1nrl~:!'8 next whir'!h +h ,re 1 ''I 7ill of term ill be th'lt thq +, yo·1. b'3 subn;.i t teri. Nill 1 the ir~ in th•} vacaco·Lrt +.h~n b,~ 1;0nqi(ler- nothi• ;; -ro-c· trie i t,9 j1vlzm,mt. t,. 1t, thP- ~virh:::nce, r;, f'i:.. st, Do :r0 1 t anr'l of misd.meanor, r,~f'er.:J:r..c,"! +,o it no,,1 rerl.11cP,r'i. +,o 1:1ri tin~, ed a q :prorluced court, 3 m3tter ·1g:reement The tion is th•;:3e 8~n 1nri. ·::i.n,·•r ~ '•v'ill '1!1'1 +,h·1t 1J,~ v1~ 18 ex9ect .en h•lift; l'O'l to qtb1:1it r,~.9ly. '1 9 t.o Slb!!:itti~d close? �1 . ) ��• ' . �f • In the Ci r-cut't Court of Rockingham A.n. VS• ) Bertram ... Passing desire~ for evidence the to submjt cases which the ji,3 Art. 4, Sec. 52, Sec. 15, act the act and the o !" not statute,, it the evidence is on the ground t :i.-ieact that under is unconstitutional. o.f the the Constit:itio~ former of 1902 constitution, wa passed of pharmacy, 1 7 r1hich is provides whj ch shall any law be ravived, ac. out all the same that: be expressed etc." arch 3rd 1886 7 and "to ~ard 1 and th•,_sale its title: of ;poisons of Virginia." t:-irec1 distinct we find by ]893-4, P• to the its page 71, 720i and original. a cl1~:1r viola:t;ion act are amenctl'lent et seq.~ acts considering and separate and these title, i ;,s va.riolls all through So that closes shall orieinal 1902-3~1, relation of the more t11an one object, embra.ca as diclosed 210; page of +.he practice St~te as to wheth8r is moved to strike issued nor question following: the were Here the the been any violation warrants the in the has -- - ·• and n.ismi ss th~ war.rants +,itle; rev·ulnt.e being ir!1e The co,irt "lfo law shall "h: t the there First: h1 the ) Thorne.a P • Yager. -- .... -. -.. - -- ...- -..·-·- - -,._- . .. -.. . --- -- .. . -- - under Va. Co.mmonwea..lt½. Co::ma o nvrealt h VS• County, of 1894 the p. 1 whole of 1886, of the 189?-8 the objects il-1 preserved as found in act P• 686; 189 -00, of 1887> P• 825; with t1'..e title it,s amendments of the provision act in itself dis- as provided ahove section. P,i.A-r, t;':.1e act of .lu-s86 WE.s ~mbodied in 296. act Constitutional embraced objects in the Code of 108? ,, in the in �,, r.1 ".n ,. l f • r r ,l .. ., r [ ·.\ .)J -· .... -., ..., ) ') . ,·, ') . r • _,. : .[ l • '' ( r ,. ..,·· u ., ,, 1· I .) '. ·1 t. I. L ¢ I, , ,, • < : I ..... t. oJ I r •J '( . ,, ,,:, II ·) ., l. 1. ;"J [, l. ,1 ,,. I . I ' ') .! ' I I ., . .., '_\.f. J .i .._,, l r .,.i • I ,,) (( r t ',J f ) .!. (. a ) .! j :. J. l .. I. • rr .. ) r I .' i ,., )ll ' '> ,I ,,, ., I, �i .: l "j ~ I • '• . ,,. A ) H ' --2- ..... sect:i ons cornpris ing Chap. o~ _Ph_~_r~c_y", and all this chapter given the occupation the It is with the Virginj_a and privileges; its of pharmacy; for the whole chapter i:n tho) title. , has Wha+, has What has it. Assoc ic:1.tian, ical PhannaM and priv ileees and prohil-iiting and poisons. three ·ch only providint; powet's least :'i relates cf the extension are t o of Phannaceut which tl12~t here of medicines? s;:..le the powers practice of an act, possibly and for of nedici1es sale body in the the substances, of medicine:" 1;h e title and defintng the f:Ubmitted exprcJssed object is as .follows: purp()se the under its of Pharmacy regulating and restricting which to as there and title ·ng e.nd compounding for providing 1lefli:iling Board and organization; of preserv r anhrrn.l,, of Pharmacy,) State embraced chapter wo:rd "Pharmacy" a law enacted Asc,oc iation, the made in -rela.t ion of an apothecary." to t be prac•l;ice for are :o the of the mj neral We tnen have ceutical "Reg~.1~t_i_~g__tQ.e_J)racti_c~ __ thereto of prepar:ing, vega.table, title amendt!lent. definition or practice v.heth,:r amenduents the and every Webster's "The art the Code 1 referring in the each in under ?8, distinct is no relation the to objects one one act, whatever t'-o the of pharmacy practice the do wlth a corporation do to chc:~rtering of by said created act? rt is insisted all that expr;::1ssed the act f onner, in the is in the is title either or both, relate having authority to t@ the compounding cines, which being the in the It tion is is the has for ae l and sale ]1.763 and 1764 its o. not of object two sections, by persons J:md in no way pertains for w.hich embrac Lng is The and poisons rliedic.i.nes, of pharmacy_,, later which these of medicines of medic :i.nes or substances practice th'3ret of phar~acy; ,l ispense the 1 a matter object nofgenna.ne practice to the purpose the is the of mediw obj act of the of the Constitu- Code. th::refore mandatory, sections of tl:o act, regulate to as ex_preased that this insisted act _.:.hat this provision 1 so far as it conce~ns the matter now act �:.),_, " (' ,, '.) ,, I' ..) " ..' _, ') i_ I ( l. I • : /':'i .... I ,r. , • ,, ! ·1 ' I '. .... ....... . • -· r J. ,1 .. I' "Ii :, T '• .. ., < .,.'i L ,... .. t L )_ l t "; :.) \' .. 'i •l . .I -, .. ) . .-. J, , I l. . I. ·. i •,•.' \ . - I ..f ) �r . befor8 the conrt is should be dismissed. void because See 8 Cyc., Board cases and "It last may bd assumed provisions surprise prevent in bills be over looked to fairly the befulg considered or otherwise, om.er if they of the title; the scq:,e the constitution tive in intent as when this occasion the matters made the title shall ri[;ht here the The legislation 2, Sec. any 01· the acts, ion- --Art. to any intimation impose the title that a penalty or the for of the provision of th•~ ob,j ect re-enacts of the of the a certain that thereon, by petition Courts cannot conclusivef~1dex enlarge power; to the legisla- 1 operation~ th8rd are sel1iom presents itself a better for an purpose than in in violation the reason, that ohj ect thereof' the-violation is tional do tr:e said to define th•::raof. ~:>rovis- in any of th,. nowhere thereof, amendr1ents cc:nstit of the titles a crime, This is a fatal titles give and defect in acts. An 11 t ~1.e act this for t;i,3 and third, court. is 52, the can he invoked provi..,ion may therefore wi h no dispensing the that of prov is ions of leeislation "That to second, and which may be hea.rd invested have ci:nstitut.;ional adopted: s tibjects And: c..1•{3 nov, before no information, they -they to what We submit. that from J"u ge Cooley; oy means leg isla.ture of the des ire." has McGruder legislation; and unintentionally people vs. of tht~se purposes log-rolling up()n the arrl carelessly apprise the ti ..le gives the of which County quotine conr~., that to prevent or fraud of Henrico the settled first, is: warrants 828. citation, as and the cited. of Supervisors 84 Va., In the unconstitutional o.f March const act i ution, furth9r sect ion 14th, 1904,, in that th:-m to of the is palpa'hly th9 declare, Code "relating title j n violation gives tha.t to the it of no indication amends practice and of �L . ,> 1 . ( J • ., ) . '· ( ., . c• " •) r , r ' r ;r .. 'j ,/ (! , ; . l ' .. , I ,? I, -; . '.) ''If ,. 'J 'I. } ,.. ,: . ·i: l J. . ' ') ..,. r .) '1 • ,. ; l "\I, I ,, ( ,. " - ' ) J 1 r .,. r ;. ) ( 't• • ~· ') ,. r • "' , L .·'· •r ~ I ) r .r • \ L' ., !) J • ) ,, ~~ I :J' .. .. ') ') .. ...- ., < I �.' ' --· -- Pharmacy". There is not,hing that it is indication domestic Ct.mta:in the public of' the designed to :poisonous 'this regulate of 0 it th3.t is that bus ineas a medicin.tl any that may or may is designed act for gives of selling nature, the i:mpose a Penalty stating act the or that s .ibstances, and to h:£lth, of t;itle articles a.ct expreectly "practice violation--the its designed to protect to object regulate the of Ph 1.rrna.cy." This sect ion ]764 to the or proprietary not apparent is plainly wh ~ ch applies 1 or dispense tail in solely medicines, :;ny o+h-:3r persons to those having of :readil'le eris "hror ing aui~hori ty to pers This or p, oisons." than cursory upon t:be most authority re- law has no application to or dispense sell medic inas. is It and be absorbed impossible OI,erat ive any law, operative and to fixing by the for and that c l,3ar and at the fat' 1764--:::i.nd penalty 1 icenssd anrl registered t tional and that :naciets, th'1re de:randants ground it is retail applies/co another is ·th-=reof, two sect icns--17'63 and uc-ti<nl to other merchants as well as to registered upon which eviden evidence of a i't a. domes-: ic medicine, not viz: clearly and a.ct is insisted , offence , i-,j.self, does is the of s.B. than such phar ... that against these the we think law,, u is Strickler, the main wi'tness sal].y ,._ for can there the establis'h that consti- dealers. The evidenoo and seems that on the acid a crime opinion- ground the as defining be of the is that as a present etc• he f' ound no't g ilty founded these and conflict, by aey poss i bl•~ c mstr should. be no contention th a:t carbolic court ]764, and violation read pharrna.c j_ste, the a now present irrl:jc one ilable can be c onstru1od ::nan can into 4S sect ion and be merged woulrl be utterly e nf" orce 1 to It ].763, the punisl1ment a:pply 1904. section in hopeless acts they that But should by same time No mortal say enforce They are these was des ie;ned ]763, of March 14th, to the p rt end :.hat preposterous. which act court l:=tw. sec+, ion the :fact kept �-...-g.,,- 11 ,, ,; '·.1 !: .! .I .f IT ).) '· ~ I. - r-f (, • 1 (. ' .1·. ~-·· C . I 'l ·- r ' - -· ··: I ' ' J l II ,, "°} :..,, [I ) ' ,.·. ,. 1 J. ,r . ~ "J ,1 .. II f :I . !) I! I l C .l II _, . •I ., i . ( 1, I J ,~ .. : ,~ .. , 'I • f l ;, ~ i' l,i I I j I I ') , !. . L '.) ~ • ( i I rr , r- ') ~ f· J. :) .~) r :r· ), (' o· J r f) .L .. ' ', :;. _) ••: f l ')' . ') ' • " ,, !: r ·: i ., ' -, ) l i: ·: r . .. :1· ·., i1 ' L )· ,!' ') J -r .l ').. ,. . ., ( ' ,J ' , .. ' ( . •, '· ., 8 ' I J [' f 1'• .... •I i r '.); r ,, ' I 'I • (' :.. ,; '• ' . ) ., .i \ I ) 1t '• i ~ _I ·T • r. l, ·~ '.) �--5-commonwealth, purchased i-t at mor'::! than in the hundred that establishes various merchants c On.L1onand daily deny rt o.eal13rs. it is a deadly and in fact use for it the is true the that quan~i~ies therefore equally or anyone handling customers or users; very defendants prohii,it meaning that "It dispenee a terms term applying shall defense, consisting is a domestic reMedy of of sores treating not medicines though remedy evidentl..y on biased, commonly kept volun·ceering deny the that it is the fact when he testifies of the acid sold in these k~t that by retail deaL3r" it cases by retail sta:i;ement.,, tha-c a domestic remedy, as to is its desicnated as must carbolic acid dealers; and country by mer- :.nerchandise, but must a retail deal,er:, one who cuts up and sells , to of goods which these of section ]765, o_f the ty for the aA be lawful for to ~n poisons,, Sect io!l ].765 prov ides act, 1?63 only. aey person that, have facts merchant, to the been expressly and established,, exempts sa1t1e, they 1764 positi,,ely 1 Both h,-iving sect ions theee be i."'lg as providinr authority to sell prov is ions of this etc." "Hone of the be and 1~sed in ll.765:,, to be construrted mere rants to country directly si'l.le of the of sections deal,3r" as to a coantry he sells since terms one w1'lo wholesales, to a dri~gist we sul:mit, retail to be noted general as applicabls "retail l't must not be restricted in contradistinctibn a line a domestic is handling says, 'l'he very the and sev13ra.l the proves fr om any liahili me rch an T.S • it he do~3snot to me n::hants to mean what the still "retaiJl in small that for insists, established and usually taken he acid." being or eveo county pu :rpose of disinfecting, thajtb.e grade medicine, chants, in the that he operated. witnesses a doni>3stic evidence the rt court is carbolj,c "comr:1ercial sto~s of J'am0s L. Avis, poison, and that uses when he testifies p u Il) osea. thq,t his five in which of the The testimony not alone, and a blacksmith~t animal~=s anr1 other do,·s seventy counti,=:s The testimony far~ers, fact,, er �' . .I. (.: V j ,.. •r [ ( .. I[ 1 ,. ' T, • - u ) "•, \,I t J [ f' \1 ·• .., i· ') i .' .ll ') 'l r ,J " ) ' " - « . ) ,, " ') ' . 1• •-N I r \ C .. ·t j f. J ·1 1 . r , .J ') .., ) i· . .,, .,, . •!)I .:: ; ,, ' I :\ ' ,:, -' .. ' -,;, Ii ., • ,. .. ,, . ) ~. I : f'· ., n ,. ' ..( ., I' ,.1, .' 1: • ti l 1·. !· r I! :), r .• •v I ,, ' ' 'I r ,) ., ·'- b 1, l ... ' \" :., ·, r ;1 .L' ·1 I I i ' ... n ( ;.:_. ,l''l ·1 i ,, ' �' . --o-.... chapter, exc~pt the by merchants sale those contained of quinine, and other of peperm1nt in sect ions epsom salts, flavoring of patassa, such _o"the r domestic_ and~roprietarL_med 1'hen since sal,~ for appliP.s thereof' to the of said t be carbolic acid all respects all pharmacj_sts; iting the sal,3 having the so that the same drugs". "]764", sUperseded act by and by its terms ·but in amending of the granting in the the if saleof' be en .no offence which~ ]764, amended as it can.plied is with act have taking the absolutely court•s th~rein authority act attention his contained 1D sell as a whole section [arch now stands, in the is called section 1765 to regisact mentioned is no longer manufacture and re-enacted nothing medicines to in in no reference can only mean and refer the present the of P..;J. and 1764 have ]763 ancl other the case antidotes. the together, there in the prov is ions and restrictions ]_765, was enacted the wtth has the to merchants, haste been sections referred oy :prohibited Section tht1re of the or prohioits do apply c cmplied who under ma;:;ter th'=reln subject Section the acid ~ been naming parts And in ,.._connection as to and kept provisions and ]164, a.pp oo.r that or poisons, its section, ]763 two sections to those of carrJ0lic merchants. been ~hat th3.t medicines tered the iodide, oil., usually of the sections will it as to the to merchants, construing sections have of said c ontaj ned ref er only tha.t sweet by merchants article these is insisted it none defend.an ts, evidence except and 1ispense essence camphor, and as ara prevent statute the provisions But and that sect ions tbs aga5 nst whatev,~r paragoric, section except by these From the Bertram oil,, calo:mel, icines sale of this of argllr!l.ent re qui rem.ente c anmitted this under by merchants, sake the opium, shall etc.," but, chapter castor preparations, br om.ide and clorate dealers; ll.763 and ].764, prohib- in ].765 by to the fact so far 1 in existence,. lL764. 1894, 5, and section and sale of "aduJ.:terated was approved March 14th, section lL764, s nme 1 t was made to cov-er everything as it then in sect in l.764, 19O4~ stood, 1 ion ].763, �-~i-- .I. L (·, l .. ' :o ~) .J.) ( ,.1 D ., .j :) . ·1 ., I . ,_) •T :) f', C .. ( rf r ,. •, • . .r: ·' i • .. J ) .' ' ,,. ') .,. '., ' ........ (, ; ' '· ' ,"l :.) , ,l ' .J ' '. [~ '1 r 'I~ '" :,'t I I'• r J .r t: J .I ·•11 I ') (' ) (. .. :> .I . .; ~) .r ') .L J :• If'; r J .~ ') ~ r ' I .,, ~. .l 0 .. l ,l '). ,, /', •r ,.:') ' (, ... J 1·• r . J~ ' ·r j· ' .,:l i :1 I I V , .. l 1·• r r J ' l) ":; .. ,l ·-· ) 1'' ,, 0 C. - '\ .' I J. :') ! ., ··1. ' ,.., • (. -,. .I\_ l) t n _) ' so :) ~ ·-..i· (. ( '~) .., l, .t rro: ') n ,, ' _")·'}.J ' ' ,;. ~>~ J:) .. r): , rJ il J !. . ·1. ) f'ff .. ' ' !.. :) t I r J ,J t l) . ~ r, ..:.., tJ .. ,f ... -. ... ' :°?,J ,. "J ,•,· i ··1•1 H ·., rn·1 r r, otO, ') ·- J'! .r ,, r:: ·1 .l .., ~D r I• ,) /{., l' :) '·" "'! ,\,, . ·1 ,. .,;. ·t 1••:J i.; .' •~_,· ,r .) '• ., .. , . ( ' I .,· '! 11 .) ... ): . .... �G r I • (i. ( . J Tl l . ·1 .,. J in almost the exact words contajned in section ]764, and in addition the furnishing attached i ·:.s c>,ct of 4th, provj s i<ms in th1:.· act fr om the was also a.esed or referrE.d fixed for of the w.ent s thereof, presel!+. th~ sh all, etc • , aec~,j0"1. ]1764-1 llut. repealed j_n the 1:iy the repealj ll893, 5th,: to and v;as no-:; amended therein penalty to a apply Jl.?6.4, viz: on der.az:d to c1.s well as vectior: ]764,, "Any the Ydth no r,ea ning has and ll'764, marle cone lus ive by the is section comply ]763 anrl cannot wl::en a plJed furnishing morphia by amendat ory selljng ion or other Thr.:,:s mere fact make it. a. law, not r: ever require to applj_t"id. ... t ~e JL764, a.a tt. section as to sect of th·= peace 1.1ay impose a.ppear, 1 first that this f;" for as by a merchant. tha' section any violat except th -3reof, the sale 5n the be reru<;r•1hered for of carbolj_c Code of 1904, this thr~t Code ire. ion ]1'766,, under fine of ,.10 .00 section decleres v,hich it e.ga:mnst. the t.h~t seems th offender, e.n, person as as to :persons is provided none appears both ra·ov ided been c.nd exce:r,t : t pert.a:i ns to ].7f3 been having iun cases, it. must h c l •eislat having ty to an habitue, so far bee,.;, use been a ~oritf.,d hy Again drugs ]'764, much .less act i:ri ccrtidn cocaine of Sec• anyone, 1 ~041- and no pefnal of ] arch, r;g and st, vic,lat 1.7€3, act to a d.ruggi has by stood t.hen it for clear ls ts so t.h:=tt the Now t,his " legialfiture st ooci.. l ovr sectiaT does to of the penalties March applyJng or reft•ses 1 the JL?64-, and this t.ha penalty and coilta in ed 't,h '=rej no JL?64 1 , d.c,esnot section of cocaine who d.s a. ha1) it11c:. f;ect jon ]1'764, ll904j, of section t ing ]764, violr form, same, the sect i or; l..763 l> r embo<1 ~inc all 1ixes of March, present clc=.use fixing person act by the any violation violation very present. sale in: en tion repe.al lL'766, which thing repealing a person c1.mendment t:veryt,hing in its to t. o re1-1 enl c.1.nd to the to --:.o be the seem every th-~eby prohrJiting 01~her drug 1904, Now section acid or and omitted stood, th~ a clause :i -t. would . arch h y exc lu<ljnc the a.s it of morphia- $c t.hat its of sai11. section just j ice t v:il]J vi()lf~ting �·1 / [ I. .,' :., r r :>· ,,. :Lt, ' .), -, J .. t. ! '• '' . 'I (t . ) ~ i: . [J 1... .!. J '..} J . ( . ,i $ . (. ( .. ••L ( . .l"J ( .) , I :1 '. ! '- ... ( . ., •·). ·.1 ., r ( l ') " . , ) .. ( . ( ) ( .I ') ' ') • ( r l· ., ') r J ~~ ~. )" I ) .. ') 0 ~i .• _, V :) ' r _) ') ( , !) ' ,., i ;, l "-::.' .l • ~ ,. .l. ...,, :) 1; .' -:. '· .') ( "';. r t IL';. .l ,..., ~ ti. .u ') t'l • ...._ __ I t .1 ., ·, .) f. ::v f. I ,, 0 .. "•) '• ,. ,.' ..:J . �r: , ' . I..J '., eect. j the , I' on 1L759,: of the tha~ this section testjm<'ny any 1-erson, not c.tore, f., inhibits any cines~ shall It a registered he shall enga[;jng that so far the it aE seeks the rebrulate and contrcl or t.hose It who are 1 s no peaalt;y ir.: t.rue etc., is jt, j eaid penalty under but UCJ was to section store, by for or a chemical and it. alr.o of co rotmdingmedi- t will and unconstitutional, a penalty impose former act is she ,s t.hat ii., be in for "in the rr~lation to j_nt.,.. nded to is and to mer,1bers f:i.th~r defjne the of the Board ion t.hj.s of Phar:rnacy j_ Eits. for that t shall violRt the ~hereto~ in more than section sect inn any person f'or because under section l._759, e:hall (ffl.dh day that ll JO.00 "for etd.".,, showing violated, to persons of be lFiw-ful not violat are j in the business that this inhildted ]759. sect ion 1 ?59, sec+.5.rins, to reg is-r. cred Ar.d specifically pharnac the next j_f 1 sri.rue conat ltut op~n to the pojnted out touching the entire ona.l obj ec ... act, and JJ?63 and 1764. Th:: nr::xt pemtlt.y 17'66, a rlrug fjxed .oo nor appl3r as are herejnbet'ore espec ie ..lly t.o run pharnac or any of than :l.ntended 1:e unlavd'ul and any person t.hc.n $10 :provisinna i1. shall :pena.Jit~r :is fixed that c'lecle..red This tjuns declares it be fj ned no+. less the llcensed 5 sts,. imposed un,ir:Jr section v,ho violate penalty imposecUn to a registered applhie. l M-t that of pharrc1.cy, is t.h~t is disclosed bus:iness j_n the busiress perso1:s engar~e, 1766 the It th"-, facts is defective as iCJn ]759. act a of 1902 ....3 ....4,. p • 71 1 a.ncl. plainly of meI!lbt!rs, 'l'n=:re 17' 9 1 t.itle .. qualif:icati<ms to Its - pharr1:::.cist. a crime of pharnacy", .ice the prac act define to thereof. punh1hment the in be a registered of this i itle sec ➔· a regi i:,.:t:-,red ph · ,rn1ac j £t; en1ploy I of misdemeanor. cat ion to pharr.iacis in hj from 1,erson ionE of declHres By an ex,1111j.ncd:i cir; of se(in 'be guilty no applj case? ne has v.nlef.f has ~his jn vnlec chapter us ex·,m5 ne t.he provis Let clear J the 1766., a;pplies sec-I; ior: rf1ferred the third assj_stant speci£cally to paragrcq.h pharmacist in of section 1, and �r • . ' ,, [ IJ ' L. r. I " I .f..1 ,. 0 • 1' Lf • .i. ( G , ..;. ... , tj O ,r I > :, ·f I I .l . ,, . ' .J. r( T \. .',, 1. I, ., It ' . ,, . '! . J , 1,: ~· ' -~ ' r J Ll. ' i ,, r~ i .I. ,, fl D I ') .' .i: f. fl '., "I'. ., .. -',;! . ·' "f ' I" • ) V (' -1 L:'I f,. ' 'IJf J' ; .; j ) 1~ ,. 11' 'f.. ~).. ·~ J }. '·~- j H I ,, f , ... 1. J ') [ ·r ,, J ,..,· ·- ':· ... .., I , •J '· .., r . '.) ...:...i J .,, I ... . " t Ii• ...' ,1 • . i. , I ! :_; I J , 'l 1) ., f' -~ ..,8 f',' ,\ ., '• 't(J !;' t ·, . 8 l Cr,. ,.• I r.: ' i. J • ·i ' ,-·r. , ,., �.J. J. ! ' ( j • has nc 8.pplj_catj on to is So too -f:hr-;public the penal :- ,,· .. ,.J4 generally. i.y imposed next in the paragrarh, section 1766 • As to l '1b6, j the :penalty t expressl~r shown has been absolu4:8ly applj_~ ru6 rged it March and void a.ppli~ to 14th, jn express terms dispense medicines of the 1764,- to er er is not poisons p.;.ragraJh of ttese prescribe a.nd d- signed alljed It is of PharIJB.cy, a ref;ular is case to so both render paragrc•.:f•h which of section by the to persons it th th,'l.t 'A', 2r even act of au- "having e was e.ny sale the being 1 ::81 , or Schedule s nature, ci.u+,y of' a regi respectfully reg ist cred to restrjct therewj th to pl:j drug er that plain tered th-it of in section purchas- the intent of this pharmacist in the v,ith for ial]y any the the same of the handling of the legiFJla.- "class legisla.- c.nd pror-r eta.ry pharr..iaciE:ts. a registered preE ident phJrnac-ist ancl. dispensed same pu rpoaes cin::ur.,!etances, prov is. ons all drugs intony o:' the test watJ sold very of all sale registered that 1 t is plc=:,inly because the though there submitted void, n fr cm th0 store, acid substant complying ana hiDself', cair'bolic under it 1.mc Qretltutional is artjclea of C4./ is poisnns. Finally tior.", o merg0d as amended poismnol of age:, the al.ready or poisons:\ in Schedule years r, ll764, applies menticined sixteen to only this its we have sixf/4a.nd last operative in cf as therewith_.~- sectitin pretended pere:; 0ns not. aware was under tion to and which c.nd j_f no"'; in tre be admi t.t.ed sell be av lid of section para.graph uncertainty. for 1?66-,. E1pecif:cally 1904, :fifth inccmajst,,nt imposed It any :rt63, penalty t.y to thori t. o sect ior.. and inoperative, And the if the in :;o ~ect ior: li7f,4, contradictory sect.ic.ins sect.ion E i:r11posed in the of the and VLffY conducting sa.rne quality as that sold •wifuout in any respect of chapter 78 1 further Boa.rd h y the tha.n defmidanta, being p:ilcuuac i st• It wilJL hardly be contended that the defendant violated the a �I. J ... ,., ... .. l . r C ') ·:,' .. :) ., !l ,, (.> n ' ~ )~ ' " ,. L 1 ·1 . , i l •' !' ·' ,· [ ,1 ~ ., ') • I VJ 11 ,, ' 1. (. ~ ·, ) ~j r i • .L [ ' '· [ " ,J. ., J , J ,1; I .,., • J ·• J ' ,. .[ r. '· -. .L r.·; '10 1 ·_;)" 1.--;I ..... \} .l. . ., ) ' ·1· fl ') ') ,, I, i . l )• . . L r· it .. ',.S:)i'h. .Ls .l) < .t :) ); .!. r· <. !"'!-t I ) ..' '• , ' J l'i J .l. l, ,. ~ J. ., :) • ) r ·' i ', , ..... < r ( ' , ...,. ·1 �. .,. provisions of sect.ion 1'i'59,- prohi1,itjng any rlrugs, chemicals, poisons, etc., :fr enacted c:r!lT..he Board on arch cons"":jtuT.ior. the the js because of v;hich c,f the and onehalf offencee under of the act to crec..te to guard provjd.ing is in its elf' and in cc1rtain cases, exclusive co1-poratic.,n such tmt legislature i<,ns no authority power as to the the pra.cti initiate B 0 ard are for statute mc,y confer the can be found in go gener--:cl polj ce enactment of the to t.ii.le cnt i tled without is exe roiee sq..poi·t can 1 ..r cle.sa beirg an act and further ion eif theviole,t subdivisions and prosecuf-.,e of Pharnacy,. is of VirgintF.," ftxed chapter corporatic,n ce of ph1:irnacy", a crimlnal e.nfl o:her ev fl.5, it because this er particulc page of commonwealth." The laat of ll893-4> acts paragraph sect iorn shall on of the generc,_lly. penalties c orporat on municipal excluej eectJon l1e c i:nst i.tuted less stil] ln t.he State that indicate the While that title i:r.: said the regulate "to the tb for of cr::.me, under this in any special public sa,J.e of :poisc.ne the imposet~y unconat j_t ut i<Jnal, a c crPoration ~he scd.d act,. :Power and the condluding .tm1ant j of i:,unishment shed] o th.er hal1' law to s f cun<i in the j fir.es prosecutors srJec ial E. the of Virginia f,1.l paragrar,h first prosecutions set. of men, epecial state 1766, State a,ncl the thE: sole be constjtuted all "in of' the of Pharmacy, o separate, which in the of the of Pha.rufacy thereof, 63, the penalty cr.ntained. is pro'Vided Section a cr.l.me, defines provisions it present it eJi!)ress~ ]766, the the the Board sect.;.cm is 1"ii59J was re- lc:.v,; "for law for informer,. power ]l.'759,. if a.t retail or private or private he Board of al epedi sect ion by a specj«l under to the prohibits which aell a certificate,. 71~ after 1903~ P• palpa.r1lJr section this local, sectic,n &,nc, thi5 ccrnIHisslc,n ]756, effec-'r, int.o "to obtaining without beci=;,use this 1903 1 Acts of any enactr.:ien":; of' cr.:me; the went etc., of Pharmacy"> 5th, any person enacted. of the of the poll ce state of thte proposition cr~_m.ee may be vet1ted in a 1, �r, _,_ 'I l) i. [ , .. ! (' ( J. r ·< ·, . ,r: ') ~ -· ( . .r ' I .' . ( I ~) :) •t r . • ") (-' Jr .' .) '• ( ' r ') ~ ') r, . ~ ,, ' ·, '.1 ~ It .l ) .,• . ) ,_ ·' . I j I .. i' -' ( , '-~ .[ f ., ') r 0', 11. ' ,, ') ;J I' ' '• ' " • .J I ·., ) ,. I ( .. 0 ') ., ~ ~, i .l.. t ) _, l .,, i· ·) '"I ' - .!>,.. r '1 1 l. . ~ ~ .J ' \ u '.) ·I ...... l - I) 'J . . �,, (, . ) ,. ' .. • I • II .J �COMMONWEALTH vs. ) A .;y.Fert ran •• AND COI~iOJ.~A'l'LH vs. T.P. ) Yager. NO'l'E OM BEHALJ? OF THE --·-~---·-- DEFENDAN1S. ·- ·• ,, I• � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1908 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. A.D. Bertram and Thomas P. Yager Description An account of the resource Defendants charged with misdemeanor sale of poison. Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Sale of Poison Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_005_108 Bertram Yager https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_008_253-commonwealth-v-aj-crawford.pdf 68aea2fef7a27e17c201bd0bdb7ce10e PDF Text Text • �J:..·w 1..,,.1, ~ 'w:>/.;'~·~ /Al. '!"'1 W,I. N-<r:,,,.,, 1.,-.5• l.,,y ,-...u,.v~ C~J,1.)1A, .-c.A.. ... lc. IN, 1l :r. e. ,v-<"...., ... ff• (. t- ► /,k~ ;;.. ,<. (I! -A..,.~,..'- 7,A.,~, t.,, c,.;J. h,, 1,l:-nf l; • <1• [, r J.~]_, h I �1n :iT3uci:1or, Mt , the to-"7 t':&t in th1a caee, !ho Co:u-t i1atructs 1n all rai~ accused's oaees,the criminal a a p~esuzr.rtion of innooonce ~lea aa of not guilty in hi& tavox and puts on the Common~ealth the bu!"den of r,roviJ1F his ¢lt beyond reaao.u.a'hle d. u.tt. If. t!l1Jretore o! ~he t'lltole oaee 1 the testimo~, of cirqu istances a1.otm in evidence, or tho Jury" reoeo11sble tl:~;' 91 Ould :'ind .UJOtl .~f £Gilt, i tnessea t.1ere exists doubt •• hilll not a cons1C er9.ticin o.n4 tle 1n the minds to the 5"J.ilt , :Cni the Court tr.c Ju..-:- thE.t a roaeonable d011lt la th t eteto "11io , fter comparison and cona1~eration of all ot' the acouaod, turther tel18 or the e•se ~he evide11co, leavoa the m!n~e or the ju::-ors in auch cond!L1on thnt tboy c nnot say tbnt certa!a•y t~e:, ~••l 01 i:ho •ruth an sbi~i?tt of t1".e ohar e. com-ic~icn to a c:oral �• r • ·~..., • • 1 ' • l , • • • ' l • • • ~ ,, r 'r ~ ... r "ll. '~ ~I I l ~ , Ire .l Ir " ~•.J • < t .. I • , n ' �• • ,·• Cir.::uitCnurt ,if Ro.::kinuhan1Coul\l)' . Tt'n11. • • rvn.t11/111 ,,,,u~· ,,,,,.,.tJ1r-,at·,,, ••itil ,,,,,-,.1,nff , ......., 1..,, 191 �• • ,. • Cir.::uit Cnurt nf Ro.:kinuh:1111 Cou111y. Term. JC)J UN/Jl,,'l:KJJ, ]'J1,,t • • (Vfl.ttt ,,,,. 1/11y~· ,il/,-"'lur,c·,I -'I'll ••ttil t,,1;-,.lrn.f 1.,•1 ,,,. ... 70 �t; ''"'''""" ~""""" tA, " .... t. ... .,..,, • .t 0( I, I I �' ,, ' .. • ~tc1C:u:.:-ta' l9Z<l. Ii l tee re:, 1.z...rn, el4o ot 't.1.:e he;d, d Ral ~h. Sh1i1 l t"le • sbovo \her1;1 ttlr.,,1 lou.C33.;T w l!l!l:;. dld e\rlll~ left t Ide w~u1d, did r:.li ea.ld, t~r .. a~; .1Vl.r'<l 1'0 he tho nald llve; Ralph on whloh re.t.d F!llp.lJ E'llf ....le!:., tlo sa.,, ln let n, .... Thie V .... .l, ft .... !:t.au , oi tho l!'ld !a~nt u' s'11l!C.etf COU;;llOllW a..lph 11.d llneuleh ,n ~f,:ire Cc-awforo, lej. t. 1,1tt, trt111 Sr.1.tl•~t. t':e tho ~"'otee~td ,~~ -- £811, dal B.!!d lo..n,eu.:iahl lf? ;J•Hr 1924., the o! e-.14 .ir., o! tho c fV:1.1d :-t:11 Ralph :tela_•;l-1.:.£1!", 11;1l1·,1ll.,. Jld .:ill .ul th the aid, a,.~ DI ,o.rd.r. &£!a ,,at Vlrg:..1.ll.la. l• 1o&lnd an the o~• •...et:terv Shli .,'T. a fra.~t.u.re1.. s~c. .. l to hlc, ana fi'>rm afor.:iaaid, and of hlJI JO&lice ~iorotliougnt, ,t)euc,1 and 111£.Illti and c,1~c t,b 1ro1n ~h• eaid t)'te cn:mt., it, • r.s,;a.lJ_c of-,rot">oae,i I:\. ds_.. ot' Jull, t.ha.1 tho 8&.lU in ::inner '3h_1f' ..~1.t, 1 ln e.'1!1tLt,O St>1f!lu\\, 1n \.be ;:::oa.n•:tutoreea.lp.. i, 1 a.lid 11-e II u• 01 t.la he.a .... n1 ~v• he, atoras 11..J of l'fl\..h ~!le st.0?111 a.foretmli, a11d '"'lftre. f}f.t, t'1e :Jti.r, t.h~ f:'.aid R.llph and '· 40 ,r•tt:O'"''",;. !.hlt oath8 tl.flOll t:belr and t1tet1ooi:j' , cf the t I': J1h-.~0-: "'°"' ...._. 1 .• »• Dnu•'ft, t. /.c •v .. 1~n•• ,,.a O �... " <J. ;,. • "•u, • -• .... ' • ~ ... .. ~· 0 r, -1 t> •: ".. " J;; ,. Ii ,, ... , .. .,. " .. .. .. .. ~ f ~ 0 ,- ~ . ~ • <, • " � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. A.J. Crawford Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony murder. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Murder Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_008_253 Crawford Shifflett https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_066-commonwealth-v-ak-bowman.pdf 93cd0fcc60c176e39d754fc248f6bc32 PDF Text Text rl'he Ne~vs lte~ister Cu., I_ ...:,•BrOJ?N J-Tarnsonburg, Va. 1 uv -1 The Commo; Yon 11 A. ::g~ ---G,eefog• 0 l'e h Preby com,111,a,ncledto s1Mnn1,on________________________________________________________________ ·----------------· ------------·-·------------------·----------~----~f-~'~·-~···-~·----·-· to nppem· before ..~),-~----·---·----------------, a, Justice --·--·--~-·~-.f~ ____ ! __ f!_4:!__t-·-~---·-------on in a certain matter the·----~---~----·-day 1 .90._k_, to testily ---------~-----------------, of' oontrm;;_u of' snicl Distl'ict, and the trnth in said Cou,rt d pending nt of' tu sny on behrdf' of' ancl nncletennined, between ---~----~-------------- ___ ._____________________________ ,_/c~---~--·-·----·-----~·-----·-----------------------~------ .-----------------------------------·----·---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .~~~-~-;.~---6i __________ slwU in no wise mnit, Jl.ncl this __ th en iinrler the penalty of' £100. .11.ncl luwe ;::~:;:~~~;;17__~--------------------······-· _--·-·-············~Jl ..f~_!_!_ dny of'..~--------, Justice 190_~---, (111,clin the 1//& of' the Peace, the:J!..~-- yenr of' the Commonwe(/,lth. ��Hurst's Standard Forms. Annotated. l f No. J I lun-t & Compan) Indictment for Retailing Liquor. 35a. I Pulaski City, Va [Acts 1897-98, p. 71; Code. §537.J ~r0ll'.\1J,\O'll1'¥~al' .';' of Yir@il\ia, COUJv"T}' OJ?_ .._...""_,......,, ~~ l.X J'J-/.8 BOl:.\'TJ; COl~/.RJ' OF J'lzejurors o/ ..., TO-II IT: S✓l/JJ (10{;:~·J'J": tl1e C'o111mo1urfaltllof I 'i/'[Jillia, in a!ld for . all(/ llOlt' tl1e borlu 11po11 their oat/ls prese;z! tl1a! ~ ~~ I ~m~~e J"~- ;/(l;Of~J,~~~!,~/~1::l~7 . ~ Ii;-~ ~ tr,z~ . ;t ~i-a1/i:_IP.1~ 1,ztl /y~e!I./\_/Jfl rt: hi.- ~ ~ ¥ .J"(ikl.i-l, ~ ~ /J.L-o~/ t1l..<,u.,,~ ~ mi.rtttrfs tllaPof, 11otto bt' clm111.' tt/1('/'f tJ-v t/1f ('ot111l,tJo/ attf11di11.(Jtl1f said ('ol{/"t at its tfl'!ll, i11tlze uer1r if_/-(;, .... u/ ~h ,illt/1esair/('o111dy, ~~ ~ ¼ ' _~"'f~ ~ i11.w1irltOtt!d!J. trir1e, r1rdr'11tspirits. malt li(f{{Ors, (Ill(/ sold. lze t/11'sr1irl ~~ not tl1e11all{/ tllerf lwri11,r;a litl'lr'sr' from t/tf statf o/ I 'imi11ia so to do, rt.(J(tillst tlze pNtte a11dd/(J11ityo/ tltf ('cm1110111rfalt/z o/ I i'r.(Ji11ia. , Clerk. .. ' f13y a recent act (Acts 1897--98, p. 71), the distinction between a retail liquor dealer's license and a bar-room license is abolished: ancl but [or the [act that a license [or a malt liquor saloon limits the sales to he drunk where sold, the phrase "not LO be drunk where sold" might be emitted-it might be, anyway, but is added in eminent precaution. If the sale is, to be drunk where sold, erase "not" in the phrase "not to be drunk where sold." Under the' l(e11ernl re,·enue law, it is 1101 necessary to name the person to whom the liquor was sold-o Va. Cas 06: 5 Leigh, 724: r Grat. 553-,i", The above forn1 may be used for sales under the local option law (Code, ~537): b111thl' ph1ase "not 10 be drunk wherl' sold," mar be entir<c>ly omitted, and the naming of the person to whom sold vr the place where sold will hi' a sufficient description. But where the entire county has not •·,·oted dry," allege the district in which 1he sale was made.] !: ., �• ~~i ~r'J ~~ ~ ~,~)1 ~~ -~ ~ J J <::; 1~ "-' '1 ~ -i ~~ '-}1 ~1T- G )> , ~ :::0 ~ .. r! C ~ "Tl rn ~ 0 ;,i:, m ~ ';.,: ? c7. !" ~ r r . ..., 3 m z ..., ~ .., 4> . I 0:, ~ ::, ::, ,• '\ ,.._ �,i----------------~---------------- tN f 1 0 · 35a. llurst's Standard Forms, Annotated. Hurst l Pulaski Indictment for Retailing Liquor. & Company Cil), .Va [Acts 1897-98, p. 7r; Code. ~537.] (10!J:A·J.y OF 1 I..\· J'fl £ TO-/IJJ': 11/Y•~-,_ ' coc \·~r co . oF A"y✓11JJ ro c \'JT: ·umrs of tl1P ('011m101ucealll1 o/ I 'irgi1zia, i11allrl /or ~ ~ .A' f7tt tlte .. O'rlit - .... ' .. o/ tl1P ('o1111t.1J o/ :lt1r,~t1A-, ~ ~ , i11tl1e .tJPO'frj7 ~ .. i11t/11'said ('0111/Ly, I /11st! I. bu rl'f a iI. a I J{ ~~ f~~J ...._ _JI; .Ir J I-~ r/irl 1/11la 1tf11 J}_,/J A n_. .. .... tlu' body rla,l) of~ IJOJ- ~ ~I> ,. _ _ ~i VUVt-l... 'IATP'P_,,,,, 1 -·~ lfL ,.!_II ·; ~ sr11r,tOtt!lt!J, · Lt'lllf, mi.rll1rps tl1aeof. 1wt to IJerlm11l tr!lr'ff so!r!. lie tl1r' .rwirf · · · , 1 r1r;,r,~·~1:.,·, mall !1q11ors, ((/7(( vT, I\ . "~ 110!tl1r11and tlzerr' l10ri1z.r;11lite1lsl' /imll tl1Pslatf' 1 o/ I 'il'{;i11ir1so to do. r1,r;ai11st t/1f pear-ea1td d/r;11it11 o/ tllr> ('um1101urmlll1 of I 'imi11ia. ('011rt a!ld S{'Jzt ' tL'it!less su:om i11 ope11 to tl,e 0-rruzd Jur!J to ,r;ire eriJe11ce. Clerk. [By a recent act (Acts 1897-<)8, p. 71), the distinction between a retail liquor deale, 's license and a bar-room license is abolished; and but [or the fact that a license [or a malt liquor saloon limits the sales to he drnnk where sold, the phrase '"not to be drunk where sold" might be omittt·d-it might be, anyway. but is added in eminent precaution. H the sale is, to be drunk where sold, erase "not" in the phrd,e '"not to be drunk where sold.·• Under lhf' g-cueral revenue law. it is 1101 necessary to name the person to whom the liquor was sold-, Va. Cas. 26; 5 Leigh, 724; 1 Grat. 55~-4. The above form may be used for sales under the local option law (Code, §537); hut the phrase "not to be drunk where sold." may be cntir"ly omitted, and the naming of the person to whom sold 0r the place where sold will bra sufficient description. But where the entire county has not ",·oted dry," alleg<= the district in which the sale was made.) �,. ............. ~ l! ~\ tJ -·· r· I ~ ~ G J J ~ c,, '~ ~ )> -i ::a C l'TI CD rr . ~ ,--A-. jJ! ' ~- ~ "Tl >) ~ ~ ~ z ,:;- r~ m z ~.., :. "' "': ~:::: :::: ' --3 :,,: '? "' !" �, r Hurst's Standard Forms, Annotated. lN0 f · 35• [Code, J Hurst & Company, Indictment. §23989, 3999, -1000, 40JI, 40-15; Hurst's Guide & Manual, ! Pulaski City, Va. pp. 537 (3), s+o-5, 5+6, 617-18.] 1 'Ofli\fl\Of\'1V~falt1 ° ·: f Titugif\ia,. ~.................. , T0-Jf'IJ': C0OkI'Y 0F,.··c·····-·····c,,········ · ....... ~ IN J'BE (J.0Y}/'T¥-C0riRJ' VP SAID COD".N'11Y: J'lzejurors of tlte Commo!llcealtlzof F'irgi7Jia,in aad for tlze body of tlze County of ........................ ....... . .......................... '........, and nou' attendi12gtlze said Court at its ............ ............... . ....... ~ ......~~ . term, i1ztlze year ~ (Tp , upon tlleir oatlzsprese!lt tlzat .... ···--·... --•··•·· .. ' ~79-;)---.z_...--r'V°'.---- ~ against tlzepeace alld dignity of tlze Ccmmonwealtlzof P'il~r;inia. Uponthe evidenceof ~t~ ......... . ................. .. _witness . swam in open Court a11dsent to tlze Grand Jury to give evide!lce. ··········' Clerk. ····••·.... �~ ~ 1l ~ = ;.,, ' 0 )> -I ,Z :~ ,--.-A- :::0 ' ~ l :r. -~ C rn CD r- ~ ~~ ~ ·C 0 L~ I -- I' "'-.... r - 2 0 c=; -l 3: ~ ><~ .,,, :-· ~ m z -l -n "" .., "'- ~ : " :::, 0 ;,o > I t-1 �Hurst's Standard Forms, Annotated. lN f I o. J Hurst & Company, ! Pulaski City, Va. Indictment. 35. 0 ' ::T:~:~::~:~f~ [Code, §~3989, 3999. -1000, 40II, 4045; Hurst"s Guide & Manual, pp. 537 (:;). 5-10--5.5.16, 617-18.] ____ , TO-ff'JJ1: Liv THE B-o'6wi& CO~R1' OF S.liJJJ COD'}/2'Y: 27teJttrorsof tlte Commonzcealtlz of rirginia, in alld for the bodu of tlze Couaty of tJ . /1_~~zJ -~ t!f-~ .................. . . ...,al!d 1,011• ottendi11gthe said Courtat its .term, 11ztlzeyear J iO.~ , upolltlzeu·oatlzsprese1Ztthat ,A. /(.. /j d'W~~- ,. against tlzepeaceand dignity of t!te Ccmmonwealtlzof T'-imilzia. witness_.. swam in open Collrtand sent to tlze GrandJury to give evidence. .. . •.......... . . ········' Clerk. ~ m~ ~ �_J _J I -cn UJ :::, 0:: 1<2'.: 11~ 1l ll -J___ ----:--__ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. A.K. Bowman Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with misdemeanor sale of alcohol. Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Sale of Alcohol Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_004_066 Bowman https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_053-commonwealth-v-ada-graham.pdf f2008bb6ab88e02cd35d2973379bd0ac PDF Text Text .... ~ t~ /L:u- AP("' ( I ~ ~~ ) l~A.1~ ff~,(_, /<.~ '+~ it>, tv. 15~~ _ v - \~fy.1~~~ Jr A -ll~':i/4~ 1 i-·9 l,4:~ _ ���in at').,.. ceria.,. ., . ,,._ c:,.JJ sa,a COM.J'I, depending and undetermined between ~ .,f-.... e-~··-······· ~ .......----- Plaintiff, ·zd ·········•·•······································································ ...·······································································.···········································Difendanl. And lzave tlzen and tlzere t/zis /iVrit. t[ze Court-.fiouse, the day Witness, D. H LEE llfAR TZ, Clerk qf our said Court, at ............. ..I90 ....._, and in tlze I tlz year qf tlze Commonwea/tlz. Cler!e. Form 52-Berliu. ��. ,I. LRF. MARTZ, J. S. MESSERI.EY, } GEORGE w. HESS, . ,·v CLBRK AND ALSO CLERK OF' THE CIRCUIT COURT ANO NOTARY f'l'BLIC. C. H. BRl"NK, C)LERTC'R OFFTCE. CIRCUIT COT RT 01 1' ROCTCTNGH.Al\!I COUNTY. DEPUTIES, �Jt .. �J , JI f ), .J / '. r �# TheeJourt instruct of the innace:'lt guilty, t I ~J/ beyond The Court ide~ca that ,j,iry offence eveT"J reasonable the a~d ~eyond every a house the purpose the defendant doubt jury is presumed in the warrnntv-ntil charged instructs ham,keep for the that of ill-fame,as they believe doubt,that charged of prostitution sbi<: is :!)roven by the Cormnomvealth. unless reasonable tob be the from the ev- defendant.Ada Gra- in the warrant,resorted and lewdness,then they shall to find her not guil t;v. (3) The Court instructs the that jury to keep a house ,.,....__. the meaning of the law,is ~ house,which ness, is res to lease,Plaintai ~ rt£&rt~, /'I. and un-less AA of ill-f me,within U).. , ~ have co~trol of a 1' for they believe the pu-r·pose of prostitution from tl e evidence an1 lewd- and be;vonii every t9-'l--- d-'L- reavonable ha find control her dou·ht, that of such not guilty. the defenrt.an ....t, Ada Graham, leases, ' u e, as c i 1' the warrant,then maintains ~ they must ��STATE OF VIRGINIA, TOWN TO THE CHIEF OF OF HARRISONBURG, POLICE OR 4',a ...lh;.~ Whereas ..... ~~~~;::::; ANY POLICEMAN TO-WIT: OF THE r j SAID TOWN : ....V ;r,;1:f,l'..-'" .!"fr:1:l~/l:: X:;:.: ,~:::.::~~".'. ••.. ·••~~ oath b~ore. me, 0 B .. 1/0LL~~• ....... a.a:J:";;:,.~···· ........, 190~~, in said town7 ~ .. 4..-4.U/ld..~ ..~.~.~ ~•· ..C¼-4. ~ .. ·~ /. '4«~~·. ""44...✓4- .~. ?.:!ra,;,4,,;.._ .~ .. ~ .. l1v><!:J4 ..~ . .,,,,,,~hz---. Cl; .. ~ ... ~ .. ,;t. .~.$..dt.-.-~<~7"··4d,··~·~···~·~··~··f;-:-4 ..~ 4r .~ ..~ ..~.~~·~..~.~-~.✓-~ ..~ ~/~a.,d.k~ .............................................. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tl1ese are tl1.e1·ejo?'e in tlie nam.e nf tlie Oommonwealtli rif Vi-rginia, to command yoit forthwith ada/. ...~~ ...... . hend and b1'i11gbefore me or some other Just1:ce tlie body of tlie said .. to answe~· the said complaint a11d to be f~trther deal~tli Gi1:en u11de1·my lwnd and seal this . .. / a~. .............. acc01·ding to law~ .7;;. day of. .... - . 190 .... . j Summon tlie following to aJJp1·e- 'l-~ .... ~~ =?.~-~.~~~. ~.:·. .......... witnesse8 : .......................... ~ i.✓ day nf. ... .. ,{!;.."': ........................, l90v.~., by ::;.estim.,gtlie above named .. (/.:~.1..T ..r:--?..~-~.tf-'.?:-:-.. . . . ........................ and bringing. . .. ~ .-v.~ .. ...... before .(L ~ .."~ ..,'le. 1-t<--.-':--.~. <_ .... .ry:r.. ............ > ~ / / ~ l Execnted tliis ... •• •••••• •. , I,~ . ~. ..,. c:2_/~ dcty Jiid-grne.nt rm tlie .......... Defendant .... ~ of .................................. ~ ... ~found ( .... r.-vJ:~. :'!...••.~ •... 6-- , 190 .... . ~-'· .. guilty 'UJJOntlie tlie testimony on oatli of ........ •.-«..~~- ..~-~...................................... . �r �1 1,~ I~ uc/4, I- It., - I f ti., _--;t . ,__, - l . - 0- (/()) -&l ol 1) - h T - - ��Be it on t e ~:t 21Rt 1.-om;,nfr --:r0~ t,h&:t 1 day of octnh<1r 1805, Ada Gran m "'as "v71 th a mir-~nPano a.s well as on divers did l~e u "r ~- of' il:i-fEJ"l di m?intain, n. A. . t.o ".Uri! tha+. tine, all c for botfl r.~ is l ic :ido.Dl, ...11 Xfll:t n:.'{XX in~l am Jonnty an ~ couts. preyo ~vi as her surety, co'='.nizP o:f' -'-. "1 County, .i.anto r.•""' in "Pi ... ,n e.p!)R, 1 1 hAI' to of s '"_i. :ount.r, ju,.,. ·r110, to .3t1l ·r "'i t1 tho 0 m on the ir, the lflt s icl 1st ,...nr. t. e Given umer c:l'.:'.Yof (1_ay of' S2- ir'.. jud.pnent next next tern, Justice nd. cor.viction, +, of the e1:e. Joseph Peace. (Pe"l • Do:rse-y into +,he 2,pp :=.r cc of .,.,oc}·inE;ham of' srirl t.PJ."'P' of cl Ada Gr&.h£m n appe,.,.l is rr.. h" V.ayo 1:-of' s _ upon court of Pock- o jail s~io. A 8. nra am entc1?0 i ta t.hA of' said , he pay a f'in0 ment, anc. +,en +. 8 ocx:kocCircuit ei'o:i•9 t, nn. that cor':ttione of ~500.oo, +.r1e p•=mal+, ' J c:u. Gra Virfi my r'lairi. rom +h0 purposes guilty in 1t the to by evi .ence on oath foun:i all.e, be confirn::n Month , house no"r rnsorte me, unon the ty t.er111of t·rnlve a certain men anrl V'Ol"len, for ,... a. othr:rs, ol I R.ct ..iu go t at the ·~~ loLL n sai:-1 +.o~rn,,un1awf'ull, Aep e : maintain, i:-,n1 lewdness, o:f'f'enc&, "here~Co:re o~ octo~A~ 1905, 1fy ays 211.d times, an· , rormrtR of' prost.i+,nt.ior .p ot Ars on the she, ic1lo enrl c...ifl!:}olutR pernons, rs r + st , in +,1is, ircui ::.s i''ell hereby · 8 urt as :.,aid �• �0 0 Po c ~ingham C aunt. r, To "ri t : re ..om' erR' i ne ur of Har:ri~onl ].tayor County, 0 rr1_ 0: 1 t on ,his 21st anr1 ox of'ficio J Rt.icr f,t, 2.c .no ledge SE:W8rall day of o:f' t,h') Peace to o"ro t themselves of' Vi1•c,•inie., "s follff•rs., thB.t of Five anc1..+,1n sA.i ·_ Jor::enh hU rd.re' Tolla.rs, is to Htff ren nollfrs, this obliP""ati.on Yet, this unon ee.c. they 0 condition, ex off'icio t11e P<'HW0 for this, t1 at she, rl_i Ver C o+, s Rnr. times, 0I' :U ~ m ep and m~_intain, ill-fame, re8orted ir1J.e a n:'l. dis snl pros ti u tion of enr1_ 1e,·rr1J1ess, noctin&'h,ar,i County., fine .,_ te11r.. o~·' ,, convi r, i ~ y cou:;:-t., then +.: nB, tion, and 8 app0ar 1)efore 0 se.i0. of-f'ence, R ni shall id .relve Thren '7';; a ce1·tain said depart +,he sai0. divers of' in the jail she pay a 88.id to the next Ad& Graham on th0 ay 1st een foun · ,::, il ty and. con- ·•:ithou+. e void; of r from ~r'hicl an anpeal C:irc.ui t court, sho h·'s to b 2nr1. that. costs; in house tho purposes r10nths, NO"!, if b unla:•rf'Ully to he confine<'l Tollm~r; an, l 1 as o no""r rosorte.4. Ada Graham too· horAof shall an ·jurl.P-Ad of t11G n t thence t is rncof'"nizance x as vromen, for 8n.. me tllfl term + ,.., Ada r.ra.hz.m •ras a. misdeneanor, :for 1905, t, inrn, :rcui t Go J~t Of' :-~~iii. County; personally conce-r:-:.inf vict for men ::,,nd. of Obe Huno..red.·~011 .rs, ;iue.gmcP t. an shall ,oth of' Fi e of Harri soy burg an.cl mai nt, ins, a 11 that t.o persons, s3.i. To, n, in :Jc..i County, 2nd. nov keeps to during 'ayor October n in SUTI1 sum a. Axemptions. homeste ceic1.. rounty, J.ay of on t.ho 0 cor:no:n"'e'"' t A t, ,, here as: the that me, o. J3. noller, of t 0ir ·rnive tr i::- ,1_cy triP- ,1 1,efore Jtrnticc D :rsey &. .oc1·in nan for sP.icl A a Gr ham the A A goods 8n.., chr·+,+,el9, 1 n:s i:i.n~'l+.0neof' the Cor:rnon"'Cal th rond.ered; and of thci'' •nsp(rntive m"nt s to l'e levied, l:lnd :fo-;..•~.he use as to th say, Octo11e:i? 1905, lee.ve otherv.risc of' t. e sPir to remain in full ��fo:?cc an--1.virtue. ac .no "led e T 1-: the d~ r !"'ncl y ,E-r above ''lri tto ~ofo:rA me, in nairj_ To.. n in said county, • ex of'f'icio ,Tl 8t.ico AP> to tion b xet efit any 1 ibility :Po1~t.hin the a~ om? o:f' t.1e. P0ace :for -Pocldn, omest : I'flTTi:Ss our ,.,]'lich may arise fo:rog0ing recogniza 1iy arn <J unt r-aso of' the en, ad exemntions. signa turee this 21st , 11 r of ~.'fh~~J()~ Octorier 19 05. (808.l) obliga- �0 0 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Ada Graham Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony kept a house of ill fame. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Prostitution Kept a House of Ill Fame Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr01_004_053 Graham https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_006_159-commonwealth-v-adam-early.pdf d44d4675c5d76051f6e504a559d53e1f PDF Text Text Common"vealth of Virginia, COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To•" It: IN TIIC CIRCUIT COURT OF SAi fl COUNTY: an,JNL '' . ) 'l <l h ;;1 lt l • 1J1 t~ • n,t • :-m. iJ, \,.l il .... 'l • t • I I .1 t 1 Vt • Q 1 ,t or \ r."" · .. 1- .. •at U,'1 - ,o • lcr 1 n th in " 1:1 • • lit ria.."t --n o' - . .,. = 1 ; ) ._1l,l"'' M 11 ' l lf'li\.·• • '! ' \:1 '\'I'!" !."J.hn."\1L '"Ot.;\ ontou ' ,, 0 0 4 I I .. 1 J\l.t.,..n t , in, h 10t., n l ._, lf\tl,. .. • 1 t. •. 1 .. 1. •') ,. . t ". u t• o · t'"l'l gnn 'Y t. •1. , id, 1 ') 1 1, ♦ 1 ,_ , ., •:1 1'\ ioafo~•:it1.t INt•~ 11,-.1, :.:Wll'lllt)"ot t b~ <..rn11m,;imt"t..·•·hb; ot \ 1;_a;1('111,; J ,--..: 1 0 ,. . P. ... ti- • t. t, .. o ,1th lt. ·1)1..,f•tt, \' • -1 kfl, 1. : t;l - Oil "ha1.,. ,1 "'a lJ." 1l \fU:I ~:1~1·,. H r1 l ah,~•c-1 • 1 1.. 1. '1.· • ·1du;,<.nf. r1 ~'° "".,•v. 'tl A<t_ 1 1 ... ~., ) ) l1 -L-iO-. ,, ,. 1 i.;:.1. T.'°'... t h t'1a.1 l r " n,.. 't~-~ ll 1 r-rod 'J. P • l Ocu �1 '.' .~ ~ -1 '. ~f17 \\J · t .t . ll F () ~ '\, ,. ~ .f:- '. 0 J ,.) ~► l" r ~ )t ::; ::; \ " ~ 0 .... < lb ,:,....:;, ~ ~ ,.. .... ~ :-, t\ " -.]': ,._ I\ r l" • f ' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Adam Early Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony murder. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Murder Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_006_159 Early Smith https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_003_045-commonwealth-v-adolph-pirkey.pdf 7bbdeaf798c8997361eb73ef4740297e PDF Text Text • Hurst's Standard Forms, Annotated. lN f o. [Code, Hurst l Pulaski Indictment. 35. §~3989, 3999, 4000, 40II, 4045; I-1urst"s Guide ,Oft\ft\(O)t\\lV(~alt~of & Manual, & Company, City, Va. pp. 537 (:;). 540-5, 546, 617-18.] 'f i)lgiqia, CO[INTY O.F_ . ...... !19. 8.~J1. e.ri::i.Irl TO-lF:IJ1: ···········' Circ:1it IN_.THJJ)e-t!J, PY CQll~.f Of SAID C0V:YTY: FiteJurors of tlze Commo!lzcealtliof F'irginia, in a~d for tlze bod11of tlze (y-n111lyoj' ......., alld noa· atteflding tlze said Court at its ...........P..o.c.Kir:ii:;.lH1I:;,_ .... .. . . . . ......uo eir:.ber ... ....term, in tlze year 19 04 ......., upoll tlzeir oatlzsprese1zttlzat oy .. ···•.. ....... Ado l..Pll ..Pirk , in tlze 11earJJ:lQ.4.... , i1ztlzesaid County, the l'lor3e ~nd and carry away. ro~rty of' one J. P. Good f'elo .iously agaillst tlzepeace and dignity of tlze Ccmmo1zwealtlz of ri1~qinia. [lpon tile evidenceot.}fl.. ..~:}. ... .b....£ ...~.,,,4-.A..n-v ~.J.fq~J..~c.-✓r.t'~ ~ .... ,£,. .~M,.J.v.A ... ..l:n,IC~,.7 ,,__,,_ witness ...swam m open Court a77dsent to tlze Grand Jury to give evidence. ··········•·-········· ··•····· ...... , Clerk. c.Ld :-Jteal, ta1:e, �\o. :1:,. qon, n~o 1\,ye,al tlt INDICTMENT FOR A rs. { <f/t4-, ;,J" I Jlrlf .. .. (J A TRUE } 9-v-/t,? d"l,,\.. BILL. ~ ~UJ?~, , fa'or1'1111111. �1 ,r ...... To ......................... •...• ........ ~"................................................ . Superintendent of the Virginia Penitentiary . ......... ; ___ 1 .: .. '.1 ' ...... ···············................................... '"' ...................•.......... ._ Court 0£................. ~-'-~-~-J. .... :..!} __ ~----·····················, on the ........................ day of ....................... . - . (). ........:,,·•· ..····•-..•..··- ...................................................................................................... ....................................., "has served out half of his term of imprisonment for which he was sentenced; that ._ ........................... . he has kept the prison rules for the two years next preceding the date of the expiration of one-half of his term," "as shown by the prison records," and it further appearing that the said ........... '...'..~ .....~ ...~:............ :........ ~.~ ...:.......................... , # • N o............. L .............. , is a fit person to receive a parole, and having furnished satisfactory assurance that ...:....... . will have employment as soon as.......~~.? ...is discharged. on parole; now, therefore, We, the Board of Directors of the Penitentiary of the State of Virginia, in pursuance of author- ity vested in us by act of Assembly, approved March 7, 1904, do parole the said. ......................................................... .... ,,.. :1 '.).i • , ,~/ ' . . .1 . ....................................................................................................................................... , No ......................... , durmg the remamder of....................... . term of sentence, upon th0 following conditions-viz: 1 ·:v,: t. , ,, .: ................................................................................................................................ . .., I) • ti--.. ~. -i .~ r.. t. .• :<..:~·.ct ~· r l ·~ That ........ '......... shall proceed at once to the place of.................. employment and promptly send in_ t9 the Superintendent of this Penitentiary • - > a report of................. arrival, with the fact endorsed thereon by ................. . employer; and that .................. shall at all times during this parole conduct .................. self as an honest, sober, peaceable, industrious, and law-abiding citizen, subject at all times to the conditions and provisions con- tained in section 4 of the said act, approved March 7, 1904, which reads as follows: "When a convict is paroled on conditions to be observed and performed by him, and such conditions are violated, he shall, upon complaint being made before a justice of the peace or any other officer authorized by law to issue warrants of arrest, be forthwith apprehended and brought before the Circuit Court of the city of Richmond, or any Circuit or Corporation Court in whose jurisdiction he violated said conditions, and the said court shall investigate the charges, and if the said person is found guilty of violating the cQnditions of his parole he shall be returned to the penitentiary, there to serve out the unexpired term of his sentence; and in computing the time of his confinement the time during the pendency of any appeal from the trial court in which he was sentenced for the original offence :::u.ime between the conditional pa- ,o?J7ZiGmest ,hfill not be taken .a~t:~Jo:;:;~:/;;;•;t:;;;;; _ robe ·························-············-·············•··•····--·-······················· ·······-·········-·····-········· er 1 ... I · ,'fl·,,u!K1)<1 agr to perform all its cqwliSi9ns. · 71 C,./ ) ! .....~ ........................................................... No ............................................... _ Witness, Date ................................................................................................... . :~~ �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1904 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Adolph Pirkey Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony larceny. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Larceny Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_003_045 Good Pirkey https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_009_275-commonwealth-v-albert-gordon.pdf 05b11b4b92149aa3213d00d1e5bf8b33 PDF Text Text ..• •• ' ' CO'lMONWI r\l 'rll 011 Vm.(.INlr\, k.OCI\INflll\\l COF\T'I. } 'J'() WIT u: 'lo~)!,;,,;;~ • When,_'""-• ! ~-fl , a ('ou,.1nt-k of tmJ Com11y <-f\irgin.ia. IQ \aOl'lnt.and yoa forth\\ ilh m "rbes-cUr'-"th~rore. in the a amt• ol lbl" Commoa"c:.hh hend !lnd hrins: bdore m~ or M:>U><mh('r _ J uslic::c<.,f1ht• "-'ltd Count~•. 1ht•boJy ll--'Pf'..-"- of the s::Ud And you are rc<tuirul to sum- -~~ to appir.arttnt1s.'1,cc,·ideoce in kb:.11f of the C<,mmoo,,t."i).ltb.oo the ei:uuinatlon 1ouchjn~ th\! G1u·n uo<lcr my hu,1)Jund ~--nlthis ,1t',u. 'I No GO chw o~ ~,' , 'ti .,........ ~ ..-.tJ0HM1ce-. . m 1lw _,\.'UT l 9n. J, I' · ($col> �•• l c..{,,,.i~-6,4,,~~ ..:,.. _'{£. ,,~--'-,1--- e, .. 7 / l,, 1,don- . "'Jw•IN\I" "' Aodi1ti!Jtam Cu,i,ily, u•!ll "" 111111,,,1~'1! ,,,,. ... ,1.~'",,;,,a.-tJ ~ " ll'UIIA't-- INlll ht ...,.,..,,., t• -fZ,·v..,,~ ,.,.t~ (.J:io ; 1~1•.,.,f-~.,41.~'-"'•-tin101tk �• • • • �• •• •• • • • . . . �Commoo,vcalth of 'Virginia, 1T 0 ··t· 1 Rockingham Coun1y, j ·" • 1;",.,.,,I ~,.J./ uwl la\\lJJI 11\,1lk} ui' ~f'l~ ,, n lltt· l-UW h·~µt'(J:li\" •ly 1lt(• Pnit•·•I Ru-t!,,(;,,._~-~• ~• .~, ~-~ft.,,J..,~ 1111111,•11n,I St.1t1•-., Fits ~ lcn,-...1(l( 1hdr nu,1 th1• ..~j,I h, I(.,. )14@.AP-Jd~, ,,,,.,,t'.c;:1,. ,,-IQ pi•• & ,\-,•rnl - ______ ,tui .. 1-. Ll,,U.ar-c••r li .• P t:'lk-.1 LH.J i..-Ju\ 1[.,.£.....,!7~...(4-t 't7 1U!iU••~·. lt• \,, 31111rl1111!1•l-1, lnn,IQ nil f• h I\' 111•, .m,1 lb1•y �• • �- ~ -____ , tr>.:J. tt>uplflt ;md tl,r uu.il, lo 1rr11 ,,n lwlwf/ bf ,...,,____ _,,_._ • ,,_,•.,,, .......,._r_d,(,,,~ .. -,,. 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JJm,•"• 11.1 ",,,.,,,11, • C1trA· �'• • �., In the Name of the Commonwc,hh of Virginio: fo ... ,I ,~, Ir ,.., r.~iw r. ~ l."MA uJl.dM J•••f Grt'fflntt t I t:,/~ ,f11,f IMA ti 11.l /Ju rr I I. ~bcl'IU •f Moc1dn.gh.Jim Ceunty, R" t JO•. 11,,.,.~ tJ. ,.,,.,. iii. ~ II .,, tr ,.-ru I,,\• r• rl. / 11,,,IZ..Jt ,. , t , 1>Ur.-,,d r.,.,rJ er,,-,. t1 ,;.,. 1.TV,1t tf , ((l•rf 11,»o" ti,-, ·•/JI~ ('w,i,,..,.. ~1;:J13.,'A, ✓-~,.,' - ,10 ,.,,,,. �'• -z..o -- - �•• �" • �• •• COl.l!:!O :;wEU ~ H .• v. ft rt .;01J. 11r.J. ua, aoc:.teod, tt 70, lino ni !Uilt7 ~to:.il!t \'11th ir..t••1t, ~ ,t~ not .i.g wltl: with 'l Ii eton.,, l,ut ;0th et"lnu. f1nd not l.tldl g11llt.J, etr!ttn~ tc£•nt, wJtn !'Oil will 1111 1'1 cc U o: 1:1, cu.11\J t,"4 hlo gallt:; 1oten't, "ooden, ot LSll~io1U1lt 9.S o.tl8rt,?"Od 1.n the :Jsl' •1 ;-,a :i.1bert YB oheu·go1 iml. ,lou&ly of unlaw•,117 in tb:o t-aid atrl - etrilt np; l•!':i ict:n t, ctlut,e or, t: 001u.no::.ttnt u 11 i.e u ....t. ex-..:eed la ,.ia.1j not e:1ci1edlJ:\! ~ 1.1 ;.he, Ju.rJ u.t t,_e Jt,lOniee 1.1.Ve ht.Ultlred 11 •toreeaJ.c 'tr.o.,' enould. t-a'l ao 11l t.ne • tut :. 1lne net exoted.-'-re; f1vo 1 ,,1b. f"ne ~1 t~t. en\ , ~i.t.:v•41tu .,all. t,.61ve cr.ontha. &n4 doll.are, Q J.Sed no l ~1,11 "'.C11J1..;,; o.x aseli .!!d aaoertt11n bj '! \1111,e hh· r.:ni4red l 0 l a i 1.hr• l,,7 ,1.;. l' 4tt4 ba.i:.e..rl'. pu'1hli'1 eu.t. vmloh t>nel l ne dollure, c,r tnora.hA, or b" botn on.1 t :i ~unt. ft e.J!.d. coe1... �•• • • ► ~ ..., tr < () 0 !J "• "R s... & 0 ., ' .. , ~ <' 0 ~ tt .."•... " • -:, C, Iff :,, �• " • CO:JMC:lW:':.!.LTH OJI' VI:lO llilA, co:rn'l"I ot scco::~;r~:;, to-.u: In the Cirouit ColU't 01 ssid ~h~ tr&Dd j:i.rors ln a.rd tor of ·"'OCKhifMm. tera:, l~~&, on or .. oout abd 11~011 oow at\er.du~.it Lhu1r oathe th& 26Lb aa1cl Dori. t:1n~. tr.ere, 1elonioosly si.011•, wit.o intent, aou.r\ at tha\ 19iu. lte Oo:tober Ubert Gooden, In tl1e .... 1a County, did r.:l6Jte,. tt.n aaeaul 1., a.ud her, and n:aliclo!lely her. to r.alm, 41•fle,,ru,dlsa'bl• (l.?';ddl~n!ty a,dd ~t.e bo~J ot said cO\l.!'.ty do ,ires,.nt 4a, of Ju.ly, 1n and upon ono Dora lUng, e largo coan1,;;: ~id etrl.re t.be wlto t.hft s·d4 Dore. .X1J--S, then and ,,ndk11L •~alnst tr.a ,eaoe of tl.e Co:,m,r:i~eal~t. c~ V1r£!t1s. / 'l'hi e lt:dlcti..or..1. /\'l. Kina:. luora witnese.ee x.lug, cworu eivt1 evldence. ...a fow1d o .,u.wrt.selle1'11" ln cOQl"t .!l.Ild eant t.ne 1eu\1Jnon;,· of bud a.r,on bt,10re John S-bi+1J At-t, lh(! p-rtu:td j11.ry to �t/ I, ~ ,,_,__4-~ ,,.,,✓-~ I U,7P- ~ st:,.7._,/ n ,,_._...___. -h--• ~ I). ........ ~, ,u.,,,,,_II ,:,L,... "4-L<. r,u.,. w • -'<'~ ((.. .,_,_It........,, /~ ~ ~ ""· I '-'---,.._.., ,-....:t.7;z ,...,_,,:,_,,t ...... 1...::::> .... ~ ....,_,_/.._,.r~- ~.....tu..~7 ~/~ ~,_,_, n > 0 -. ., .." !j 0 """u . e;! ... . :,.; I,'.' ., ., •·~ .. .," Q ~ 's ... ~ ... "' .., .., .. .,. 0 .... 0 ., "" ,~ .. 0 ~ a .., ~ '·" C) ~ 0 Q 0 ~ 0 ., "' 0 IS, <T 0 E .. ....... a. .. .. " .. " " .... " ~ 0 ~ E' ~ :,- �a -· «• ...... 1,;IH ~ ,,__ , - .... ¥',. ~....,. ,I ... �• /i , � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Albert Gordon Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony attempted murder. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Attempted Murder Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_009_275 Gordon King https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_006_187-commonwealth-v-albert-sulter.pdf c3972ada4aed797c77323d7dfec087aa PDF Text Text ,. •• VIRGIN IA--County fo //,( ('/{'!"/,: • I, of Rockingham, To-wit; o/ lht· l'irrwil Om,•/ t,/ ,.,,i,t t~,t11d11: ~ • ,j, · ti,~ ,u ,/u:-.Ju·,• t,( flt,· fhu, rt.•rliJ!1 ll1,1/ I lun,· 11,i.v!111!I r•1111111ill,,I ~/ I, l1, I hi;., I/ml I,, 1 111'"' /Jw Joi/ ,,; ,r,1•/11/,\ttfll S" /1;,0(/ ,,/ .J!Jt// .iu __.1-,t.,~-fa-. ~eL .A..L ,.,.-,,I._~ ~ <r )t. ,,I/a~- ~JL,.J...t J«L .....A,J..._.pf;, JI... 1-~l,- 1.d ~ ~,,tJ a., "..;;J._ .i.laL , ~~ Al;. s r,m11ty, fur a fi.•l,,hy 'Nt .A!l4J ~ ,,., .,,,,1,.,,,,,iv A~~ ~ ~ ~,,.-t.,LI.,. v{lit/ flJWll(J, t/t; lu.:rr·Utt w- ~ ,,,,,/),.,.,_.tfi_.,_ /,, "ai,J r111111/11, fh.nl /1, 11w11J,.. /rin/ /,. p,1·,· th,• n,, ,, ii hin, r-Nnn,ilf, ti/ r- -~....., t .. '-Ct f1'h,,c.,t, • ./,.-, It ,.,.'J - r ~ .,..' -- . ._. I- ;Ji:,,6-¥ 1- 'JA,....'Jj: ¥"' , r;;,.cu c11ul"r /IJ!f Junul ,rail M'ttl tld."' / /t: 1ln11t,j' ~~ ~ w// .,J(,.), it a. ~,._ , .1. P. [t. sJ �,.• • �,.• •• • of the ►aid oonnt>. has thi~ 11:ty made 1m lrnng bc:f,r e,()~ r:ur,. nr-~Ub. ,/-. ,,Jl1i:-rJci-.trc,: AJ tl1t"'-111 CMllll)', d.,JY~ 1hc 1)udy of the- w1d to .1ppc."'1ra11..l~.,n: e.-v1drnceJu h1:h-.1tof Liu: l..:°'*''lwunw,•.&ltb, ,u, I b~ ,•umiu:111,m loncbiug th~ Hie) off co«' Ci\'dl. unJ'-r mr b1t.tul nml j,1.:.11Jtbl,1 $-- AC d.lly 1,(1Y'~ ~... ii.. l.,.f/.(l I- m they(•.ir iv// �• • 1•.1• .l:t'l I ,l<_;D NOV~ l ~ 'tAl\TZ, P.I:~ _,,.--- ~----1,trl ~,.,.,,,_ • ' IA# " ......-i "4-lt , • .di -, h .: ,J.r ""'' ~ Jf) .,wl . ,<tj.a;_._ hrn • 1(, •1., .;/(,I>~ ,t R , (,.,c~ '"' t ,,,,.,,,, "d /It' •• , llt(,'l>tl ..... //, V/jllf lf • .-,,J fl;i(.a ''"'"' c/f,r1faN""' N,,,ftn,:lr ,..,. t 11ui;fl-• AJ.• y.,w,/-1: r,J L.:. ,t,g •v-r.:L �.,'•' ' •• • • • �' ., '• •• • ( �• .. • • Lt. ~,J_ ~ cN\-C!.Ml' ......... r,.....,.~·• -t.L. i 1i ~ ~ ~.... ..,f- ~ ~ ~~ �• •• • • • �' . • '• ·, • • • l1- ,.J ~ a, u,./ ?, WI; t,,t • . tf:~ I , ,fl({, ~"' L l a..(.(_ 7w{ ~ ""' 114 al (., -Q._... <l d, t t,Jrt• ..;{( 7' I • rv--i.i.cn 1.t. "•'- - • J \ ' �• • • \ • • • �' •• I -t, - 1 • r t 1 • ,. l, • 0 o:l ot1 1:: 1 1 t ::b'" t t, 1t f''\11 ~ 1 I L 11 t 1 L 1"l· !J.ty - .• 1 . vl.,t.1 ol ry 1:::.x, t ::r. t t t 1. rx1 1v ;Jy • b ~ ,t. 11. 1 1 .J,y 1 1 0 t 11t it. 1• ,i1l'Y t '.11 t V .• rur ti , ~ 1 I ti b or •• t -ob 1. • 1.1 VO Il ob b1l1ty C ~ :,r,.• 61"" t 1 .• T 1t 1 3 t!'fi t: 0 ♦ • l p jury • ' • b t ~ t .1• 1 J ., 1 t. 1 b 1 l J Yi 0 �' .. • • 1 �' •• In~l'Ull• • 7he .,_1n 1 Pl'OV lll!),W IT.' r cy 0 tJ b :art t :.U 11& Ci 1: t t. t. .,. 1 Vl t • .. !y Of' th r Qt) s 1 1n ,. J • l "" C'1 l, ""'.llt.r: bt 111 I.?' t 11 ;j .re ·..n.· 1n 1n ♦ t 7 • t 1t1on 3 y l t. 1 t emu l Tl. t t to tlon n J • e. 1 en::_, • t. 1 ul or t 1 t D 1'h ' • ct t. 1, 0 ~r o t ,. 1 I 1 Cl - C 1 rt:! t O'lrt t nvlct • th t.1 t. 1 Ill T 7 j\U"Y th. t , 101, f't<Jr t ;J l 1t b,:r 117 to 1. nrtot T t ttl'7 ' ct ~-1 t.: t n"" tno 7lc> t t.rw, t :l. • l10 nv1ot1on �' • • • • • ' • �•· ' . ' • • l:.IIO"llo 1 i.:: oo r-t 1Mt, r,.: t fl, " .,,,._.d o 01· • r ~ ll, o L ii 1 J. I fbrc1 i tl ~t 1a 1t 1 l u JVl C!d ~ lutl::.! t, y t 1"' t 't/ 1 l TIii by • • • ' 'l:' 0 I • u AIVI ""In I ly 0 tn• 1n th o:u-r~ 1 IM t 1. 1\11 Ul •rth f'Jl'a t• ll ff /n✓,i it :I. t b .Lt b 11 V ·11..,. ~-~c.,,f ,,.- �'f .. I �• •• • 1, • t 1! t.. • t th t y ' t 0 •• 1 t., -6, , .. 11¥ i n t. -t I b11Jty, he, c;,t-1 , Utt;, t 1 t t. r tJ,: ,, t t ~,. -"'t .',,/?./'"•-Ii or I\ I t ? 'V i· ti,l ...,11 .. p ., JoG • - t. n, 1n ;;;,7t L t t n l 10 1" ~1211'10 - 1 ,,..4-~ t ti:u7 t 1 I, \: 0 1 , 1 err • o t .., t • I l ,. �• • �f • •• ' Co111111011,vealth of Virginia, COUNTY OF l{OCKINOIIA1\\ 1 To-wit: IN 'l'tll! CIRCUIT C<)IJl(I 01' SAil) COUNTY: 'I ,, l\ltnlll uf tlw 1',11t1mnt1',\'<'11hh lll \'ir.z111ljl, 111MHJ f,q• the hud\ .u•,\ now ,ntnJlni. ,,ntht,,.,,.J,. !ht• Rid (..'.o1n•1 IU {u,, •,1irn-w,.IK,,, .,,, .. , • ,., , ........ , ,,. or th1• C11unh· + ( lti.d.i11~:h·1111, • , , a" ,., j " /1<I '(f7,.,j, P'-~ 7" -··- ... ...... Cfork. �' •• � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Albert Sulter Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony rape. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Rape Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_006_187 Eutsler Sulter https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_009_281-commonwealth-v-a-toliver-and-m-jacobs.pdf 82063eb2784c6b5c8107830a79586eaf PDF Text Text ' CaotiOl!WlULTS OP VIRCilllA: • ~ Rooltlllghom lb• Sbu1f1' fo Count;,, Greetib@: You are bereby OO&mlindedto au•on ~1b ♦ rt to •PP••r before tbe and llillnio Tol1Ttr of tho C1rcu1 t Court Jll4go at tbe Court Houee thereof, Jonuary, 1926, to en•••r you atend tbie yon aholl eod Lbort tbia W1tr,,ee, llouae, et 10 o'cloolt, the Colllllonwoelth •·•·• of Book111f!b•m County, on th• 6th day of ot the mie4ome,nor of whiob 1"41otod. ad tb•n Jaooba J. ,. not omit 'IUlder the of 1100. ~04 BUCJCBURB,Clerk of our ~•id Court, et tho Court 1926, om to tbe 160th year of Lile Commonweal th. I lrVa' /..( ~---- .. ~ ..... ..... l:t... "l .... .,. . ::'. I~ ~ " ... ,; ~ "' ~ • ~ ~ t ;• 1:,-, , ~J ~ ...__ "' ~ ~,. ' '-,,..i " ~ ·i " i ' ~~ ;,~ :'G'\~' "· ...; ._.. ' ~ ~ ..... " .., ~ ~ ~ "" ~ -~~ ~~ ~ ·,J • !~~ ~l'-...j~ N ~~,' • i' PTO llrlt. 26th de;y ot .D.oodior, the penalty \ • 1 • Clerk. �• • '• • .u .... • ! .... • : o ,:lfa't•d O ,:aTJ • tt ~ ~ f. t, • . '? ". • I I • ' ~ \ .......___ 1~ ' .. -~ • '- l' \> ~~ \c,. 't ~ a I • 9.[ •• --------"--.....-- ., . ... • l • #n 0 # . !?l dl ...~ [' • . • ~~ ~ -ie { f ' ~ ',r l �•• In the Nume or 1he Commonwc:llrh of Virginia: To rl•e SherlU 91 R1~k.hi&1!\l'l.mCetunty, (,reelllll(; I, 0111 ,,. 1,rf,~r,· /J♦r ,/111/fl' ,,f 11,,('iffttil IJ,,,ut>IJ;, r-,•,,J.1.1t10 ,,'rl ,f•I..,, ,,.,, Ott ii,,. • f• I ''11' """"' • 1111, ci.•r 'wi/1" -,.111✓1 ('1ur1I 11/' l,,,,.f,•o•!/IH111 I'/ I ,.f ,., tirn, 1,f • f ,.,,/W ,I(, __,;c,/to/ 1H-II I/Ii, ,,ml l)u,·,· I/,;& U'1lt lllt,1 / y,,fl "' f ,I i- t•t ·r1. r1[ 11,,r IIL -H'A"l:l"U,\' d2-,../ · 1,11;..,.r,;,,d ,,. '"' ✓ ~' l ... 1(,/ ('mttl ~JJ,~ ' �•• �• ' • CC!.!UO!l'll!:r..:::raOF VIR~IltL,. COLlJTY01'' ?.OC.ll J:f.Ut, I11 tne ClrouJ. t. Co12rt. 01 S~ld ot t o Coant., Count:,: of !oo..c1Dg'nam, Mild now attend.in!! a1. 1-:e Oa"ober Aloert to-w1 t: l';,25, tdrm, 'I'ollver, on t.he u.p;,i:~ t!letr - .i1!ti 111~:lu Jaoobe, vot a,ud, being laeolviouel \hf.$ ,..rri~4 1•r-e1er-.t t.J et d.a; o! /-,1.,~•• lvwdl.y catbs f!sid Coi;.:-t i!I th• tores,id, c,11111,1 ... 6.BL"·Olat.!! aud. :i;,t-,.nuit. with ealtl Albert to ~oh e,:al -~ :l:ft pot,ce Tolh·,r oti~r .. ,d of on, ~Pd !Jl!'..nle 0:tlCL'bB ,1ur1J.o all 4lgnlt_ did the time !i:tor,, .. iho :omuo!lW••ltl:. Of 71ro;ln!a • V .,_hh1 ltdictuent Ar:i.ton. ••· 1. Bi¥Orr· it, court Gree,.., ia round on t.ne t ce"tl;nnny ot Jen, .L. "~ ,t'ri..:rtt. )And aent. b"to:-e a.nd :. 't.bt.i ersud U. Jilz:tr, jary .=i -.vitnee-aee to gl.-e eVtdeuoe. �• .' ,. • • •' "y =' "i," ►" ':o- lil ., .. .., ~ -...... ..."' "' • t.,. ► 0 ~ - ' .. ... ... "' - • 0 Q ... ..- "' ... "' "' • .,• 0 O' .. a .... ... " "' "., ::: 0 .. .. .. .. ... ........ .,.. ... " " ., .. g "' .. e: 0 0 • ., 0 ~ 11 .. ~ <., V C .,. ., 0 ~Cl ;, p. ii < �~ ~---• -,,,.,1,., • .-1 .. C.·• I'·,,. �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Albert Toliver and Minnie Jacobs Description An account of the resource Defendants charged with misdemeanor cohabitation. Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Cohabitation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_009_281 Jacobs Toliver https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_065-commonwealth-v-alexander-black.pdf 9c87f8d9f4ecd14c4960f24d5d04660c PDF Text Text COMJIWNWEAL'J'H OF VIRGINIA ROCKINGTIAJ\1 . WnEREAS, 00 .:.p.l~tion ' } TO-WI'!': COUNTY, ~.....$~............. ......................................... ,., C:a.e:1i!ttMi,of said County: To ... C:../, ..~. ........................... ,of the ssid county, has this day made ... on oath befo,e me, ..~)··'~" .................. -.D~ • Justice of the said eouoty, that ................................ ~····· ..····································· .. 4......... of the said county, on the .................................... day of.:. 190 .. ~.-. in the said county, did ��Hurst's Standard Forms, Annotated I No 3. Certificate of Commitment forTrial. I Hurst & Company, Pulaski City, Va, Code, sec's 3970•71. I VIRGINT.ll. 1 COUNTY OF.................................... .... . .............. ................................., '110-lfl'JJ': ��r • COMMONWEALTH ROCKINGHAM OF VIRGINIA, COUNTV, l TO -WI 'r. . ~ ........................................ . Jo ........ WHEREAS, complaint and information on oath before me,.. and bring before me, or some other ............................................................. .............. ............. to appear Justice of the said County, and to be farther .... 7g·~ ··············Irk:~~~f - .. . A .. ................... ~·~·. and give evidence ........a Justice of the said county, that the body of the said ........................................................... . ......................................................................................................................... dealt with according .. to law. And you are required to summon td. ,,;r~ ~. ."I/.~.~,, .......... :~ ......................... . ~~jA-~L~ . in belfalf of the Commonwealth, Given undo, my hand and seal this .... ;:!_.i.('.······day REGISTER PRINT HARRISONBURG VA .~ .......................................................... . ~~ the said complaint, LL o_/ said Cou11l,_y: of the said county, has this clay made ......... .................. ~... O~ to answer . ........................... , ~C2215(c{J(e _ on the examination oL ·~- touching -·······-· the said offence. ...... in the yeac ........... t.r:--/t~J P ,90&. [SEAL.] �r • I, io Uomnwnwealth vs. .Execiitecl the by arresting ~ Arrest Warrant . within warrant rend delivering tfl\ ,.;& ............. ~......................... . before- ..... .... CL Justice and nmned by of Rockingham, sumnioning witnesses in the County within person, this �! • Hurst's Standard Forms, Annotated. lN f I o. [Code, J Hurst & Compan), I Pulaski City, Va. Indictment. 35. §§3989, 3999, -1000, .JOII, 4045; I-1urst's Guide & Manual. pp. 537 (:;), 5-10-5, 546, 617-18.] J'lzejurors of tlze Commonwealtl,of T'irgillia,in a1zd for tile body of tlze CottllttJof ....................... , a11d1zoa·attenrlill[Jtlze said Court at its ....................... •"-f'Ll"'-""'"lirt'\A~_-_. ...... . term, ill tlzeyear if.~ ,upon tlleir oatlzspreselltthat �' . - " I )> : -C t 0 ..i ...,;i ,..... i--1 ,;,..- 0 ..t:i -~ ~ ·< -~ :::0 C rn 2 cS ...., CD 0 r 3: m r- :z ...., "T') 0 70 ► \, ~ ,-.. -~ /. 7' �r • • STATE OF VIRGINIA, ( TOWN TO .:::-,J .. ~ lJ7hereas. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... complaint and fr,jonnation THE ..,,, - !: . ... CHIEF OF HARRISONBURG, O~OLICE . OR ( ANY ..... . ......... ~.~ .. (~¼ OF SAID TOWN: , of tlie sctid town, has this day made ~.~ .. ~f tlie said town, on the . ........... 190.c.?.. : in said town did .. ~ .. ~ ...... THE Mayor of the said town that .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................... ........ ~~.,(r_¾. POLICEMAN ~~............ on oat/1,before me, 0. B. ROLLER, TO-WIT: ~ .. ~7·····~···~~ day of ~7··· ... 7 ~ ..~ ..~....~~-·-·;P-·····'···~········~~ .... ,?.-?,.~/· .t ...... . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . .•. . . . . • . . . . ... (! . ................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . M.............. .. ..... ... ....... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................ . ' . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' .................................................................................. These are therif01·e in the 11arnenf the Commonwealth rif Vfrginia, hend and bring before me or some other Justice tlie body of tlie said . .. to ansice1· tlw sa·id cornplaint and to be fitr·tlier dea~itli Gi1,·en i111dermy ha11d and seal this.-~- ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·.•· ................................. named . ......... , .... ~( . .... day of. ........ to appre- ~... 4~ ~ ~......... ...... ~ ........ .. 190 ... .. ~ ?.. ...l; ............... . (SlfAL.) l .1.1fayo1·. day of .... ....... ,J. .(. -~. ?:~ .......... Summon tlie foll.owing witnesse:s : .............................. E.cecuted this . ... to command yoit forthwitli acco1·ding to law. . . • .. .. .. . ' ;(. . ..... -/ i. :": ....... ............................................ ( ........................... . . , 190 .... , by an·esting the above /2..~ ....:............ ......................... and bringing . .... ·~ .. ~ ........... bif 01·e . t ....·.......................................... . Jiulgmen t on tlie . .. £. ~ay ·of . .✓• #.~ Defendant . . .U.~ . .t(}. ....d.L ..~~- .~ ~- .......... , 190 . .S.-:-:, ... .fowid. ~ ..... ..~1:-:t.~ guilty 11._pon tlie tlie testimony on oath of ................................................... . �r • f I ~~ (' ; j (\ ' 1 \ ~ \ '------r \,. i ' '( ~ . !v )/ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Alexander Black Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony theft. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Theft Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_004_065 Black Coffman https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_005_147-commonwealth-v-alexander-morris.pdf 7c03e08f966f9bf9f851e816b7bcf081 PDF Text Text ,, ,--~~~--------~-- ~ .·... Commonwealth of Virginia, COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit: IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAID COUNTY: The jurors of the Commonwealth and now attending of Virginia, the said Court at its .......... in and for the body of the County of Rockingham, ~ .................... upon their oaths present that .. ~~···~;J' term, in the year 190.<J.., .............................................. .. .... against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth of Virginia . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. witness ... sworn in open Court and sent to the Grand Jury to give evidence. . .................................................................... Clerk. �Commonwealth v, { I~" ~ ti'~ -~~-----------------·---·----------··---· ----· r~~L A F~~ .... ,4 -♦ •·." _,.... " ... ., TRUE BILL, ;:,,eman �' . Commonwealth of Virginia, COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit: IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAi D COUNTY : The jurors of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in and for the body of the County of Rockingham, the said Court at its .... J~D:iJ.f;l..:r.v .................... and now attending . A.lexander ................. term, in the year 190 .. ~., 'iorri upon their oaths present that ........................................................................................................ and day to the first day of Janu~ry, on the ...... rs.t. ............day of. .... F.~J;>.rn~t~' ....................... , in the year 190.~.. . lewdly from . and that lasciviously associate nd cohabit cl1cl.......................................................................................................................................... Collier, marred the to said each Alexander othor all !!orris the time against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth and Jennie with Collier 1909, the said County, one not Jennie . being aforesaid of Virginia. ,,._.J Upon the evidence of ...c.~?.•..J;,a.T:r-!~!11.~? ..~!'~?~~ ...~.'.:,~ .............................................. .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. . .. . . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. . . . .witness ... sworn in open Court and sent to the Grand Jury to give evidence. ~ 7~ ..................................................................... ~,&~~ Clerk. �( . ~ " ~ ! )> -I ::0 C fTI I (D r r ~ ~ ;:, ~ ~It () 0 <::'! :" ::s ,,-'--., !f ~ -20~ ~ 3 3 0 t (') --:1 3: ~ (D - ~ ,-+,- :r -~ ~ , )- ' , � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Alexander Morris Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with misdemeanor cohabitation. Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Cohabitation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_005_147 Collier Morris https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_087-commonwealth-v-algernon-fisher.pdf 6eb0eb5f1e675238f9313c3c22253536 PDF Text Text ~~j)_ ~ J;L_ ~. -;r;;nv,,.,,=~ j(/j~. =~~ aA... ' 3f2~~ ~ iJ✓ ~ ",.... ~' ~ r J::L--rA-1A__'2.-,~11T'.nf4'" ~ (U_ . �1 ���T e co".lrt of' th,~ ls:i111 is tr.e b'trd8n bitt r of l)roving to '.v1.rrqnt 03. SOD! l ') l•j innoc,mt 3. r:_o,1bt • inst rue ts until the 1 e is th!-) ;:,.1ilt, conviction his th 3. t jurt ot' JV•J-.:.."y ~)_oven guil+,y; \11°~qc:mse6 nnst .r:;uil t Circ 1 1.ms+.1.ncHs of b8 r.nn ii-1 IE'OV8n 1 3 case is Conc~.on7';'::-J_l+.h, beyond .1.re not cient. Tucker •Wt~ and no+, only on tr-. r P-1'1~c:uRpi,;ion th~ 88 Va. 2.8. q c::;1lf:f:'i- ��The me-:1.nt th·1 t con<sir';_,;1•3. in t11,3. r:t1. tP- of' t,hP, jnry thP- C3.8e uhich +,r1A't th~3Y o:1i1:1ot to a mor:'il c,.,,rt linty Anclre·.'rs Websters 1:.)-1,_t by q:xv of the re1_qon1ble r' o·_ibt is ~n ti;-~P. ,Jora1Y1.r ison 3.:f.'tdr the +,ion of ·.3.ll of' th<-~ evirlenc,~, t conrU t.ion .Jonvic-:-ior, irn, tr wt~ 0011rt and hnvr~ s th•-3 rr~inri_of· -th0 j'J_-rors t:rn t t,h0y lQXNN f'➔ ,-,;l an tr,l t:i o:C Ca Re, 0a se 5 Cush. 320 i~ 1,3 1.0idini; r:;r1::=irr;~. �: r-... /"',. \ ' r-... \ �. , ' r • th8 c·J.~8 is con8irl~r8rt t,oze+. ':.!I'. Tucker 1 Prat~ers R c9.Re 88 V'l. o~~8 85 \a. Anr)..1]::· !",Or':-> c•-1r·e 8 3 '33 1~2 ·,.. 389 �' . �JI I J " iJ. J a/2 . L Ji•, J, {'r . - l r ,.,. l '}y(- I l t__{' ,t I&--(,; ~ t, ~;) I. - • r- .. fl I,_ .... ' - It ., - �• i I • �! • COMMONWEALTHOF VIRGINIA, COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, TO-WIT: IN THE CIRCUIT o.f t .._,vom.11onwealth o:f Virginia, The jurors bd11Yof at its the df County March term, on the Fisher 1907, o¼;,,.. ~ in and for and no.attending Rockir.gham, in tht_ year ~ ~....., Algernon COURT OF SAID COUNTY: I ~it! upon their day 6f March, the th~e said Court present that oaths in the year 1907, in /I the said County, did unla'.•:fully, :r.ialiciau.sly and feloniously cut I one B .. J. the said Powell B. J Q with Powell weal tl1 of Virginia Upon the intent evidence o of against in open Jury to give the evidence __________________ pea.ce and sent to ---the disable and dignity -------witness court disf'igur•· - -------------sworn to rr.ain, Grand 0 ....._Clerk• • and ltill of the l1im Cio·rr.:-.on- �.. • \, -'"':'? ,,,.•·. , . . - -/ , ' ~ N "J , % F ( I r �• r-- r COMMONWEALTHOF VIRGINIA, COUNTY OF ROCkINGHAM, TO-WIT: IN THE, CIRCUIT The jurors terr:., in ~ !}~ Fisher ,A county did ., the year .;1r-<4 ~ '.t on the / :L.- the Ban1<:.note found steal, I from the .alee, com_-:-Dn-iVeal th of UPon the evidence and now attending ui~n their 1907, in and for the oaths said day for person Virginia <1 · ( Ma. ch, in the year , 1907, said of him the a":l'ti.Y gl:l.inst said 0 then Pm1el_ BG J. +he peace Powell witness ---- to the Grand Jury to give evidence. ------------- , Clerk 1 value and there feloniously and dignity 0 and sent in 't-1-,. ayrr.ent of $20 00 and of the of ----------- sworn in open Court Court at its tlla t Algernon .Present .... . and pr'ot,~rty of B. J. and. ,~arry .. ------------- ti1e Body .. did one Banl<:.note of $20.00 being com:::.onwealth of Virginia, coun~y of Rockingham, of the March of the COUR!I' OF S_AID COUNTY: of' the �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1907 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Algernon Fisher Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony attempted murder. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Attempted Murder Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_004_087 Fisher Powell https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_008_254-commonwealth-v-amanda-herring.pdf 10c09a38693e12aa9a8309c3d2467cd2 PDF Text Text In the Name of U,c Conunonwe,Jlth of Virginia: ·rc1 t.he !'thttrift of Nod1lna.b•II.• Coonr)', C:tHtica3: t·"" ~,./t ,...t, I t'01ft I??-')~ ~,--/. ,, /'P.4--=. t., ,111p ,,. m u,,,~I II, L n It "?'-<.c___.._ .... J"J~/fb.±:&, II,,...;,,,/~,+ f'l'f,)r. "" "''" 'J/'//,; t'ih·Nit JlmHllur,w/, ,,, /01J'rf111f.., ,, n,,.11111./u mulllonfltiJJ lli-ii,j o· _j ,H·, Ir'. HLU•h""frfrll.\, J. ,,,.,,,-.,1·;~./2 I l',mrJ I/ Ct,,,•f.,- 11( futr "f //1,. (l11tltmt1. ,J, ,,.? /• u •11. al th, a,,,,,✓,_ ,;.,u11i",,1,rf. ,,t 1/11' lmfrl (:0.,rt 19 ~-'-f fl,.,,~,., Jf,,. . 1:JA ,.,,,,,r,,,,,,,.,,9-n,_,,1r11fl/,,.t•,,mm1m,1•,-,.11/, J-.., f. ~..,er...._._. .. ' <"l,rJ... ��• In chc Name of tbe Commonwcnl1h of Virginia~~ To the Sb.-rift of ~inl(tdbl 1, .,,,, .. •r 11,f1n- th 1/,11, ,,. ,f,ul~r, of /hr 1Jt,.,-,..i/. ut /fl 11't<J,,,.')..11, nu/ //,t ln,llt 1,1 Ioli/II 11·/,fJ '1 ·IIHI,; 1·11,, t- J, ,/ ti, I I C-.h 1~1,y o{ Qf lf1tt (.(,t1unut111'rd/tlr n,,, 11/,1, nt t/11• (',mrt ,.,.,.,.'7.....,..-~A /.'J _....t' 11t,nn-•f ~ 7i:t,-fl ,u.,,...~lnf frtr,;l'!J11111r./r111t11 ,,,,,. u,,,t, r the /it'rinl.t11 ~I J..'u,o. ~/11,t ,,,,,.,, ,,.,.,., H'r I • ir-,,,._~ ,!,it, ,,, ·1 oCL. C'tJ"rt nf J.°fJl'l•fof/uw, IJ'l t/11>. .-A...c..--~h,11( 1N1i om,t . l~d 11,,~ •Md//w,-,.11,,,. ,t. m., lu 1>1,r1 u1 f,,.J,1,ff :::.-a_. <L-t:t.~ ; Cfrru.ll Cou111y, Cnot'lln,t. •, 1:1-.11•1.;11nn_\', rll"rl.. j,' Y) J ,C. !'"'h J.'J.L. (!,--~•,r •lid""'"''· 5'1•11d ilt. ,, ..._,~ !.. ,11,.I-, rth nl 111 ('.,11rt JI,,,,. r,r✓n• .,, 11,e ('r•w fl•h~ -" ~..a-e.,.,<.M--C-c.,L.- ,.1, I/,, w·1•1J1/h • ('fr,J. �{' __ ► 7 �In tht Nime of the Comnionwenltb or ViTglni:i To th* '!tlwnU of :~.-,,,,,,fl.__, u-•'•l;Uflleo....tT. Cff"t11At: tJ., t"M,rt ,;-77«-v-~A,, rn ~.1/" I',· "' / """) 1r1t,, .\t ,,,,,,. ,,. rl, ti, ,;- 1t,.-,, ,/ 0, .J ,(1, 'I rJ ,I irtlh ,. 1-- --' 0111I11/nr I/ii& er,. ~ "~ ,,,.,( lu+tfrJr,I ji.,r ,, J'•lrir,,11 /U""-"'l~1u,rrrn,II' AJ«,U i.ol flfl'Hl ,rJUl<r rft" M 1, 1ltr ff ,t lfl<fi .• -In.ff (,.,,.,. ..,_..__-.y -sc.-d-¢ ._ e:.-??-'~_,;r.--,,. (l,,n 1Jj-lt_ /' JJJ. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Amanda Herring Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony promoting child prostitution. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Promoting Child Prostitution Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_008_254 Herring Shifflett https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_009_279-commonwealth-v-andy-rodeffer.pdf 0c33bafc1d5eff75a6e8ac5a8fc3ef9d PDF Text Text •• c· !r~tll • Tnt e j1.1rore ror ti 1 8&1d. Coa..rt . ·•' ~ Bald Co ,:0..1.nt"' o ~ snd lnnl 1, ttl_1, I hri,;-,;:-Lllj-,t:, di • it,r Cr£ , W'it eesee Jr_ '" o. ~-. 1 •]~ ",c • w th vei eY d1n.Oe. 1 ~r • t:.rri':l e, Ltt1r1 :r~•not: of 8 8 . I Qtl • ot 1 lf1Ull., in l~e e1t id ocw i.,;, dld the COt:1ilOIWOast .,.- r 6%'.d now s.-tcd.- on or -ebou 1 a.ml er -'ro::rlea oi oor.1oct.Lon in ~!lcl 1lrlinl&, i\(l~k~gham, :e c:t i-er tor _:. t1: the Co-'LO -.,-ealth o ;Ju,i. A!l !' Rode:t1~r >;,l • '1 ot the ad;,- ot oec rt o ~f<dUJf"! Z.hiftlott, and e:r1 l!r•IJ!la. r �• ,•. 0 0 I 'l 0 ~ "' •"' ..... ~ . '.. ' ~ '1 I ' • ~ .,. 0 ., •• .., • ~ > ,~ .." ~ 0 ~ ,.!R ., • ... '· ,.:,, 0 11 '4 i .., :.t ""'. ... .., -... > .. .. -.. t!. ; .. .. 0 .... , ... " " '1 �~~·""11-' d~ • - �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Andy Rodeffer Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony seduction. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Seduction Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_009_279 Rodeffer Shifflett