<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/browse?tags=Sipe&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CCreator&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-03-13T11:22:43+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>20</perPage>
      <totalResults>19</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="4468" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="4214">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/deecbeed61049ff26faed0b2c7636d06.pdf</src>
        <authentication>5a52f0bb04a10418cdb148588a77e611</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="57536">
                    <text>��</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4215">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/17c9eeb535e39f8119671fa1ffaaaad1.pdf</src>
        <authentication>1ee84b5436e4e9e98c43d368643e4ac6</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="57537">
                    <text>This indenture made the 7th day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and forty two between Abraham Byrd overseer of the poor for the first district of the county of
Rockingham of the one part and David Sipe of said county of the other part witnesseth that the
said Abraham Byrd overseer of the poor as aforesaid by virtue of an order of the court of the
aforesaid county baring date fifteenth of September 1842 have put placed and bound and by
these presents do put place and bind Mary Jane Johnston girl of coulor aged of seven years to be
an apprentice with him the said David Sipe and as an apprentice with him the said David Sime to
dwell from the date of these presents until the said Mary Jane Johnston shall attain the age of
eighteen years according to the act of General Assembly in that case made and provided By and
during all which time and term the said Mary Jane Johnston shall the said David Sipe her said
master well and faithfully serve in all such lawful business as the said Mary Jane Johnston shall
be put unto be her said master according to the power wit and ability of her the said Mary Jane
Johnston and honestly and obediently in all things shall behave herself towards her said master
and honestly and orderly towards the rest of the family of the said David Sipe and the said David
Sipe for his part himself his executors and administrators doth hereby promise and covenant to
and with the said overseers of the poor and every of them their and every of their executors and
administrators and their and every of their successors for the time being and to and with said
Mary Jane Johnston, that he the said David Sipe shall instruct the said Mary Jane Johnston in the
art of spinning and housewifery and that the said David Sipe shall also find and allow unto the
said apprentice sufficient meat drink washing lodging and all other things needful or nect for an
apprentice during the term aforesaid and als that the said David Sipe shall pay to the said
overseers of the poor for the benefit of Angeline Johnston mother of said girl forty dollars and 83
cents to be paid as follows in ten annual payments of four dollars and 8 cents from the date of
these presents and moreover pay the said Mary Jane Johnston the sum of four dollars and 8 cents
at the expiration of the aforesaid term in witness whereof the parties haver interchangeably set
their hands and seals to these presents the day and year first above written

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="10">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="48760">
                  <text>Rockingham County Overseers of the Poor: Indentures of Apprenticeship</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51515">
                  <text>Series III is comprised of Rockingham County Indentures of Apprenticeship, which were formal contracts created by the overseers to bind poor or orphaned children to a "master" with who they would learn a trade. Their term generally lasted until the age of twenty-one for males and eighteen for females. Trades were typically determined by the apprentice's sex as well. Active labor and semi-skilled artisan positions were reserved for males, while females often served their term learning to sew, spin, knit, or domestic labor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Overseers of the Poor collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aid&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51516">
                  <text>The Overseers of the Poor of Rockingham County</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51517">
                  <text>JMU Libraries </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51518">
                  <text>1766-1871</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51519">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51520">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51521">
                  <text>Osp003_001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58053">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/11"&gt;Overseers of the Poor: Minutebooks and Correspondences&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58548">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4525"&gt; Overseers of the Poor Finding Aid&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57528">
                <text>1842</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57529">
                <text>Indenture of Apprenticeship, Mary Jane Johnston to David Sipe </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57530">
                <text>African American, spinning and housewifery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57531">
                <text>Overseers of the Poor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57532">
                <text>JMU Libraries </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57533">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57534">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57535">
                <text>Osp003_005_043</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="858">
        <name>Johnston</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="4469" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="4217">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/2a638c7faf704b0fb393c0a949f98e54.pdf</src>
        <authentication>1f811e8e9d50e9d60be2f29adc380ce6</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="57547">
                    <text>��</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4218">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/668b4dbbfb406dc6e383a2d22862d04c.pdf</src>
        <authentication>b59a979279589997a494930fca8cbebc</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="57548">
                    <text>This indenture made the 7th day of September in the year of our lord one thousand eight hundred
and forty two between Abraham Byrd overseer of the poor for the first district of the county of
Rockingham of the one part and David Sipe of said county of the other part wintesseth that the
said Abraham Byrd overseer of the poor as aforesaid by virtue of an order of the court of the
aforesaid county bearing date 15th of September 1842 have out placed and bound and by these
presents do put place and bind Tom Johnston a free boy of couler of the age of five years to be
an apprentice with him the said David Sipe to dwell from the date of the presents until the said
Tom Johnston shall attain the age of twentyone years according to the act of the General
Assembly in that case made and provided by and during all which time and term the said Tom
Johnston shall the said David Sipe his master well and faithfully serve in all such lawful business
as the said Tom Johnston shall be put unto by his said master according to the power wit and
ability of him the said Tom Johnston and honestly and obediently in all things shal behave
himself towards his master and honestly and orderly towards the rest of the family of the said
David Sipe and the said David Sipe for his part for himself his executors and administrators doth
hereby promise and covenant to and with the said overseer of the poor and every of them their
and every of their executors and administrators and their and every of their successors for the
time being and to and with the said Tom Johnston and that he the David Sipe shall instruct the
said Tom Johnston in the art of farming and the agricultural business so far as the said David
Sipe now uses after the best manner that he can or may teach or instruct and inform or cause to
be taught instructed or informed as much as thereto belongeth and the said David Sipe shall also
find and allow unto the said apprentice sufficient meat drink apperrel washing lodging and all
other things needful or nect for an apprentice during the term aforesaid and also that the said
David Sipe shall pay to the said overseer of the poor or his successor for the benefit of Angeline
Johnston the mother of the said Tom Johnston forty six dollars eighty seven and a half cents to
be paid in fifteen annual payments of three dollars and twelve and a half cents and will moreover
pay the said Tom Johnston the sum of three dollars and twelve and a half cents at the expiration
of the aforesaid term. In witness whereof the parties have interchangeably set their hands and
seals to these presents the day and year first above written

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="10">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="48760">
                  <text>Rockingham County Overseers of the Poor: Indentures of Apprenticeship</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51515">
                  <text>Series III is comprised of Rockingham County Indentures of Apprenticeship, which were formal contracts created by the overseers to bind poor or orphaned children to a "master" with who they would learn a trade. Their term generally lasted until the age of twenty-one for males and eighteen for females. Trades were typically determined by the apprentice's sex as well. Active labor and semi-skilled artisan positions were reserved for males, while females often served their term learning to sew, spin, knit, or domestic labor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Overseers of the Poor collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aid&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51516">
                  <text>The Overseers of the Poor of Rockingham County</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51517">
                  <text>JMU Libraries </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51518">
                  <text>1766-1871</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51519">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51520">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51521">
                  <text>Osp003_001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58053">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/11"&gt;Overseers of the Poor: Minutebooks and Correspondences&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58548">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4525"&gt; Overseers of the Poor Finding Aid&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57538">
                <text>1842</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57539">
                <text>Indenture of Apprenticeship, Tom Johnston to David Sipe </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57540">
                <text>African American, farmer </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57541">
                <text>Overseers of the Poor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57542">
                <text>JMU Libraries </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57543">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57544">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57545">
                <text>Osp003_005_044</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="858">
        <name>Johnston</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24201" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14275">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_022_032.pdf</src>
        <authentication>22e7812877a17182fd9bff65751f9eb7</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269404">
                <text>Commonwealth v. W.H. Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269405">
                <text>1902</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269406">
                <text>Selling Poison</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="269407">
                <text>Carbolic Acid</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269408">
                <text>Defendant charged with selling poison,</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269409">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269410">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269411">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="269412">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269413">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269414">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269415">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269416">
                <text>Ccr002_022_032</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24312" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14386">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_020_006.pdf</src>
        <authentication>c4dcf9a022b2a86fde636e8a5276ad39</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270793">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Z. Whitfield Raines and Jacob Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270794">
                <text>1890</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270795">
                <text>Drunkenness </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270796">
                <text>Defendant charged with drunkenness. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270797">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270798">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270799">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="270800">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="270801">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270802">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270803">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270804">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270805">
                <text>Ccr002_020_006</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="175">
        <name>Raines</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24331" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14405">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_020_025.pdf</src>
        <authentication>13c84263584f9da2d7745bf76d71056c</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271046">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Franklin Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271047">
                <text>1890</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271048">
                <text>Trespass</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271049">
                <text>Defendant charged with trespassing. Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271050">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271051">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271052">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271053">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271054">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271055">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271056">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271057">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271058">
                <text>Ccr002_020_025</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24872" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14874">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_014_029.pdf</src>
        <authentication>d2887b42f858aa032bf1842563c57bb9</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277965">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Joshua Jennings and Emanuel Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277966">
                <text>1854</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277967">
                <text>Retailing ardent spirits without license</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277968">
                <text>Defendant charged with retailing ardent spirits without a license.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277969">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277970">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277971">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="277972">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="277973">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277974">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277975">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277976">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277977">
                <text>Ccr002_014_029</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="332">
        <name>Jennings</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24908" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14910">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_014_047.pdf</src>
        <authentication>c48e34610713c017fc272cd76d6a519c</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278444">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Joshua Jennings and Emanuel Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278445">
                <text>1854</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278446">
                <text>Sell Alcohol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278447">
                <text>Defendant charged with retailing ardent spirits without a license.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278448">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278449">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278450">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278451">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278452">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278453">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278454">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278455">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278456">
                <text>Ccr002_014_047</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="332">
        <name>Jennings</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24934" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14936">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_014_059.pdf</src>
        <authentication>5dd002732bec449069655be4028d7277</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278789">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Joshua Jennings and Emmanuel Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278790">
                <text>1855</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278791">
                <text>Sell Alcohol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278792">
                <text>Defendant charged with retailing ardent spirits without a license. Nolle Prosequi</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278793">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278794">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278795">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278796">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278797">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278798">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278799">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278800">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278801">
                <text>Ccr002_014_059</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25062" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15063">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_011_037.pdf</src>
        <authentication>08d15e82bc7919e39db757f9abaf939c</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280491">
                <text>Commonwealth v. George Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280492">
                <text>1838</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280493">
                <text>Assault</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280494">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and did beat, wound, and ill treat. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280495">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280496">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280497">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="280498">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="280499">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280500">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280501">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280502">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280503">
                <text>Ccr002_011_037</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25660" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15576">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_004_001.pdf</src>
        <authentication>07de9fd1e6f3b8baba3f314c9ee0b641</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287979">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Daniel</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287980">
                <text>1815</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287981">
                <text>Murder</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="287982">
                <text>African American</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="287983">
                <text>Enslaved Person</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287984">
                <text>Defendant charged with murder. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287985">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287986">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287987">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="287988">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287989">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287990">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287991">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287992">
                <text>Ccr002_004_001</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1259">
        <name>Daniel</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="744">
        <name>Jones</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1608">
        <name>Morgan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6525" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6260">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_007_209-commonwealth-v-margaret-sipe.pdf</src>
        <authentication>cc13a730c6cbbdd7f824b5c45bbd6e1c</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="76426">
                    <text>'
•'

Commonwealth of Virginia,
County of Rockingham, to-\vit:
fo the Ci.rtui1Courl of s.1.idCour\ty:
The Juroro

ot the COEri:Oll"W"ealthot' \'irslnin,

in end J'or- the

body of the County or Ro,ckinA*.a J und now (l.ttenc1111g 1.he Circutt
n,fu, f'li,
~~•.1'?1•,
Cour-t ot "".ld count~• ;-l;F(lt, 7H IR OATHS fl\hSUi'l',
~hat

llarga~ot Sipe on •prll 1,1916, in eai~ coun~y. did unlbw:f\tlly, Mli•
cton~ 1 y 8nd felonionPly attell!J)t to dnu.niater end ~14 dmir.1etor
poison, known as strychnine,
ir. n food known •e candy, to one Lillia
v~,;cr, oy ~•nding a box o~ said o~ndy, in which the ,aid UaYg~rot
Si~e h,d feloniously
pl•o•d •aid etryobn1n8 poteon, b; united states
r.i&amp;ll, eaid box beinir addressed to saii Lillie
J;yger, ~ho, on reee1vir:o ra:ae i!: due couru Of 211.
ope::,1u4 i.,. S"td. ,..,'"'OC&amp; Jf'ld •o ,. ..._
it ~h•n sr~ discovered
tho said ~01son, therebr
endnngoring tho life
or said Lillie user.
•o ~.all••
th~t or h•r sieteY, core K);ger,
~.o &amp;loo &lt;1d ••tot
aeid osn!;,,
rucooer.ily g1Yen to ~er b7 the said
Lillie lcygnr, with the folontou• intent to injUl'e tnd kUl •aid t1111e
r,ygeT,
"8' inst

t.he pe,ice

and

di();&lt;lit}·

or

the Coc,:,onwealth

or VirginJa.

AIID ':HE JURORS APO:U:SA'LD, Uf'Oli THEIR OA.:HS .llFO!U.S,UD, DO
FURTHER
PRESENT,that

aKa..inoc. the peuce and di6ni t.y ot the Commonwealth ot Virginin.

,2..v...,
ff .de¥ 74'9,,,_..
~...:.,;::__~.,;;/Z,°7;&lt;-'"&lt;1C-'•..:.t
..;~'-"',/-J?.lil
...v.-&lt;-"',V'--'z."'J,:t.tµ_µ."""'~=-:-,.;Z.,_=c=•c,ed.U,_''--"'.J..,,'°':,"""..:~X:...,t'-'@=..?#'.c,co,:,_.~,.._,,
ti,_,
Thi• indictment

io found

on the testimony

of

wttneGae~ eworn in Court and aent. be~ore the Grnnd Jury to give
evide11ce.

�1,•ay torr,i, 1916.

Attampted

poison by 01&gt;.ndy.

COMMON\Vi;A

LTI I
lndictn1enc

\''S.

:.:.&gt;~~,rel f~it"

Fur Felony

•

.:rt,()("
-Mi,sdeme .......-..-

A TRUE BILI,

;;-,.:.,.w~~
t"OJ"Cffl.flO

'-

,..

:J. ,;. .r

;;

'yll"{

I ' :,

,, /f / f-

._,

3669 •
nsrry ,•• st:rickln:r,
COllll'\on,rnal~Jl• 8 ~ ttorney.

•

....

,,

••

~

'

-

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76415">
                <text>1916</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76416">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Margaret Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76417">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony attempted murder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76418">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="76419">
                <text>Attempted Murder</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76420">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76421">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76422">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76423">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76424">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76425">
                <text>CCR001_007_209</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="558">
        <name>Kyger</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="456" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="410">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/fba5f54fd19b5eab902d30035d9864c5.pdf</src>
        <authentication>e1b8942ddf95af280670435d9c38aac1</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="47538">
                    <text>RCCKI:TGHlJT COUNTY

NAME OF CLAIMANT

#275 - Sipe , L. L.
Number of Acres: 11
Location:

Deep Run and entirely uithin the Pc.rk area .

Roads:

Three miles via dirt road to
shipping point .

Soil:

Cove and slope type .

ort Republic, the nearest

Sandy loam of a fair depth and fertility .

History of Tract and condition of timber :

Improvements:

None .
Acreage and value of types:
Types

Acreage

Value per acre

Total Value

Ridge:
Slope:

7

.,;5 . 00

35 . 00

Cove:

4

10 . 00

40 . 00
:ri75 . 00

Grazing Land:
Fields Restocking :
Cultivated Land:
Orchard:
Minerals:
Value of Land : $ 7 5 • OO
Value of Improvements: $
Value of Orchard: $

20 . 00

Value of Minerals: $
Value of Fruit: $
Value of Timber: $ 20 . 00

30 . 00
$125 . 00

Value of Wood: $ 30 . OO
Value per acre for tract: $ 11 . 36
Incidental damages arising from the taking of this tract: $
~-~-

CL~RK.

�Claim of_ ____ L , L · S ,'r;,e ------------------------------------------------------------In the Circuit Court oLRP_~j_r~{._11_Jl7_~!1:?L ____ County, Virginia, No. ________ , At Law.
The State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia, Petitioner, vs. _____________________________________________________________________________ _
more or less, of land in_R~&lt;::!1!~1-2:-9.b_q _z_-z.1. ______ County, Virginia, Defendants.
The undersigned, in answer to the petition of the State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia, and in response to the notice of condemnation awarded
upon the filing of s_aid petition and published in accordance with the order of the Circuit
Court oL_!'!_0_~HL 7J.;J.h _gZ. n :J_____ County, Virginia, asks leave of the Court to file this
as his answer to said petition and to said notice.
My name is __ L LI //,e7 - _ L _s/_;~ 0 -------------------------------------------My post offi.ce address is _____ _!~_o__J_-_L_ _ _rr_~,t:;;,_.y_(~ L.~-~----~ --------------I claim a right, title, estate or interest in a tract or parcel of land within the area sought
to be condemned, containing about_ ____ j)_ _________ _acres, on which there are the following
buildings and improvements: ________ !]_~_7-zf'_______________________ _____________________ _

This land is located about_ ___ £::. _____ miles from ___ .!:-_:j.J_7_7._7_w_!?__q_c;:l_ ________ Virginia, in
the~.J.v_,_~w.C!ZU ___ Magisterial District of said County.
I claim the following right, title, estate or interest in the tract or parcel of land described above: (In this space claimant should say whether he is sole owner or joint owner,
and if joint owner give names of the joint owners. If claimant is not sole or joint owner,
he should set out exactly what right, title, estate or interest he has in or to the tract or
parcel of land described above.)

----- I

Cl

777

7/u~

_ .SC)

le

O

y.n ?'tl, - _ v- /7cJve _ d

/!e-e __ /

77]

J-v_l--e

,~r4e _________ _

The land owners adja~ent to the above described tract or parcel of land are as follows:
N orth ____ v V\I , - j,./( I/le I • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - South ____ D7 ·__ A, S:, ;r:e, 7T1 Jv e ________________________________________________ __ _
East ___ J--le 77 7 · y Rc1 / 7,es-__________________________________________ _________ _
L cl 77 e es Te,·
t
W es----------------------------------------------· -------------------------------

I acquired my right, title, estate or interest to this property about the year __ L.?_~_c.,_ __ in the
following manner:
_ f-rc,

711 __ D

,· __ A. S: / -re,77 )- 0 e

7 -

--------------------------------------------------

I claim that the total value of this tract or parcel of land with the improvements thereon is $.b'.rQ'. _ 9_f?_______ . I claim that the total value of my right, title, estate or interest,
in and to this tract or parcel of land with the improvements thereon is $J:.r::.Q-_q_fl________ .
I am the owner oL _______________ acres of land adjoining the above described tract or
parcel of land but lying outside the Park are a, which I claim will be damaged by the proposed condemnation of lands within the Park area, to the extent of $- .:'.~~..:..?_~ ----------·
(In the space below should be set out any additional statements or information as to
this claim which claimant desires to make; and if practicable he should also insert here a
description of the tract or parcel of land by metes and bounds).
Remarks·------------------------------------- -------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------- (Continue remarks if necessary on the back).
Witness my signature (or my name and mark attached hereto) thiJp-_,;_l_j,~~-----day
____ fl~~-.7---L~----oL_ E:!!-_ _-...;; ___ L:l?!_/_ ___ , 1930.
STATE OF VIRGINIA, COUNTY OF __ { p_~fGJJ _ ft&lt;2.2??.. _______ , To-wit:
The undersigned hereby certifies that_ __½_~[1~_7_-:.__h ___
the above named claimant personally appeared before him and made oath that the matters
and things appearing in his above answer are true to the best of his knowledge and belief,
__J._ J ~
this _____ ~~ _l~ ________ day oL .!._C:_!"?.j__ l:i_:J.j_ __ , 1930. "
1

~L/~.§'__________________________ _

•

-----------

J '-

.

~- - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - -

• ..-.,,---cA
_ _ _ _ _ .,.! _ _ _ _ _ _

Clerk of the- Court, 01...--Special Investigator or
Notary Public, or, fust-ice of the Peace.

�Count : l oo i nghut:i
trio : · on all

1

D

l a.i r:ied t
Cl a.i ned :

Honda :

3u

It

280- 00

.tt

. o~l,:

aed l ...'.)

00

11 A.

n

i tbi l t

er

hi

lo

in

in .. poin •

G

rt

l"OC.

to

d 11 fl. . 32

rl'"

l :..a
"-• 00

,.

.oo
•

'-"

r

lo· :1,

,OV

Thr.. c

-.

r..

•

e td

·r ot

rt 1 )U lie . t 1e
o. out 5 J.i .

t

......

0

'1
l

of
0 ,,

of

ct

---

nd

•

out 6

tt .
()

•

�#275 - Sipe , L. L.

County : Rockingban
District : Stonewall,

N

Reed

LEGEND

Cove - Slo pe
Se a le - 1 11

-=~ 20

chains ·

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="1">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Rockingham County SNP Records: Court Proceedings</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="8977">
                  <text>The first series of &lt;span&gt;the SNP Records collection consists of 4,756 documents related to The State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia v. Cassandra Lawson Atkins and others, and Fifty-Two Thousand Five Hundred and Sixty-One (52,561) Acres of Land, more or less in Rockingham County, Virginia, court case initiated by the state of Virginia in order to acquire 52,561 acres of privately held land located within the northern Blue Ridge Mountains.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; The Virginia government in collaboration with the federal government, used condemnation, a process that involves the seizure of an individual's private property for public use, without the owner’s consent, but with payment of compensation, and more formally known as “eminent domain,” to create the Shenandoah National Park. The documents within the collection almost entirely refer to land located within Rockingham County, but other counties within the park’s scope followed a similar process to acquire the land. The documents are broken up into three categories: Deed Books, Miscellaneous Documents, and Condemnation Cases. This collection contains the Condemnation Cases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Rockingham County Shenandoah National Park collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I&lt;span&gt;n the 1970s and 1980s many of the individuals displaced by the park creation were interviewed in hopes of preserving their stories. To listen to those records visit, &lt;a href="https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/"&gt;https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58049">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58050">
                  <text>1925-1935</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58051">
                  <text>Snp001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58059">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/2"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Deed Books&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/3"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Miscellaneous Records&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://catalog.lib.jmu.edu/record=b2286919"&gt;Shenandoah National Park Oral History Collection&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58554">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4526"&gt; Shenandoah National Park Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5666">
                <text>Sipe, Ed - Williams, HE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5667">
                <text>sipe-l-l.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5668">
                <text>Sipe, L. L.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5669">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5670">
                <text>Location: Deep Run</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5671">
                <text>Tract(s): 275</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5672">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5673">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5674">
                <text>Pake Davis, Tristan Nelson, Liana Bayne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="457" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="411">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/ed8a4c9ec6fc40066ca015cc04c36ff5.pdf</src>
        <authentication>030455ee6e86ae1be538765a28584bcc</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="47539">
                    <text>ROCKINGHAI.: C01JNrY
NAME OF tt:l.JlDhtNat O 7NER

°· , J • H
,,-~215 - .::)l.pe

.1. •

Number of Acres: 1
Location:

One mile east of Yancey on Summer Gap Run.

Roads:

Two miles over county road to Island Ford .

Soil:

Slope .
This tract has a small amount of fue.}.wood on it and the fuelwood has been valued with the land.

History of Tract and condition of timber:

Note
This is a po:rrtion of a larger tract moGt of which
lies outside the P~rk area .
Improvements:
NONE .

Acreage and value of types:
Types

Acreage

Value per acre

Total Value

Ridge:
Slope:

1

5 . 00

Cove:
Grazing Land:
Fields Restocking:
Cultivated Land:
Orchard:
Minerals:
Value of Land: $ 5 . 00
Value of Improvements: $
Value of Orchard: $
Value of Minerals: $
Value of Fruit: $
Value of Timber: $
Value of Wood: $
Value per acre for tract: $ 5 . 00
Incidental damages arising from the taking of this tract: $ NO IB.

... ~.00

�ROCKING

,,. COUNTY

NAME OF CLAIMANT

J215Number of Acres:

- Sipe , J . H.

3

Location:

One mile east of Yance y.
This tract is partl y withi n and
partl y witho ut the Park area .

Roads:

Two miles to Islan d Ford over count y road .

Soil:

Slope .

History of Tract and condition of timber:

.i..11 merch antab le timbe r has been removed from this tract , leavi ng nothi ng excep t a small amoun
t
of fuelw ood .

Improvements:
NON .
Acreage and value of types:
Types

Acreage

Value per acre

Total Value

Ridge:
Slope:

3

c: 5 . 00

15.00

Cove:
Grazin g Land:
Fields Restoc king:
Cultiva ted Land:
Orchar d:
Minera ls:
Value of Land: $ 15 . 00
Value of Improv ements : $
Value of Orchar d: $
Value of Minera ls: $
Value of Fruit: $
Value of Timbe r: $
Value of Wood: $
Value per acre for tract: $ 5 . 00
Inciden tal damag es arising from the taking of this tract: $

NONE .

2\

�11

C

...
aaaa

(td

,:5,.1.
1•

n

11 ... o.ot oi Y n, y

IC

(

..

M

o.o
n

tar!!

()

i l

, l(j

ff

er

,

e-.. .p

•

s:

-

fl!

'.

lo

:

0

.il

!

f;.,

r oo

~

d

•

0

I ...l

i Ql,:"

.,d

. h-'-'

fu l

r

(

..

r

l'U

•

l-u

. .. lue

V

..., .

•

'f:

"·

l?

l

-0 0

u.o

t

0

t

0

't

tho
.:01 l,_

...

I

J

�county: Rockingham
District: 3tone all

#214-a
... oroage Clu.1med:

V lue Claimed:

Location:

- Yancey 2 Bernard P •
Assessed

159

,,, _,13,50C .. 00

Deed

"

1

REA :

144 A•

. :eud o f 0 .1.e pro g of Hawksbill creek and is entirely
i thin t1ie _ r i: are • Note ... This tract was completely

surveyed

nd

his acre g

Ino'l!!lbrances I counter ola,imu or 1a12s:

found .

none i-:nown.

.§2.ll:

Sandy o ay lo m of medium dept

Roads:

?l even miles to 7 lkton ovor seven miles of county road
and for miles over Spotsfoo&lt;l ':'rail .

.1d fertility •

History ot tract nd condition of timber: The oleo.red land on this
traot las b en used :t'or grazing purposes for many years.
The sa timber i~s being reooved nt the time of the
ex1m n tion and ·t us learned that a mil l us goi ng to
bo moved on this pr opert y . to sa the lumber at an early
dat. ~uelwood -- 300 cords va_ued
25a per cord - w?o.oo.
Improvements: Dwellin~: Log, 14x22', 2 rooms, shingle roof, l sto7y,
log finis, poor condition, abtlndoned, pillar found~tionno va lue---Summer oamp: ~rame, 12xl8xl0', shingle roof, fair condi tion,
no va lue --Dwellil:
g and frame l?x26', ~ rooms, kitchen 10xl2x8•,
porch x:26', meta roof, 1~ story, log finish, poor condition,
occupied byte nt, s J ring, solid foundation, basement size l8x26' ----._,250.00
Old barn: Loe, and frame 17x38:x:12', shingle roof, poor
condition
---50 . 00
1foat house: ...,r ame 10xl2x8', shingle roof, poor oonlb.00
dition ---_f n house: ...'rame, 6xl0x8' , shingle roof• poor
.oo
"
Stuble : .LOg, 12xl5xl0', shingl e roof, fair
40.00
"

--

360.00

Value of l and by t ypes:
~

Slope

Fg

.t...Orea13e

41

103
144

Totul vale of orchard
otal v lue of l a nd
Total v lue of improvements
Total value of timber
T tal value of tr ct
Average value per acre

V lue
per ucre

otul
Value
1 83 .00

3 . 00
40.00

3606.-00

'i,3728. 00 ;;
j"c./,

...... ~)(
~

0(.;

e,C)
• 0 •

,.s.-. () ~
cf7.J ").. eG
-J~-&lt;t b

1

t./1 z._o _
~

�ccunt~n

i100!·1nt~llali
t(1no uall

n1 r t:r io ti

H

.:.:!¥.t Jlo&lt;1 ,?fJ !

r::0to:n. ein4 r:i~11ai~r.

Th.1~} truct 1a partly ~1 t11in
~at of' Yo.ntHl'"•
one :mil.e
g
a\
and par t,,.r.Y ,'lf! th ..-.ut the r~l"L iu:·ae. •
...~1¼.1\?~?r!l.98~ I S~"ql\1re~ o..l~1t•.a Ot" .• ;su:.!:
Loe'l.tl.on :

.....(H, ... ,,

-

.. , @I

f!~oto:a:
11
·-..

~

I

2 r.i.U.1.m to I nland :fora cvti.t ent1:nty ·r,11a..

~:
••

;

•

\ll merohant~:ble tu,.l.10:r nnn been i"etnOVe&lt;1 t:ron1 thia traat,
1savins notllins oxoar;t ~ ~1.ll ru,iount of sl \1tood.
Tir1be:r1 tuol wood :u.1 odo. ~/"101,,'1 l'!:GW od. ...,....,,. __ ,,._ ... ,...,. '11.20

Am:Q~v~,r;t.g: nQna"

'J'otal. value

t}t

~J'OV~~irn

irotal ve1lue ot t:bnb,e r

�r==============--=====~==================--=---=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=~:::7..,
ui )8 ,

vounty : ~.ockin__;hun
::)istrict : Ctone.m ll

, , , , ~ L . Yan cey

,,,

,~o

riaz

J

.ifi'lett

L ~G""'::m
Slo pe
cu.le -

l" -

~

d1· ins

�County : oc ,:inghc1l:.!
:)istrict: 3-conem:i.ll

N

orri

rd Y ncey
l.

Yost

_.,:CG~lID
Glo _1e

... cc.:.le - 1'

~

20 c~, ins

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="1">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Rockingham County SNP Records: Court Proceedings</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="8977">
                  <text>The first series of &lt;span&gt;the SNP Records collection consists of 4,756 documents related to The State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia v. Cassandra Lawson Atkins and others, and Fifty-Two Thousand Five Hundred and Sixty-One (52,561) Acres of Land, more or less in Rockingham County, Virginia, court case initiated by the state of Virginia in order to acquire 52,561 acres of privately held land located within the northern Blue Ridge Mountains.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; The Virginia government in collaboration with the federal government, used condemnation, a process that involves the seizure of an individual's private property for public use, without the owner’s consent, but with payment of compensation, and more formally known as “eminent domain,” to create the Shenandoah National Park. The documents within the collection almost entirely refer to land located within Rockingham County, but other counties within the park’s scope followed a similar process to acquire the land. The documents are broken up into three categories: Deed Books, Miscellaneous Documents, and Condemnation Cases. This collection contains the Condemnation Cases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Rockingham County Shenandoah National Park collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I&lt;span&gt;n the 1970s and 1980s many of the individuals displaced by the park creation were interviewed in hopes of preserving their stories. To listen to those records visit, &lt;a href="https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/"&gt;https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58049">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58050">
                  <text>1925-1935</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58051">
                  <text>Snp001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58059">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/2"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Deed Books&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/3"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Miscellaneous Records&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://catalog.lib.jmu.edu/record=b2286919"&gt;Shenandoah National Park Oral History Collection&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58554">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4526"&gt; Shenandoah National Park Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5676">
                <text>Sipe, Ed - Williams, HE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5677">
                <text>sipe-j-h.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5678">
                <text>Sipe, J. H.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5679">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5680">
                <text>Location: One mile east of Yancey on Summer Gap Run</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5681">
                <text>Tract(s): 215, 215-a</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5682">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5683">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5684">
                <text>Pake Davis, Tristan Nelson, Liana Bayne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="458" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="412">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/eeba76e3995b9689eb64f97d604cdadb.pdf</src>
        <authentication>c59b9e9f1396844649892ba60c15c945</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="47540">
                    <text>ROCKINGHAM COUNTY
NAME OF CLAIMANT

#328 - Sipe , Frank
Number of Acr~s: 65
Location:

Big Run. Six miles south of Island Ford , neares t shippin g
point . intirel y within Park area a nd bounde d on all sides
by J • • Alexan der tract .

Roads:

Four and one- half miles very rough road down Big Run to County
road , one and one-ha lf miles rough county road to Island Ford .

Soil:

Shallow in slope and ridge, good depth of fertili ty in cove
type and tillabl e land . 1 few rock outcro ps in slope and ridge
tillabl e land rocky in places ; tillabl e land and cove type
History of Tract and condition of timber: (Over)
Part of tract cut over years ago ~ Thick stand of young timber
20 to 35 years old on this area . Part of tract burned over in
1930 and timber on part of slope and ridge 1·1as badly damaged .
Tinber of goo~ quality in cove and part of slope - young stand
of timber is of good quality .
Improvements:

None.
Acreage and value of types:
Types

Acreage

Ridge:

6

Value per acre

Total Value

$1. 00

$6 .00

44

@

3 . 00

132 . 00

Cove:

9

@

7 . 00

63 . 00

Grazing Land:

6

Slope:

90 . 00

15. 00

,.201. 00

65
Fields Restocking:
Cultivated Land:
Orchard:

Minerals :

62 . 50
"'p353 . 50

Value of Land: $291 . 00
Value of Improve ments: $
Value of Orchard: $
Value of Minerals : $
Value of Fruit: $
Value of Timber: $ 62 . 50
Value of Wood: $
Value per acre for tract: $ 5 . 43
Incidenta l damages arising from the taking of this tract: $ NONE .

fie _/~:

----- -.
---""-'-----=-..---"------

CLERK.

�Con t'd .
l, mod erat e slop es in slop e and ridg e type , no rt hSOIL : alm ost leveh0e
st exp ssur e.
east and nort

r.ou nty: I oclri 1 r·ham

D. stri ct: ,&gt; ·t._me -1al l

Sj.pe,. Frank

. '3.,!8

140~ 00

;Ini:mc.cl :
Vnlu o--.........

,eed (no fioe d sheo t)

~s oess ea. G8

".. cre'.1GC Clo.j.mcd :
.,,.

"

res t
Dig 'm. 6 n ile n oou th of J.:::l..,nd ::"ord nc· ~ nnd
area
shi 1 ing poin tt ent irel y with in parknde r trac t.
boun ded on all oide s by J. :_ . lcxu
Lav s: Non e known .

th of f'crt-111 ty
§.2l l: Sha llow in slop e and ridg e, good. do
• fci'1 rock outc ro n
in cov er type and till abl e lt.,nd
1
plo. ins,
in slop e and ridg e, till abl e lo.nd roc ~y l in
crt- to
rn.od
,
till able lo.nd nd cove typ e alm ont leve
rth·n
and
st
slo .es in slc. e c..nd ridg e type , notl e
,
wes t expo sure ,ig Run t o co.m ty roc..tl ,
:Roa.dn: 4' nile c vory rouc h r o·,.d c1mm
::
~.
l ;_, :mil er.; roug h co· nt1r :road t o I3lc tnd :.ror
.c: cf .rounG
orto f trr ct cut over year s a.go , thic! -: ::;t:-:·
I istory:
of
urt
1
.
timb er 20 to 35 J'eL rs old on this area
of
:.ourt
on
trac t burn ed ove r in 1930 and timb er
bor of
slo: o o.nd rid.g o was bad ly dam aged • '.1,im
g
youn
e,
good qua lity in cove and pa: t of nlop
. Ft .
Bd
O
,o
25
stan d pf t1. 1bo:r i:, of good qual :i:ty ,
t 62 . 50 .
~ ,2 . 50
4

I1n,rov0r 1ent s:
Valu e of land
Tvri e
r""z ing l and
Cove

c1 opo
Ri r;c

bx

t?ll;e S :

Valu e
Eer a.ere

...cron 5e

,:\.15 . 00

e
9

44

4.00
3:00

'

6

_.oo

65
rrotC:i.l

vnlu e of land

·' 264 . 00

Tot l v· lue of timb er

62 . 50

Tot al valu e of tr·:o t

526 . 50

vera ge valu e per acre

5 . 02

Tota l
Valu e

* ~)0.0 0

36 . 00

6.00

204. 00

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="1">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Rockingham County SNP Records: Court Proceedings</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="8977">
                  <text>The first series of &lt;span&gt;the SNP Records collection consists of 4,756 documents related to The State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia v. Cassandra Lawson Atkins and others, and Fifty-Two Thousand Five Hundred and Sixty-One (52,561) Acres of Land, more or less in Rockingham County, Virginia, court case initiated by the state of Virginia in order to acquire 52,561 acres of privately held land located within the northern Blue Ridge Mountains.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; The Virginia government in collaboration with the federal government, used condemnation, a process that involves the seizure of an individual's private property for public use, without the owner’s consent, but with payment of compensation, and more formally known as “eminent domain,” to create the Shenandoah National Park. The documents within the collection almost entirely refer to land located within Rockingham County, but other counties within the park’s scope followed a similar process to acquire the land. The documents are broken up into three categories: Deed Books, Miscellaneous Documents, and Condemnation Cases. This collection contains the Condemnation Cases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Rockingham County Shenandoah National Park collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I&lt;span&gt;n the 1970s and 1980s many of the individuals displaced by the park creation were interviewed in hopes of preserving their stories. To listen to those records visit, &lt;a href="https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/"&gt;https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58049">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58050">
                  <text>1925-1935</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58051">
                  <text>Snp001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58059">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/2"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Deed Books&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/3"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Miscellaneous Records&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://catalog.lib.jmu.edu/record=b2286919"&gt;Shenandoah National Park Oral History Collection&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58554">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4526"&gt; Shenandoah National Park Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5686">
                <text>Sipe, Ed - Williams, HE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5687">
                <text>sipe-frank.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5688">
                <text>Sipe, Frank</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5689">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5690">
                <text>Location: Big Run</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5691">
                <text>Tract(s): 328</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5692">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5693">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5694">
                <text>Pake Davis, Tristan Nelson, Liana Bayne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="459" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="413">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/87eca798ea5561b6772983cc6b4ab805.pdf</src>
        <authentication>f9421b878d6f70e87359c463322fcb1d</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="47541">
                    <text>R0CKIHGHAM CotmTY
NAME OF CLAIMANT

#349 - Sipe , Ed
Number of Acres:
Location:

6

~ntire ly within the Park area .

Deep Run .

Roads:

Soil:

kS&amp;ndy loam of a fair depth and fertil ity . The field restoc
~.
od
hardwo
of
uction
reprod
ing on this tract has a very good

r has been
History of Tract and condition of timber:. c.ll the merch antubl e saw timbe

The remain ing stand consi sts of small
remove d from this tract.
for fuelwo od .
enough
oaks and pine not large

Improvements:

34 fruit trees.

Acreage and value of types:
Types

Value per acre

Acreage

Total Value

Ridge:
Slope:

2

J5 .00

$10 .00

Cove:
Grazing Land:
Fields Restocking :

3

'=-

30 . 00

90 . 00

Cultivated Land:

1

u

10.00

10.00
$110.0 0

6

Orchard:
Minerals:
Value of Land: $ 110. 00

25 . 00

Value of Improvements: $25 . 00
Value of Orchard: $ 50. 00
Value of Minerals: $
Value of Fruit: $
Value of Timber : $
Value of Wood: $
Value per acre for tract : $ 30 • 83

Irrcidental damages arising from the taking of this tract: $ NONI!.

50 . 00
,;,il85.0 0

�~·::. ~~r£~ --{ ~~-_-________ !Coun:, Virginia, No./fJ:j , At Law.
The State C mmission on Conservatio

and Development of the State of Virginia, Peti--------- ----

tionyr, vs.___ ___________________

__ tz_J:, __q_~ _-_t ? t r £ ~- __

--- ----- - 7 - - - - - - - - - - -

---~------

!_ _ _ _

more or less, of land in _
___________ County, Virginia, Defendants.
of the State Commission on Conservation and DeThe undersigned, in answer to the peti
velopment of the State of Virginia, and in response to the notice of condemnation awarded
upon the filing of said petition and published in accordance with the order of the Circuit
Court oL./?J~_l1Jt f_f_h .!f/yj_ ____ County, Virginia, asks leave of the Court to file this
as his answer to said petition
to said notice.
My
is_,_ ft
c~
___ ~ _M ___

name

1
h-:/J4. ____

-,,-;f-___ 70___________________ _

My post office addiess is~--------f_}f._~ _L:1-f__n.________ J_~ ----------------I claim a right, title, estate or interest in a tract orf arcelf f land within the area sought
to be c~ndemned, containing abouL i!.Al}il'"S_~!/_acr~s,~ n ' hich there are the following
buildings and improvements:_~ ~ Y-½:--J.LlL ~_r__~~ff{_L________ _

;l~;s-~~~~-~~-l~~~~~~-~~~~;_-_-{l~----~---_-_:~1~~-~~~:~~~;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,-~~
theU - - - - - ~_Magisterial District of said County. 1
I claim the following right, title, estate or interest in the tract or parcel of land described above: (In this space claimant should say whether he is sole owner or joint owner,
and if joint owner give names of the joint owners. If claimant is not sole or joint owner,
he should set out exactly what right, title, estate or interest he has in or to the tract or

l:1M~d:r~ t:t£hm_2. ~ ktt-~_'&amp;T/wC-Lp

_if will ~ --~~ t- ~

-~

-f f1 T/wJ, ~~K~----------------

The land owners adj~cent to the above described tract or parcel of land are as follo,w s:
North __________ ____ __ ____ __ _______ ______ ____ _______ ____________ __________________ __
South _____ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ______ ___ __ ___ ____ ____ ____ ______ ____ ___ _______ __ ___ ____ _
East ------------ - - - -- - ----- - - ---- - --- --- --- · -------- ---- --------------------------West _____________________ ·--------------------------------------------------------! acquired my right, title, estate or interest to this property about the year __________ in the
following manner:
~
.
1

~ --1'~

~&gt;V'L -ln~...._'"'/__________ "

_in_n ~

l -

I claim that the total value of this tract or parcel of land with the improvements there
on is $f_Qj2. Q ________ _. I claim that the total value of my right, title, estate or interest,
in and to this tract or parcel of land with the improvements thereon is $1f_ P_l}__ ________ .
I am the owner of_ ___
_acres of land adjoining the above described tract or
parcel of land but lying outside the Park are a, which I claim will be damaged by the proposed condemnation of lands within the Park area, to the extent of $----------------- -·
(In the space below should be set out any additional statements or information as to
this claim which claimant desires to make; and if practicable he should also insert here a
description of the tract or parcel of land by metes and b[ nds) .
O Remarks: __A_JA~-:1.J~.L fk~
ll--~~
-MY{-1_-:J_J_ _p/-y:JJ_~ , _~
--

_f:!11~ L -

.ac:_ l-l~v£~__ _£_g__~

___ _kn 77j ·-1'-f _h

-n ~ __

1

q;-z,!f-_ __:n_fu_~_1;__J-£.-~ -~~~--~ ·~- MLaJ,_v7fv~_,___________ _
J?il·lf-~
-~ ~ ~ ~-~
---- _£~~-R/lb;,~ -___ }c ____~ ___ct]'.'.l __________ _
i(co~dut remar if hecessary on the back).
~

Witness my signature (or

j ___ _ _ __

m7 y~m: and mark attached

)7 ___re

ereto) this ___ J __________ day

_____' ---------.-~--------------

of_ __
~
STATE O ~ U N T Y OF _____ _____ __ - ~ - --, To-wit.
The undersigned hereby certifies that_ ___r ,/~.A--:: '_ ----------------------the above named claimant personally appeared~;hrm- and ma e oath that the matters
and things apP_eayng in his abov~ h: ~~~rue to the best of his knowledge and belief,

~ ~ J, l9pt.

this____ __,3-~_____ day

of_ __

/4c~'.-l~3'~ ~
Clerk of the Court, or Special Investigator or
Notary Public, or Justice of the Peace.
NOTARY PUBLIC
My Commi~qlnn rv - • -r 7, 1931

�'-

County:
1str1ct:

#

lU

Claimed:

Location:

"

1000.

Deep Ihm.

T'.ntirely

6 - 0 -24

Deed

"'G0.00

"

Non

--2..U:.:

S 1dy lonm of a fair de th and fertility.
av ry aood r&amp;produotion or hardwoods.

~h

rchantable aw ti her has been removod from this troct.
ll the
remaining tend conoists of small oaks and ryine not large enough
for fuel ood.
:A fru1 t tr et'l

~e
Slope
TU.lable

Field reatock1ne

"'b0.00

Value
8 "' acre

Total

3.00

6.00
25.00

6.00

18.00

5

Total Talue

"
"

1921

~- H. on t his traot hes

Value ot land by tY,p

"

750.00

known

Imrirovements:

"

. '6.24

1th1n the Park area..

Laps:

"Ristory:

Stonewall

:d 11pe

G A.24pAssessed

Acreage Cleirned:
V

349

Hockinghom

:9.00

or

lend

49.00

"

Improve ants

50.00

"

verage per ere

tract

Vnlue

99.00

16.50

�V

'--County: .Jocl:inch rn
District: Stone ,all

N

Slope - il able
estoc·:L1
Sc· le - l" - ~ ch·1ins

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="1">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Rockingham County SNP Records: Court Proceedings</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="8977">
                  <text>The first series of &lt;span&gt;the SNP Records collection consists of 4,756 documents related to The State Commission on Conservation and Development of the State of Virginia v. Cassandra Lawson Atkins and others, and Fifty-Two Thousand Five Hundred and Sixty-One (52,561) Acres of Land, more or less in Rockingham County, Virginia, court case initiated by the state of Virginia in order to acquire 52,561 acres of privately held land located within the northern Blue Ridge Mountains.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; The Virginia government in collaboration with the federal government, used condemnation, a process that involves the seizure of an individual's private property for public use, without the owner’s consent, but with payment of compensation, and more formally known as “eminent domain,” to create the Shenandoah National Park. The documents within the collection almost entirely refer to land located within Rockingham County, but other counties within the park’s scope followed a similar process to acquire the land. The documents are broken up into three categories: Deed Books, Miscellaneous Documents, and Condemnation Cases. This collection contains the Condemnation Cases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Rockingham County Shenandoah National Park collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I&lt;span&gt;n the 1970s and 1980s many of the individuals displaced by the park creation were interviewed in hopes of preserving their stories. To listen to those records visit, &lt;a href="https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/"&gt;https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58049">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58050">
                  <text>1925-1935</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58051">
                  <text>Snp001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58059">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/2"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Deed Books&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/3"&gt;Rockingham County SNP Records: Miscellaneous Records&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://catalog.lib.jmu.edu/record=b2286919"&gt;Shenandoah National Park Oral History Collection&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58554">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4526"&gt; Shenandoah National Park Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5696">
                <text>Sipe, Ed - Williams, HE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5697">
                <text>sipe-ed.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5698">
                <text>Sipe, Ed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5699">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5700">
                <text>Location: Deep Run</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5701">
                <text>Tract(s): 349</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5702">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5703">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5704">
                <text>Pake Davis, Tristan Nelson, Liana Bayne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2921" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2736">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/32b13267f3f77d948ec54810e879aa82.pdf</src>
        <authentication>b7fb013d09f9bb2dc5ac9a13899d366a</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48161">
                    <text>CO VI1.10H

1
......

AL'rH ElF VL. GI HIA ,

COUN1Y OF ROCKINGH .i , to-wit:

In t he Circuit Court ot s aidC ounty:

an

'.L'he j urors of the Commonweal th

an d for the

body of said County of Rock i ngham , and now atte ndi ng sa id
up on thei r re ths

Court a t its April t erm , 19 23 ,

tlo

pr esent

t hat S . E . Sipe on ' or ahout t he 21st day of Ha rc h , 1 923 ,
i n t he SE. id Coun ty , di
"E . J . Dill ard ,

w.

unlawful ly hind er

'.l.1. Re~ro cie ,

s.

nd. obstru ct of i icers

F . Hewman , and C . D .

armed wi th a search warr ant to sear ch the

' uLc , while

1r ernises of' t he s &amp;i d

S • .E • ..;ipe f or a,rden t spirits, b y b a rr i c a di ng a door to t h e room

wher e ard en t s pirits was s tor ed and b~ break i ng a bout twelve
one - ha l f ga llon jars , and

') 118

~~ ~

five - gallon j u g , t h erebf

"

d es tro y i ng t he a rden t s pirits co u t a :il:r: ed therein ar.id t h r owi ng
t he sa e out of t he w in dow of mid room to the grouu-· , aga i 1st
t he pea ce aTld d i gn it y of the Co rr onwe al th of Vi rgi n i a .

his i ndi c t r:ie 1 t is f oun
.:.'.! . J . Dillard ,

w.

"I' . :l01ceo-d. e , S .

P . Newman ,

on t he t est i oon, of
nd '--9, J.J, Fttlk.,

wi t nesses sworn in cou r t a nd sent beforethe g r an d. j ury to
gi ve ev · d ence .

�.s --1~

c::.

Vi ol ? ro .ii. ct

Commo n wee.lt h

~

v.
S . E . S i_pe

A Misd erna an or

A

~,
.&amp;~ -~

w ,.

'l'r ue Hi l l

£L.dz-:9il4,

.H' o r ernR.n
0

~

il

i

D • W• E a r rnan ,

Commonwe alth's Attor ne y .

l-1

�St!tte of Virgin a ; Rock i Hgham County , to• it ;
1' -i 3 rlay c , •ne be for ~ the unclersigned B3.i l C1:H~_rrJ issiofler

1

J .'f;. ~

for Rockil ham Count.,r
h

jo ntly and sc rerall

M.0--4 ~ 1,t,.. ~

Y-

ach.-no rledg d t em"3P- lv~s ind bted to t e

vv
Cormnonvrealth. of ri rg nia in the sum of $ /tf7!7J - '-ev · ab lt'?

f th ir

ve t he i :::- home tead exemptio

ariei 1g to

co pons

eta che

doll? a ,

oods anr1 chattel. , 1~,nas an&lt;" t~nd1111?nte for the us ,

o f the Commonwealt h rendere , "'n'i

it

--- - - -

9.-"

an

to t. . e pa rment o f ,vhich t ey each
any :right to discharge

hie eo:r'l."l'\Onvve a lth of Vi r.g inii:i

fi~st just ified as to

s u f i cienc r , un

.•.:./1'

liab11 ..

n er t h is reco gniz nee b

b onde of this State , t e aai . surety 18~ing

t~~

f ro

n

r oath •

S C 1::D '11 ION , that i f the s aid
shall i:ippe ar b fore th':! Circuit Court of

ocking am '"'ount

o • c 1 oc . on
answe
of

1•

h.1.ch

~

o c1

t he f irst d, y of the next term thereof, at t n

h P. r1ornine of e a i

e C . o w ~alt}
1e

st ands charg

f

ri

day , :;i.t .. Ia r r i son )Urg • Virgini '.1 , to
i

c t ce

, .&lt;tnd shall not

a c rta n

i

epar

tnerefro;,1

i th.out

leave of said Court , the n thi~ o l L,;., atio:n to 'be ..;oid , other ise of

fu l force and virtue .
Given m &lt;i.~ " · m

h an&lt;l a.

c-

i l Commi ~E!io~

r

h is £/

a

B . C.

r

��-

��J

i
,;

'

f .

~

#1~

/ 9

:2---3

I
It

~
rl

S.E.SIPE

..

'

Ii

ii

•j

~

~
~I

1
I

e_d s

#2

. COMMONWEALTH

~.
•

'I

tI

. l

!
;

•

I

-~

Ir

Indiotment for a
W.edemeanor

'-•

�./J.1:l

,
I

,: 'l
r

I
I

L

e

I

t

I

!

I
t
1

l

L
'

'

r

t

.

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32684">
                <text>Comonwealth v. S.E. Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32685">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Not Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32686">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32687">
                <text>not guilty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32688">
                <text>search warrant</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32689">
                <text>destruction of evidence</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32690">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32691">
                <text>1923</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32692">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32693">
                <text>RcPr-box3-045</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32694">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32695">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32696">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2922" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2737">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/051cf1cb25d5c9e86ff6bf5d508a1cb0.pdf</src>
        <authentication>fa0065ed8c59edc183af588064889ad9</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48162">
                    <text>COI,IMO WEAi,TH

F VIRG I JIA. ,
COU H'l'Y Oll' ROCKI11GHA M, to-w i t:

I n t he Circ ui t Cour t of s id Coun t y :

'l: h •e gr and

•-.-I.

juro rs in and for t he b ody of said

Cour t a t its
Coun ty of Roc kingh am and now a t 1 e nd i ng s aid
t t hat s . E .
~¥r i l t er m,1 923 , u ~on thei r oath s , do p r esen
i ng of t hi s
Sipe with in one yea r n e x t prio r to t}rn find

, di d
incli ct111en t , in t he said Coun ty of Ro e .ingh am
stor e and
unla wful ly manu ia ctu.r e , sel l , offe r , ke ep ,
ense , so l icit ,
e*p ose for sale , give awa y , trm1 spor t , disp
i ts, aga i ns t
a dver tise and re c eive orde rs fo r arde 1t spir
Vi r gini a .
t he p eace arid d. i gni ty of the Cornmomveal th of
r.i.1 his indi c~ e11t is foun d on t11e t e sti 1ony
of C •

• "" u l k , B . J .

illa rd , S •

wi t nes se s swor n i n cour t a
g ive ev i d ence .

• l ewr.i&amp;n , a nd

J;;;

'i'. RAJ

•

1 is,

sent b e1'o re t he gran d j nr y to

�r

Viol • .Pro . Act

Commonwe a l th

J

v.
C:

..., •

V

.LJ .

u0 1• pe

.,-1.

d i sd ~ !!1e an or

A

'I'r ue B ill
l

.

1

~

l

i

+:,

~

0
,...

--i
~

~

D . W• l~ rroa,n ,

Commonwea lth · s Att orne y .

I

�N ews-R ecord,

Harri1&lt;&gt;nbu1v, Va.

th of Virginia:
In the Na me of the Co mm onw eal To the Sher iff of Roc king ham

Cou nty , Gree ting :

,1no n.
You cire here by con ima n de d to sum

nty, n t the Cou rt
Uircu,it Coii rt of Roc lcin ghm n Cou
t o a,pp ear befo re t h e Jud J!e of the
19 1:&lt;. ~
.
.. . /.~ . ~ ....... drt y of . ~
H ozis e, at 10 o'clo clc, ci.m ., on the
re the Gra nd Jur y
behn lf of t h e Uon uno nwealth befo
to test ify and the trut h to say in
~

. .L ..e. . ~

......... .. ····· · ···· · ·lto.\·

alty of £ 1 00 . .lf.nd have then
-·· ...... .sh a ll not omi t und er the pen
Cou rt Hou se, t he
l'lerlc of our snid Coiu ·t , at the
Wit ness , J. F. BL.l:l CKB URN ,
y ear of the Com mon wea lth.
., 19-J l,3, and in the 14 ..

a n:; ~,~ :~:i s ~

7.

··· ··· ·. ··711:~ ~ ... . .,

Ckr k .

�'+ ~ ·,

�the said ____ _______ ____ ___
and infor mati on on oalh
---------- ----------------- -- ----- has this day made comp laint
-········-----:-- ----, a Justi ce of the P eace of said.~
d
that arden t spiri ts arc being manu factu red or store
that he has cause to believe and does belie ve
gs,
lavv, in a certa in dwel ling hous e or outbu ildin
for sale, barter, gift, or use, in viola tion of
. .and in the County of Rockingham, Virginia,
~..
.. of......,
situate in the ..

~

~

__ __ -------- -------- --- ·
and occu pied by __ ______ ______________ __ ___ ___ :__ ______ __ _____ __ _
monw ealth of Virgi nia to comm and you forth
the
Thes e are, ther efore , in the name of 1e Com
and
same
the
and their conta iners , and bring
with to searc h said build ings for arden t "rits
___ _____ ___
befor e m e or some other Justi ce of the said ____ _
perso n in whos e posse ssion they are foun d
er dealt with a ccord ing to law.
to answ er the said comp laint and to be furth

Given unde r my hand this

~/

;,iy oL ,/)2

~

:
'

17h :

192.~,

(SEA L)

Justi ce of the Peace.

.

�-~---

_..._______

____

~

-

-

.

�In the Name of the Commonwealt h of Virginia:
To the Sheriff o f Rockingham County, Greeting:

to apper~r~ef'ore the ~u,d_g~ of' the Circu,it Cou,rt ~lcin_gh.w n Coiinty, at the Cou,r t
Hoiise the1eof, cit 10 o clock, a . m ., on the . . ...... c:2- ...... ... .clay of ....
.19 .. k .;-3

a?J7- I

to testify and the trnth to say in behalf' of' the Conunonwealth agninst............... ........ .
. ... .... ... ............ .

«e2 ~
.......

who stands charjfed with and indicted f'or a f'elony 111,iscle,nennor .
.11.ncl this . ...~ .....shall not omit iincler the penalty of' £100 . .11.ncl have then
ancl there this Wri t .

~

-ah,

0

:l"ttz::;:::::;:~w;;::::

,·.··J··········F··~···· .B.. L.·1•··~
1. ·C·Ii
...(B.. R .N', Clerk of'
1
( j , 191?.'2, and

"5
. .. ~ ~
·t lyes s

News- Record, Harri~onburg, Va .

U
.
.

our saicl Coiirt, at the Conrt House, the

u

��I

I

,_,,..."""-IU

j

. E~ f . !t~ ~l
i u,1- jr:(; f i t.

t/

r.

����S.E.SIPE
eds

#

Indictment for
Misdemeanor

1

COMMON\VEALTH

j
I

•

'.

i

i

1
,,A

. . r.I

I
I

i.

!

8

�\

~

i
t

... .

...

-

· 4 ....._

,·

.

I

-

.-

.

--~~

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32697">
                <text>Comonwealth v. S.E. Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32698">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32699">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32700">
                <text>guilty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32701">
                <text>Search Warrant</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32702">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32703">
                <text>1923</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32704">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32705">
                <text>RcPr-box3-046</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32706">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32707">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32708">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2989" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2804">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/b3dfa63b0adc30768c1160e5590315b0.pdf</src>
        <authentication>6cc0c8ea77b9718a314bdd6312f8a1fa</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48229">
                    <text>COMMOm 1!.ALT R OP VIR I IA, ,

cou T~'

o1

....

cc I mHA ,I, to-wit:

I n the Circ uit Court of said Count :
The grand jurors i n and fo r the body of said County of Rockingharr.

nd now at tending said Court at its June t erm , 1924 , upo n their oaths

do present that Rob ert Sipe, within one y ear next prior to th e finding
of this indictment, in th e said County of Rock·ng ham, did unlawfully
manufac tu.re, sell , offer, kee11 , store o.nd ex ose for sale , give away,
transport, d is~ense, solicit, advertise bnd rec eive orders for

rdent

I

spirits, agai ns t the peace tl.lld dienity of the Commonweal h of Virginia.
The
sent that

·uro r s afore said upo n their oaths aforesaid do further

obert Si e, within one year nex t

r i or to the finding o f this

indictment , i n the said Co unty of Rockingham, did w1lawftil l
ossession

re -

have in his

rdent spirits, a gain st the peace and dignity of the C unon-

weal t n of Virginia.
And the juror s aforesaid upon their oaths aforesaid do furt he r
pres ent that Robert Sipe, within one year ne:xt prior to

he fi nding of

this indict r.ient, in the said County of Rockingham, did unlawfu.lly receive arden t s irits , aga inst the

ie ac e a nd dignity of the Co monwealth

of Virgi n i ' •
1 -

th e jL1rors af'oresa id u on their oaths afor esaid do fu.rther

pre ent that Ro ert Si pe, within one ~e e r next

rior to the f ind ing of

, t his indict ment, in the s a id Comty of Roc kingha m, did unlawful ly have
i n hd.s

osses ion a st ill , still cap, worm , tub, fer . enter , and other

appli noes connected with and u.sed i n the oper ation of a
having the same registered as re uired b , l a w, again t the
d ignity of the Co

gran

eace and

onwealth of Virginia. .

'l'his ind ictm nt is found on th e t e otimo n

• Dove , and W.

till, without

'I' . ..

exrode, witne se

jt1r y to g ive evide1ce .

of J olm S .

sworn i n Co urt

unk, C •

nc.. sent b ef ore the

�Viol Pro iJ.C t
(Un l &amp;Wi'll=!- possessi on o f stil l )

C0llM0HV/EAL ':eH
V

ROBERT SI .PE

A I.U s demeanor
{I..

'ni e Bi ll :

Jlw,; , de

(/

I

D . v~ . Earman
Commonw ealth ' s Atto rn ey

�In the Name of the Common wealth of Virginia:
To the Sheriff of Rockingham County, Greeting:

You- cffe h ereby comm,andec l to sum,1non ..

..... J.ohn ... S.i:u.nk.,.C•.Yi." :Pov.~.,.J i! ..T.•.R~.~r..9.&lt;l.~.

to ctppectr before the Judge of the Circuit Court of Rockin_ffhct m County, at the Cou,r t
House thereof, at 10 o'clock, ct. m ., on the.
1-.§.1'-P:.... . clay of.
June ..... ... 19?.4 ..,

to testify ancl the truth to say in behalf of' t h e C01nnionwe alth before the Grcincl Jury

who stnnds char_ffecl with and indicted f or a, f'elony misdemean or .
.11.nd this ..... .....t.he..Y ....... ... .shall not omit under the penalty of£ 100. .11.nd hctve then
ancl there this Writ.
Witness, J. F . BL.11.CKBUR.N", Clerk of our snid Cou,rt, at the Cou,rt House, the

11 .. ..clny of

.. .. June

, 1924..., a,nd in the 14 8 ... th year of the Commonwe alth.

···········f :···3._· _··':.. ~ . ~ c . d ~ !,
New.~•Record , Ho rri~onbur~. Vo.

Clerk.

�Com.
VS

Robert Sipe

Grand Jury

�Indi ctme nt for a Misd r .
(Pro hibi tion }

ads

~

,
l

COMMO:NWEAL2.1H
'I-

,
0

,

-

f:_,1,_ -~

i

J?t.-:;jf -t

(

dt

\ac-t.~

/t

L / l •I

/. )(
I I b-::

t l. ).

l

;1: r
f

/2t.(!1,-4-C.l

·/ C , tJ
.,.,,,

fl-.'--

!;

~z.;:11·
~µ1. ,e,.( c

l l't'l i

~-'-

I

I)

I

Jy

·--b I-/

!

C

'

..'

C _(.)
t'.&gt;I
~

V

(

(1

•• t

~,~

I

I

,.

I

I,

~

T

111 ,·(

,r

1

Lt

II

I

l li
A

�,
'

L....

,...

.

.....

&lt;

~

'

I

1

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33494">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Robert Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33495">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33496">
                <text>MIsdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33497">
                <text>Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33498">
                <text>posession of still</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33499">
                <text>Still</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33500">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33501">
                <text>1924</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33502">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33503">
                <text>RcPr-box4-050</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33504">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33505">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33506">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3065" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2880">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/bf62e9ff23de96ed44236c9eeae7ab52.pdf</src>
        <authentication>1cad4ecca691c77720741aa73407599c</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48305">
                    <text>COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, to-wit:
In the Circui t Court of said County~
The grand juror~ in and for the body of said county of Rocki ngham and now attendi ng said Court a..t its Februa ry term, 1926,
upon .t heir oaths do presen t that Robert Sipe, who was hereto fore
on the 16th day of June, 1924, convic ted of violati ng the ?rohibition laws of the Commo nwealth of Virgin ia, in the Circui t Court
of Rockin gham County , Virgin ia, and who then .and there was sentenc ed
to J)ay a .fine of two hundred fifty dollar s and to serve for a period
of five months in jail, did, within one year next prior to the finding of this indictm ent, in the said cour1ty of Rocking ham, unlawf ully
and felonio usly manufa cture, sell, offer, keep, store and expose
f or sale, give away , dispen se, transp ort, solici t, advert ise a nd
receive orders for ardent spirits , agains t the peace and dignity
of -the Commonweal th of Virgin ia.
The jurors afores aid upon their oaths aforesa id do furthe r
presen t that Robert Sipe, who was hereto fore on the 16th day of
June, 1924, convic ted of violat ing the Prohib ition laws of the Commonwea lth of irginia , in the Circui t Cou~t of Rockingha.qi County ,
ir ginia, and who then and there was senyenc ed to pay a fine of
two hundred fifty dollar s ar~ to serve for a period of five months
in jail, did, within one year next _prior to the finding of this
indictm ent, in the said county of Rocking ham, unlawf ully and felonious l y have in his po ~sessio n ardent s pirits, aga inst the peace
and dignity of the Commonwealth of Virgin ia.
And the jurors afores aid upon their oaths afores aid do furthe r
presen t that Robert Sipe, who was hereto fore on the 16th day of
June, 1924, convic ted of violati ng the Prohib it ion laws of the Commonwe a lth of Virgin ia, and who then and there was sentenc ed to pay
a fine of two hundred fifty dollar s and to serve for a period of
five months in jail, did, within one year next prior to the finding

�l

j

I
!

l

n ri

�of this indictment, in the said county of Roc kingham, unlawfully
and feloniousl y receive ardent s p irits, a gainst the peace ar:d
dignity of t he Commonwealth of Virginia.

This indictment is found on the testimony of

J. 1 . Lam, and

w.

s.

F. Newman,·V

T. Rexrode~ witne ~ses s worn in court and sent

be f ore the grand jllry to g ive evidence.

�,._

Viol Pro Act - 2nd offense

Comqionwealth
v) Ind io tmen t
Robert Sipe

February term, 1926

A True Bill:

,t. w. Earman
Commonwealth's Attorney

�Felo~

~

t,

I•

~

i

.

,j

. !l

•

ij

(

BOBB! SIP.B .

Ai&gt;s: -- , - .- ~
-

·

...

'

.....

!#

;

~

'

.

'

f
I

f

Il
~

'

t
ff

I

/

(.

•

ff

•i

l
•

-. t

•

l1

.1
/,
1

.'

.

~

I

,'

:f,:l. 75

Pro.

FEB

f

I

,

//

~

•

- 1934

,-)
-

�.'

.....

~

,

•

'·
,·

.

/

/

l

I
.

~

t.

•

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34389">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Robert Sipe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34390">
                <text>Felony; Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34391">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="34392">
                <text>guilty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="34393">
                <text>indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34394">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34395">
                <text>1926</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34396">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34397">
                <text>RcPr-box6-011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34398">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34399">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34400">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>Sipe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
