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                    <text>�Executed,

March 18,

Samuel Flick,
the Circuit

1908,

and bringing

Court

by arresting
his

body before

of Rockingham

within-named

the

Judge

of

County.

- -/,-a,Ar~
0 (/

the

E. J.

- - - - - Deputy
Carickhoff,

S.R.c.

for

~

l

~

.J ·~

--------------

�Cotnmonwealth of Virginia,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit:
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAID COUNTY:
The jurors of the Commonwealth
and now attending

of Virginia,

the said Court at its ....

in and for the boc'ly of the County of Rockingham,

r.tk.~ .....................
...
190.r.
term, in the year

against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth

of Virginia.

· ;r;_the
evid1:,i:~··h°c-L.4v.
..J~~~··:··········

....................
../4..
.....................................................
witness ... sworn

111 open

Court and sent to the

Grand Jury to give evidence.
. ....................................................................

Clerk.

�~!.

Commonwealth
vs.

INDICTMENT~

{

'

o~

-.

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A

'-'

TRUE

-

BILL.

'-.

13,/2, t1r£&lt;Jcft(l

I

,

······•-N---l------------------·--···-···-··-··········-··-···-··-----···--------········-·

I

Foreman.

Ii"~

rµeL.- ~ , ~ ~ t£__·~

ff57J~

~
~ Q~/7

{lJ ~

er-- - ~

C'

jc)

'-'"" 1...._~

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                    <text>..ifn .....
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.

��J. J1. (k
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(,

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��STATE OF VIRGINIA,
To Any Policema

of the

w.

Whereas
complaint

of the

ober,

1909,

sBid

not

B. Frank

Garber,

larceny

B. Frank

steal
These

dollars,

Green

justice

to answer

the

Samuel

dwelling

with

Green,

a

house

intent

eleven

and chattlee

in said

day of Oct-

commonly called

the

enter

15th

a Jus-

of

to commit
chickens

of the

out house,

of

said

feloniously

av.ay:

therefore,

of the

did

being

in the name of the

to command you forthwith

some other

with

of the goods

and there

and carry
are,

said

on the

out house,

time,

day made

0. B. Cooley,

me,

Green,

a certain

the

County he.a this

before

Samuel

night

and that

then

said

to or occupied

in the

Garber,

take,

that

adjoining

of eight

of the

on oath

County,

therein,

the value

ing

L. Dille.rd

in ea.id County,

hen-house,

ginia,

Town of Harrinonburg:

and information

tice

did

ROCKINGHAM
COlJNTY, To-wit:

said

to apprehend
County

se,id complaint

Commnnwealth

and bring

the body of the

and be further

dealt

before
said

of Virme or

Samuel

with

accord-

to law.
Given under

....

H-11tv-~lMA&amp;LL~~-~~

cy hand

and

seal

tlJis

day of October,

P.0th

ti
~Pt

J.

/(~

J

•

•

HlC9.

�Executed

this

21st

d~y

of October,

named Samuel Green and bringing

1909,

him before

by arresting

o.

Policeman

~i
,t

the within-

B. Cooley,

of' the

J.P.

Town of' H'b'g.

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.

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If

you fird

the prisoner

not guilty,

the prisoner

euilty

you will

say so

ar..d no r"Ore.
I

you find

the out-house
night
with

tin,e,

of E. F. Garber,
or entering

intent

punishncnt,

not

less

one year
not

charg,ed
you vlill

exceeding

in the day tirr.e or
tin.e with

you will

than

twelve

ut breaking,

say eo and ascertain

be confir..ement

nor ~ore

and entering

in the penitentiary

ten years,

-onths

or confire-

and fined

not

ex-

f:5OO.OO

If you find
entering,

in the night

which shall

than

ment in jail
ceeding

~ither

to commit larceny

his

of creaking

the prisoner

or entering
in the

not guilty

in the night

indictnient,

be confinecent

in jail

six

months or a fine

than

one hundred,"or

his

not lees
of not

~

both.

without

but guilty

say so a:1d a• certain•

less

of breaking

of simple

punishment

than
than

br~aking,

and
as

larceny

- which shall

15 days nor more than
five

dollars

nor ~ore

�r

•

�,,

,

�,

•

�State of Virginia, R.ockinghttm County, to=wit:
r

•

In the County Court of the said County:
The Jurors of the Commonwealth

at.,·Ui.ll-~~

attendin£
on the

the said Court, UPON THEIR

~

;.t

J-

/

~

of Virginia, in and for the body o the County of Rocking~n,

t....~~'f

£~

\

~

in the year

'

that

1'197,
in the said county,

~~

in the night time of that day, feloniously did break and enter, with intent

~. cJtn,,~
and carry away.

f!''J

i

~

And
~

a certain outhouse, called a
not adjoining

/:J.c:7(\..,------':.-~

of the said

and now

~~

-

{3, c7'
IV~

the property of one

to or occupied with the dwelling-house

1

OATH PRESENT

"

-day of

0

there situated

the goods and chattles

of the said

1d'/:~ 1-71'2&lt;-

in the said on thouse then and there being, felonious! y to steal, take

d_J_,W--0

di)ftO-&lt;--Q

of the goods and chattles of the said_/3__ •-~--~------~=------------------------"'---in the said outhouse, then and there being found, then and there feloniously
against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth
aforesaid,

present, that
fv
A') ~ ,:
/Jr
on the / ~ ,,,_ day of __ ~
_____________
called a

do further

~ ~

of Virginia.

did steal, take and carry away,

And the Jurors aforesaid,

upon their oath

~

/J~
, in the

, the property of one

.

year8f9i,
in the said County,

~ ~~ ~

not adjoining to or occupied with the dwelling-house of the said __

a certain outhouse,

/.3
_ __,,'--CJt--=-------'--~----=----=-----~-"----'--'--------

there situated, in the day time of that clay feloniously did break and enter, with intent

the goods and chattels

::~::::i:an~,~';'
~~u:;::id
oto£='tin~us_ly
;:;;,._
of the goods and chattels of the said_/3 ___

d,,
__~------~~~-~~~~------in

the said outhouse, then

and there being found, then and there felonious]:-,· did steal, take and carry away, against the peace and dignity
of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
And the Jurors aforesaid, upon their oath aforesaid, do further present, that
~
~
&lt;IJ,J~~
~
, on the / J ~ clay of ~ , in the year lf&lt;Pf,

a

J

-

in the said Connty, a certain outhouse, called a

~

~ ~

, the property

of one

tj

·if~

, not adjoining to or occupied with the dwelling house of the said
_, there situated, in the night time of that day feloniously did

enter, without breaking the same, with intent the goods and chattels
_

1-¥-

of the said

ts-if'~~

_in the said outhouse then and there being, feloniously to steal, take and carry away.

~

~_if

..

And

&lt;U--U,~

,

then and there being found, then and there feloniously did steal, take and carry away, against

the peace and

dignity of .the Commonwealth of Virginia.
/LI
/ /)
JI
~,
9
This i1~dictment is found on the testimony of.//'f..J..vJ _!Jr1,1&gt;v1----LA.-:-77t'Jc.~-~4=f'l.l.£l-~L/.,,.

~. 24~/._o!.p
ft:)/-.~
/

witness
/

,O_

sworn in,Court and sent before the Grand Jury to give evidence.

r /

�t

•

1

~

--

_.__

..

..

--------~--~~--------------J

_------..._._._.

~ ~- - ~iitc~i
__

___,..._..

�</text>
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&#13;
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~

1

ARREST

WARRANT.

HARRISOt-. URG, VA.

........................
, a Constable of said County:
. ·····-··········
...........
of the said county, has this day made
I

.................................. .a Justice of the said county, that

complai11t and inform~~

Z.l..~

of the said county, on the ..... .
a.t.-.-t,'£.:.

~--iat

These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth

undo&lt;
my

hand and seal this

to command yon forthwith

to apprehend

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to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth,

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of Virginia,

on the examination

touching the said offence.

in t;e

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Commonwealth

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Constable of Rocking-/zam C.ounty.

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                    <text>����CERTIFICATE

VIRGINIA,

COUNTY

OF

OF COMMITMENT

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t l1at ·-11 1ave t h.1s d a}· committee
county,

TRIAL.

ROCKINGHAM---To-w1T:

To the Clerk of the Circ~urt
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FOR

of said County :
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...., a justice of the peace of, said connty, do hereb~· certify

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that he may be tried before t11c circuit court of saicl county, for a felony by him committed,

this, that he, on the

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, 190

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in the saicl county,

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Given under my hand and seal, this

[L. S.]

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�Commonwealth of Virginia,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit:
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAID COUNTY:
The jurors of the Commonwealth

of Virginia,

in and for the booy of the County of Rockingham,

r;{}U:£~
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190;.... ,

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upon their oaths present that.. ..

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against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth

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These are therefore

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and bring before me or some other Justice the body of the said
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                    <text>TOTHESHERIFFOFROCKINGHAM
COUNTY.
T/1efollowing

list

efpersons

qf the County

ef Rorl.:inglla111,residing

)v

remo!cfro111 Lite place w!tere

t!te offence is c!targed to have been co111mitted, and in other resjJt'Ctsqualified to serve as Jurors, is furnislted yo1t{rom
trial

w!tzdt

sl~a/1J;ake tlze Vent'i'emell SltllllltO!led

ef.4~µ-..J~ H-·

for lite

$J.,.,.,.'

1 qf Iii~
da_1

Co1t1'ieft!te Coun(v aforesaid, being lite

Is fVt ~
IS /)_

Ru

~

!l. 17

&amp;A)

Al

'l---

rf'

m~JL·

you to serve as Jurors

c....-U«~
j~

day

Ct

tJO~%
a,•"""'~
~ to/_(J ,?W~

,,,,

U.

Cfizl~Jh

~I'

q/

..

upon Lite

clta1;r
5 ed wit!t felony,

rf C!/

'1Ter111,

Ob.i~

,

set

efl!te CouufJ'

, rfOI

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Forru 84-Berlin.

.

��•
IN THENAMEOFTHECOMMONWEALTH
OFVIRGINIA.
TO

T:F.r:E

S:S:ERIFF

You are !tereby com111a11dedlo su11111101~~
ham, to be talffnfrom
remote from

a listfurllisited

ROC:E--=ING::E3:AJY.r

L,

COUNTY-8:REETING:

persons o_///,e r07171~1'
rf Roc!.·iu_[?·-

bJ' l!te Jmi;t;·c ef the Coun(1 1 Court

q/

Rocldug!tam,

t!te place 7C'!teretlte offense is citarged lo itai•e been committed, aud qualified

respects, to sen,e as jurors,

to attend and appear before lite Couu/._)•Court

lite Cou11f11Court House, 071l!te

-4-r"J,_{

;±If' t ·

/-,,;,If(','..

iL

OF

..t'.uA./4
,

d"/

da__,,o/ tl,c:;

J CJ
tJ I

,·Ind titis t/1e_ys!ta/l i11 1w 7,•isc omit, 1111derl/1c pena/(1'

t.,:J,~L

rll.--,

~~

o/ Roc!ting!tam

I ,&gt;mr

residiug

in all ol/1er
Co1111{1',al
Court~

a., _/,o·orrnpou I heir ;a I of

c/1a1Jrcd a ,if /1f c/01(,,.

q/

£100.

And !tm•e //,en a11d there t!te

names of said j&gt;crso11sand //,is ,,•ril.

m~,~A(

11dur,}.«J
1

Ho11se. /1,e

/l); ,-

day qi

, Clerk of our said

Court, al t!te Court

and ·in f/,e r

J

vear

q/

ol the Con1mom,•eall/1.

Cieri.-.

��IN THENAMEOFTHECOMMONV\l"EALTH
OFVIRGINIA
1

TO

TI-3:E

8::S::ERIPP

O;F

E.oc;::::::INGIIA:JI/.I:

COVNTY---G-REETING-:

~~¾._~-~----J..-~[!J-~

You are hereby commanded to summon ..

····------------------------················-·--··---------········-------------·············
...·----·················-···-···----···----····························································-···········lo

appear before the Judge of the County Court of Rockm,r;liam County, at tlze Court-Ilouse,

...
~

3~

... eflil&lt; ..

.....
c...

~

7&lt;:uzrf••···················

, to testify and the truth to say on belw{f o.f . ................. _ ...

.................

_ .. _____
...........................

l·onn

55--Ikrliu~

�•
/r;L

�•

and bring before

j

or::•

other Ttice

...}[A('J\..£,!1
............
1/'. ·········o/.i
to answer the said complaint-(and

of the said County,

the body of the said ...........................................................
.

...........................................................
.
'-'/1,~4~ U7 ....l&amp;,.;µ_
....
.t~47..,,,L,1,&lt;j.0c//

to be farther dealt with according

to law.

And you are required to summon

~.L(,·.fi.-dn=Zf ({4
k ...
...~ ..zr£( ....c..~ rt..el,,
.k '&gt;/"ek .......
/17A-tt........
···························································-··········
to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth,
rnvcn

on the examination

touching

J ..~__day or•4&lt;c.1fc~~7····-

undec my hand and seal this ........

REGISTER PRINT HARRISONBURG VA

.............
//~....
~:.!
.., ~t.~d

..!

the said offence.
in the ym

. ..r .........
J. P.

H)o/_

[sEAL.J

.

�•
J p,

/ulJ

Cl

/ C7J

~ti

a

- ?.-~
q ';,.

&lt;I

Uom1nonwealth

.5 l__o

-b

Io

~ Arrest Warrant.

vs.

')..5 0
I q
--

2,..

4 7

i..

Executed
by arresting

the within
and

warrant

delivering

the;

1/, ,

I)

Z.____

before ___ i______
.,________
:____
,______
c]L __
,_,
__________
,__
_
a Justice

of' Rockingham

a,nd by summoning
nnmed

witnesses

in

the

County
within

person,

this

_______________
clay ol----),J---·---·-··•·········----------·190.
____
_

··--

J.

-····--

'-················--·------········-·---------------------------------

Constable of Rocleinglzam County.

�•
Hurst'• Standard
l•'orms .• ~nnotated.

tN
f o. 35.
[Code,

J Hurst &amp; Company,
I Pulaski City, Va.

Indictment.
§§3989, 3999, 4000, 40II, 4045; Hurst's

Guide

&amp; Manual,

pp. 537 (:;), 540--5, 546, 617-18.]

The furors of tlze Commonwealthof P'irginia, in a!ld for tlze body of the Cou77tyof

,;a~L

..,a11d

1101/' attenrling

::·:
.::~~""'7 .....
......

term, in tlte gear Jf

Ike sairl Co11rtat its

(7/ ..., upontheir oaths present that

...

r1gainsttlzepeace a;zddigllity of tlze Ccmmoizttealt!zof T'irginia.
---

-

-

-

\,.

ujJon tlze eridenceof.

.

.......dJitzz.ess. swom z1zopen
('ourt a77dsent to tlze Oralld Jury to give ezJideace.

-

�r--~-------~------·

.

' 't ~ .·~.··
I ,

.t~
.

~

�</text>
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Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
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•

...
.

CERTIFICATE

VIRGINIA,

COUNTY

OF

Court of said County :

,L.,r;--1
J'~

that I have this day committed

FOR TRIAL

ROCKINGHAM---To-w1T:

To the Clerk of the 27cuit
I, .

OF COMMITMENT

...., a justice

of the ~cace of said county, do hereby certify

~~ . ~

Given under my hand and seal, this

~ayof

.. ~.-

.. &amp;~

to tl,e jail of said

·, 190

I

[L. S."]

�.

..

' .
.

�' .
STATE

OF

VIRGINIA,

COUNTY

OF
To

Whereas ....
complaint

ROCKINGHAM,

THE

SHERIFF

OR

~~ .....~ ..~ .....

and information

on oath before me, WM. J. POINTS,

TO-WIT:

ANY

CONSTABLE

.

OF

THE

SAID

COUNTY:

......of the said county, has this clay made

a Justice

of the Peace of the said count:,·, that

········••~·······~

f. ~..

of the said county, on the

day of

~

, 190 ~ in said county, did

~~ ~,,
·-~·~~~.~-,~ ✓J-#,v~~ ..¥······~···~d.~~-'--:?-·~·~
.r-~ ~,•«-~
..
{d..~
......
~....
~~.
. .........
~~':::-:'~~········•~-

These are therefore

-~.-~

in the name of the Commonwealth

of Virginia.

to command

you forth,,·ith

to apprehend

and bring before me or some other Justice the body of the said
to answer the said complaint

and to be further

Given under my hand and seal this

dealt with according

to lmL

~

/'7~a:,·of

~f,f~
Summonthefollowingwitnesses:

~

a--,J.P .. [seA&lt;]

,-~~✓

J&lt;:,.'--"""""__..__,,.

...~f~~~- ~·~···

190

�' .

...

Judgment

on the.

Defendant

;~

,~

~ c~

1
...
..

. , 190 ~ .

clay of

found~·uilty

~

CJ._

~~

upon the testimony

on oath of

�r

•

Commonwealth of Virginia,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit:
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAi D COUNTY :
The jurors of the Commonwealth

of

1·rginia, in and for the borly of the County of Rockingham,

J~·7·············
..
2

and now .attending.the said Con,t at its

tenn, in the yea, 190./

n pon thw oaths prnsent that ... ·.:::........................

~

a ·ainst the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth

Upon the evidence of ....
...

.................................................

.

of Virginia.

~ ...~...... Ci
...
~.✓-(,,····~····~

~ .... ~ .. ~it~en

Court and sent to the

Grand Jury to give evidence.
. ....................................................................

Clerk.

�Commonwealth
vs.

{

INDICTMENT.
~ &lt;o/7 S' ~

$evvnw
···-•··'!\!,~~j&gt;~···'·•·····
A

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,

.

;'

ll .~l-.

s

1½

TRUE

7,

BILL.

..............
.
Foreman.

~

�f

•

BOARD

OF

VIRGINIA

'1.1 RUSTEES.

MANUAL

JUDGE

L. L. LRWIS,
R, D. CARD'WELL,

JOSEPH

THE

NEGRO

REFORM

BRYAN,
L, WILLIAMS,

HON.

C. U. GRAVETT,
JOSEPH
E. HAW,

HON.

ROSEWELL

BOARD
WM.

JOHN

H.

JOHN

SMYTH,

JOHN

L.

J.

WESLEY

BROAD

REV.

WILLIAMS,

IllCIIMQ;,,,--n,

REV.

R.R.

VA,

JOHNSON.

H

r1

.l

,onburg,

NECK

that

FARM.

Steohen

ii'ic

Ga.ir.e~ rithin
te o

heal

the

or the

VA ..

HANOVER.

thi5

.'

1~

tiwe but

ndxt thirty

days.

4

909

I beg to ad-

will

take

Yours' respectfully

Acing

the boy

Kin ly 3-)nd ccr-

d vaccination.

t.J~

J.

VASSAR,

WESLEY

JOHNSON,

Supt.

MOTEN,
DR.

V•• ,

vre Hr~ crowded a.

$1\IYTH,

CIIAS.

Dear Sir:

vise

H.

REV.

t'v,

In re~ly to your~

M. UUNTINGTON,

II. B. FRTSSELL,

REV.

n. Conn.rd,
.ommonwee.ltl:' ••.

P. SHELTON,

S. 11. SHACKLEFORD,

February
Cc~

TRUS'L'EES

REV.DR,D.N.
'L'Il.EAS'CRER,

PAGE,

Hon.

DR.

VIRGINIA

:t&gt;RES.lDEN'X',

E. WILLARD,

OF

ARCHER

ASSOCIATION

W. D. CARDWELL,
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&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
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  <item itemId="6459" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
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        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_007_204-commonwealth-v-tl-harrison.pdf</src>
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                <description/>
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                  <elementText elementTextId="75621">
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or aollle oth~r

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appear before

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to try the ear.,e,

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Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
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                <text>Defendant charged with felony abortion.</text>
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        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_005_115-commonwealth-v-ts-finkle.pdf</src>
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before nie, or so1ne other Justice of the said Cou,ntv to ans1Ber the said complaint, anc&amp; to be further dealt with
acco.rdin!f to law.
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                  </elementText>
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co1a.ro~u.r;i or Tm;,r.I.\,
OF F.OCltI!lC!UI.!, to-w1 t:

C~TY

In the Circuit

Court er sald County:

The Ju.ror.s or
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upon t.he:!:- oa-;ha

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of" Rar:rironbu.rg,

on Nor1.h !:aeon

between Woli' and Roek, did run 1r.to, over and collide

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ttc

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any like

inatruota

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then tle

or sr.ut

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aaaased.

any intention

searoh,

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the upataire

tells

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oat of
or impede
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from tho evldcnoe

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obstructing

no o:rilc.e aaa1n11t tho lawa of ,irgl.n1a,

or

a!ld

tte:; must filld the accused not guilty.

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CPrt11:, tn...at on tne petition
of Thoes.s •"-?"8nt.ll c. nl t
nnd supersedoe.s
bee been swardod by by tho Supreme Co.rt
of Appeals of Vir~ioia
to e. ~u~mont of the C!ro~it
Court of
3:oc.t1nghar. County _p,ronou.nced on the f~r-cL, d1.) of ~}.
1se4 in
the o&amp;uso ioeo therein i,en~lna of Ooo:oom:eelth of V1rE1n1a Va.
Thom~o Uerehall,
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of error

Clcrx..

Clerk

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court

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Tho above wr~ t of aup~'r8edotte is
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�In the Name of the Commonweahh of Vlrgini•:
1'o 1he Sbt'rift of Ra,d,d.l)jfb•m Cauruy,
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Co1n11101nvealth
of Virginia-City, County of, ( ~ R,,___
to-,vit:

Cb) ,\ «bl), ~11 t:1.Jl,worm.. babe. fermenten

an1t other :t.fll"HUC'tsronnet.tNI with such 5lJ11and used, imd

11.uu1h
irnd otbr 11ul:1P-.taneos:,
ct'lpnble of hein,r 11.Eed.jn lhe manufacture

fl. -

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iu lhe posse$'1irm c,r, and unlo.wfolty used hy one
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(c) Ardent Spfrif.5 nre beina- µnl&amp;wfully ke.pl. hcht. stored.
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conce.,led,u.sc(I.,iold, and unlawfully

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Ar.d 11,"ro bo..ing rcruionablc cauu; fqr a:neb bcll~f:

TIIF.SE ARE. Tfll:RIWOR£, IN TR£ ~Allt:

0 P TIit; CO!llllONWl:ALTll OF VIRGIKL\.

1o

wm

ruaml yuu, witJ• :J.11
ht•c&lt;.'SS.ary
:mtl propc·r spcc1I rrnd assislnnct', to aeart.b lbo J1r&gt;\1M",
plactt, hagga.ge, bonl or

vl'l11cl,1
l1rrelu de::signa.lod.l;'!itht'rin d~y or nigh I, nnd .se1ZC&amp;uch ti.rdcnt. &amp;J•lrlls aud Lhoil' conta.ineni nn,I
&lt;•lt1el'tbings app.arcnUy ~ c,r t.sed in ,~atinn
of lnw. Md bring lh,• amo ar.d tho r,crson or 1ier-,
t!Ons, in v.·lxFe ~ -i,n the,:, an found. a.nd afflO a 1'17~,n
rr-sistina. ur1pod1"6. obtt.ructin;;. or in a.01
ma.nu.,.- hir,dering or deht,rinw ,-ou in the exl'cutkm or this w1rrant..bc!ora

me.or sowCI&lt;.,U1&lt;'romcer ha\'lnir

juTh·dlction of Lh&lt;·tL'i", 1o be d.i:J1Jll$cd
of anJ dt31L with n«c.1l·dingto 1:Lw; nnd n.1ake retu111 or this w:m-uut
s..bowi11,;all acbs l)Jlrl things don~ lh"reunde.r. wilh tL particular !ibl!e.men.tam.l auflicieot 1le&amp;erlptioo o..rthe
tlu.np .-u:ed and &amp;henau.e. ot U.e IJll'Stmin ~·t.t•

aion or &amp;u} one..&amp;0 J.tllt.e in your .&amp;:'Ot.u,rn,
and l)Cdt.
qmn.\d by Jaw.
t,;iH!u under my hand and sc.il

po~ion
loond, if ans. •nd if not found in \be J~
n ~c-ueco1&gt;Y
u! this warnu,i and the rct.urn t.lien:of. a11'""...

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1Utd to tl'll .. ,n tJ! 1be t.aild lhin.-~ be.r~ll llflred. thu
w11rr11,Qt, tho taid claim 1u,d the thittj'&amp; j,eW.-o
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r tle CUy, tl.ie hrU re~r-1,-J I" the Pr,•! •~,jtJoz.
Co::nm.i.1s1or.tott1r,1,t (;01urnoowv11.ltb'• Ath•rnt')' antl
Af1l.l!llt Sriyo ~d t;i)tltafac:,-. lll•.1~-~$d or 11., prq..
ln f.¢n-..,,"
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l'lrOtl~r fl't"h 1 6tH be. 6 ,ull"I&lt; r-1\t, f'111)()rt.)

t

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OT m11tll ,,r cit,!1·1J:"
tUbit:u:.ce t'l.;&gt;able c,f lt,-ltiC t,,~.

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'JO SEAH&lt;.:l-1FOR ARDE:-.1

J,•nd tbJS, • •• ·

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XOTP Unll;N wa.rr1111t J11ued for Ar,drnt Spirit.
beu:ta tramr,-,111."d in vehk1•, boat tH b.1.SM•I•· ll JJ :o
be nl\lrn♦.I ,:-: the ksritdh fl,-,o lrom wblC1h t:uuc-f Jf
u,uc.:I r, An!er:t Soirla
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an; ;,u11nt ln 11nr cuunl:, o:- dty tl,ruurh whk~
tLer ""ere 1'"9.rricd.

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of VirJ?ioi":
1"o the SbfflD ot N.oclri-..tuun Co"ac,,. o,-~•ililc!

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State

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accused.

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Circuic Court oi Ro~ki11glr:11n
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V•RGHHA:-

ln the ~upreme Cour~ of APPoale,
of wyt.he County
23rd

day

or Thomas

ia awarded him to•

of Roakl114ham County

therein

and sentenoed
1n Jail;

on I.he 23rd

of the

lease

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if

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for a violation

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, h•

of •une,1924.

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sedeas

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held at tbe CoUI't House

out on bail.

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against

and serve

court

u, a J)rosecutlon
f~omae Varshall

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if

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&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
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                    <text>CERTIFICATE

VIRGINIA,

COUNTY

OF

OF COMMITMENT

FOR

TRIAL

ROCl~INGHAM---To-w1T:

To the Clerk of the Circuit Court of said County :

W7 ,f_~

I, ..

Given under my hand and seal, this

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of
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COMMITMENT

TO

ANSWER

INDICTMENT.

VIR:~Nl);.~~CKING~AM---To-~,T

---

"' saf&lt;I C&lt;&gt;&lt;&gt;m, ""'' '" ""

Keeper of the Jail thereof.
These me, in the name uf the Commonwealth
forthwith

to co1we&gt;· and deli,·cr

~

.

.I

fore me ... ~.

into the eustocl&gt; of the keeper

,

&gt;·ou, the smd.

of said Jail. together

E~.

of"(/.~t~ ..b,5'~

in this. that/he,thc

said~/~.

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with this warrant,

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tl1e boc~f

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and yon, th&lt;.: keeeper

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of the said jail, are hereby

required

to receive the said

er~!if:~~~;;~.c:.it-41:;&amp;...C."............
into your iail and custody,

tried for the sai&lt;l offence before the~

andfhlrn there safe!&gt;· keep. unti!J1 "ihall

by due course of Im,·.

..

Gi,·en under m,· hand and seal, this .. /;

a justice of

.................... with
a felon&gt;·
~~~ .. on the

.... 190.~i11sa1rlconnt&gt;·,~

......

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J~

to ec,mmand

~·~~~~

the peace of sairl count&gt;·· on oath
by/r,t;n committerl.

of \·irginia,

~.. clay of._#..,Ze«c...,

_,

that~1~may

be

be discharged

'J· ...190.1- .

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LQFFICE

OF-"

'"rALFOURD

E. W. CARl?EN'I'El~.

Treasurer RockinghamCounty.
JOHN

B. PEAI,E,

Deputy

'l'l'e.rsurer.

N.

HAAS,

D. H. LEE MARTZ

Jos. s.

ll1ESSERLJW,

F,. J. CARICKHOFF,

1

Judge.
Clerk.

Deputy Clerk.
Sheriff.

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State of Virginia, County of Rockingham, To-wit:
TO

THE

SHERIFF

OR

ANY

~~~
complaint

and informati(ln

on oath btfon.:

me,

~-~
,o

of the :;aid county,

on the

WM.

clay of

CONSTABLE

OF

THE

SAID

of the saicl county,

_I. POlKTS,

;1

Ju~:icc of the 1'&lt;:'ace c,f

~

, 190

lrns thi~ clay rnaclc
1]1c

-aid couty, that

S,-.in ~aid

~~~~~£u

These are therefore

in the name of the Comrnon,,·ealth

and bring before me or 'iorne other Justice
to Hl1S\\'er the ~aicl complaint

$

~

Summon

the following

r..P~-

~--·Jr~.

the body of the said

and to be further

G-i,·en under m,· hand and ~cal this

\\'itnesse~:

.... ,· vi

of Virginia,

dealt \\'ith according
clay of

'#

to command
,-..

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~

COUNTY.

you forthwith

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~

county,

did

to apprehend

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and

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by arr sting the above named

bringing·

before

\

Judgment

on the

Defendant

/ /

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day of

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it is ad~~-00.

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the testimony

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State of Virginia, Rockingham County, to=wit:
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In the Cownt, Court of the said County:

The Jurors of the Commonwealth
attending

of Virginia, in and for the body of the County of Rockingham,

the said Court, UPON THEIR

t3 ~

',J-

/\ on the__J_Lday

of

,I)~

~'rrv-~"'t..

OATH PRESENT,

~

in the year

,4/,L - A('~

frl?,in the said county,

~ (},
if

awo(

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a certain outhouse, called a

~ ~"#...

the property of one

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and there being found, then and there feloniously did steal, take and carry away, against the peace and dignity
of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
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OOWON'IIEALTI!
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&#13;
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                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
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        <name>Bradley</name>
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        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_075-commonwealth-v-thomas-l-lam.pdf</src>
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                  <elementText elementTextId="75524">
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�STATE

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COUNTY

OF
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THE

ROCKINGHAM,
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ANY

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of the said county, on the

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��VIRGINIA

PENITENTIARY

RICHMOND,

J.B.

VA.

pril

WOOD
Superln tendent

Clerk

of the

Circuit

22,

1915.

Court,

Harrisonburg,
Va ••

Dear Sir:Convict,
Roe ·ingham
degree
died

#6965,

Circuit

and sentenced
at

the

State

Torr. La •.r., convicted

Cou t December

1906

to 16 years

in this

Farm April

16,

of 1.i:urder, 2d
institution

1915 of pul~r.1'1.a17 tuber-

culosis.
Yours very

. /H

at the

truly,

��Hurst's Standard
Forms, Annotated.

l No 35
f · ·
[Code,

/

J Hurst &amp; Company,
! Pulaski City, Va.

I ndictmerit.
H3989, 3999, 4000, 4ou, 4045; Hurst's

Guide

&amp; Manual,

pp. 537 (:;), 540-5. 546, 617-18.J

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&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
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                <text>1906</text>
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                <text>Commonwealth v. Thomas L. Lam</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Defendant charged with felony murder.</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
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                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="75521">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
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or to any ti""'

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'

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'

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�•
•

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00111011'.VEAL'.l'E
Chal'se

V

Ir you f\nd

you w1U

110..,,

ay

Go

Thomas L. Pi!ei-,

tho aooueed,

Jr.,

not

,;uilty

and !'ix his

tl,e poni tcntinry

:or

as o!,e,rgdd

wi ti. death

punishment

lite,

or for

tn \he 1mioto,ent,

.ent, bu\ tlwl

J.1m ,;Uilty

any term not less

08$ no a1111.fix

fine· 1ont 1n the
or more ~n

:9eni tent1ary

eighteen

eanlt

as cl.argoa

and battery

l 1s ~&amp;-ll!ent

twelve

botl

montlls

such

fine

npe

h1a punishment
for

a tem

thei-e1n,

death,

ot not loso

yearn.

ill ,he i!ldiot-

at! ol:ari;ed
with

f~l'

than

or 'by con-

ttan

tbl'ee

yoars,

years.

l" you do no-t rin1

lelou1cs

of: attllDpted

ti en you

or by couti nffl\ont in

rr you do not ti lid hiJII :uil ;:y or rape aa c!tar,;ed

\hen you will

c.1Uilty,

so ana no Jftore.

1_: .;oi. fl id hi
will

to the Juri,

in

t.im !jU.llty

ot ai tl er of th• atoressld

:t.c lndictcent,

as therein

charged,

by oont'i~e-,en\

or by a tln•

1n Jail

but find

him guilty

ti.on you will
for

a pe:tod

say ao and t1x
no\ eiroatdin,,,

not exceocU w; !'1 ve hundl'ed

and imprioonrnont.

or ae-

dollara,

or

�•
•

C,

!;
.,

....
~

0

••

..
"
,.

~

••
"'

0

..
il

t-1

.."'..,
.."
,;
&lt;&gt;

•
•

&lt;

0

~

�j
'!'ho l!ourt

1nstl'O.ots

tile Jury that

1nte,:oouroo Vl1th a ,,onan a:-a1nst

rape

hor will

1s ~ortna

by roroe.

sexual

�--

-

~----

l

•

•

- _J

�I

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r, ST!!'

l!l.!U"kl

.,,.,

vi,le.net!

t,l"n,

&amp;1.1&lt;:!,t
Ni"'

,r

t t'

U'JM'f1hel" l'Jf't'!'"!1'n, 1!

tt any,

tlie rP~imta.nce,

1 ce,

tb

ere~

_pr:&gt;,l"ci.,tri~

?''!11\t!:-re

l"lt,

...
-

t'h!'

str-.-n'C;th

by th• evi&amp; nc~ i~ t~•

~,..,. t:,· •h~

qnt.

.,.nd ., ll

":!
tr

1'.. c1'!lf:',
1'

1i.•r cl,.,thirur

p-r,:s,. ...tJt-:-11,

s'"tl\ "''n"Ut""'-n!l'° of

whl'Jl.• "Jitu.,,ti'ffi

an i 't't\1t de-tit

trhe•'"t., ... , .. n,t

f\l)Y,

"'1 t"o,imt

th•

+ ~•

•

Til""&gt;~ 1=".Jt'!"iX

te.4 b~•

•'"'.,

'"l0"'~ 1 iao l.,

,.-rt

ca■ e.

•

�i

_J

�'
••

••

Th~

0,')

in"true~:!

l"t

Tb!&gt;mas: t... Pt fer,
Vi:-.;.ini~

J,:,.,

";f'I.P

tr\

t

1"
0

V

"11""

..

-,o:r!ct

a.lt'!:2.n·Ji;;hl!'J,...., "'"'1 ~l'!lleA

b~

-'l.Y

1n w·101~. o:- ffl~J" be co::-r~fo:&gt;Ta.t"'d o:il:,· 1n :ps:--t, 1!\
1

an~

t~e

doubt,
to

:a.a : ., ::'l-~~ e.?1."

cesti,

thq

beli~Te

althou4n

the testt':'n1'ny

t'll•

irlernn-ia.\t,

.,n t·11e PVi'1,.n o ~ ..,f" tn.e pr '&gt;~~cufr"'q '.fi tnta:~~,

al12n~,

'~"'?'.I,

jury

5.

""ir-:·...::•t•r..~•s
~hP ~et!PA

nt

discl.,!!~•
ia euilty

t'-.e ,;.eren&lt;!"mt h.t\1 t,.,tifi•d
o:r t"'-~ prosee~t'l"1X,

in

r,-~
itt

•

euc1

f'TiA,.:t.c.•.

•"".!! -l'!•!l.cf!

!-:1

b~y1nd

a11 ~-~,7"'1~~1•

➔ i•~ot

c,l')ntrl!{.aicti?n

rye•"l •

Vir~inin

un~~~ .. ,bior,"l~@d

�•

•

•

�•
t

;sTR'.ICT[)

The e,u..,..t. in3tru~ta

t, ~e

!r.. ,.:ent.

a.:'ld tr -"he·"'
,i"J.1lt

if

in

,,,..

l\iJB,

at:-on.,

.,:1e gr

ftrV~ tMt

n, !:&gt;

?"

th,

any

t.

, ••

rn,e...~ :W9'P1."'i'&gt;n
t')
l'

e1

••'l.1nn,.,'hl!!-

!l"'I.Y""'""'1'.lnn!'lbl• i11'&gt;u"otll"" t,'i"'

':: ,. ls•,...):,
??'

p•,,bn.b!11ty

c1nv1ct,

!•

t: ""i""

,r

· 1,

n&lt;')r 1, it

•!.,::.

pT)Ve-n

•. ::, .:le

!"ly

·,ca o! !'Vi~"'noe a•Jpp,rta

t ,ri 11 t.be ?Vi 1 noe,

thJII":. -; e-e

up,n

1,

n-,

""""&amp;D?Cab!e

.. I)
IJ:

'""Jilt,

·n.1 t •te

th,r")&lt;:y,

irhicr\ bf!: cA"l b1 in:io~~:.t.

.'t

tb!'
~

t21.1.Dtbe

,1-,· lit,

• -::: , ..... ir,..U.~'lllt?t.'l.C~ nPe,tt-,""-v

"''r•

,"3"p':"•;,2n1

aceu e4

p.,. 'TI.Ur.•"tia

,r

bev"&gt;nii

, ... t:-1,. 1ury

1• n~rt sur~1c:ent

!.er •e:!.

t t·,fll l

t·

p-r-,ve~ gutlty

!.,. U1J'"!!,:, ..fa" -.!0,.

t~1.t e).e:::n,-nto

~, acquit

~,ye·~r:-

i:.·~e jury

'llrJ..!.l h

i&gt;:t :.11" ftr-cu~"''1,

coi!lt!tute

no.

uilt
,. ..":...

�•

•
••

•

�•

A
llle court
grave
dat~

ot'fenoe

inatructa
arid

the

J ur;- that on a charge or rape 11hic:h

the pena.l t;y for which IIIIIJ' be the aevereet,

of uu: Jur,- to acan tne evidence

with

utmoet

care

lo

a

1 t ta the

and caution

�'

•

•

�•
T
l'Jtjl

1tvidtnca

Ooart
~mt

or i :n:ediot•l:,

wtruote

~ury irat

YJ.rg LIil.a J.cyers !Bilsd

folloW'l.ng ,oo alleged

may be 'taken o• evtdeaoe
•

1.bo

Dtmsl'M

JU I

lt

tt.ey oellev•

,o .ru,lce any outer:;

ra-pe upon r.•r.

-i;endin,g to 41.e:"tlrove. ;tit

walli.lbRl,,tf:awtMJ~f153.

tro.ie -.1:e
11t

•n~ •ime

•1'.en tba

~

tact

~-ro"'r..or t.be ot.aT~e. •

�'

•

�•
••
The oourt
•Yidano•
•

\!:at

or iodtrootlf

tne,roote

the jury

the uroeeaotrix

in

the,
tbiE

;o the act at uit•~•=••·

aooneed not g'Q.ilty.

s,

Q

I I

1f the 1 b•lieve

caee consented

from the
dl.reotlf

lhe, 111;1f1n41J::•

IZ-tlllliW.21,,

I a,,-

•

'a •k.

�'

�•
•

,
?lJt court

or tjie lloouso4

in.etru•••
tt

11

W1.
th

hie

guilt

of

conY1ot1oo

innC&gt;O•noe.

to be tn.ferre4. merely

wt-.:h tfti

not onoogh tlu&gt;t

~o n.rrao't

w:t.1h L.1• gull~.

oone1• tont

the Jur7 tl!At to flrr=t

oaoauae

t.blt accused.

✓,-

.., •

a oonY1ot1on

the evlo.eno• ls ooneistent
tlle flY-taonoe ao.e c be 1n-

The gull t ot the aoouaed le not
t A !ac te tn

ws11m•wz1

C!'.e o•••

are oonai triea~

n••••-110.

�•
•

�..•
•

•

•••

.tr.iT ru~1t11t Ito. _

""'

c ..... , l11atJ'\lot1 ""'

Wi-•••

1• • ¢Notion

UIDI, _,....
DU.I',

Wlln"•-•

Jur:,, \hal

""olu•IT•17
\8Dtli)'

_,

It I• ""'

-~

to .rl•~

&amp;a oonl'llol

u Wlll•r all

duty or th" Juron
au~" ~•

to

ff

an4

.,

tm

u..

law I•

oenln•UotlN

Df ,. ....

,,-,., .... 1&lt;1
• .,.,., u Dq11•ll)' ""l""-•

!11~,..

to th• tft•:1••"7

UI" cSNu••ler.o~•

t.h" J,oy;

ror

th• Ju17 l• not 'boun• to ""'CU"

ft'IMU•llft7

th,,

tlM!

..,.S4et10■ ro,. IMe••lYft•

or tM ~J rr.,,...nt

tl"'J' \hfn.lr U1•'11mtttl-.d

wt tn••..,•

19.

�-

•
•&gt;-+=•

•

1

1

•

J

�••

j/
'

•

.t.h.e o.ourt

to be lnnooen,

lna"'C".roe~e t:M

un~ll

ua-i

Jar;

II• le proven

tull\)'

:te

law .,:ree-a.aee i.bt .1tccuaad

OG7ond. 6 reaeor.ablo

dottot,

I

r•

\here le upon the mind., of tn• ,ury an;, roB,oOK~l• 4ouot of ~f~
c:-..-..,..,.,.,..c-,,,,.._,, •---.... ·...._ .,...;..~
.t.. ....cu~,,~
tbe ![Ullt o• tjie accuae.r-. tt~ la• m:an, lt urelr ca,, t6 •~1010 hia,
I'

and lf

and

that

mer• eaaplclon

or probeblllty

is not euti'Lci@rl.t to oonrlct..
wet.:-l:i: ot pre-,onderaoco
1ndtotment.,
eo clearly
ert~eno•.

nor le it

""&amp;

i;here is

gull•.

entt1.01.ent

nowever etrong
1.t

T.tl!

P"reai.~r

of eYt.a.ence eappo-rte tne ota.r~--e 1..c tJ,e

but i.o .-rar?-ant. n1e conviction
tha

o! ble

no reoeona.ble

n»o~ w} tch ce ean b~ ~ll!'loor~i.

his

nll~

n:.net- bl Qrove-d

t.hoor:,, co net e-tent wt.'wn t-hO

Drawn•• Case.

9?,

Va. 792.

�•

•

'

•

.

•

�•
•

!he cow-~ irultructa
eun.,,-

made but from ita

-U:e JIU'J' Ulat
nature

the c.ll&amp;rge oi' rape

1• difficult

hu 1.be right
to give conelderatlon
cluoion in tbie cue.

to these

to dei'end
racta

is one

&amp;nd the

in reaching

J11ry
a con-

�I

,

)

1

•

•
•

�The Court

or carnal

or not the act
wa,: accomplished
Q.

1 lt:saa6M

proaecutrix,
the Ume

aesaul

is

tl.etr

and all

the

l.t)lers.

:~,Jndpot

f':"_1

µ

.

in this oaoe,

of tJ-,e proseoutrix
aa etonu

slld a.epor&gt;mo'}I' of the
✓

(I.A

,..,,

7

n.- ,ne alle,;ed

ot I er complaint

--r -

Iv"

O:.L~ "d: 1 th!11g was torn.,
a,..,L.,

the th"'A

pla&lt;&gt;e,

a1~d the

U:..e restatence

t.l.e relat1'Ve

def'endant,

bo ~.!- tlte proeeout?-1.x.

strengU,

'

ln

the

.J,4.,,1

and endure.nee

and all

oa.ee.

ot
OP"""

11ade by tl:e p-rosec-.J.trt.x,

t:.e wr.ole at i, a tion

and detencle.nt,

by cl,e evidence

.,:

act,

or .Le allegell.

or a.:isenoo ot bruises
or other □ arko
1
u.1 on l:er _pera.o~ w.t..etber or cot ):er W:l_tl\ c1otl:i.Jlg

violence

diaoloaed

whether

oonsidere.tio.n

cy tollo.ii

oireumstanooo

L. tl ..e presence

cu~r1x

will

to to.Jee iflto

duty
(!'/~

V1I-ginia

as involved

and a,;11.111et the

;,.. -11a ea--.

e7tlienee

b~ tile

interooune,

by :rorco

it

I

t;.e Jury ~hat in determning

1nsn-uot&amp;

of tie

;,rose-

a.a 1t co,4ro:ntod..
Ll.e circr&gt;ll:lsta.noes

...
•

�'

□

UZI IJ!

a

..

�The Court

evidence
&lt;A

:ro1~ce, or,
?1!

r, Jr.

private
the
rape

reasonable

beyond -

aexnal.

part

Ll • J=1

instructs

ld;eroourse

doubt

1w:. 71"&lt;' 1 ,a

1:£ they bel1ev•
entered

It

they b lleve

U.e private

:parts

!!:'Ore the

jlhat Tr.oms.fl L. Ptfet•,
!!,&gt;81"

from tlte evideneo

age1l1Jlt tl.e r,ill

ara.J n
tliat

in ~l,e 1n,Uotoent.

Jr.

r /ii• l by

'1homaa L.

ot V1r£1n1s ;t;/ers ~1 tl:. his

of Vlrg1n.1o. Myer~ by fol'Oo,

Jury must fill".. tt e acou.sed,
as cl argod

tl:at

Thoms.a L, Pifer,

Jr.

guilty

ti.en
of

�•'

••

-

-

•

•

�nst~uc~rc, ffC.

is not essential

that tho prosecutrix
of

ot.ae!" •1 tneaee

.cit

th• o.r:rense, wd if the Jur;,- believe

to by otter

~itnea•oe

thn~

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&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
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