<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/browse?tags=Hughes&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-05-19T22:02:57+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>20</perPage>
      <totalResults>8</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="26088" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="16003">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_001_087.pdf</src>
        <authentication>8a7172643805b4750d5b3ccf06605b82</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="293243">
                <text>Commonwealth v. David Hughes (Hughey)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="293244">
                <text>1810</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="293245">
                <text>Assault and Battery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="293246">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and battery. Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="293247">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="293248">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="293249">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="293250">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="293251">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="293252">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="293253">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="293254">
                <text>Ccr002_001_087</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="216">
        <name>Hughes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1515">
        <name>Hughy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="404">
        <name>Snyder</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24386" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14460">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_020_080.pdf</src>
        <authentication>12311af35f00010a33dd486e6a8bd3c4</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271729">
                <text>Commonwealth v. John W. Hughes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271730">
                <text>1896</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271731">
                <text>Assault with intent to kill</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271732">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault with intent to maim, disfigure, disable, and kill.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271733">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271734">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271735">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271736">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271737">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271738">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271739">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271740">
                <text>Ccr002_020_080</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="544">
        <name>Hartman</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="216">
        <name>Hughes</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="8425" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6990">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_002_042-commonwealth-v-henry-hughes-and-anna-sirks.pdf</src>
        <authentication>c869d42194d165f8376f3f9c721d594a</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="93140">
                    <text>f&gt;tate·of Vir.Qinia,
Townof Harrigon6ur.Q,
to-wit:.

·····················································•······························································································································································································

'these nre the7'ej'ore in the nrim,e of the Com,nionwenlth
1vith fo apprehend

rler,lt wi-th accordinf

.........
=,..

...........

to answer

the said complciint

.......

and to be /'tirther

to law.

my harnl and ,ea! tl,isj(,~-~

S1w1mon tlu follou·inJ!
1

to con1.,11u1,11.,el
yoi1, f'orth-

and bring before me 01· some other Ji1,stice the body of' the saicl~

)fu,'/~···~·~···~&lt;.A1(/icen nnd,,

of Y'i1'finia,

~;(:~,1L)

u·itnessPs :···········································································-············································-····································

��•

��</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93130">
                <text>1899</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93131">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Henry Hughes and Anna Sirks</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93132">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="93133">
                <text>Cohabitation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93134">
                <text>Defendant charged with misdemeanor cohabitation.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93135">
                <text>JMU LIbraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93136">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93137">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93138">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93139">
                <text>CCR001_002_042</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="216">
        <name>Hughes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1360">
        <name>Sirks</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6642" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6377">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_003_008-commonwealth-v-edward-hughes.pdf</src>
        <authentication>e8700ebad9000c8704c7252fb6c15566</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="77858">
                    <text>Hurst'sStandard
Forms, Annotated.

lNo
1

f

·

f d"

n

35 .

[Code,

§~3989, 3999, .fOOO, 4ou,

4045; Hurst's

IC

t men t ,

Guide

&amp; Manual,

J Hurst &amp; Company,

l Pulaski

City,

Va

pp. 537 (3), 540-5, 546, 617-18.)

Tlzejurors of tlze Corrunonwealtlz
of P'i1"!]inia,
ill aad for tlze body of tlze County o/

~~
.
.. , and 12ottattending tlze said Court at its
... ~~ .. . term,;,, the year if nl ...., upontheir oathspresentthat
..···············
......
·······
...........
€~~,/,_ ..
.

y-_~j4, ....
..........
......
.....
.......
......
. ..

l'pon t!te evidenceof ...........

. .... . ... witness . swam in ope1t
::::.eourt
and sellt to tlze Grand Jury to give evidence.
··········-'

Clerk.

�\11.

::;1.

Qon1H\ o 11.'-Y~
al tl1.

;,

INDICTMENT FOR.A

,,

~~

~dr ········
{

&lt;£M.

A TRUE

BILL.

~O/'/'ll/1//1.

-~

����-·

��t

•

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="77847">
                <text>1900</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="77848">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Edward Hughes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="77849">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony theft.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="77850">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="77851">
                <text>Theft</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="77852">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="77853">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="77854">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="77855">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="77856">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="77857">
                <text>CCR001_003_008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="216">
        <name>Hughes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1084">
        <name>Karicofe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="4536" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="4304">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/aeb9c7874f12c90f6c14fe7b717b083e.pdf</src>
        <authentication>78aba57ea4da189d8ea02b5a36453f57</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="58134">
                    <text>��������</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="13">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58114">
                  <text>Rockingham County Board of School Commissioners: Treasurers Accounts </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58115">
                  <text>School and society</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58116">
                  <text>School attendance--United States--History.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58117">
                  <text>School attendance--Virginia</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58118">
                  <text>School bonds</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58119">
                  <text>School budgets--Virginia</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58120">
                  <text>School children--Education</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58121">
                  <text>Poverty--America</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58122">
                  <text>Local</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58123">
                  <text>Treasurer's Accounts serve as receipts for the year's spending in the running of common schools. Information on schoolmasters for each district in Rockingham County can be found here, as well as the average cost of daily attendance, supplies, and employment of the educators.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58124">
                  <text>Rockingham County Board of School Commissioners </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58125">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58126">
                  <text>1835-1839</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58127">
                  <text>Rcsr002_001_001-005</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58545">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4523"&gt; Board of School Commissioners Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58557">
                  <text>&lt;a href="&amp;quot;https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/12"&gt; Series I: School Reports &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/14"&gt; Series III: Abstract of School Masters &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/15"&gt; Series IV: School Bonds &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58135">
                <text>Treasurers Accounts, 1835</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58383">
                <text>schoolmasters, salary, school session, cost of books, number of children attending </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58384">
                <text>Board of School Commissioners </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58385">
                <text>JMU Libraries </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58386">
                <text>1835</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58387">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&amp;lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"&amp;gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58388">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="58389">
                <text>Rcsr002_001_001_001</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="909">
        <name>Adchinson</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="536">
        <name>Allen</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="911">
        <name>Blain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="412">
        <name>Brown</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="891">
        <name>Clarke</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="912">
        <name>Cokely</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="916">
        <name>Deavers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="915">
        <name>Duke</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="910">
        <name>Edgar</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="913">
        <name>Ervine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="216">
        <name>Hughes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="332">
        <name>Jennings</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="917">
        <name>Keiffer</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="919">
        <name>Lindon</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="893">
        <name>Lofland</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="914">
        <name>Mauzy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="918">
        <name>McClellan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="845">
        <name>Rice</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="908">
        <name>Thornton</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="4458" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="4199">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/87d042e47667f5acfb1f35b4add2cac3.pdf</src>
        <authentication>88630334ed3ae9a019ec815395bedad5</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="57441">
                    <text>��</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="10">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="48760">
                  <text>Rockingham County Overseers of the Poor: Indentures of Apprenticeship</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51515">
                  <text>Series III is comprised of Rockingham County Indentures of Apprenticeship, which were formal contracts created by the overseers to bind poor or orphaned children to a "master" with who they would learn a trade. Their term generally lasted until the age of twenty-one for males and eighteen for females. Trades were typically determined by the apprentice's sex as well. Active labor and semi-skilled artisan positions were reserved for males, while females often served their term learning to sew, spin, knit, or domestic labor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Overseers of the Poor collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aid&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51516">
                  <text>The Overseers of the Poor of Rockingham County</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51517">
                  <text>JMU Libraries </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51518">
                  <text>1766-1871</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51519">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51520">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51521">
                  <text>Osp003_001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58053">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/11"&gt;Overseers of the Poor: Minutebooks and Correspondences&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58548">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4525"&gt; Overseers of the Poor Finding Aid&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57433">
                <text>1841</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57434">
                <text>Indenture of Apprenticeship, William Hughes to Rev William Bryan </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57435">
                <text>African American, farmer </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57436">
                <text>Overseers of the Poor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57437">
                <text>JMU Libraries </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57438">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57439">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57440">
                <text>Osp003_005_033</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="318">
        <name>Bryan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="216">
        <name>Hughes</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="617" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="570">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/776387ff2d141a7d5326fa37abd96e36.pdf</src>
        <authentication>f6bd4c2defd3fbecb53db142ab62559e</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="47698">
                    <text>ROCKINGHAM COUNTY
NAME OF CLAIMANT
#93 - - Hughes , J . E . F .
Number of Acres:

6

Location:

On Spotswood Trail , four miles southeast of Elkton, Virginia .
Entirely within the Park area .

Roads:

Spotswood Trail; hard surface .
est shipping point .

Soil:

Clay loam with good depth, fair f ertili t-y

History of Tract and condition of timber:

Improvements:

Four miles to Elkton , near -

.All cleared .

see other side .

Acreage and value of types:
Types

Acreage

Value per acre

Total Value

Ridge:
Slope:
Cove:
Grazing Land:
Fields Restocking:
Cultivated Land: ---

5

@

$125 . 00

~625
. 00
'"

Orchard:

1
6

@

200 . 00

200 . 00

Minerals:
Value of Land: $ 625 . oo

4295 . 00

Value of Improvements: $ 42 9 5 • 00
Value of Orchard: $ 200 .oo
Value of Minerals : $
Value of Fruit: $
Value of Timber: $
Value of Wood: $
Value per acre for tract: $ 853 . 33
Incidental damages arising from the taking of this tract: $

None

�Claim oL_J /_,

/?-c f."- ::.£ (~ __- ________________________ .------

In the Ctf,~i ~rt oL~~ ?;~;i =-~C ount y, Virginia,
::e:,ta:s ._

NO------ ---,

At Law.

~e ~V~
z= ~~ io£ LU ~m
# ly-~-&lt;7~,.5t/~_

Peti-

,J-_ d~~ - ~ ~ - - f ~/4 -- ~
moie or less, of land in __ J_~e u,,.L __ :a.u_~_County,

Virginia, Defendan ts.
ion on Conservation and DeCommiss
State
the
of
petitio
th€
to
answer
in
The undersigned,
velopment of the State of Virginia, and in response to the notice of condemnation awarded
upon the !.if.pg ofpsajd _Pepion and published in accordance with the order of the Circuit
Court o f J r ~ ~ t ~ - - County, Virgini , asks leave of the Court to file this

as

h:t::::£::d

-p:tit:~- ~ ~ ::ic_e~~

~ ---~

-------- -------- --

'

I claim a right, :%7.sta te or intersst i a tract or Parcel ~f land within the area sought

to be condemned, containin g about__~ ~U'-- --acr ~~M there are the following
b u i ~and impr ovem ents :_~f -l~~ff_L!!_'f_!_~-~~-t?_t!_'_'l!_~_-(?'~

jlf ______, _I ~ x2- 0 x1~f. 2 ~! ,:Z,{?tnr,______ 1&lt;i' f
f3wr,,c.._ ~;L'fr X

Jl 'iJ h

~ /fof f -~

$- 1_JJ~ J . 11,y:. ri-

P-~y~y.,;-

/0 f: :ZO y1&lt;z-#iz~i..cffic«~fre;t !~

~ocat ed about_ _6--~~-miles from __ wAAq _~----- -------- - Virginia, in
_ ____ _ _Magisterial District of said County.
deI claim the following right, title, estate or interest in the tract or parcel of land
owner,
joint
or
owner
sole
is
he
whether
say
should
claimant
space
this
scribed above: (In
and if joint owner give names of the joint owners. If claimant is not sole or joint owner,
he should set out exactly what right, title, estate or interest he has in or to the tract or
.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
parcel o! land ~scribed above.)

This
the_

- - - - - - ~ - - . £ } A ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------- - - --------

~ ~ r~ ~§de!f~~7r/4~as
7Vl

West____ ____ _________ ____

~-x

_ ___ /4)_ ____

.

------

follows:

-------- ---- - - - ------ - -------- --- - --

! acquired my right, titl5 tere st to th· p operty about the year__________ in the

f~o/Peb ~t =J '~ d~ ~~ 4, W
I claim that the total value of this tract or parcel of land with the improvem ents there.r.-~-- - · I claim that the total value of my right, title, estate or interest,
on is
in and to this tract or parcel of land with the improvem ents thereon is $_p£jj_~--~ ~---·
I am the owner of_ ___ __ __________ acres of land adjoining the above described tract or
parcel of land but lying outside the Park are a, which I claim will be damaged by· the proposed condemnation of lands within the Park area, to the extent of $------- -------- -- -·
as to
(In the space below should be set out any additiona l statemen ts or informat ion
a
here
insert
also
should
he
le
practicab
if
and
make;
to
this claim which claimant desires

$-1' _____

~~J;~~a~:~;;i~~~~-~&lt;.)7 X :Z I - / ¥" - ~ -::L lo)(t~ ~--lfu--r-- : I ~ L ~ _y g- - - ------ ~ A .l 2- j y-_x;/{, £ / 1-__- / ~.JL4. ~j~~~
desc~~~ ~:k:~

'/~_ -

~~~-g~
~ ~-- L --~

.___,p~

_ _;.rt;- :i--J-r ~- ~- -~ r~ .

--------- --- - -------- -----

(Contmue remarks 1f necessar y on,

oLJ:k m~-:~~ :~~1~ 3~r my name and ~::~

7

if t/J ~

__

1}Je back).

at~~~~~~~~~~:y

t.
STATE OF VIRGINIA, COUNTY OF_ _ _ _ ___ ~ - -----~
'-------- -------- -------- The undersig ned hereby certifies that _ -.- __ --r - -- ~
e oath that the matters
ancYmad
him
before
red
ap
ly
personal
the above named claimant
knowledge and belief,
his
of
best
the
to
true
are
wer
abo~ns
his
in
g
appearin
and things

this______-'.~ ________day

f.J./J _

oLd- d,~-----~~~~~~~6!St{g~
Notary Public, or Justice of the Peace.

�County: Rook1ngham
District: Stonewall
~93 ... Hu5hes 1 J. E. F.

Consideration
$136.25 {1901)
rrotals - ;ip860,00 - sold o . 36 k. to state
Highway.
en Spotswood Trail, four miles southeast of Elkton, Virginia.
Entirely within the park area .
"Land- $ 200 . 00
Buildin,~s- f600.00

Value Claimed:

Location:

Deed: 6 A .-3 R ..

Assessed; 6-.§Q,

.c.Crease Cla imed:

n

Incumbranoes. counter claims or la12s;
Clay loam with go od depth of fair fertility .
:Roads:

Spotswo od Trail; hard surface.

F·) Ur miles to ~Ukton, nearest

shipping point .•

History of tra ct ::l nd oondi t ion of timber:

Improveme nts:

.All cleared.

house; Frame, 22:x:37, 4 rooms, porch ?xl8', metal ro o!.',
flue s , oeiled, good oondttion, occupied by owner,
· $1200.00
foundati on--------ware h o use; (a.ttaohed) frame l l.x26xl0', metal
good condition-------- 110 ..ises : Frame 4x8x8' , .Metal roof, fair
chicken
2
10.00
oond l tion ----------Dwelling: Frame 16x28', ki tohen 13xl5xl6', L part
l6:x:20Xl6', 8 rooms, porch 7:x.16', metal ro ) f' , 2 st o ry,
good cond ition, occupied b y owner, soli d f ounda ti on - 2200.00
Barn with shed: 9xl6', f:rarne, 16x26xl6', metal roof,
1 25.00
fatr condition --------s2r1ng house: I?rame llx20xl0', s hingle roof, fai r

Store
brick
solid
Store
roof,

conditi on----------

Value of land by types:
~

Value
per acre

Acreage

TITlable

Orchard

;100 . 00

5

200.00

l
6

Total value of land

Total va l ue of improvements

Total va l ue of orchard
Total value of tract

Average per acre

$ 760 . 00
3760.00
200 . 00

4710.00
?85.00

80.00
75.00
20.00

t

Hen house: Frame 12x30x8', metal roof, fair co 11d i t 1 onHog 12en: .F rame 8xl6x8', s l1ingle roof·, fair
Ga.rage: .i"ra.me l2Xl4xl0'; metal ro of, :fair

Total
Value

ou.0-0

3760.Do

~r750. 00

�County:
_,./ District:

Ro ckingham
Stonewall

#93- Hughes ,J. E. F .

LEGEND:
Tillable

Orchard

Scale - l" • 20 chains

5 33

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="1">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Rockingham County SNP Records: Court Proceedings</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="8977">
                  <text>The first series of &lt;span&gt;the SNP Records collection consists of 4,756 documents related to The State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia v. Cassandra Lawson Atkins and others, and Fifty-Two Thousand Five Hundred and Sixty-One (52,561) Acres of Land, more or less in Rockingham County, Virginia, court case initiated by the state of Virginia in order to acquire 52,561 acres of privately held land located within the northern Blue Ridge Mountains.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; The Virginia government in collaboration with the federal government, used condemnation, a process that involves the seizure of an individual's private property for public use, without the owner’s consent, but with payment of compensation, and more formally known as “eminent domain,” to create the Shenandoah National Park. The documents within the collection almost entirely refer to land located within Rockingham County, but other counties within the park’s scope followed a similar process to acquire the land. The documents are broken up into three categories: Deed Books, Miscellaneous Documents, and Condemnation Cases. This collection contains the Condemnation Cases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Rockingham County Shenandoah National Park collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I&lt;span&gt;n the 1970s and 1980s many of the individuals displaced by the park creation were interviewed in hopes of preserving their stories. To listen to those records visit, &lt;a href="https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/"&gt;https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58049">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58050">
                  <text>1925-1935</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58051">
                  <text>Snp001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58059">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/2"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Deed Books&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/3"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Miscellaneous Records&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://catalog.lib.jmu.edu/record=b2286919"&gt;Shenandoah National Park Oral History Collection&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58554">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4526"&gt; Shenandoah National Park Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7273">
                <text>Hopkins, EB - Lam, EE &amp; EC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7274">
                <text>hughes-j-e-f.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7275">
                <text>Hughes, J. E. F.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7276">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7277">
                <text>Location: Spotswood Trail</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7278">
                <text>Tract(s): 93</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7279">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7280">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7281">
                <text>Pake Davis, Tristan Nelson, Liana Bayne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="216">
        <name>Hughes</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="616" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="569">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/55c6f6344b035510ef1ee23390bef13c.pdf</src>
        <authentication>5f85a3651433f8a8ba4a6cf99580a413</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="47697">
                    <text>ROCKINGHAM COUNTY
NAME OF CLAIMANT

#320 - Hughes , Rev . F . H.
Number of Acres:

10

Location :

Millers Run. Entirely within the Park area .
U. s. Positions 245 and 246.

Richland Heights

Roads:

Three miles via dirt road to Grottoe s, t l1e nea rest s h ipping
point .

Soil:

Sandy loam, slope t ype, fairly level and is of a f a ir depth of
fertility, covered '.vi th loose rocks .
The merchantable saw timber has been
removed from this tract . The remaining stands consist of small
oaks and some short leaf pine .

History of Tract and condition of timber:

Improvements:

None .

Acreage and value of types:
Types

Acreage

Total Value

Value per acre

Ridge:
Slope:

10

'1(5 . 00

$50 . 00

Cove:
Grazing Land:

Fields Restocking :
Cultivated Land:
Orchard:
Minerals:

.,;l

Value of Land: $ 50 . 00
Value of Improvements: $
Value of Orchard: $
Value of Minerals : $
Value of Fruit: $
Value of Timber: $ 50 . 00
Value of Wood: $
Value per acre for tract: $ 10 . 00
Incidental damages arising from the taking of this tract: $

NONE.

soo.,oo
00

�_______________ _
Claim of__ Rev ._ F.H • .fUGllES __ an::I._ Lenor a A-Hug_hes i._W1 fe _, ______
________ , At Law.
In the Circui t Court 0L ___.ful1~.i .ngbz.m ._ ___ ______ County, Virginia, No.
of Virginia, PetiThe State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State
______________ _
tioner, vs. ________ j_{l ___ -4,J:L -~ : __~ ___ J//d:z.!. .L;z,________ ·_______

. . , D ef en d an t s.
Ro .,"'.Kin
------ ----- Coun t y, v·1rgmia
· ___________
____ =00 ham
more or Iess, of Ian d m
Conservation and DeThe undersigned, in answer to the petitio n of the State Commission oncondem
nation awarde d
of
velopment of the State of Virginia, and in respon se to the notice the order of the Circui t
with
ance
upon the filing of said petitio n and published in accord
Court to file this
Court of_ ___~9_1_~J:p_gb-.?Jl1 _________ County, Virginia, asks leave of the
as his answer to said petitio n and to said notice.
____ _
My name is __ E ..t.H!. Hugru ts _.an:l._Len_Qra.__A _. R.u~e.a--#_Vi1l'.5l.1. ___ ___ _______
------ My post office addres s is _______Qr9,.ft.9JhWs3_~!,__yj_._r_gj_.n_l~~ ------- ------area sought
I claim a right, title, estate or interes t in a tract or parcel of land within the
are the following
to be condemned, contain ing about ____ J_.2 _f._~~DJ____ acres, on which there
------ ------ --buildings and improv ements : __________ Q.Q!1_~~ ------ ------ ------ -- -- -----'

·
· ·, m
______ ______ v·1rg1ma
s
te_p ______
Gro t__
':&gt; ______ m1·1 es f rom _______
· I oca t ed a b ou t ____,.,2
· I an d 1s
Tl11s
the_S..t.o.n.eiv.all ___ Magiste:rial Distric t of said County.
parcel of land deI claim the following right, title, estate or interes t in the tract or
or joint owner,
owner
sole
is
he
r
whethe
say
should
nt
scribed above: (In this space claima
joint owner,
or
not sole
and if joint owner give names of the joint owners. If claima nt ishas
the tract or
to
or
in
he
t
he should set out exactly what right, title, estate or interes
parcel of land described above.)
u~e rs .________________ _
______________ F. H. Hu_ghes _and. _ Lenor a A . Hughe s, sole _
as follows:
The land owners adjace nt to the above described tract or parcel of land are
------ -----North ______ __ Mr Id . _ L_ya.i e _La _Baurne ------ ----- --- ------ ------ -----__ _____ _
South ________ _Kar.le .. ..Fr.Lt z+ Mahle .. _$ .:ti_y ~ _..and.__Jchn _S.m- r ..:~ _______
------ ----

East _________ .....;;1.1...c..al.=.r. _:B.ra.t. .&gt;ie -~ ------ ------ - - ------ ------ ------ ------ _______ _
______
West ________ E.A.:Sy_;i;:_on._ _________________________ __________________
__ j~t~___ in the
I acquired my right, title, estate or interes t to this proper ty about the year
following manne r:
Furch aaei of Ly:lia H. La Baum ,of Roano ke va.
------ ------ ------ ------ --------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------co
--------------------.. _______________________ _
emt
loi?em
De-V~
e
Hegpt
____ tb.r:au gh_.th~L.R1.c.hlan:i _
ements thereI claim that the total value of this tract or parcel of land with the improv
estate or interes t,
on is $5-8Q_._QO________ . I claim that the total value of my right, title,
$.5_QQL (,U ________ .
in and to this tract or parc·e1. of land with the improvements thereo n is
ed tract or
I am the owner oL ______ p_o_n_e____ acres of land adjoini ng the above describby the proed
parcel of land but lying outside the Park are a, which I claim will be damag
------- ------·
posed condemnation of lands within the Park area, to the extent of $----ation as to
inform
or
ents
statem
nal
additio
(In the space below should be set out any
here a
insert
also
should
he
able
practic
if
and
make;
this claim which claima nt desires to
description of the tract or parcel of land by metes and bound~).
_____ _____ _
Remar ks· __ _ Thie _ ten. acres of lani _is _:lesi_ g_nate :i as_ tract
_Grot tllsJ _____ _
____ No. 6'( of the _Rc1hla.n:i _ Hei_g_hta _Deve lope ment _Co • .1near
'i- 'r' _______ _
____ Jla . ______ Thia _tract _of _land. _ has coat _ us _j_ust rj-11--f, (t£L,

-~ 4-~

--~..f_ _ll_6 e~:t.:!_~-------------- ~-----------------back).

if necessary on the
__________________ _Q_ ________________________ (Continue remark s
Witnes s my signatu re (or my name and mark attach

~ ~
/

13
~~~. ~ t~NT Y OF__

e eto this __

#_g_:-_____ day

c---~--~----~-~:~-, To-~t__ ___cL-e~
ff------______ ____ _
__
i
--:: -_______

....-.:?_
The unders igned hereby certifies tha&amp; ___ --~
'"~~de oath that the matter s
hir£1a
before
e
appear
the above named claima nt personally
dge and belief,
and things appear ing in his above answe r are true to the best of his knowle
this _____ l,___K________ day

of__J-= ----?l:!L&amp; _LL /~(-:-- ------Glerk of the Cou:rt, or Special I~ig ator or
Notary Public, &amp; Justice of the Peaee.

�Cm.mty: f"oo1:~.nch~""l
'f'l1nt.rin t: Oton(,,;,::111

10

taoo.
1,:1110:r:a :~un. li:nti1"' 1~l!t •:;l tliin t..~e p~lr!, ~e .... ,
:,:1,olll.• .. tld Ueightu , u. .~ . "' ooi t10;1t&gt; 245 and :'34Ch

-

. n::- s: l: one is;;nown,

J2!.!:
~

nr;,t'Y j.mun* n101 e tyt 0 ; tnirly l nvol and ia n&lt;f&gt; e
de1 th a£ !'ortili t! • c :ve:tofl wi t:1 lo ao rocks .

Hnnd/,:
,1:'l"'i...,.,,

1

3 r i l e;: via· dirt rood t o o:rotbtlu ..,
point•
"

tn

ti""

l'.'

air

~eo t r-,hirx1ing
'

....

'l'ho ~,ex-anant.nbl,e eat, t 1nbo:- hao boon rer .ov1Z:t!, :rrorL t hie
tr 1e t.. ~'he :t."(~•.a.1111~ st:1n.(1~1 oo:.i.Piot i' urnl.t CMtl-:o
u.nd a»'}m~ short l.o~ir 'f":i11e1 a ,out lO c&lt;k ~ of f'ml wood

r Ul"

Pu

~

50"

~}::."' &lt;:Jd -.

,:t,,O . OO

·

'th .l:u tmQi•1s to be n.n error 1.n tho em:test:;:.~rir.1 t
a::, to lnJ.i~dineo 11 rm b\dldJ.nc;~1 en thlt: t:r'Hlt r..
1

·a1ue

r e1".' c,.¢;t•e

~

'1'o t o.l vali::, of land
?otal value o.f timber
11.otiJl \r!',l'JG

of rt;~C t

so.on

·--~2&gt;.i,o

�NoTE--This need not be filed until the record discloses that the awards have been paid into the custody of
the Courts.

Virginia: In the Circuit Court of Rockingham County
The State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia .. PETITIONER.
V. At Law No. 1829
Cassandra Lawson Atkins and others, and Fifty-Two Thousand, Five Hundred and
Sixty-One (52,561) Acres of land, more or less . . . . . . . . .
DEFENDANTS.
Comes now the undersigned and shows to the Court :
That a judgment in rem has heretofore been entered in this proceeding condemning to the use of the
Petitioner the fee simple estate in the tract(s) of land numbered as follows: Tract No. }_~Q ________ :

'tlffrt/1:lr/.//J../-/.//JJ__/.Jltiir/t~/,/ LI/J_Jj/JJJI,/
and described in the report of the Board of Appraisal Commissioners appointed herein and shown, numbered, and delineated on the County Ownership Map :filed therewith, upon payment into the custody of
the Court of the sum(s) set out in the said judgment as constituting the award(s) therefor, as follows:
Award on Tract No. _J_Z.Q _____ $-1! Q..,y_Q__ ;/r/i./i-/a!Ji#J/_j_i/JJ_j_j/jj /pfj/JL/JJJ,/Jllr/r£/t/~.

------------------------~1 ---------------i
That the report of the said Board sets forth that the following named persons claim, or appear to
have a claim to an interest in the said tract(s) of land or in the proceeds arising from the condemnation
thereof;
F. H. Hughes

That the Petitioner has paid into the custody of the Court the said sum(s) set out in said judgment
as constituting the award(s) for the fee simple estate in the said tract(s) of land;
That your undersigned, on the date of the said judgment in rem condemning the said tract(s) of
land, owned or was (were) entitled to the following interest in the said tract ( s) or in the proceeds
arising from the condemnation thereof:- 'ree simple interest by virtue 0 r deed frr,m

L:•ciu JJ. La Faurre, cated August r-, 1&lt;?18, recorded ir +.he Clerk's Of+-ice o~
F.ockingharr Cour:ty, Virginia, in Leed Poch o . 110, pare 533, tc ur1dersigred
F. E. Hughes and Lenora A. Hughes.
That no other person or persons than the undersigned are entitled to share in the distribution of the
said award(s) except the following named persons whose interest in said tract(s) or in the proceeds
arising from the condemnation thereof on the date of entry of said judgment was as follows:
,Ji. H. darriscn,

Tre:J.surer--------- - - ----

·2 . 76 fer 193.1 taxes

Wherefore, your undersigned pray(s) that [he (they) be made a party (parties) herein under the
provisions of Section 21 of the Public Park Condemnation Act, and that] an order be entered for the
distribution of said sum(s) set forth in said judgment in rem as constituting the award(s) for the fee
simple estate in the said tract(s) condemned as aforesaid, and for the payment to the undersigned of the
said award(s) or of as much thereof as the Court may :find that the undersigned is (are) entitled to
receive, and which the undersigned aver(s) is as follows: Tract No. __ --3.:::

------------ $_1 11... C__ : Tract

No. ------------------------ $ --------------------: Tract No. ------------------------ $--------------------;
The undersigned further aver(s) that: (Leave this space blank unless ther~ is some other pertinent matter to be brought specially to the attention of the court)

:::::::::::: D, teri tai s lOt h day:

of:February,

-------------------------------------------

Statb of Jest Virgiri~ ,

$J;0( ?2 :: : : : : :

------~ ~ ~

1Zo

�our.t: o . . ayet e: ,

o- .n
F . 1. ,1u 6 he::, cJ..na Ler.cra A. dug,hec , ·1Dcse r.arr,es are

sigr.ec to the above pe:tibon do.tee tr:e lOtn oay e:f •ebruary, 1'·34, ha'lir.CJ" been
first ouly sworn, on their oaths did de:pose ar,o sa:,· tn'it the facts ttatecl ir.
said petitior, are true and corrsct to tns best of their kro , l ecge arc belief.
Giver under my hunc and seul this _ _ aay of

�TO NHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
1

This is to certify that the taxes for the year 1933
on the tract of mountain landcon taining ten acres and designat ed
in the Park condemn ation suit as Tract No. 320, situate in Rocking ham County, Virginia , and assessed in the name of F.H.Hu.ghes, have not
been paid, the same, with penalty , amountin g to the sum of TWo Dol-

lars and Seventy -six Cents ($2.76).
Given under my hand this~/41 --- day of February , 1934.
....=--c ,-o-un~t- y-,---'
...........am
----=T,.....r_e_a"'.:'"s~u-":':t-:'e....r"":-'.....o.._..'=R....o"""clft-'~ng
Virginia .

-------~------------~~--------~-----------------------------------TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
This is to certify that the records in my office do not show
any delinque nt taxes against the tract of mountai n land containi ng
ten acres and known and designat ed in the Park condemn ation suit as
No. 320, situate in Rockingham County, Virginia , sa id tract of land
standing in the name of F.H.Hug hes.
Given under my hand this

;?- /

day of February , 1934.

~,....~.._o"'""u....,.,,..,....,,._o.,,.ur.._,.,.._o-:ir--R:""."o~c'l"-ki.,..ng~h~~
~......,..e~.....
~.....o"rir-'
--0-1-effe.c_,_
~:? --UotiJ:'-t
Virgini
County,

l'Z. f

�RALP H

H . BADER

ATTORNEY AT LAW

HARRISONBURG, VI RGI NIA

�IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ROCKINGiliM COUNTY, VIRGINIA•
The State Commission on
Conservation and Development
o.t the stat e of Virginia ,.

v.

PETITIONER ,

At Law No . 1829.

Cassandra Lawson Atkins and others ,
On this, the

;t..&lt;£" d_ay

DEFENDANTS .

of Febru.ary, 1934 , came F. H. Hu.ghes

and ·:I:.enora .A.. Hu.ghes , and, on their mo_tion, leave is given them to
file their application for the disbursement of the sum of One
Hu.ndred Dollars " ($100. 00), the amou.nt of the award set out in the
judgment of condemna tion for Tract No . 320 and heretofore paid into

And it appe aring to the Court that the said F. H. HU.ghes
and Lenora A..HUghes are invested with a superior or better right
or claim of title in and to the said tract of land No . 320 than any
II

other personvor persons, and that the record of this cause does not
disclose any denial or dispute by any party or person in interest
as to the title to said Tract No . 320 or to the proceeds arising
from the condemnation of said Tract No . 320:
And it further appearing to the Cou.rt that all taxes du.a
on said Tract No . 320 have been paid except the taxes for the
year 1933, amounting to Two Dollars and Seventy- six Cents ($2. 76), ,
which are du.e and payable to M. H. Harrison, Treasu.rer of Rooldngham
County :
Upon consideration whereof , it is considered and ordered
by the Court that the said sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100. 00},
paid into oourt by petitioner as just compensation for Tract No .
320, be disbursed as follows :
That $97 . 24 be paid u.nto said F.H. Hu.ghes and Lenora A.
Rughes, jointly, and $2 . 76 be paid unto M.H. Ha:rrison, Treasu.rer •
.And the Clerk of this Court is directed to transmit a oertified copy of this order to the Treasurer of Virginia , who shall

�--2- ..
pay unto said F. H. HUghes and Lenora A. HUghes,Jointly , the said sum

of Ninety- seven Dollars and Twenty- four Cents ($97 . 24), and unto
M. H.Harrison, Treasurer , the said sum of Two Dollars and Seventysix Cents ($2. 76) , said sums amounting to One HU.ndred Dollars

($100. 00), being the amount of the award set out in the judgment of
condemnation for Tract No. 320 • taking from said F. H. Hughes and
Lenora A. Hughes and M. H. Harrison,Treasurer , receipts for the amounts
paid them and certifying suoh payments to the Clark of this Cou.rt
for appropriate entry thereof , as required by law.
Enter .

~ Judge-. --------'
- ---------..~-

\\'

�QtnmmnnnttaltlJ nf ]Jtrgtnia
TREASURER'S OFFICE
RICHMOND, VA,

JOHN M. PURCELL

March 3 , 1934

TREASURER OF VIRGINIA

This is to certify that I, J.M. Purcel1, Treasurer
of Virg i n ia have t h i s

3

day of March

in accordan c e

with an order of the circuit court of Rockingham County
dated 2/28/34

in the cause of the State Commission

on Conservation and Development of the State of Virg in ia
vs.

Cassandra Lawso--n._____,,..A~t~k~i~n~ s...__ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

:p a id to __ F . H . Hughes and Lenora A. Hughes
$ 97 . 24

b eing i n f ul l s ettlement of tract #3fill-

in the ab ove men ti oned cause.

�&lt;!tnmmnuwtaltlJ nf lllirgiuia
TREASURER'S· OFFICE
RICHMOND, VA ,

March 3 , 1934

JOHN M . PURCELL
TREASURER OF VIRGINIA

F . H. Hughes and Lenora A. Hughes

Received of J.M. Purcell, Treasurer of
Virginia, the sum of$ 97 . 24

, in accordance

with an order of the Circuit Court of the county
of

Rockingham

entered on the 28th

day

of February 193!__ , in the matter of the State
Commission on Conservation and Development v _ __

---~G-a~s~s=a-n~d~r~a-~L-a~w~s~o~n....__,A........,_tk
.......i~n~s,___and others, being
full and complete settlement for the tract of land
known in said proceedin

Sign original and duplicate
and return to the Treasurer
of Virginia.

41\

�Qlnmmnuwraltq nf ]ltrgtuta
TREASURER'S OFFICE
RICHMOND, VA,

March 3., 1934

JOHN M. PURCELL
TREASURER OF VIRGINIA

This is to certify that I, J.M. Purcell, Treasurer
March
in accordance
i'sba::wx
day of
of Virginia have this 3
with an order of the circuit court of Rockingham County
dated

2/28/34

in the cause of the State Commission

on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia

Atkins
Cassandra Lawson
- - - - - - -- - -- - - - :paid to _M . H. Harrison, Treasurer
vs.

being in full settlement of tract#~
in the above mentioned cause.

/

�Q!nmmnuwtttlt4 nf llfirgiuttt
TREASURER'S OFFICE
RICHMOND, VA.

March 3 , 1934

JOHN M . PURCELL
TREASURER OF VIRGINIA

M. H. Harrison , Treasurer

Received of J.M. Purcell, Treasurer of
7_6___ , in accordance
Virginia, the sum of $_2~•with an order of the Circuit Court of the county
of

Rockingham County

entered on the

28th

day

of February 1934_ , in the matter of the State
Commission on Conservation and Development v ___
_ __C_a_s_s_a~n'-'---=dr-=-a---'CL~a~w~s~o=n=-=A~t=k=i=n=s~__ and others, being
full and complete settlement for the tract of land
known in said proceeding as# 320 .

•

Sign original and duplicate
and return to the Treasurer
of Virginia.

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="1">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Rockingham County SNP Records: Court Proceedings</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="8977">
                  <text>The first series of &lt;span&gt;the SNP Records collection consists of 4,756 documents related to The State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia v. Cassandra Lawson Atkins and others, and Fifty-Two Thousand Five Hundred and Sixty-One (52,561) Acres of Land, more or less in Rockingham County, Virginia, court case initiated by the state of Virginia in order to acquire 52,561 acres of privately held land located within the northern Blue Ridge Mountains.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; The Virginia government in collaboration with the federal government, used condemnation, a process that involves the seizure of an individual's private property for public use, without the owner’s consent, but with payment of compensation, and more formally known as “eminent domain,” to create the Shenandoah National Park. The documents within the collection almost entirely refer to land located within Rockingham County, but other counties within the park’s scope followed a similar process to acquire the land. The documents are broken up into three categories: Deed Books, Miscellaneous Documents, and Condemnation Cases. This collection contains the Condemnation Cases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Rockingham County Shenandoah National Park collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I&lt;span&gt;n the 1970s and 1980s many of the individuals displaced by the park creation were interviewed in hopes of preserving their stories. To listen to those records visit, &lt;a href="https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/"&gt;https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58049">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58050">
                  <text>1925-1935</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58051">
                  <text>Snp001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58059">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/2"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Deed Books&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/3"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Miscellaneous Records&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://catalog.lib.jmu.edu/record=b2286919"&gt;Shenandoah National Park Oral History Collection&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58554">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4526"&gt; Shenandoah National Park Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7263">
                <text>Hopkins, EB - Lam, EE &amp; EC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7264">
                <text>hughe-rev-f-h.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7265">
                <text>Hughes, Rev F.H.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7266">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7267">
                <text>Location: Millers Run</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7268">
                <text>Tract(s): 320</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7269">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7270">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7271">
                <text>Pake Davis, Tristan Nelson, Liana Bayne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="216">
        <name>Hughes</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
