110 20 4768 https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_010_307-commonwealth-v-p-martz-and-l-holinger.pdf 35d00d98c539a09be2f18df01c6b22c8 PDF Text Text In the Name of the Commonwealth of Virginia: 'l'et lhe ~huilf ut k1w-ltln1hnm Cvuu1y. c;,-ce,tn.111 lo op11~<11• 1,1'/(irr Uu .Tt6dft (If th~ l'tl"fl-li' C'.o.JA.rt 01 lkekrnflvrn, llMllf1 O~rl'nf, t..J../ •1/ ~ 'u'.:;2::(/ ~;,,m:o,,•;:;;. ~~t l01;'(Jl~l1•, t,, ,,. ti f.q ""'' i;,- I ru I ft. ,n.., 1111/Iv ,My / •'Ind, f}1f4 --<f ~ ~1,nll ""' J[) J-/ cm~il ,uufr.r m h«tr:mr,ut(J-,,. 11111 pt,1rnlt11 .,, .)..'JIJlj. .Int'/ /1111·~ 11,,,. 1/0.1 U"r11 IVJ'.J,i_..~,.J, ~OU/SRI ",/oy•f nl lhe. l'u11rl "JI, ",..I of ••• wh,111trmd.1rl,,er_te.J •~rth r111,1i,,,U,.(t,l fur 4 fel~llf/ ,,._,.,t '""~ C~ltntu, S II 'J 1'Z P.Ji, ('Ip-A. l!~o•d <>/otu· ~••M l'tu1r¢, n-i 111,il'uurl llt1,~bl'. 1111· ·•.!¥ ,sg \Mr.fl,'. c .... ,,,.,,.,..,.,,, , /C, ~/ ~ ± . c1-,1,. �• ... �In the ome o-f the Commoowcah-h of Virgluiu: 'l'o lM Sb('rifl ol Ruckin.gbam td1,1 ofoiWl~ r/u11•fed, ,, jtlt ,wil ../ttd lhta (tml tl1-'n '1 ~{ I mliN, t1 f,,,.11f tlqqy kllflll ,wt (llf~i't (111-flrr c-1ilf• Ct«til'lll1 ~'"''":mr'r:"' o,~11rn111t11or:.f:JtJ()_ .11111/illt'(' 11,~•n, (]111 W'r1t, ~¼:--'"· J. RfJPJt'/.'J u, ~r ~ (., SWITZER, .../", • ff J!l? ,~1,,1.. ofour.,,M l,m(}. u/ 11,t Owr/ /lc,tt1r* ~,"'t ,-.A/'~1.;5':_1~ , of ,, y~ t/1~.c i/,.,. '"'",.."' ~,lllt / ~ • .....__ , l7,rk, �3,tocuted Jtf-.n ;.5± 1~2:c-1, ~ deli vt"r1 nc a true cor,y of ti.e ·•1thin a.1.C1:.:2.onds 111 pereon to eacJ-. re w,~Tet1d to WlzlJle1,i \lluebu.,.d) • .;ariha lU1<glei:t&n to Pete k113£l""-"" (llusbr.n<I • ~ :>uo y for ~a•(.&Uu ~.R . .i&•lev. S.h C. "{~ i _).. \') . 3~'l;, ~. ~i •.• ' • ·--~~ <>-.. ~ J t �ame of I he Common wen Ith of Virgin in: In the Tc:, ,be Sbt<1Ill ot Rndtli11ll111111 C<,1uu)'. Gl'C'ctinci )j1>14orl JM,.,-.by M,,.,,, J~:nu.d'-<, M. t5>ra~.,, ✓~~ - ---,ndJl'tl «> •wum ~ 7< ~--- <:I(, ,..... ... {hern>f. ~,t t()(J'<•ffk.k. t,1 /hf; fu a.n.dU1,,-. I r11 I I, to •tty _..,.,, "Ir I -- il I/It ""·· 11,r (°(,"r1 of l:,,f'f..iltfh.«m /{D .d ;1,,,, tJt t n he.hall ol tlut CU,rm1<,1mwol1h r , 1Hlk eh.nrJt,,1 ljjit/1 (rn,l 1tttUclt'1I fur a f ~!(),,JI , l,ul t/tif -;t' ,( ~ ;,"7 A ll111A$l: 11 / 1,, .,.,, ~ t..,~~ l•J tt-JIJJf'ltf' f>t.j(,rl', tlui ,lu.il§l! tJf the 01rNtit l4 ? ,. / -/ (),_""'ti• ,~t r· ~ ••lniMI ui brl('m11,uirn: .. ~ltti/1 ,,,,, omi1' l4114l,r ihr pf',r,1l ty of J! JOO. . Ir,,/ lttu·t /lint 011d tl,,rf! 4Ju1 JJ"rH l~'"itn<-!I. J.10/IJ:.Jlf ,to, o; . Q H,.,_ SWl1'ZJtl.', HI l'lrrJ.• of our ,,ut ~ t1ffd i,t tJu ~ §_ '/,~+ lfl'J/. rQ u.t t};r C"1•rl ~«ro/ IA, t' m ~ J J), 111:r. 111,. u:f"fllt#. , C/,rA �.~ec1.1ted Jh:. !!>th Ig2'i, r:ydeliverlng a true copy· of tt.e wl tin 1. au.:......onde in pereort to ••c.h, ~ :, F&w.L~y-, Fr..,nr P:a.r."le, :t..01lae Llt.ten, S.C.Heltz.el,S.P tJew-~n, a.ary S111Wlette, Sarah Giw....ere, and Ch•rles Siu.mer•• on Phone,Geor~• Yulk by dtl1vor1ng Geor-a• :l'\;.lk a.t, hie ueualr@ae,: a true copy ,o llr• of u.liode, J!/:~fflk CR i'awley, ~- J t ,t ~ r [1 ~ ll',:p~y for s R c. ,, ~ 'la • ~J__ ' :,. 1" �CoMllO~WL\Lrn l nF ,---,RGISIA 't'o WJT: R\1c."l.:1s,a1, ,, C-OLXTY. To ----, Whereas. alt.- ~ ~-4, .wt;ff, ....+«'i Ccmstnbli•of i;1111I('ounly; /f: lX./.{_, ,Q+,..,., .()f I.he said Counl), Im~I.hisdo) m.1dl' complain1 ;ind inform:r1N>non ooth bdorl! me.. ...'-... .. f ...,,. , ~ tholl~.,_}'f..,:; (I r j.._,,1:)}t-. 9 Juslice of &be~kl County. J ,,/!i::h./-// d:.y of ~-, 192-¥, iu thc sNd County. ,lid -~~ 0-t,u, ~~• f;;<J ',.,.,,,,/ u,,1,.,;.,..f<t,1t...,._.,,,,.:..,~ of 1bc said Coul)I\, on the ~,'..,.,/r F ~ wc:J.~-?~~ d d;.,,..:h:.., ~~._._._~ ... !J L~....... .~ ..a., 4,.,,,,,,,,,,~J ~'_J /. - i/ Tiicsc are lbertlore. ig dw malll\.' ul the Commoo\\t.'Q.Jtb of \'if!!i.4.ia..t(t comm:md !~OUfo1tb~ ilb 10 llpr•ril" hl·m.l ::u:iJbrinq: before me. or :~1-)lia :,<>l''-' ot..bc.rJustice of 1l1t.tS'.J.iJ. Counr,>,.~~ body of r ,,,,.,,o( , ,,.J ILt..w..- __ ,-d to unswer 1hc uitl C<nnph1in1 to be Cunher 1h.--:,11 flh according-/411,w. lhf" !l:tid And you iir\! ,cquited 10 sum• mon- 10oppe:,ruml ~i\"e cYideoce in bclulC of 1..hc Comm,,nw~:1lth,on the C!C,uninatiootouch,nir the :midoffc:nc.,~. Given untlcr nly haod nnd ~cul IILiS / f day of-AJ- -b'.,-- --;,J...,..., l 1, Jtt!/;., ~ , in 11h~yt'1!r 1,..J- • .~ 4 L~mrdJ.P. (Senll �I' •!IU-.-.:idJJa ,.. t An·r .. , \\·arrant • f).(Ullf"J d11auhi, u!l,I lld1vcr1,qt f~• f""j \o ,,,- .. "I ,u ,,,, """"" !If �• '• • - a..,._.,.( v),rl.,..p, /Jt,,,/iv' I v~ I 14-.-/4.., • • • • • ....,..,.r,Ao•Ir! .J••l~ll!t\11• 'fi,\. Y 1 0 • • ��..c~~:o = T I IA, 0" ,)l t. I 11' ta-,it: 'ICI it .. •Y~rt 0 .,., -~. < .., -~-- r ,u n 1 t 0 t 0 l V1 1 >l .✓ . 0 r ll, • • - r o .l •• r • r 1 ·-• 0 t 1 0 ✓,- , -.= ,_(2,. -- • -· • • 0 I V •V '.". V I • �• • \ \ ... • ·l .. ., " • ,. 0 • lli, • .. J·' \ -, I ~ ' �COJIIID:irll•r.m '19lo1111(&blutSoa) TS, l'anOD Karts I.lln7 lolaillgV �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Paxton Martz and Lurty Holinger Description An account of the resource Defendants charged with felony abduction. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Abduction Abduction Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_010_307 Holinger Martz Simmers https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_003_038-commonwealth-v-paul-rinehart.pdf 56e4c5f7191df015994e61464f887994 PDF Text Text fl ' . ,., . ' H ~in To Joh:1 < -.. • f!. ~-j_~ 0 <, -f~, o.•. : h-.. , ..... ,, w: ! -; ..,t,C. -~·- . -- ) • ,j .J , ,... , ..) Po~r,e "v ,, ,..,~ J. ,.:; .I.>n•.. 1 l, vv ·--~c. e l~,..,. .,_ _._ , v ~ '""'--- P..:.•• o:rn.::'t ... -, ·;clJ .:, i C ....0 J.• ") ~ "',,, o·· . .Jf ~ ' ,, _ .,_ ...... . . _., r .• C:." r 0. :.o L. J o: I• -- ; Har·· s e L • _.. ..,. o .... : l..,,....... _ _i < • , .-.,rIV • ,- r .,.,. :::aic.. ,oou ::;:·oa::;c1 o:f ,... ......., ... "'\ i. :r..o·.,. ..:, ( the . 1. J ·Llic ~--; .......... · _;"'\ ....1.c . e ....~ l.LGLL..:. -"-''-J..:. tc ) '"I .•. e , l AJ.2.G .,P_ 1• r. \.,. V �I • • �• ' . r . / ,. ' �• r • �1 T':e Court conviction ins ',rt'!.ctstl1e t1', t every of Pa 1 l E .Rliinehart beyon-:S..every reasonable to the the instructs law to be innocent ,eal th bey(rncl every i ty of guilt, lished clearly '30 contr.aTY the o.- th to the Com.1Tionweal th o.: ~ver-:r exc1usion 1• rpothe- u til his · a. ir <,;.,c proven ,.ere dou t. of all presrnned undr '/' by t:1e Cm· .onsuspicion, suf'ficie:nt. ..e every 1-uon crnsideration t:. p1 il t is s-',rong, is not as to exel 11 t:1at jury rec conabl however essential :Lnnoce:1ce. 2 The Court fact must be proven doubt, nn wi t·1 his consistent sis jury l reasonable or pro a ....il- G ilft rust b estab- hypothesis to the the evidence. l.ll T~1e Gou.rt i .st:r1:.ct evi en and beyond to C.l); .Jordan I t·. ,!• The Court r .f; froI!l. l!1us fli.rther w en he sold i eased, corrrupted aid Jordan, that jtT~' reasonable t find unless doubt v·a the and. b-yond sain. nf'at t~~at the me t :.en sold not j1.a>y that every guilty • 1.mless 1,:,e:· fti.rther reasonable to 8aiQ Jordan or unwhole- doubt tllat sai<t" knew t 1 1at the same or un hole some meat and conceale then must find e from t:_ 7./ they belie cliseE.sed, corrupted Bflid Pl i: ehart instructs from t:1e evidence Hhinehart 0 by Pa"...i.lE .Rhinehart some meat tl:en believe every t? • tld Raid Fi:ine ~.a.rt not g· il ty. ~ :fact �' . �V Court The from the evidence meat to the Ri1i:1e: art ~.cOl u:.ich sai ft1I'tl1er t·1at Jord the 11 instructs said in.:0:-JL 1'" ..new abou"'- ~:1e condition it uas ta:cen, th n t·, Rhi the jurYi_ t:.at ·1art w .e.1 ·1.:; t.~1e saicl Jordan of the if s0ld o:f. all they belie t"1e sain ·the saict meat ,and the , s11 :..1 i:'.i..nd t::e st,id said steer J llinc· art not re �' . ��f • .9f1Vk-p J/;;~!!~ 'rfJ,Ji, =J= L r~ a, °'1'-'~CJ/;~ ~ ~"-~ ,,,,._, ~.(9.,,,__ LL.,1,~~ It ,.,_. ,,,._, ,,-,,,,,, ,,_,_,_j,'4 I~ (n,<,,,,_J& ~ F_ . • "f,,..,.. L ,.,,,,t~ 1= ,JI 11"1p_, =--' ,.,,....-nu.._ r [,~------ _____________________ ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Paul Rinehart Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with misdemeanor sale of diseased meat. Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Sale of Diseased Meat Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_003_038 Jordan Rinehart https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_008_260-commonwealth-v-paul-piner-and-coldie-arey.pdf 2d3cc6999cb5f16ad4b9529820c92331 PDF Text Text • r.t...n.c.ju.ro.rs ib.e in un'l for 01 R~~~111-tbam. nrt~ no~ atten~ing te.r~. 19~~. upon their oaths Ccldie i=Lra;-, on or about I 11 tne s,,ld lu jrJ John•· poiu\ ~iver. &rris. ,.bout between O~~ober f~al Plu&r ond th~t Se;, te::iber 01 :tll;;, d;n1u,1 tc- d..ld unlawl two hun4,rcd the • lSi.!~, ;ar4" belo~ Bluo £:!. SlJ,J aitd 5uov• Ruleign SpciI)€ti, at a Hole and tb.e l,jou.th of Dr;; ~w1, Slue ~galust the 13eaoe ttnd Uiguit:, of Lbe oi 'Jil'fi:in.1.a. • Comr.tDnw~n.lth ..Wd the Jurors preaet,t thal. "1oroa11ld r,O(;.Cl:.1,gn-l • dlu up01. toeir oaths .tti.a.l :' .1e.r Utv.i Golliie tie:, 01. so ..to;;be-t -:;to ..:ird t 1v~4. in raver. E. 31pe u11d .:op.11T. na.rrle. aforos~id, ou or .u.- Are7. St1iO couuty the tet.JCe ir.011:1ttHli troat llul~w±ully tro::l ine B.Lue Holu h1 Ur; :1n·il1ge. a~ its on lhe leso.e--h.:>ld 01 veor~e 111to Dry Rlv•.r. do .tarthor dn.; abvu~ slx ~ilea l:>cateQ e..1,9tying co~t. water. 01 Court do preaent iJOW1t; of fioe:Llnanam. 11£h !J:, a pool Bole, eaid the J~ body ot tis.id. oou.ut:, th• out on t.r~e lea»e:-hold a.bo11t sl-x- c.J.led above u.--a-1...8t. tLe pe-1oe ar:d d.lt:-ntt; ot 01 eeaeon oi Jeort:e 3aleiuh ot \he Com::iou.wenltb of ","irtilllit.. a.=.d tha. jurori:: '-O uu·\bu.c' j:.l'ealJ!:lt !.t..a ~ da:; 01 ~oc~ ot waier. jr; 3i~er. =ie. •b~~t bot«acm o1r,/ U:..at J!oul .Sat.te.t.ber Ufil.!L•.ri'.l!.lj 1:)6;.;i, d.U. ab?at afo.ret:>lid. .-les Lhe!r oLt.as 1::: t!:e t.al.e uoi.:..nts.in. trout at.out bi>.lu c~a...tit7 o; Ro;,klug- oc.~ of a6ason !ro::. Lwo h:.t:ld.red 7a:~s telow o: c-.4!0rea6!cl, ;;.re.7. 01 or _ ...ner and Goliie • 1924-, ot tne :e~o~-hold s.x upon the Blue Sole in ~eorge E. S~r~ and J~cn -bove 2-al~~gb S~rlne.---s. •~ 3 ~ 1, !iar- potn~ lo~atet :ce Vla.o !!olv tu.wt.-.ne r.wu.:,\. of ;;.r;- !:11:m, e=.1-t.....ng into:, ~ ! ve l'. &,8":::.-ns t \.be: !)d-&ce ~.Dd d lgr.Li.-;,3 of \Ce Co~•'"! ttt of ��..ll.rginia. ~o • Le=. J.'Uj'nu, C. T:Jf-3=. w. tnesaea a. lttwla /, Hu,r& ;; .i:u.va1l,$>,ugh , arlll Chal:3. •"-. a-•cr11 in c:-ut. aet1 e.o~-: b '!ere ;.!JO -gra,;.~ J.ir; �,, ' <> Q H I ~. .. l:J -~ .. ,,. , ,i \," -:::, \, v l t " ;. c~ .. .. fi " " "' ', • • ..., " ... "' ... .. ~ t:: l 0 il ~ .." .... " .. ..... ... c;. I<:' 0 0 0 ~ ... ....•;;. -,.. i.. .... .,. .... •· .. .. ..... "-.. ... <l C s 0 0 I> jl. .. " L • n :,- !" ' Q t' " ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Paul Piner and Coldie Arey Description An account of the resource Defendants charged with misdemeanor violate game law. Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Violate Game Law Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_008_260 Arey Piner https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_007_215-commonwealth-v-paul-lamb.pdf dc24289c7e398052c15b21bc042b6b62 PDF Text Text C- • AL~ r;: Ol' T C In ~he C1roo1t Tr.e Jurore oourt of •~id aforethou,;ht, gt.nJ'D"dor w1tr of'!, to. hen a. the efelonio did st:rilce, per a14~ o' and t',ero 'har. sly, trate tho o! r.t1c llSd ar.d held, '"r said g1-o;ini, to her, ;el;, ntti~ theu end tr.are lize eforetbou.,;ht I• ,b ~ ~1 • oat"a •n~a Ile •:::'o:reeaid do ae:, the •:ho r,esoe end digr. ,.,.~,a indict io n tl:.e s..&.r.e 4e. , 4.ied. nnn o! 1'1• :t.li~e = the ac14 Bettie ;1,1-:,1.e I.n.mb. in thP m .., T en r,iltull m11rder ai'llinHt tt• cor ~1 wour.d, ahe, 11po their t :.e a •4 • tl,, dieoher ·'"!d .:.,& Ard e t ,a eel ,1tcrtly • -ei,2 juror r,11::111, b.,. tl1e 1..eri:1s sfol"ee&id, aforotl:Ou!;h~ did kill ty u I' tho Co ,or.weel t nt 1~ found upo. uro~ Llll::b, t.•n end o! Viri;in.1•. tl:e •oet1 ,ur,1 of -------- -----eY1d... ce. enid ought lie! disehor1,e end of hi• 1r-'2.'.ull7 snd y,ound tl:e s£id :rice; 0 • ·tJ:e,-esf\er. end ~here gun he the oaid e!or~tl anA end ti:at the eaid with t ,e 1eechti1 shot arorese1t1 ,a eforeasid er: there felonio then whlo court of wil:,Ul:, eke en as ault; and lee don ah,~, body • egc.ir-st sr.d upo er.d etoot bfr. -i, the the Circuit !oluniooel.7, w1l!ul y ar,d cf ?us t.ii,ee feloniouel7, ,round: ir. &nft for eoir...;only ,u-..,...,-, ee a eh->t-gun, gun, J.ac,b e oort~ln !:t of Yir~ia, •na • ·ore o,, !ng, P•u1 Ise:b in hlB hond• ri co11.0ty; commonwealth th tl:~,: of hie malioo loaded llCCKI J or Roak116 hsm, and no~ attond1nc 1~ :o=otoweal Psul ..., of th• ot the co=ty & !A - �► l l J,, ~. J K ' .. 0 C ~ ~ ,, ., >,! .... ... ..... " .. " "I ➔ t:i • ."' . • :, .., '° r • �• • Commonwealth of Virginia, County of Rockingham, to-wit: ln the Circuit Court of s.,id County: The Juroro of Lhe Oommon,•eolth of Virginia, in ond for the body of the County 0.1· RocidngC.am, and now oti.endilig the Circuit ot !,ft!d eounty • UPON THEIR O.i\THS PRESEN'l. Court again!.t the peace t.ind dignity U;ot or ·1.-heCommomrea.lth of Virginia~ A!IDIHE JURORSAfORhSAIO. UPONIliEIR OATHSAYORBSAID.DO l'Ui\lliER against This PRi:;S~NT • tl1<1t l£e peace nnd dlg-n.Lty o~ the Coxtmonwealth of Virginia. indictment i:1 round on the testimony or ___________ f , I • 1,•itnessca evidence. sworn 111 Court t1nd aent before t.he Orand Jury to give �~ . w I!~ '1 ,..' . ~ • ...... . ,. I-' ..'" -:s: " :s: (") :?.I r-n f© '1 .. ,, 4'< Q ~ it ; • ' ~ ~ ► ..; "' r: t'1 :;, ? • ~ ~ ...~ "'1 i~ ", 0 :,; ¼'! ~ t, ~ ~ •• 0 •· z ' t< F ~ c:' t'l M > • s "' Q. r CJ • ":, :r •. ~ ", ...," ... " '1 ~ ,_ " �• SUP£fttNTENDeNT'$ ....... u-..... .................. Ol"l"'ICE MARION VA Deceabor &, lg:.,o. Hon. P. ll.. Hau, Ju,J.i♦, Twn:y-Vlfth J.t,Ho.1al 01-rcui t Cou.rt O! Vir&in!&., Harri.tonburs, \I lrainla. Dear Gir: Yo•Jr lttttr ot Dec41Dber third, ritlativa to PaJl J..aa, wbo Wu.• canm1ttt4 07 yol.LJ"honor to th• Crll'linal ln1ano J D-e]!l&r.:eent of thi■ hotpltnl on 20, 1919, ha• bHn •~•t ntceiv~. l bo; to adrloe 101.1that .,, halo hold t .h 1><')' obaerva\ton 1.1.cc.e .A:.a:,.at 29, 1919, and t-,.,, 1t\i.ilid. t4o :3.a:e caratully. After coep1e!"!.DCour a:.am1i.t1ona •• ln reply und.tl' ••rr of :he oJdaiOD, a.o:cord.1~ to ,-YehCllll.9tr1c • .. o:,, ~:. la ?.!el.o:c• !O - ~ 1191\al d,_ 1:ien--; croup o! a Y-Hf l• r-atl~, that o! a..:1 tab■otl.e. •~ no UJ:i.s doea he ap,-u- ~o r .. 111:, the oDOmi~ tJf h1■ c.r-ia.e, te 1.a c.hlld-11.k~ ..n.t ei&e.17 c.o.ttrollo-J. and A,PJal"IUltly porhct.ly «i:t1afied. lie hi.• ebowb no d.etin:ii:a .,._,tame of a peychoa.es cnQ.ra.c...&natlo ot the ~onta.l d&!i<1iency i,f'OUJI. Tne eo1t Jroaino.ut cent.al "7Dl)tam,, tranaient &N in chani.cter, -" epleo4aa of excit&ment, 1rriiib111ty, d.o!)l"iSHlona, PIU"IU'l01.a trend■, ha.lluoiratory I would not bo ■u..rp.rtt9d a': to aae anr of th11, an4 it &ll)' •t:taok■, eto, ti:!6 under dlCtoront anv1or~~ent eyni))tGm.aappoar. •• are of tho OJllrdon ':hat he .:h an irrta,oa..Uilo 4-r.c,trou, t.o be at lar&•- !:HH.ll. pet■on. - �• .. .' • • • • . • • .. �• ��------------------~~ ......... nox Hon. P. JC Haaa1 Jud;;o, ?nnt)'-,i!tn J.u10W CirC\11~ CouM o/ Virs!nia, S.n--110-:-b".1rc, Vi,i..1..-.ta.. �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Paul Lamb Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony murder. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Murder Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_007_215 Lamb https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_009_302-commonwealth-v-owen-shirkey.pdf 13c016cfd87a4c4a7f2203a4d1d70b33 PDF Text Text • Ol" VIROI!!IA, CO~!C?r,•.~Tlt COl1N'l'Yor ROCKINOHlJl, to-wit: Ciro111t Court In th• of said. Cou.nty: fh& 3u...-ors ot -:h tJ,e bod:, ot said. count:, CORDcnwealth ot 1/1.:-&'!ma, in ar"' of Roeltl.u&htJII a.nd now attending Co\U't •t 1 ta Ooi;obet' tern,, th!!.t Owen St,iri.ey t reak are enter Oi,att ls there beint, at Oc\ober, oo=olll.y .ouse, in th~ n1Ghtt1~e, intent feloniouel:, o sn<1 th•re .telo,uou~ ,te said bel::iJ dollars, Ite Wean in :lie sata. t01U2e,feloclous.ly the peae9 did and di,:nity shop did. then a.nd e.way, and. one ot tho blsobu!th atul, in coods e.nd. e.nd oarr;; take, ot the value ot tlve tl: aw-.:,r, &.gaillst to ataBl, 1927, a blaokall1i th callod. •1 ;-a,.\e, with eaid oa:t: s do present of mo said. Ik• Weun in s&ld blacksmith of clippers, c~.atte\s out the 4th day ot I~e Woan, there the propori;y shop, pa,r on or about a cal'\ain said. count-:,, upon their 1927, ~o~ talra, :ood• end stop t~.en and carr;- of the Co,r.monweal,h of '11r- !!ln1a, ,,,. ?his v irn11ot.nent ls found ar.d !:"ke Wetf..C,n!,;.n,111sea s•orn Jur, to fiYo orld-mce. on th• test1mony in Cou.r't t"Jld. aent of ll- C. !:Qrrleon betore .?:e er.and �fl. JI, ?' Couun011woal th v) lndlotment O.en Sl,ir:<ey felon:, October tor~, J. 1927 True 2!111: r. () (l_ @++,', • ¾ . .,_.. -""75~er.,an. =r D. ~- t.:arman CommonwoaJth' 4 Atto!'ney . ~· ~ • �om • IBTHlli • • • �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Owen Shirkey Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony break and enter and felony larceny. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Burglary Break and Enter Larceny Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_009_302 Shirkey Wean https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_006_186-commonwealth-v-oscar-snyder.pdf 7b81c707a3e47f687cd59a2581f80002 PDF Text Text ��Jlr'O->-~',,[__,c.,,_,~,=«--7 A ..,....,:., 7;,,..(,-(a fl-~ tp,,,.,.~ !:- /3 . (p r'-rl'n--·~ /.JV -.J. ,..;. . ~ca--....,..__ , .. G-= -;.. .... ~es•r.1e_w ~ I 11 v , /,, -., ~ - •~ ....,,, ~ 9:#" il..~) j. t:, .;a - "~, -- '}.~::-C. r :Cc:o.:_ .... I �..-- • I ��,r---, ~ ... �• �• • .. = 1 ��(t •• • �' • tn ■trucl.lon "ro. abl6 doubt nt'"':-eaafd, ee t.c. L"ly tact thtiy dr,-~bt o.r.d :ind lie rt.:QfJl'HJ.&r; 2- 'C.-t1c-cr--v1ct tl:& acc1,;, ed t1.c A.re bo1..r.d tu g1""e hire the, b6'1"'1e'!'!t ot euot1 l--.1CJnot gUll":.y; nr.d tho Ctru.rt. f?.;.rt.. r.r tt.ill ■ tt-~ �'• �lr.ot'"IJCt., Tt,e Oourl the thn no•~•&d, ~f dcmbt rt.u.acr.nble ch.1t.:; t.o a.cqu1t probflb.111:.ioa or nor lt thEr b•,11,ve evtc1or.0e !.l'\ 1.h1o caoe d<,rror.11trnt.,;e tho ~rGbab11'!ty g<.11. r.or tven lJ:-b JU?"/ thi,l 1 lht rtr:., BrfJ tl-· 1 evtdn~ce J P·an ttit.t ,n;.f'f that ~o eat~~lloJ:: to;ci tt la c~ +-?,o a.<-r.,111:eid,ttN, cient ~• sre to. 1r,1tM ..ctt:U """8!"l'al:t cr~al(<,r • bf! el legation tb&t.. te tt t~ilc !' tht!t Jll'ry fr,- ttUfpOrte !.o 1 • f'\l.ff'j e1tit.t le £U!l guilt. r:nt "1·-:-1c1ent 1 atlll 1t D. a their· H•a.t t:1ere Ct'"'••tcrier.; ~~,.., , t c.i!"Prtrro.r.ue-ro"!"'~ a of ttl?" in<Hctcent; lr1 ri-c.re prnbnbl& 16 1~0cer:t.. c!" tt.e- tt,:at re. "farrar.t tho accoa6d A c-m-1c so clo11-ly tud 1 • 1c ~,;If-~ er r .. the cuGe !e �r • • • • • • �rnotruct The Cour-t .on 10. • 111at1"1c~et.att-t. a crl'n\1r1al ca.au by a cir.de 4 t.h1 lttw oont&t.plu.tvli t.rc;lTit or t.he ace-- 00 .... 'UL 1t 1-a Ukewi<11fJ tru1, •1th rrom the c11v!c!ul or ori~e. endt,ne" tt1Al tl'6 coc-:b~r c~ o,e cwt gv1 l L oonvicti<ml th~ bftla.ce& c! l~~ olthouth acc•,eod Jt.ry, at";ttr c8eP. !n'!"'ore,. st-cru.lrt e,..t.ertt.in deg:ror, of thv !r.-,n c,f guilt TheroBorti, tt:c• £V1d,,.r.r,c .1r. t!1ta t&llew hi~ t.'he conclu tuwln e a oorcurreno.a ~afor-o A r,:,ur,.ct conv1ct1~n to the t.h(1 j !!"y •·a} beliavo et lll 1• r.w-lty, al'!?! a.!'t .. r ot t.l'le trlal uron or degz•,•n c" :he tn jury, .hJJ"y thnl duly "'cnj!•dc,,r•d c-c, eu1tot1<,c t-Ati.!1C'nf>t;le 1r any 1r~U': do1J~i &1..et.o n:ll t:l• t'he ot tho nccuiu d, 1 t in hie rlulv not. to aur~d•r ao to aue"" c!jlll:~rfl!eof ,ut 1 t., J~-,e.t:turtaln dl~~~Nert ••imply t-ecau.rt ecr,vJcl!or::a r.ith �• • �• •• • Jnstnct!.on 'l't,e Court. LnslM-cte tho l'fc ....... that Jury " unt.11 h1u guilt. le ea~abli1thed, r~fl~o!'l o!" !:1n 1-r.at.1 l tty ie hE. cl\llod uron to ·point to vindicate nor 1a he •.o l"it- rrr3u out b.ia h,ett U:e g<Jil t1 j:,,&r"'•>, r.o:- <",,rn !rir.oo 1-:co 't'y r.n,.,1ng. by ��I • •• • • 'Ihu Cour~ an al1~1 y~t, ~t prcvir~ tt.~ • 1r:Llrueio the J=y to th~ satiaf~ct~on the aaoe tiEe, buyc:-:d evory rresar.te -,h1le of ~te jury she bt.rder1 ot prov!rg r"at~ the a~cueud urcn the nO.CeliYitr or :ho Cowmon~ealth rettor;.ablo fl.CC'\Jfl(ld. t'l't.P!l tt-e en.me "!:en hill ~4L do~bt t.h& actual ~t\6 CO!'f1"1i tted 1a eese~tlal 1& not to the coranleRi0t1 p!"enc:wc6 or d11:1p r1-1~d "ltl'1, ar tr:, crime . �• ' '' • ' �• ., t la, t n • sy b '. t y •>, • 1 ft er! \IKt r o ary f r th \!..17 ata ti ell l va t ~ !ltJ <!!, ' r1r.1 ""' 11<-t o • .w.-u....:r..-(:.. :a ■ t 1 a' t!I •cu:et.a �I •• • • ' �' I-===---' ,.tJI"' r ·c~ th•-, 8'1' ly 't~ .. 'WT lJln.• at: I : .,- .., • ' inn- lm:1' ,. Ol'I' (" t • 11 tr t"" 1. 111 y ot: tho • 1 ('lf7'(' ,. I OU.'"Jd '"'" =~ • tn Pi r•o 11:r n t k •t r io t~ 1M.;. ner. ., Ad.if, ~ ("' ?' 1 lP" ,.nd ·o rr • " 1· n . • . ·-;-.,, ..;,.~~, , e :lt t ~ ::J" • "'1~n (' t.'le t the othf""" ~"' la l ... !. !11"<'0 aa tlir't't • ." ~. ,. ln ·~111,.~~ .. t 1,,►,-4.,.._.,..._--( ~ 0 "11:1 ~~ T I ly. 1" "--ft ~- �• • • • �,·• C • v1, II ' I) 1h' 11-:Jt:~1 r-,-~ ~\M, I v< t /3 The Jury are instt'Ucted the 1'olony chlJ.rg,3<1against ca'1.~ot find aent, in ted) th" prisoner, atding, that 1! they believe him in tho 1nd1ctmer,t, Minor Hilbert, the colt1Jl1ssion of aa1rt felony thl ~std ae~ar Snyder (or which be ru;s been acquit- as ohsrg....t in th~ tn<11ot~~nt, unlesa on ttho-:n th. 'm.u-d.en rests, b"),'on~ <>V~"Y -eaaonable :rbat 1", th•t said doubt, aoctu1ttel noc~nee or thil prisoner, Hdnt, eidtng, hsa ~~1ns3ll!..n~ hc!.'1 they ot being pro- guilty and aso1otiw counselling rro~ the shown to the the Comonwealth, Jury, ':.het aa1d aoquitse.l is prime fao1,) l~no'r Hilbe.,.t, P.n1 as~1~tin~ in t1·,-, "''l.,......, '31 :m or f:J-8.ltlfelony~·-- by ev!ctenct:J, vea wrong. proo't' of tlld 1n- sa t.o.his being l)?'&- th~ R81d OecB.l"Snyder �• • ' • • • • • • �• • I I) • 'l'h!O .Tu:ry ~V1donce ihet.Osc~r folol\Y cur::;e,i tho e=naeli1rg collU?l1ss1on tt"Ue~ >d thRt 1:!' they bel!<JVO f?o:n the sny~or has be~n aoquJ.tted by a jury ot tho a,...1n•t h1"1 in the in<Uatment, tlrU tho ~rieoner, a1 tin,;, "~otr. Minor H1lb~~t, ,.:,,:. &se1at1ng ot eaid telony n8 ~he.r~ed 1n the lnd1etmor.t, {of g:J1lty th" th~n o~ betn,, th fY <'&nnot ~~•annt, ao.td Oecar 811¥d<tr ~n Wl>1•·1' he has b,..,, •oTiitted}, �• • �• • ••• • ) Tl1c Court wx:ad t he 1r.1t!"\!cto 1n110<"nt f tl·• :.n~lali:..ent, e.r:d lhla ~CO\. G th ut'I, th~ enttru ~e er until • hl• otrGI:D ~ruuurr,tt(in ,rJ1lt ha AC th~ ! .,.., t'1,a tr1a1 c• ars•d ar,"1n11t 0"'111 e rr - a t!l■ !n U, ce tCC1• wtO U:e Rrd ap 11eu Lr •• ry ,teg~ l• e■to.t,11 " d boyond v ry ren or11Lle �., ' L ' �• •• Thtt ntlrt C&.i -----lh 1t ta. gu11t 1 hf- J-tJry lht!L.t Upcn th~ in1H ..l"tJCto rt1r.Bonablc dcutit necoaac.1·y of any fact t~ed'"lll"!Jr~O'd 111"t of' ov1df.>nce. RU.ch doubt nnd t.ht jlU'")' r:u~t OC'fl.lit tho nccc&~d,. t".!\a ronc guilt)'" r;t1t e;•a.r·a nc eo1·e bt,c,n etitnbl1el"e-d rrr-ncrlboci by la1'. in lhan th.ot. ulnce tt;E M to uatnblieh . tffl't'!!t!"m!t""ffb@ii''"il'O!i!l~~,r"(!fit!'\':Cce' .... .....J by ll1e uv1chmeo., or lack "not ot thi trial ia d9c1tJ.1\•c., a verd:1 et. cf su111. or tl":o l?:e r,.(1-c-i~e., areoU"io, and t1.r.roat.1d r.nrrow �r ' • • �• • It.1at:t"Uetior. the no. s. low t.a p:-eP,U":ed bo be i'l"!."'Coent. until 1 ayond e-vor:, rtaeorable Oiroi.mnt.a. ablo dwbt. fled ~OL nly tt.at dcubt, 1c-:in o~ e.m! nnt only re tr..o cir=".ll!letanc~ &ccuacd t vir.& committed 111u1t ,u•qu!.t. L,-.f:'accuead. he 1o prove-r !~e ct~erEe lo tt-:ei t·ur.Jrr; 11UEp1c1i.~ ar1J hot tr~ cor..a1ster.t ~ilty ~rr1e1 ~itt ctAr'£ed 11gair.st ti rt. •he in l~~ �• • ' �• •• • Inetr1:otlcn ,.___~---~-nte trc,r No. 4. C(IIJM. lM'ln-tl~a tho ttv1d6"1Co l!"c.t lhlf"'J ry t.hel"'e are tJ,r.t ti,01.1;;¥. b,~~tay ch·C1.Jr":atnrcr11 "'l :lc:h at1•ong 81"'(;,CJ'H!u of ~,1,,1.picion aeu.1r.st the accused, attJ.r:eea of 11uor1c1t:r'. mort; cr,,.,_clusiv6 1tBl"'~ly •it.hot.t ti;.ronet i,tJtfiet{>!r-t to 111111rr&nt. Lh6 C<'rh•1ct.ion yet be1l.,v, "'">'n.rtnrtt C':lreur- evidf,rncu cf ►l--£,_ ac-0-'Uo'-"d. �' • ' �• •• • Jnatruct.1ot~ 110. ? • ThD Oat.1rt tnat..:ucto t.he ev 1 de, co »ht.uld rat.j 01.a.1 rloubl. et be •~ch ua it the ht. rebtD f'luetire 1n adduce<l ~rtrh tL11dwho )':f;:- tt· until -iru.o> •nuld hie /'\CC' es!ahllchcs guilt p~Gof' t.e direct er h oxclUde ued. <"crv:1et,cm all The a.oou,,nU &u11 t 1~ l.:8te.bl!t1l•ed, 1n t>:s.t prtteU"'.'!l_pt1oc cf auch th l ~x~lu ee any ratio~~1 r to "arrant thn1, 1r.r.c-ccr.ee of tt-- ! 111rr, 1nt""'ed to bu 1r ''Cc~r:t ard t?'le Jury 1rrrJctonco w,til b~7m1d a rea.$onatle c:!rc-1::llt&&tial, t~~otheoie of ·he it ;root ~oubt a:n;J'I• t'6 ~nnc~ence c! �' ~ . •' •• ' "- ' ..._ ~ • ""-, ~~ .. ~ '~ ..'II f'- ~ '-' ' V; ..... ~ , ' • - • �..•• •• tho o-ullt t.abl1e~ b,o r,t • .Sectatn ot 4 o~ ~A aec11eed 'td by the evtde.,cc, or lact and -th~ 1:lr'i mu.at &e'f.J.lt •n.-t. g-1.l!ty• ■ev-...s n'3 !HI c'"-wge.: in t:!:..e 1..nd ct::P•nt ot' evid .. ".lee. R:Jch i,,,ubt. the la 11~.1eec.,, ..since a v-arcUot .oore t.ha.::l ~t.&t. the gu.1lt. or U1e •~c~us~d �•' " ' • • • • • �! \ • • ~ft -:--- t---<.. " 1,0~ .r • - • ~ t7-f[ __ -f ;t~ '1, ~,. (J ) 0 'fl 11s- Qd -=-- L\- - - ,1-7t" -, 11,3 -;-1{", 11-1-.s~- ~r ,.,,·,..,, vJ._ ,-- • �••• • • • • ' • - • - -.\ .., - • • ,1 C, ' ,, I \ , . I �• • ' ~ J;z-:-r h-'7 !-,//Jr~· l) Ht, µ/ )Z, j{;~:i ~- ... ,.._::_re.,,,..e,;_,;;i,;__e,_~-✓, I<,- 1 e,,lvc,..,r- ;:, ~ h. j?-~~ - uJ o ,- J\ ,.,L~,J ,,: =-..;;) ,t._:, ;-. .... ~__,~ '--~ IL~ C'~l .,1--c, __ "- ,t,"-4 t'-'/rv--y ]~ ~ 1; ~- I~ ~ J 7 .1-.7.,. ,.J!_ ,___;_ . L~-:-------:,,.__:S /.,.,,..__ ~7 L-:... ~ 'lit-~--( 0-c_c.,..__.,_, r.. ,~ ~~ -e:~.__,_ C~--/---~ ,_,__'/ h ~o<J k... ~ ,{_, }t .,,_ ~ )-~,,._,_, / '1 ~ �' • • �• l • '- ,, .. • :-:.~••• '. ' ..i. ~ ' • ., . ,.~,-· • • , .. _ " ....'k ",. \.-.,, ~ •• -' • • Ule t:" • ·" OQJi ~t Court of tha .. e .:.r1:1 .. •-n11 f'., ....If" .r.i'.dCowie;, did u llor-, " rc.t:=. ...o or ~eY'-l: t.r-:.wo yo:&re u111A'lrl'1, I;, and "olo a.c.d .I '°"' •••• ,.,. . •\ .... o-w11.• r...1t, .tt.: .. ~ ~: Bu.;rdttr o!'\ the t 1 .. 1.,...el;f d•d • te,.pt bow ,. ' "' loo tepto i. .... \' C pre■ettt t. :..e..t(Jecnr 1110, -~ 1""'\),-.n..,,~ ~ ...., ootl!'l. .. • •• . '" . .. • • i, ,,.. Count/ • ..,.'.,~ ... ....... ,, ....~.,l\"' ' • ' er Wit •• ,~roe t •r,· a. or l>ll<1,..-: 1.n .. .n yen.r ID ama 'I.POD """ o,yor 1 relo-:iJt, ;' a t o a Id 'P 1 1el:, by ror bgee a 4 • f IU:ier • io o &nd ,. S&Ult Md 1U1 •• 1 •· t r. and ·hero o:- •111 to c&rnall.y • e a11.1..iOocar Cn,;•d1r did t e.n anc tl:.or• • '1lony a trulrJ: 1.n:.o t. e raa.. old ol' anrl nnd tbr,., i\r - - rsoa o u o, •aid c,,.t. her Fal'"Aio llter d .-~ol.e"' ..ly aoi.• ut,bll •4 " l t. a d la.·· " llji tor a;: ~•• t lo• • "" ..re pur ••• e to 1,i.rora tat H l'tttrt • ,-. otJ11.·• a.f~eu Aidln-,. or he tld, onwe,.a t a •tiay a.ru1 ul':.l!lY!\...Llt ni;; d aunl:':!ltlMP' .!o itpon r • - ie ••1J ••r n.:QNJ-a&1d in ra1onLo ~•11 ~" O•c..r Snyd r tho rire■ ant rolo,:y ' a c0t1naelli~~ A~d a';ta t~d �' • •• • • - -? r f < f"' ~ " ~ ... J ;. f .... 'c:_ . t;,. ~, --f • I"' ,-,,.rti ~ ,_ ,_ .j .c.. ~ 'I ""'\""' \'' ~ 1~~ 1 t .......' ,;; - p, �.. • ,. • ' • �• • �• • •• STATE CONVICT (VJRGINIP. ROAD FORCE PENITENTIAHV,} • .1 • u. "'tu·••·-...-n............. . • U )1 .IUll~SOS.~"-.....:S-'"4 n,c rnto!'n, ,. ~ • l l t. • • l . • V ]. • r • ••• ~ • r,• ~n r. • • s e • "lo na • - �' • .. • • �' • ' ··~--~--~-----~---------------------, (!J.i1uu111111h1ralt11 of lJirgiuia. TO ALI. ro ll'H0,11 'TRf,;',E PRES£,VTS SHALL a IJ'JJERF.AS, r,/ Court h,:ld i11 unrl for the • ,n the 11u>ntl,,, of 011c,l1Mll.,4antl ,1in..~ htllt-drrd 0 "'"' CO,ll&-GR.EETIIVC: and r " •1 of . in. th, vrnr .a ..r --...... a:r C()111•irlt<Iof 11nd tNnt IIJerrupon. se,n.len.c-edlo b6-tliij}r.i.ron.ed.:i.n...ifu ,.,. ,._ o: .r _ _. 0" t . t'\l .?0 for the /'t•r,n ol r"~' o.. t .u .c. ..,.._.. 7 c.. • anrl wherea!f it apprur.• tu th1J J,;,rt't·ulioe,!ltat lw: ii, a fit su.hjPel /or clemrnry, TTTF:IUcFORE, I. n:,tf. flODGES .lf.1.NN. Governor of the Co11unonweallh of Virjfiui,t, ka.v~, by uirli,,e of' ar,t/writy vested ir• nu, par(llJn«l antl do hereby pardor• the suitl ae ,r C.i;·dP-r ho b8 forthwith discharged from imprisonnient, llifio"s following, narnely: /,U,t and rlo order/hat ,~por•tJ,,e term,,, and C{),.. That tho &riitl O•c...- C.oy<lcr will conduct himsolf ir1,the ful1Lr8 ,,., n !!ootl, l«w-abidinJ! aitiz•n; ancl if eve.r a,;ain he bt>foruu{, t!ttilty of <tuiolatio11 of -t/u, penal lruos of th• Co»urwnwealtJ. thi& partlo1• shall be 1tull and voirl. •• I J, .r <ond,.•/qn,t/.urlrt ,..t /MA. WHntss: u d<A:,,of • in lft.~)IUf •f 01Jf- Lo"f/ �I • •• • • • • I .. . .' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Oscar Snyder Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony assault. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Assault Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_006_186 Hilbert Miller Snyder https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_005_129-commonwealth-v-oscar-shifflett.pdf 9bb494d035eef52d2f89f4638ee3e1b8 PDF Text Text ��1-1-~ ~~ -~f~ --- .Af?. ... ~.~~. h············} Lh~~ ~{~ A. 11-A~,,~""" ·········· //....... <..l:7- l~~ .q.~ f.A. 1~t~ . tf..~_ &~ ht~ 9./2-. f'l<-e-tL ~ •.1J) . a~~ . /4C'~J l,' Ii. . J. rlL~ ~ ,:t.~L ,.._ Ii~ LPv,-v0 !j_ ~ ffi. lJ/'h-~ "''11~~ ��' ¥, I • l Ne:WS-REGISTl!!:R. r • HARRISON8URG COMMONWEALTH VA. 1 WARRANT. OF VIRGINIA,} ROCKINGHA:II '1'O-WI'l': COUNTV, WHERF.AS. complaint ARREST \ AL and information tr~~ ~, ,:~ a Constable of said CounfJ•: said county, ~___J__j~ on oath before me, ____ has this day made ______________ a Justice of the said county, that _________ D_5._~____ J~--=---------------------------------------·-----------------------------------------of the said county, on th: __________ J'__ ~ _____ day of.. __________ J¥(---------------------------------19o_'k:--, in the said co~ty, did ···~~2,-~,l:~;t··i",~-',···skti~~ ... J$!~ These are therefore, and bring in the name of the Commonwealth before me, or some other Justice of Virginia, of the said County, to command ..... k,c/& ........... . you forthwith to apprehend the body of the sairl _______________________________________________ _ -----------------~~--~~ti: _________ ----to answer the said complaint, to appear and give e,·idence Given under and to be farther dealt with according to la·w. And you are required in behalf of the Commonwealth, on the examination ,... _11;;. . my hand and seal this___ __6__ __ .day of__________ ~------------- touching ----------------------~---)_-~------·------··-I---=====-~-===== - to snmmon the said offence. _________ , in the year r9o_j::_ ___ P. [SEAL,] �{ . C01nmonu·utlth rs. } Arrest Warrant. (4&,~Jqp ............ . E.}Jeciited by mTf'sting &oily the rind ofrf !Jr,fore .J , 1cithin 11·mTrrnt df'lii-ering flip .4-?t,&Jf l!,4), ),J-1-#v-~ ------------ (( J,t!f:H_ceof' RocJ.dnglwm, Conntu nncl bu s111nmoning 1Pitl1in 1111mNl 71'ifnPSSl'S in the person, this /J day of.dJy{/=/,9/JY, - £:_(/}< __ ;;~~-~------------Constable (!/ Roc/mzgliam County. �l?< fr'~ . e_ 7. 1/<,/ra? a~ �- - - --------- - ----- �'I, • . ' . Jt ~-' I I 1· ~ ~ ,¼;_;, /4..,.-</L ~ ~ I-- ~ ?<_ ~ fLJ, ~ ~ « ~-~- 1- Zl'~ I~ �'. �.... . Commonwealth of Virginia, COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit: IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAID COUNTY: . The jurors of the Commonwealth 1. an d now attencmg of Virginia, 1 sa1c ·1c ourt at 1ts . ...... t1e ~~ upon theic oaths present th~ ............... . .. tL,L, . in and for the body of the County of Rockingham, 7";--; •• /.--:-- •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.••• r · h e year 190 ..... , term, mt /Jl~ ;;tEi ...................................... ............. . T ~.~ ~ --:-::. ~- '.-::. \ against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Upon the evidence of ....................................................................................................... . .. .. . .. .... .. .. ... .. .... .. .. .. .. . ... .... . .. .. ... .... .. .. .... ... .. .. .. . . . .. . .. . . .. witness ... sworn in open Court and sent to the Grand Jury to give evidence. ··············· ········· ............................................. Clerk. �~ \ ~~ ~ j Comm onwealth v,. ,0.. { l1J?.~ ,7;DfJ.._..,_, - ~ {3/l,- INDICTM.ENT.~ - ~t 0n ' ................. A '::j ~..,___,,_ I+· TRUE BILL. ~,,_. Foreman. ~ ~ r ~[ ~--~ ~ ~ ..... ,~! ~ ~ J ,::, .- - --.: , . T 1;;~r{71_ -•---•- 4' t~~f~ ~ ~ l ..- '14:A-_.... ,I \ ~ ' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1908 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Oscar Shifflett Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony attempted murder. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Attempted Murder Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_005_129 Davis Shifflett https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_006_170-commonwealth-v-oscar-shifflett.pdf 381c52646f73596460b4822fdb7bf7d4 PDF Text Text - .I JNMPIIT ' I I , r:r.m l(f]P .. ��' • ' • 'I • :r:asna a::-, :-o- e ar1ninti 1ee1rn :f'!t(.!:,i !r..t:ud f' .Q ..,..,.n.,: ... !SQ...,1ot' t. nn:! _rc;:vet,.o a .. .,:... t ~!l nos 4.. eon .r t1"Uo t_vn •--1 .:.,.. t ,;;;~ d O!.: 1'"'"•-.>--... ,e • �• l ,·• ! I �' ,; I .. • �. ' l •• �On a ct.arp "1ll!n&. .,.~at~n--es r.io- ,it tile :,,r,i,r.,, lt.l-1t:t =~• 1e Pr"8U-"1 1s ~ro•"'1 n-~ u.e ra,t o! a::e.::.a =•ceocru:ind of ~all a t1on the 1'1:.rdar. of' cuai:i-o•~ng ~l1c" 1JI;ont~e accua~d . • ntn ~1%'- 1c =oc. �,.. • --, �• hott.l.ei<!e 1,. Pro.,~ed by lm. to be r.ttrd1'l' wOWd ,., rr,ne • fl1''\t:'l t:'.,,e affrr~~ it. the eeoout 1e. t,o r.tt?'"'f"?' in tht th<1 eh1C'11ote:-1et!ee ot tllat oi"l,..,co, 00/ :.l the t1rat nn co,01-;woulth '1.ecP:'ve, ....t mat 1.t' t!le c-100. <!:' "PC-.tl:1 �I • I • ~ ' I C • ~ • • • ��• • • ' ' • �' • • . •• A r.c,r!al •OU!::!. ,e1 ...c. •i~ 8 "!eadly •t4l-On l>o11&M1>lonor the alJ>yer, 'lt~t.h=! ~r.~ c:- w:c,n t1on in p:rir .. t11c1" l"iltul, thro-r, 1,.p,,n t!:e acou""1 1n 'CJ':eJ:'t1'l'!~1• Yl"%'7 Bli "'t .PTo•o~~- del ::.b<!l'a.tanr.d i.re:;edJ.tate<1 killing tb.e nf'e"8e1t7 or Proving e"tnnuat:i.ng az;d cu-- �- ., I • .,., s;U'ibbill.,.,.~- ~ •11--- j �• • • It .tlaitd th" Jury bel1eve •-o:: t!ce evidl!rl'l~e that .-a.a .:.al!c:c--.u, tut no~ •ll.:tu!., AU~!?.killlna ... ,,.. do.l.1 ·- ~t Jt.\trd.er 1n tat1 secor ..4 dflp-t:ts. the ..,. d KU:ili,.: -~~t ""••" toi., b.en �l • • ( " 1 �• ..... 1-•,n·•.·•···r - --~a 111 ... • (t 6" t'-' • l;;J'-{- I t,.,v-A'l.;..., (. l ~ Vv g, !t • U-{M ~ I ~ ,D ..,/1,'-? 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" , .. �• • • •• • ' ' • • • • �• It..-() I l'ho c.,u-t esecr.ti,l Tl ,y ":;'; c-nne, ev \n:tc - o:-.l:, ,. cr.c1 ~, t-.: -· 1n ~ ~-UJ\ ".." ci.!'cn:;. t ~ • • • ol int • l • - l) u~ ·r.,:r l t o. 1ti.:' , I ◄I t :-::, ot1v Vi o . ..ce t n,v ,r:. 1 11\ l: n\' Lttil!r. ,! :u-,- 1e C !r • <i t motl.Ve, {};- to tho u the-y b :1, a:t!"\~etH ';'....i-7 1nft1 Ute trie.,.e. r.vict & 0 n,11 ~.....:.., Ii..._ t ve 1o lnt::.t 1B l: -,, • • •, Lwa, ..v' r. tl1uu;;:~ • ..11•~ t.::_.~ ln tho .h . .,. i11t O'" 1nnveOJ c t .td ,, C1. ioot:-ue- o◄ of 1\111a!:e.r.,:.at.• t • l nl,..\'f. ~ V 1j 1 c.,tl • 1 • l!lt 3!1 ..otlwo <>< to su ....!'1~..:.·:-.t \UI .ce IL o< t. 1 �' ' •. • t 'I t • • �• ••• ·, • .. • la C'J :. t:.a! f'>tt.l:.ft. t. • ,, " ,. �• ' I • I •' • • I �• ., • dio:ibta., r ~=.=J.!=.t t.b.t:oy eht6rtn1n or ~on1u"t'.l..•e.l. tri:-!.;- ==-• t""8.! o.,.nt 'tltt bo.Hud. u,..on ttti t\'1f!r•1.-r-1..t c-..;.•:,, '°ub;.a A :-fl""!tOnntilu ®1tbt ll.8 :1:-! •. j I --.J �• ', • • �' ' tn t.:td. c·: ! -,; t crJ. • ◄ ' tl11 :. ~ t 1,' altht:1.!"" ,...oa, t.:_ t. • o acet 'u"t.tbt h aj' u • _,_ < ..... .1.ct_ r.s ;o �•• ' • f ----..... ( • f ~ ~~. • • I ' -· $. ' I . . \' I '- ..i. I • ' • • ..~ ~ • ~ r~ ........... --".~ 1' • 1:-..::. ..... f.,. l,:c 1 ~ �' • -'J1,t,; I J' • ot.he:r I t c • 1.ng, n::-1; t lCi".;" l..:.;'e.:-.ce• ~l p e.'"C'1n:; and t, ~,-.-e~...u • .,-t • ti:1 C81:- _1 of -• 1, 'lith-C • 1 ~tJ~--..•~.vC.8, t . :u· ~ • cu..::= o,.."t!., .. 11! " ot. it. ;µvo c.:011-:. accc-:.·11.l ly .. [ l'C"6 ll!,!)CCt.!1. i i!~ete8\L...C5S l.r: ti -- ---~ c .. t.hy c,f' c~dd.!t. • �• • - - - • ••• •• ... • • • • • • • �or thtt k:11-J.n6" • - t:.rre • th<' deceP~B:!) th!.B o.tor~aa1~ wao ",..=. th'\t ,z::u'i:O, & &'U~e Ol• tho ..,n:t ,:: t."lO -~.:or.e-r lt1llud thfl':", uuch : !.1' l j;r -t.h,. ~!"tBOr1flT' to- i!le d~cea&<>d ,, .. CU,\.66 of "frto w1.lf'Ul, delib&r'\te a:-,d. �• • • • �• I 10. ---- The jury be 1nnoc,rnt :ti!! i;u'-1\ are 1Mtructed 81\d that :L8 • proven the.t the p:rieone:r he can not b& oomicted beyond ~:reasonable 111p:re8\ll118d to unlee~ a.""1;;::~ 11 doubt • �• -cl .c 1 • • • �' •• • t ' • r, • • t �. ' . ' 7 • . •• L �• ' ' •• • '!'h,. 3u"!'Y tlt't- 1nstr~t1'd Q\lt nul~ tn 'b;a,1t,g1,ng ffl>otrt t.11.at t!' t1"t,,.mant. on lt"S t.'?'t we•. w1t?'l- ,on11t10::~, tt" nt •'-it"! +i. ,. \o:f!ts11nt 1·4rr~n Davis. CD !"...~$C,:-l.h 1 .r .. t"l c11·.:n.e h1o o:t ~rc-•ivtr.g ""1o!' mn·l'Uwllied an-t t.?101;. ... ron-111101 a we:r.,. o·•:'lh ~" !"•a:: ;•-utt. ti.Cl'"w:'19 1::a1 11erl-:,.11 bo411~· ha.--a r.rna l'l'!Tl'•n nan.P, !' 'l:l!l. ~ l" "1ltttl•· ~" .. Poquitt h1tn ..~, l"V•n th,:,ugh th" 1.n~t. "Bnt""'?' then 1,;,., ,1,.. apparer,t. !l,en- t•r Wl1e!'lot ~.,&l, b•rt 1.r ,1.,~,.0~11nt • 11 own misooadu~~ t::-oueilt. nbout -h• ·•o•sn!t7 t~ te jn.nt.1.-1"""'· ~hoct In his ,m 1--r~""'•t~-n th" cho~ti:1& oallllOt �• • ' ,, •• • • �Tile jury SN t'urther point danger 01· vil'w, had a r1,:ht or serious 1n.U.o'lted >oe usel to "8180 1Mtr-.1ot to presul'le tb.at t.he rre!lW!lJ't1on that to prove that IJ, """. ~ if .-a$ 1n 1,,,, 1Jlf!:lt the 80f'\J'3e<:I were such as to in,U.:"1.., .lnminent dangor or aerious ..... ( { ,,, ,' ' instructed 1,he "'pearancee, bodily ... I,(. ,, r.j' ,,1.<~-/ Davis •Ol.l,t suff'icient J1arm, and no other th& aocw, uo hial 8\lCll ha,:m or not, or or and are or thlll!lllelvee a ,r l· •;g bO<lilY llar,n; and they are :t:urther po1nt. at view reasonably the accused 4id. bel teve t • , • ' danger or serious bodily 1 e necesnary from hie he we.s 1n 1.tln1nent in the ~nds l.pon him, and euc11 appearances it, 1J _ il'.ont the prieonar, hal'lll, :Lt' the appearance• bodily tile dendly """ron th:,t \ that &'( (. ;, harm. J t ( 11 , -i,-~ • <.:s evidei-oe Jee ge:r of' tllat i'or •.he !'rot< th, •• _t l ~ ,r,u ,I '~,-.rr.....,, �• I • • • nr• ► " " • • ♦ J • ♦ • • • • �♦ • • - • i 1 • 1 • r,. • r 1 • • ~ r • - 1 ..... • nX V -. • V - ,v t ' t't • V • r 1 C " 1 • ' ~ • ' ., r • ' • ; • �• � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Oscar Shifflett Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony murder. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Murder Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_006_170 Davis Shifflett https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_010_321-commonwealth-v-ora-mumbert-and-chas-shoemaker.pdf aae271f79b1f53d076551a4fa3970f3a PDF Text Text Cmt1tmrrNEALTH vs. ) Felony ORAMOllB:ERT and CH.A.RL.CS SHUEMAKER ·{assault) �r ' l I , j/ ' 9,,7,(,_; ,' ' I I I I / .. f6;1yJL D , 'f J t· ' { r:::1P 1 �THE COMMONvVEALTH OF VIRGINIA. TO THE SHERIFF OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, GREETINGS: found within your baili"wiek, and him safoly keep, so that you have his body forthwith before the Circuit Court of Rockingham County, at the Court House thereof ~ ____________________ t:_7____________ __________________ to answer us of a certain _____ whereof he stands indicted. And have then and there this vVrit. vVitness ~~Clerk -----~-=--- of our said Court ......f at the Court House the 1 the Commonwealth. day oL-------1-~~------, in the ~!_:f_ year of �ri j ~ ! {\ 1 CO:MMONvVEALTH 'US. " ' ... ' l �f. THE COMMON-\i\TEALTH OF VIRGINIA. 1'0 THE SHERIFF OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, GREETINGS: found within your baili-wick, and him safely keep, so that you have his body forthwith before the Circuit Court of Rockingham County, at the Court House thcreo,f __________________ to answer us of a certain __ -~-----------v.rhereof ett ___________________ _ hei stands indicted. And ha,'c then and there this 'tiVrit. at the Court House the -----~-~---- 1 the Commonwealth. -Witness ~~Clerk ~ry---, day of_ _____ of our said Court in the _L}_~year of �COl\!LMOffWEAL'rJI I I __u;__~~J J I \ . I j �Comn1onwealth of Virginia, Rockingham Countg, To- lVit: ~ J:... ......... day of. e ... principal a snrety, who justified to his sufficiency, came before ,,_,,........__. __ , ..~-i":!!J..~.. .. . ............... ·........ ~of ......... ············-·· ...................... ~/- tl::iesaid County of Rockingham, (J. P. or Bail Commissioner) to be levied of their respective goods and chattels, lands and tenements, wealth of Virginia rendered, for the ~se of the Common- and they each severally waived their homestead exemption to their re- cognizance; yet upon this condition: That if the said~ ~Circuit Court of Rockingham #~Jfilf() 19 ~., beard, .... .,,r-..r,{"',47)t.<-U.'.&4~~".V" County, at the Courthouse of said County, on the .... / .Term thereof, and at such other personally ~ore being the _j;i!'{;;_y o'------~--------------, time or times to which the proceedings and before any court or judge hereafter .........day of the may be continued having or holding any proceedings or further in connection with the said carge, and th:n •:dt~er:h•e:::::h::.~:~ ~'.rgi :~n::r:in~ : c,:::: i charged, and be b under said recognizance until the charge is finally disposed of or until it is declared void by order of a competent court, then the above recogniz:mce shall be null and void; otherwise to remain in full force and effect. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I hereunto affix my signature ~.......day this ....... of ....................................... . 8--o ......-?_,. ........ ,...... -..•..,,,.···· ....·········· ········ ·······) 19............. . ( ········•········•·····•····················· ��I Commonwealth of Virginia, Rockingham County, To- Wit: -~:~ ..I~ :EWl~=:~::::.t at n t,h:::::~-dayof .... st ~~u ~c~ , o <he said County of Rockingham, (J. P. or Bail Commissioner) ed themselves to be indebted ............................ to be levied of their respective wealth of Virginia cognizance; rendered, to the Commonwealth of Virginia goods and clnttels, ($ ... lands and tenements, for the ase of the Common- and they each severally waived th ir homestead exemption to their re- yet upon this co~ That if the said...... . .................. ......................... hall personally the Cimtit Court of Rockingham County, at the Courthouse o~ounty, ~...~/,&..0...Term 19 ..&1')_., and at such other heard, each in the sum of eJc ), ~.O..- ..................... 'Z-~ ......... I.=~••···········Dollars, and before any court or judge hereafter ................... ..... er said recognizance declared void by order of a competent may be continued ................ of the .................................................... , having or holding any proceedings _,,,.._.,t"-h-e<n._,,,aod -t~er::e:::::::esa~::~;;t char ed, and be b day of ........ time or times to which the proceedings before on the ./~ay /.7....... ~ thereof, being the .... appear o further in connection with con:ernink until the charge is finally disposed of or until it is court, then the above recoguiz::mce shall be null and void; other- wise to remain in full force and effect. IN WITNESS {.,,4;,~ WHEREOF, ..... .,,./ .. , I hereunto 19.a.. ..o. · affix my signature this.~ ........... day of ....................................... . ��• •• • . .• COlll(Oll\'fU1/1B v. ORRI! IIUl!FORll& CKABLBSSll1llolill!:R CHARGE TO '!'BE JORY : I.t you. .tind the 11coused., Orr 1& l!U.m!ord a11~ Cha1:'lea Shumaker, or either ot them, not guilty, you will If you fl11d them ,sullty, s,rLkl.ng as charged Sil)' so or either or them. of maliotou.a ln the 1nd1et.r,&nt., tl1eu you '<lll thei'lr pu.nish1n&nt by confinement ln the penitentiary not lean than one y@sr nor than ten yea.rs. IION If ,ou do not rind them go.1tty, strlkln,s as charged tu thd9 or et.her striklog as therein pu.nlsllment by confinement 01,arged, by confinement (12.) i,.ocihs and a tine guiliy, atorosaid, or either then you will for a period r1..e them guilty, ,achar,ied of them, of assalllt say so and fi~ noi exoeedin,i five bUlldred dollars theb gtl!lty, oi: or either then you. ITill say so for a years, or, in your not exceeding twelve hundred dolars or either ( t500.00). or them, in the indioaaent, Slld battery of either but fii,d as therein U.011 charged, punl.shm.ent by coll:l'inement 1n Js11 twelve months, o~ by a tine ($500.00), and flx of ~hem, of mallolou.s 1n the penitentiary for a period not exo••tl~ If you do not find or tl.e felonles in Jail 10 for a period pe:!".1o ot' -4ot .1.cas t.ban one ¥e.JU: nor mo.l"e t.han 'five disoretton say but !Lad tl•o ln the indlot~•nt, or them, of unlaw:tul and no more. arul or by both euoh tille not exceeding arul. lmprisoll!Dent. �... •• i ... , .... ..... uo 1"' ... .,. 0 ....... .., " .. ,,. .. 0 • ~ '< .. ;i 10 ,t 11 ... < ,> 0 9 �.. • \ • r OU!!Or:E..U OP "!!!!'II l.1, e :!r.u!t I !he 1 a. -Por •- ai pr 0 ty; ranoi. j112·.)r of ~le or od., onrt at it1 ont ta~ • ~a1d d1&K le, a d lttll, or • • • e or o:i ·enl era, 19...,91 upo $h1u:iaker, ty and upc a. !A ~ . illips, l>&l'List e t e ot V1r 1n1a ~ nil .ow at tend ... th 1- ca 0 l or one . ~-. a lo o,u Ph1Jllp3 11lips •~ ·ilrn av r the t.ea<l. w1t!1. a dld t lo onsly un, with intent a<ld. t• era to r:.um, dia 1gll:'O, ea.oe l l' lr,1-=!. I ~l ,t .?hil r !leceoi asaau.1 't. .o Ro ,klng):al!I 1929, in a 1d o a 1d , 9.licicn1tll' 1 • t e o-a-ll\Jmb rt and C arlea Doc-. er l, ~ea.1t o" aa1d "ourt ~ ~o· '1d on t e l atl111ony or t , rd T'u!'na • • Sitt& swom 1 :-!our1 at.d. �~ • • '• '• .• ' "" l I !f,l •• e. .... ... • I tJ .. , <, ::! • ... .... ..... 'i0 .. "'.. ... P, 0 ~ i~ d ~ ..~l , qI • .... ... :, 'I ;i ... .., "' "' 0 C: " " "• .. fl ,_, .,• l ., "" L> " "' "' ~ " & ,. ~,. ~... I>' ... .. ij" " ~ .. ; 0 ~ - a, 0 .. .. ~ I' • ' -, ..'7.,,,..,,.-,,.~-,,,.... ~ __,..-,. , r :;, -r- ,-- /' ' ✓V ,I' (5 ":"'✓ 1 -!/'~ ;-r", .7 ·., ',; I i: _,,.,.,,-,-.,,-1;,.,~/,., ,._, •i.,_:,;r,f J'»o /'"" 'j1//:>>-l;, 1~ 111 7 "b _,,..,,.,.,>-<• T' ' ' / ,.r /, T;·./ ,, ..[" ,..,71y --rl-yd ""11., ►11 /, .._; r/ ""' 0•f /l"V "f ',,-'-(! ,..,~, /\v-;,></•7?•"1 ,.,~ ,,, 1'1/fV'jf • ,.,. f ,3/T'"'t '-I, '-"(••"111'6 ,,,, ,..,,,/T,.,~,,,, ,_,J'"f1 }/ ,.,,n,,..,1111 .I''''/ t.,,,,./'P r.11 �..•• .,~ ' .. I ' t I ,- • -, F I' I, I • • �I , �•• ,·• ' :2 �, . .. • •• • • �• ' • .• • ' �•• • '' - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Ora Mumbert and Charles Shoemaker Description An account of the resource Defendants charged with felony assault. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Assault Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_010_321 Mumbert Phillips Shoemaker Turner https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_008_259-commonwealth-v-one-dodge-roadster-car-engine.pdf 23a35bd083c6d1f820e13ce1fc415ee4 PDF Text Text ' ,,,_..,.._ oo:.3«JH 13\LTI! Of YI':!GIUU • vs. on DOOOl!Ioo.o:r;,n,uroll)Jln.<:. i:C,OII are Ai,:'.; l,":'I 131''l'F.2 ,ro {J that ,:>Jlr.3;::::T:l and :!11"111.1boun4 unto tho -!o:monwaa-\th-0f bold Cl,&:,.... ,f ?.J/.q,,.., Virg!.nta ~he au:a of Four aun«r ..d DolLnra, to bn pa 14 to the CoA- JuBt a.nd tull MlllYo&ltb of 71r1Ji ,1&, to whiola !Ja]!&41lt •• bin<l onraelYea o:uuutore and adJtln1atTacors, jointl.7 ••vera.117 WDlvo our houetead exe"'!ltion and. aeTorall7, aa to this heirs, ud and,.. horeb;v obllg,>tion. 19Z4. ~ o: Vlrgi,11e, aboT1 oo11gntion hoa 1nat1t11ted, against oeadinga rro. ti3203? is or 18 •bout One Dodge aoa4,ter e."ld Car !lo. ..ot n of the :.rodol 1920. ot Virginia, pro- £ng1no o: torfeltlug of :.eaar.tbl.:,1924, ~tato I} t:..,...,-zJ o! th• oo n~nl:1 cnown whereas tho aa14 mu\ torfalt and 4on1ea aa14 csr the 01era Cave. Vir g 1nia, r1cht tho tor aa14 violation, eisure c la i!u of aatd to • tt.e Co:monivealth and desires to oorLtest of 1 !or saolt &.lle "'d .,1 olatioa on the --,art 1a1d _(~=ia.,,-~a~-~/_L_ _('--_,_u. __ and whoreaa C.W, Do-.e, Sheriff of tooituiei&.r. .;ounti, aa afore ~14, Llli the Co Dollars, it the said and wnereaa la neoeaa Y1rgin1&, rr has aaid a,uo!IIObile in bi• wber.,., the li&id 10 ti'l~f' ... 1..h 'to and whereas ..,f--' of oaid eut~oblle the posaoaeion • torfeltll?'e ) mer of 11aid auto..,bile ~o • o inatituto '!or the ~urpose 4'/9\lff, the Co:!l!I.~"eitl~h whereaa Auto110bile, aa:aa under ~h11pt.ar 407 ot ':'he ,ata as th.a Prohibition tMt tueh iorfel"t in order {7 reaJred 1.he sno autollObila by nrtllo 'I of ••1~ • do ire• to him until .r.t-• bee!" dete la appraised iD h■Te a:ud /C' •t tho ~roh1b1tion ant0110b1le I the right ot 41ne ... in <..c ,rt eU2 of Two Hundred hOt of r poa■esaloll, tored Virginia, to :!>e �• • • • • �• • •• -• OlRtaant ontil. to exeoute the bond i't to to.r~eit right the amoant doubl.e suo.: Jh._ forthoam1118 ~aurt and ta ab14e 1,i d.111paeit1an for 1a the and lfb•raaa DOllara1 13"1JBI be tor oeedtnea by and perfom by aeill. A1ta i■ 'l'\VC il\lndred he ..,ur_pos• of t.li said of ,l.asnably, and provided ot tllia bond i;o be dieoharged ·!ii ( by pa~nt 1:,c sa!d aa.to Jud/silent of th• and to pay all 001ts nnd car ha.a b&e.n pPraiead. •• the tnrthor ll5ain■t enid lid tbe ---'==l-....!':...LJ..._~/!:..-_.J~.L+- and O:o.'IIOlDrealtb, she. U be rerul.ered e, tha final at llAld auto110bile, 1"ees ot so.ob aeimn, providad tor baa beou cleterat,,ell, or eaob 1 •i>I value tMt plaoell. a fillal. theraoa. jacl.,;hnt Jud,,""'8Dt rtthout fl>rther obligor ■ for the Ptnalty o t ,he appraised pro- ,11101 of automobile. tile ea1d _' ~~"r-'-"'.:L---<c..::;..;;,,,..:....:=.;:;,,:, shall llOl Tllr:!!3FORB if have ea1d auto:aob1le Court tho finnl ooata a•i. ._..;:_.14__ u/et.:;:;=~•~•~~~'-• hao tendered Said aUd the u.a obU.3at1on ""'Y enter forthoo:aing, ~ouehin~ 11; tbt ludgr1~nt of tha aoid fees ln lident ia to be vo14. to ( Ballll &:1d will Oourt 111~ o~ er to o ... pl:, with IUIJ' order in th, by ai.d perfor• cm:ieo and shall ■oisure o! said otluorffiae abide euto:oobl.la, to r ..... 1n ill !"Ull foroe 1>11:.rall the rt the and vir- tue. r:-~....:__.,_ji_1_a-t. __ ~~--'<,_( SEAL) _ ..,.,t_...,_,}£'+--~~_.., :;..::;.,oi,.;.__CSULl 21 IT1t:,ese: Ar:(?_ 7l.'J"',-,.., �• • �• • • • ·--------~------------___J �• • '' '• • • I I - I I • �• • -oc~ Cow ty to- 1 ,;i:.cre: s L. • _,. t1loC in t: IC )I.Gt..OU u ic or !!«!.P!. ~•'!.48\!_r ,r.:~~l _l!tC.,!:•~•,: f f-=0~7, ;.:.in!l t t1un o f!oo o. a t~c Cl r' cc:-~ 1n _ bM rlr.!fc_122~ Vlrrint. llaence - n e•ld 1 for a J.c of the - - - - - - .. ta, - . I. Elll:l ... tlo - ou~rnto't-lle - - - - --- --co id !, ~ Off - c,unt-, i S 8 -- .. - • torlblte~. to tne .... Dc'f 1 CCr•• b j C - - - - - . -oblla - • -c:all - - -quai:'1ty - .. - - - - - - - - - - 11.tc o1 reont •~1TiU bei"li, tr ;;:J;>ort A co,tr r1 to l w. fa10 car ■ t \1'1 tll::e o! ••1• re n ■ ooou !ocl b:; II r.m:odea. -- - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- • d b_fore 11 ott,er rs~ s co ....e r id. .,1.n111;. rut t-• Citcu.it next Court o! :aoc1116i= no:111.ed to opp -70 !il"t." Cow:. t ....e - - - - - - - -Tor& 01 u •~ Co tlo& ~ &:Wald not be sr o· o t ~ud c:,~ a 1 t Cirou!t 0.:001 ----14~1!: ,PIO:;>rty 11old in accord- Court 01 ~ockilllfb cm on t..,o - - ~ tth .. - - -d-:,- oi - r o. t~c C,:mionwe 1th. - - - .. !l" �• • x•cuted V v,7,l!l_t,l by ot tho ooutt houee • d loovlnr t•tc notice ot 1hl1:1 notice <'ltlri 1 • ccr, vo • roatcd rubl ehed In tke 1.11.-~••c •1. ito t ore ■lea b1 h•vtne ,cord• r.owe r•r _fr/-- k: (o "" g- ., ,..a. - =-·:;j oi-..., ,:r ~:!l . •~ t g ~ • () ~ c"''R .. ""o ..<;;; • • fror.t '-. J door • oor. r p•lll• Lor t) . • ovo . . • C. t'f (,J J }.,) C> ~ .... ... J • • ·• �' ::ocl'"1.:it-iu.,LJOou,, ty to- t t: Co-~ ty h, :.s ::CilcC. in t::-..e ClJ ... 'e t1o~ 1 ]!~f! _l]c~r ,.!inst ce.t..• _l.\l~1 h'[£jr.J t,•Tl. - 3 ...t. Q_ ±,u ... C'lf ss· 11 County , ..n iniorw,: - J.!o!~~t•r,t..~d!l_l9~.~o~o.: ! J3g.ci~7, ~•t 1 _!;111~-- ____________ - .. - - a fon. of udent spi:ri ts 'hot Jg t:r neporteo. co-tr:1r71 ::.aid. oe-r r.t !.t.e- :.U:.e c' sets:urc ,r-£!" oce:i:f:!ed _ tco. to tho to l"v,. >:ot!ef.. - - - - - - . - - - - - - - t:r- -Ji.z.;_'i - - -- - - - ------- - ----- - -- -- - ----- --- - -- tore ll ~ r.. ,2-hodo•. - •.A.ll .oy - - - - - - - - • - - - - - - othar yerso.rn oa:foro tbc Circuit oon.cer '"'C.in interest Court ,..rw no"tif1.ecl to ~pl)t.J 1:r.Firet of ..ioc.;1:lflmm Oounty on the • iu-7 o ! the to ehow c~U!'lo • .Lt any \.... i.ey c.1':'l..v1hy the ')r:..ycr .·nee with t,.\ st~tute ol the S'l1d infor11n- l"w o:: Virgi:rt.::.. tile Circ~t Co1rt of P.oclti.ngh:un JIOT. l':I £4 - �' • • • .... .. "'"' ,<: .. • ., +' +' .," •C ... ., rl C, 0 ~ 0 0 • ~ e:- .. ...... "' "\,:i ... '8 ~ IN _] A v ..... ~ • 't f r CA • • ' • .,.-' •• • ,; - t~.r:I..I!-,-· -- • • \ ~- ,,L..../ 1,.,,-=.t__ ••• ~-•/. • • , . • • ~ • ' £ / r/1.._.,~:._ -' l. ./-7§L. V'· • • •• �' • l Coste on Dodge hoadeter e&f"tia• • b;' ~otor,63to6? occupied at t1ee bf E.f.!U:odea. Bene ra1&r AdvortiE1D!'·····························•·· Post1ni -~2.63 ln!ormst1on---··················· •···········•·v/.5c /d 6 ,/ ( Capture of CElT•-···································•··•~26-.~0 Total-••······· .. ·· -- - ....••• --$ lll!. Ol' - I~'-" (>_,.,._ .,_3) ��t .,ircul t • t r t:U!.d rl. 1 tar r ..n 1r.s ~ J. 11 i.n.f'lr 111tio~11 for r...:::.0 5 .. ft~ew l' tho re lo. te r ll ~ tor t.o o:r c·iun nrte swer. an: ...,.-t L: l o1D: That •,ow r 161n.g aT. iloilge oadater Tn'lt sq16 'rodes ,)"ara l.iAV& tJ-o.at thn r a-porid ar t. ; th~ ••l.der re-sso-,-., ~ l;o- n.'l ~ •u:r. tO.S:F:t :dnnt d td not sn1a 0..'tr l\'ll8 tfl au~lt uno or 1mn without ..:owor tmvo b,] osod ctt been 11rr• ,od 'i'or ~!ta trll!lrportctl~n ent u 1r1ts t ~ eid o ~obor. 10 4, " "PO'-'dont l.cllllo4 nt th~•. ti LIO•hot h'l ,ronld rot:r, l.Ll.oer 1 JJU-t'!"O.l<Iwna nft111r the 71lllt .a,l.ftte o! V1rc...1.r..1a • ,apondont. on ~i•a 19th t,y to ':~spond<>nt "I thin of the !01. ts,. Vi.re" 1so.. tb.rt\ :..&.Ye. ~.sta tl,cr, le mmed b:, at,t1n.'< Zhft l 1A n e.i"tiaeu the Roepotu!ont .m14 ro,. the t1 :1,y l 11d. hon a uoi~~d a! •rdont ""r !or of t!"li.Jl81)or··lt1Cr'1 tUJ4 ·u,o~oa t-_d ,n,1r1ta; or .ha trnnc·ort.at.lon tho oonoonf., exproon o:- 1.Jl"liad, of o- erd- �' • • • • . ' • • • • • • • • • • • • ' �•' ire. 'ho • ol rcvle t!, 1v~.:. 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C To The ShcriJT of AU,,"0•13 C'ouul)- JI./, t,,S ~ n,. sS"d n.,,.,,, .. , JOU~' ? ►. ~- <I"() T\) I.OR. :-hrrirTof ,\UJ:11•t:1 to. ��I Jed e -· ,,. ..- t, ~ nfore fo n~rit rlS?i ti Oil .e• ta Sl'l' • 0~ ucL.o ro I -, t • ~ .1 Co I I •• l a. •• ' t ~· a e 1ded, 0 .. ou. l ll•• ,r ♦ • II \he ' • 11• • o .• n& • - of •el ve, e ::araa- r :10. 5.l~C57, ' - ' ur • di r1 0~ : • Go t:rr!.Ll .,,.ll/1!4 • ;lr ... r. ls ., ,,r t, the ;; lo " c, 1 ro bol, oo.r r .Ill' • 1or --, 0 l, ode a b r • a. -. ;ha\ ea~ be ,d d,..,il,10\lb.l sol 104 0\ t.1v, t OTe..i II t, o. 1 Ra I re CJ\ t,e \,. th' a .ltt 51113, 0 • 1 bea.r- "" .. . 1,, u.re • ll 8 .. 11 tlt .. oJ srd.e n e: :..:..ti;.a; 1 1,.0J;i.\. d ,, ,,.. ~1:oUee, 11h\., h<> in • l, ■ J) I 'J Of I, • ,e t ro datur-. ,•li 1 I iii • a,n.o· ob r aaao iu "0~ "' o· !all,. \ 0 .JOU_ " • Com !lL I • " r o!.'tod w0 e; , ar e ,c t ; I \ o• ll h oroe 1• n! •• rn \O be re ,,.,,_1,,,ii, di.., of 011e.:::ter, 1or 1.;J , • I • • 8.1A• ed 0 e :;,,b •rl i,.4 .,_ •l t bJT, e />, • ., l<i to • I to 11 ro ~od.e d ode ■ "I orI D 8 re. o~o Obll • " -~r • h,) Iha t " ,we lt.i, ·on- . 0or vd 1 l \ 1 .,. 1 tez· .. ar sno~ld �0 t; 0 • 2 ...... I:, ' .." u -· . ,; r.' .. ,,. ... .. .. { b' ., ,.... • "0,.., "' 0 " B .... "' < to ~ ., .. .. 0 " .... C ~ ~ C" § ,-, -, ~ ., "" "' n 0 0 ' ' ,+ 0 " �-r 1. 4 t ., to t let t r t tor ?e iole t " ,o tor~ it " 4 l BIi !'!po a That " 8 tt, ..., ,," • Ua th er cre1n. Le,, 4 d ol 14 r :.tn t rt t " Ti ti e t prny,, 0 1d ,,or I' rt, • wored Q • • "' t; 'o t • 0 a 7et ,, t " " l •l JlO ,d h Vi t rt r re t t t y 114 t d~ le 0 4e t • t t ic r 14 • t or 11'8 tho 1.,1, Did in"'(lrt1Qt1o•, bo 41111'!1 aod· • Tl- t •ho it ot all '1 lt r hie r,. evor . r , ] iof ho 'b a Jou• IOM urlll!ld r lty tJJ tho a "art ott:er. ld Ate ivo apo 'lent. f' Vi,. .in111, t t i I 0 to b l • • lt n de t-r o and no- ,d th t all 1:lo d1 :n.l o·-+ond'-ld. ll!ld OtL:!"' aed ho wi 11 y • & l. ol. I I • . • ~-~~< r·-~.ar- 0 • o!l t: 0 ertvod tr 11' n r- �• -- • ,•. ' ' • • .• • • • • • , • �);)~7, ,/;;~_, d,r~ #' .,- 3 ~ /I ~1,.,,., ... 0 3 7 �n - ...t . , 1-. j." ( v{ ,-L, -5' ,,_.,.,_,..IJII ..,,. ~ ' ~~ • c...:.I I r 1 r· ..>- .> " " ✓ - j � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. One Dodge Roadster Car Engine No. 532057 Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with misdemeanor violation of prohibition laws. Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Violation of Prohibition Laws Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_008_259 Rhodes Roney https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_059-commonwealth-v-odessa-lee.pdf 47765ed0b803350133bd3a43c2f544f0 PDF Text Text BO A RD MAJ. E. T. 0. JUDGE JOSEPH JOHN JOHN DR, 0~~ MYF.RS L. L, LEWIS, EGRO REFORM OF P. BRANCH, ll. L, WINSTON P. HA,V. L LABOR SCHOOL TORY ASSOCIATION VIRGINIA, H. SMYTH, JOHN L. WILT BICUMOSD, VA. Sl!:CKETARY, ne:v .. 1. ""\-VESLEY "PltTX:RSJ:UJRG, DR. JOHN REV. TRJtA8UttltR 1 UANOVER, OF'rHUSTEJ:,~S. l\f, Hl'NTINGTON, B. FRISSELL fI. H. Sl\IYTH REV. DR.D.N. PRltSlDIIINT, JOHN HOA.RD ARCHER OE' 1 THE BRYAN, MANU L. WILLIAMS, W. D. CARDWELL, GEO. VIRGINIA TRUS'L'E"ES. tlORNSON, VA, 1 ...IAl\fS, VA, J. 1 1 VASSAR, \VESLEY JOHNSON, S. H. SHACKLEFORD, WM B, LYONS, REV, DR, JOS. E, JONES. ��I_ NEWS-REGISTER, HARRISONBURG, VA. ARREST WARRANT. \ COM1\1ONWEALTI-I OF VIRGINIA,} ROCKINGHA:il'rCOUNTY, TO-WIT: I ,~ ef .&-~~'. 7, J!__. _____ WHERBAS, ___ complaint ~--~---~~------------------------------------------Of and information of the said county, "J:{,_ ___ ~Ag ____ !_~--~--------a on oath before me, _______ .~ 11~1 the said county, Justice ,md Cmmty. has this day made of the said county, that ;-;,,__oJ. . ikM~-J'~~ J!4 ____________________ on the ___ ,_________________________ day of._ __ 19o_J __, 111 the said county,~ --~~~-----~---~-----~YJL-----~-----tk------~~-----------· ---'-~rl~-------~=-~~-A1-=~--~--:-~-----/~---+~~-----✓-'~ _l:_/lfa::.--fk~ ______ i~i!)~----:AA--~0.: ___ •------~----~~-~-&---~ ~-----L-~-~----~-_/j~ ~--~ cir---~---·-~ _f!I.A_~_ -~-- {/;;f~j~e1~~,t~dt~/~~r! ~ and bring before me, or some other Justice of the said County, ---~-~--------~k~/t,-I_A.r~---~-✓ _____A_~-,~-------- to appear and give evidence Giwn -------- --~-------------------------- in behalf of the Commonweai'th, undec my lrnnrl and seal this J.. S • the body of the sairl __ _-~---L~--~--- day~ --------------------------------------___________________________ _ on the exami1rntion ... ./'~ . touching the said offence. .. ..... in the ym ,90.i~ ------··········-········ 1{,-,k__ .,__________ ul,..________ ----··---J- P. [SEAL.] �Uommonll'eolth ~ I'S. Arrest Warrant. ____ 4;t ..~-------·--·-··--·-·-··-·-··-· ,J.....<.11;,., -l4frv<&-E:l·ecll !Pd b11 m·,·estin<J . ~A_ t/11>; u•ill1 i,n 11·mn111 t and delfrerin!J t/u> = borlyof~~ hej'r!7'e _ W..~t/i~.&, ·-·.. rr J11,sti ce of' Rookinghu ((lid bu summoning 111,Umin l!J the fl'iil1i11 • �r • . . ��1-lurst'sStandard Forms, Annotated. lN f 0 · I nd"IC t men t . 35· [Code, §§3989, 3999, -1000, 4orr, 4045; llurst's l & Manual, Guide Hurst & Company, Pulaski City, Va pp. 537 (3), 540-5, 5-16, 617-18.) COU.NJ'Y O.F... Ro~kin 6 ha.m. -~- ' 2'0-11"_fJ': - ... LtV J'll E 00 l ~ 'd 11i-' COCR J' 0 F S. 1ID COu:1 "J'Y: J7lzejurors of tlte Commonzcealtlzof f'il'[ji!lia,in and for tlze bod!! of tile Cozmt!Jof .... .. .... , a11d1zoa·atte11rlillgtlze said Court at its ....Ro~kingham .. 01ztlte ... 2.3r.dda{Jof feloni.ously. July arLd. en ter ...a. certain Smith R..nd rot H. Hisey. and. H ... F. d'Yellini houGe. o.f the said to cormni t larceny the. ~oods .beil therein and. chat.tels .. And the present that I a.foresai' 0deosa said. take and F. did inte:1t l th.e . • nfores.aid. ~10 :::J::>rd .. day of .July, ··rithont enter .the. .shop ..then ... said a";ay. ..agai1 st <JR the Lee or. the 'Yi t Smith, in OJf Virginia -·~·or. t. ~ir with t,1e v,3.lue of' ~15. oo of' of carry Cor:m:.onwealth Co·.m t.y felonio·isly the ....said ar;.d one bicycle steal, o'f the jurorn the ' ~ H. Hisey of J .• to -or occupied adjo.ining J ,. H. t-he property shop of ..the naid .. ,J •. H. Hi.sey ,._ · .. lor ..iously .. did ...9ea.1"?e.and. :iignity , ill t/1euear J 906 ... , ill tltf said Cou11ty, l:.S..®.& break did. , upon t/1eir oatl,s prese!lt tlwt term, ill tlze !Jeari90I:i ... Sep_ter.:_ber breaking further 1905 _.. in the i nig t ~ ti1::e of that E • ..Smith and day a certaiF. sho9 not adjoinin~ to or. occ,1.pi e' of .. t11e aaid.J. ny therein c.ha t tels .. niously: or H. F H. Hisey a~:d .o.ne bicycle of. the di.d steal, said J. the of' the H. HiGey. ..ta1<e .>and .carry .9roperty Sr::ith, value in the with of' .J. H. Hisey i th the agai17sttl1epeace a11dd/(J!lity of tlze Ccmmo11tcealtlz of I i):(Ji11ia. wit11ess sworn ill open (ol/rt a11dse11tto tlze Orand Jury to giz;eeride!lre. , Cler/.'. of the goods ai:d sho.9 .ther •. being , ....f'elo- away [port.tl1eeride1zceof ... .... . house .to C!O.rnnit la.r~e- intent of ~?15.00 said dwelling and ..H.• �" \o. ::;,. .J~- qo II\11101,. ,v f;?alt 11, { rs. C)~~ dNDICTMENT l:1 A TRUE ~-1 FO~ A BILL. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Odessa Lee Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony break and enter and felony larceny. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Burglary Break and Enter Larceny Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_004_059 Kiser Lee https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_009_269-commonwealth-v-ow-baugher-and-herbert-brannum.pdf 15b49a718607ebc6f75a6f31839d6b7a PDF Text Text lo the Name of the Com1noaweahh or Virginitt: To 1Jw SbtnJJ It ·1pt,,.,1t /,..,.,.,..,, ,,.,.. ,lmlJ,._ II ri-vllur ~ (!;.,, 1r,,• •f. .ilfll / "t ( f ,I J(J., • •ti•,.,.r~J lli/1 t"I, 11/11,r Cooff1). Gr~ ('.,11,·I 41{ /.'•Pf,•J.Jtif/,r,t11, H11u1/y, 1,I ('1rr1dt </,,.J,.d_/ ,f,,• ,,f C o "1.,a,1 II«- ' I ~ a.A.A-~;;lt_e,.,;' ..-HA -,ad lndkt~d fr.r • ~/•-t,1/ , 1t•l lhrrr lht,, W1it .. U7t-,a,.~ I, I (lf.,Jt'J\~/;ftlt\', /~,1,'11,.,f M AodriQI»,.. , C,111 /111 Ir Cln·I. '-:..?~ ~ -.<-.' , 11,-< ~ 11( ,mr ~·ii.rt f",mrl. 1 ,r I ' .J' I 7 <ti 11, llffl' (. ff.-C' It ,1,,., ('4mr-t I tit~ , ,., .. l'AL C. ~ r' //i, 1' H.,,11,,, thr o,.J1Y11IJA • l'/Nf.. ��In the N•mc of the Commonweallll of Virginia: To \11• Sbt"ritr of RCK'klng1u1mCoun1r, Cr-fine: ~~~t_ 'h~c ,-- M ~ ' Ill •tJfnti1'r .,,. ) " /;t7f,1"1 tlu ,h,•I~,. Jl,.,.,11~11Un,,f. di 10 •'ri,,rk. ~ -~. • ,,_ .-def <. ,,fth,. l'1rtJtu't • . ,,,:~ •ta,.,t~ rl1.ar41t1 wUh cottl uvlk-lM .J,,{f /11i.J- •111.J1/uN !"'i...L-- ,.;;C,. (.'mu/ « uf ..r /t1r w frUJ1, •• (:01r11q1, ,,1 llvt•A "'~'""" ,I I?,-. w 11l11tllnt-f tm11I rmd11' tire J.JtrWltft o/ .J:'l(,1tJ. ►lp,f lrnr(I J,' IJJ.,IC.IOl(Jlr.\', f;'le,-~ l.'l.,l.V.uml 11/rmr Hit/ ,,,,,,.,, iH 1/1• l,#. / /, tl.. • ....,- ,..._,,..;..-,-~·~ th,, II "n/ H71n.r.c~. J I t 't,11rl !hr /. /~ "' rn, ('purl ti,,,• llt>Ulf', /hr 'h fll u11j'/J,~ f°'1m1ot•1hlt'•"lll, -- ,. f'C-L~-4'--i- ►1. • {'/r,-1. �,, ;• / ~ f ,_,,.J;: ~ ,-.r-" I • •• • . '. .."'• I '-' l • lI"· "'• l:~ ., -...• . ..., Q, I I :, b - • L • • .. "' • u c.. C ~ �Cn\\'10~\\ P ... TH or YntGl?\I,\, ROCKJSGU\M C.0t>-1Y, }1owJt or "'11 <h•...Gh•rll! To Cb&rJ.•ILB'r Whcn..-at.. •r•- of tl)e s.aid Countr, lua..1 lhll d::aymudu J. complaint mnd in!ormau<1n on oa1h bdorc mt•, Herbert '(f. Keiter- a Justiceot 1hl" Ja.idCoun1). ~ranmw- of tht- aid Coun.1~·.nn 1ht' J•,of JOth !el~nioUg}y In ~he n111rt-tlr.•~ it.~ _,pr~ita•• o! Y. T. Hea:wole. 1(11-roh ~r~u and entf"lr a r.t"rt.ain llut-t-1.111 .1M...J)n to or occuR_ied not. M!Jo1nlnt •1th toe >cl.!in&...lit;,1.A.e cf the ftaid W. ':'. H~atwtl•. •1th 1r.t.en1. \.o c:o:::"11; 1-:-cen:,. •nd....Eigbir. _pl,.c.ra of ...f~;:•.ri b"l•"&lr.g to tt.e an.id .. Nl.Tle• ~••r•_. and i'ou.r ..2._iec•• •f Eac•n ~~lonet~g ~•-huildie&, felonl•~•lY Th~~ 1~n. (uw .. in th,• nlm"" t• d!J •h• •dd W. ~. lle&:W•le, lh•n being in th• aaid ta.lee, ateal -~1 ~•rey ffilla:,flValue a60.0~) or1h.-Cotnmun",,ahh ol \'1t1:inua.,to a,mmand ~'1MI for1bwi1h 10 u~ bend aod brin,:: hefnrt" ml'. orM1mc, Olhtt Juit1cc ci( 1bti tukf Count,, tlt<.-bod}- of the ,aiJ licrb.t:~t---11:~u.-nto answer the old o,mpll.\in1 nnJ It> b,,. fur1hcr J1.""1.llt wi1h 114.'t"Onliu~ IU l~w. AnJ 3-·oua,(' n."quircJ to sum• mon "l-.ulea £Tera, W. T. lit>&tw'elf'I, a11d L. ~.,.- ......... u ......... v.. f. Coo.J,:l~ J. P. (Se,J.) �Rocl=inghon CG::r.com eo.l th VS Herbert .Br'4nnum. Tl,• within entONtd 8. t t P·!;l Ctmr'!i April caae County 4th ti'1ia day hellrd To-ffi\. 19!:!b. At flar,•i••n1.>uru. by me I and ? 8 ~ ~ I I> ~ ~ "I-<"" Q,. , ()~ ~ 0 " t:. " g ~ 5.• f : i - .. < ~ t • ~ ?I' ~ r. f• ':' i i• i• ~t ' ;r i. •,. '., :=: ' . , ' ~ao.. -r. 1'efendo.nt h.aTir.s plea o! Ouil ty to toe oharge: in the Wflrr1U1t, waft ~• Jail to be trtrd by the Circuit court o! ~aid County, , ~.. ... "., the Vn. . •JI . .-. ,.. ~ ' ! ;- ~ t t ...• l • J.P I "' ~ i 0 ., .,"" !; '> ~ I': f.kt~ .•• • i ,. J i ~~ i. • .+ l I I,,. i ~ • ~ [ ~ i • c �• • cou:1, 1 OF ROCKl ll<lH.!JJ, t 0-1'1 t: l'he grtllld .lpril O. ienu, 19~5, 11. 3ui.1.gber ii.lid day of .....ar~b, ~he bod7 of a•id ,.1:4 Of ::!>ckl~lll COWlt. its ,uro r~ ln u.ud. !or u,ion thelr ffc.rbttl'L \"J:;.5, ltl oaths d.o preeont on or atoi:t Dra.nnuo. ,.. Heat.wole. ~a1a ooa.ntj, a cort that ui• .)0th in oathouee, ~ the iro.t,1~1.y 01 'it. ~:.ll,~htt.l j, ts, ei;-ht d.1. enttr tl:& iooU.e eioa. 1Jhuttels ietLt allA. tcloniour-1;, ,tt,Jld tho1b Ch"J"ld8 ~vore. ln of bacon ,ilccus Cha1·1 ~e "vers, o. p. aoea of bac,11 o! I,. 'I. Heatwole o1 t.tc sald the goo4e am of the goods d i-m.._\JI l,tiJCft B.J.;.tJ dol lare, valu.e 01 tweuty dol l,ar ..., 01 J'llis ata.1 a..u:t tocu- ,ala lu thtll lelon!oaely 'C.hl J0bUG .find lSt. toe Conmonweal th ot ~ 1.rgi n.r..a. 1u6 lO \ment ls found ou \he be- ol 01 the llud chattel• IJ&rr:, away, Uoa1.11ole 1. uh11ttels !o~ll.1, -•ld. atoal, :,. t..ne w!..t.h tht.1H bll.d. tn ere ta11;1, Vk1U:e of l orty the in •l 'th.oc.~ breu1ng. eu ld ou 1.baJee. ,t eitu.ato, tewt Iman, ot �-.,' • 0 0 u 0 ~ .. .. ..... ... ~ i! u ~ ,. I; ;;~ "" ,," 0 '1 ~ .. .., ... ... ,. .... .. .' ~ '1 ,-,. ~ :,- v-ll •" • 0 ' !, ... .. D 0 .... ,c ,, "' 0 • > ~ r- •~ I;'"' ~~ ~ i -- •.... :, ~ 0 C r. <> .,. iir fl... ,,. " " " [ " • C -..... ,_ "" .., ""' "" .. ~ <ii �.. .., I l. () ""' Hu.,,,,, t --.......~g.,,..._M, ..__. tf- ~ clrnl,, - , �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. O.W. Baugher and Herbert Brannum Description An account of the resource Defendants charged with felony break and enter and felony larceny. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Burglary Break and Enter Larceny Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_009_269 Baugher Brannum Heatwole https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_006_160-commonwealth-v-op-fairchild.pdf 2e2a4c7b9967b4e4153b3b744130847f PDF Text Text JI-~ ,("',.-4,q -, U,(f) /l ~ ,.,,.,,t,,,,/ ")t.o (<£ i~ <., r -<. v o-~ '4v }r• ~ Jr:£2 IJ.,,,, ••_ .. 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'J{, • i .J,.._,.A... tr ,-It, •I.e.. �, �'• ~ ~t~ ..,_. ... "• - 11 k! t -... • ' f J �Comll'tf>n,vealth of \ 1 irginia, COUNTY OF ROCKINOHAt\l, To•wit: IN THI:: CIRCUIT COURT 01° SAIi) l'T"•111b\ 1 1.1.,uh.., ,r~·-~•i11tht.:,........... COUNTY: . (D_(I_if aM-~ .,., ................ Ckrk. �... ·r1,r1 ,... Co . S) ~ ~t~ r- ~ ] ).. .,_ ;'At .. ':,( ~ ✓ ~ ,, .,_ • ~ , \ ~ '• (") C ► --i ::0 C fll m r r ~ ·i 3 C ft .. -'-, r- 3 - ~;§ r-. ,... f. ~ r. t '2 . :,: :-1 ::, ,,. < r;, -:r ~ ..., n- ' f:;. I I �• •• �•• �• •• t'ta,,~/;,..~n? 7 1 t .t?"'Jir1,~ I, yLjrl l.-.c ";,-n r u.b. .•,, L•lt,..( "/ ,/(..J,j ''/'/ .L .f-<-c.+ L,C ,/ r« 1, ..i, I!:; , - ,I. c, ~,~,-d J;j-j_ 1 ' ',.; 1.r/u,{/4, 1'1 /1.7"'""""·'-~/r~ ,._,~./f«. . ' j.Le, 7, c..C,,-,,,... ft,l.,c,.J i-lL>A / tt __ , ,:1,__ ,~~ f ;A I l( f.cJ • fr~ ~ I< .<_/ ,IL/,_ 11/ ,t11.r., o/,,t. ✓J .,,_,c;_ JI;~ ,r1(r.1 7 j.4,p1.11e.,'" ;,.,_,__ u • ~ / /lrr,.u/.#uH/ t,e..~(/' 1 'J. 1 ·, , "' ,,u ti v- .,/ '""'- ,..e.1· A C ~ 1..- ✓,_._/ /.$.,,... ✓ �... l ' \ "< \,. \ ~ r-~"':-"' ~ \ • ~ <;' ~ r � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. O.P. Fairchild Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony assault. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Assault Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_006_160 Boyers Fairchild https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_095-commonwealth-v-norman-loving.pdf 8763f6ebacfe4ddaba65b414dec59466 PDF Text Text /t: ~~--....................... -c.c: .. ~ /JI_ ....1/~ :c.. of the said county, on the .. These are therefore ........... . /'.,~ in the name of the Commonwealth of Yirginia, and bring before me or some other Justice the body of the said to answer the said complaint and to be further Given unde, my hand and seal this. ~ dealt with according / to command yon fortlrn·ith Ith ~ to lmL ,;z_H!:, day of ~ · ~I•~-- Summon the follo\\·ing witnesses: /~ to apprehend ~---!a.-. ~ /JI £; ~~~ - ~.. it~,tf,~,- .. · 190 "T ,]. P., [sEAL] �Judgment on the Defendant , 190 /. . ~ /4~ ~ ~: !!J.ft.~~~ .... it is adjudged that£ ~d .... ~~~ ...•foun~ /4 ~?I,.- r~+ guilty upon the testimony on oath of . .........as charged in the above warrant, and ~~ \_~ ~d~~--~-~ ~,~ ~~ �..(..J.L..io....--· h~~· . ············h~\<r~ 1r. !:.."'1 / 6•~. I f. , . J'.. ifJ,,,wL 0 /4. )'Yi~ ;p~ tt>~ ����CERTIFICATE VIRGINIA, COUNTY OF OF COMMITMENT ROCKINGHAM---To-wlT: Given under my hand and seal, this / dr- J -- FOR TRIAL. �t • ~ zt, fA ;14.J~ ::1~/J \. ~ ~I~~ �l ( l - - ��Commonwealth of Virginia, COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit: IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAi D COUNTY : The jurors of the Commonwealth and now attending of Virginia, the said Court at its .................... in and for the borly of the County of Rockingham, ~1:.~.''.'~·························term, in the year 190 ..... , upon their oaths present that ........................................................................................................ . on the ..... :.,~ ..... ·. •.. .tm~ ... Q..f. ..~l~.~.t ...O:~:t. :.....~J~m.;.~ ..·....lY....:r~-~·...~!.1.~ ..~r.i~~~~...?...C?.e~--~ain Rail:!"o:3.~ ~ar, the prope ...t,y of the ,... esa~eake-restern Rail r.a , a cor···~....... ~ ...., .... , ...~~-.~! . .~!1.! t.'::.t..~.l'lt:,····~<>~.~.~ .... ~~-~.~tli..!:t.~~.f3. ...'?.t ..~r~~ f=l.9-:.=L..c; ...qh~~~E~.~~ ewes te n : ai:i7ay, a co ·.,o:::...tioL, in said Railroad ca' ~hPn r-iei-n~ ...fe.1.....r.i.o. .. sl ..~--to .. ~e..ll ...t.a.1<:.e ..a:id ..c.ar:r. aJa.;., a.rAd..t..:1.?..t. ..... ~.e. ......... h .....sa · ·. -·. rrr.a ' • ., oving:, t,o oxes ot "rac-kers, several boxes of cigaret es, r:.e.....e_..t~:..r,,Y:-•....c.o.... c ,.....a.r. · ...·:.,--.!'." •. _ atb ...RlJ--····gurr..Lo_. 't.":' ...n .............. e ....... ~.... r.e ...5 ...1..... a.1.L of Thirty Dollars ( :i,,20 .00 1 of the ...,OOC..o "t.d c-hattels of the ...a:':..d .boa..;:.~~.~~.:., ............ •~.... J..:.?=1 ..~ ...1.............. c-<>. ...... ~.<:'-:..~t:i::Q~.1. ..... ~~f.l ...13~.t.4 ...~.~r .... :t.:11~1::1 .... ~-l}§......!.P:~.:r;~ .... Pe'.1..~l?.' ....Ci..:j_~ ~Plo .. iou ....:/ ~ eal, take a.no. car • a•:;a a..,t=i.i:. he P ,.. : c.i n ty did ............ .... o tre commnriealth. ············· ··--;rto.--··+11e····suror s···a:ror·es a.Ier·u~oh···the.·~···· oaths ·a1·ore~r£ ········ ······· .i\if. · her present. ,hat ... j ' rn:an K. Lo vine ···~0C'1·;····~1~···· ··1~,f-..b~i1c.·· G6ttn:t ···;····1n··· ·.;:·e···nrght···· Railroad. a'!" th~ 1:;::--01Jertyof the Chesa. on the- 11th day o.f • u,::-.l"" , ·:::t:.F··· oi.~·· ci&.ia.··iie.:; ··--,···e::··ce:-ta:1n t;;a' -' e , .: i {a._·;a , a oo - ~cc;.:;:··':.off;'ii:Cn ar;~··· ·ne·-· ----i i • -e1on-1 otrnl .. dtct ea"t<:·a.nu· er · • ·· "iYi' h in te.. he, ..;ooo."" ar.d chattel ot~ the ca:..: _, c,,3_; e2.l""f>."'e<>terr. ail way, •·ln said car ti'eT:1: and ·the:r " £€·ih.:: •telor.-101.rnly--t-c ~t .·a , 0 ," ,-,.,, hoxes of' ~ ... ~c'<.ei•sI t C" boxes o-r cigarettes, '==~·===···•= ...o""'. ·=··•=-t-=r.~., .....~~'-h"t.---.,.n.o-.:;......---~~--··t:;,~•----:.-St...... ,....1_+.-e··-~----1............ \..•.... "'...... e....c.?.....T.. 1..ir..~ ...:-: ...... . n n ~, ft. P- o · and cha tele ~id ChesaC · v against"the a-a -... r. f.::-. •. t .. e.~e. f.elo.rii . .1:~J.y .di ~ ...~ t~a ...,. t:.~:i::,~ ~nd r 1 peace and dignity of the Commonwealth . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . . .. .. .. . . -.............. of Virginia . : ...... witness ... sworn in open Court and sent to the Grand Jury to give evidence. . .................................................................... Clerk. /2 �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1907 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Norman Loving Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony break and enter and felony larceny. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Burglary Break and Enter Larceny Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_004_095 Chesapeake Western Railway Loving https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_008_258-commonwealth-v-na-neff.pdf ab725d2eb884682931cd5c1ee9190bce PDF Text Text • •• • or IH _llJ:: llAlJ.l,, 1'0 .lu. Slll:RI!F 'l'l!E COJIJICIN !IALTll OJI Vll!GTIIIA. 01' ROCtlt: &'.l! COUlffY·C!UL:."Tll•, You are hereby cc=»nded th• Judge of the ob·oui Houeo, on the lat abcrir ~ ••• Neff to •fJMt•r before llourt of hoo,<1Q£lutmCount1, at tbe Court aa7 ot Juna Torm next. boiJIF June 16th 1924. io csuae whJ he ehould not be !1ne4 aud attached erec~ flab ..,,a 1, \o eu.. on loddera he••then i:he 9th cl.ey of •nd for failill!' to at hie 4aa •• roqa1red b7 law . t.l:.ero tbte ~ 1924.tllll writ, in tbe 148th y .. r of the !.~(p!,.,/J,~- Oo=cnwealth, Clerk. �' l,1,, , ,~7 111 /,// • I • /1, I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. N.A. Neff Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with misdemeanor failure to maintain proper fish ladders. Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Failure to Maintain Proper Fish Ladders Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_008_258 Neff https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_003_004-commonwealth-v-moses-coleman.pdf 23f86cc9676862a1d7324e3916127995 PDF Text Text Hurst's Standard Forms, Annotated. l :--i f• [Code, J I-I urst & Company, I Pulaski City, Va. Indictment. o. 35. §§3989, 3999, 4000, 4orr, 4045; I-lurst°s Guide & Manual, pp. 537 (3), 540-5, 546, 617-18.] ·,Ofl\fl\Ot\\Y~~alt,: '.@f Y~ftl~ia, COrJNTY OF.......... .................~ .. IN TJJ.E COU.NJ7Y COl/Rl' The jurors of t~teC~nwealtlz ······· ............ ' OF S. IJJJJ COu)lTY: of T'irgillia,ill and for the. ~ody of t~ze County ~l ........ (!} ............................................. :............................ , a11d!ZOLL'attendmg tlze sazd Court at zts . term, ill tlzeuear if U1! ............ ~ -&-&.~ , upo1ttheir oatlzspresent tlzat =·..... . ..... -...... rtgail7sttl1epeaceand dignity of tlze Ccmmo1ucealtlz of ril{Jillia. DiJOlltl1eeridellceof ........... ..................... . wit1Zess swam zn ope1z ('ourt a11dsellt to tlw Grand Jury to gite evide!lce . ......., Clerk. �)> ... -l :::u C rn CD r !"""I • "Tl 0 ?Q > �Hurst's Standard Forms, Annotated. I nd"IC t men t , l No 35 ft · · [Code. §~3989, 3999, 4000, 40II, 4045; Hurst's Guide J Hurst & Com pa ni, l & Manual, Pulaski City, Va. pp. 537 (3), 540-5, 546, 617-18.] Tlzejurors of tlze Commonu:ealtltof P'i1:r;i1zia, in and for tlze body of tlze Cou11tyof ______ ~f..._,,_ ~~ ............ _ ······~ ________ ____ __ ___ _- _,a11d term 11ztlzeyear If dV' ~~ 11011·attending .. .. , upoll tlzeir oatlzspresent tlzat ·.·· a,r;aillsttl,e peacea!ld dig11ity of tlze Ccmmo1ucealtlz of rir.r;illia. [;jJontlzeevidenceof ............................................ . .. witness .. swam i1z opeJZ Collrtand seJZtto tile Grand Jury to give evideJZce. ........ , Clerk. the said Court at its ·~- �·O • - ✓- C .I . _ :Z I ~r ::: " :::, P ~ "" :-' ~ $- . ~ :z ..., . ~. ~~ : I ...= I rn I. o I ..:= I "Tl ~ i► I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1900 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Moses Coleman Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony break and enter and felony larceny. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Burglary Break and Enter Larceny Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_003_004 Coleman Karicofe Sandy https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_007_222-commonwealth-v-moses-coleman.pdf 6203271aa820ff1eb8845ab6d2dcd1dc PDF Text Text C,,"1•'n'-W1'<\1. t'JI t" ,·u~r.1.. 1;\, R11r11.L.'il:11~x ('11t.x•n;- \\1tu,.11s. <'fmtplJ Ul s.x 4.nJ. u~r..ttl\ll!ihr- ~ (!}/.:r. t,,,c_-'#' .i.~~~~ r,, ,n , 1t bt--t.::- :i.r:- ,fthc ?• {L_.~ /,~,," /4 ~J,,-4 1?,.~~<0 ~ ul lhl 1iJ ,'Nutt:,, ... -~, r,n,,lh(' /J. 4 6,- ,<- Z..:...") 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':f.":<:.f:-:-. .... ..~1~?:7._I;_~~ 1~~,_,., ~-c.-:".~< ..-:~ ~ .1..-~ •a./f .' •• " !Q" ll' !lll-1 t o ... ~""~·'"-· . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ./,. .. .. . . . .... ... • • .... •••••• l 00 . 1• • �• • • • • �I I •••~v\\rr 1 \\"m ,~-c,..l~ , \"' ~lr# r~ <)Ar //, 1 r--;µ. J ~ ""/ °' <""~, 0 ,,..,,,1,111, ,,,,I i,,J,,..,1Utin,1»n, oth 1,, r, m ,n /., .ai,.1 um •:~J,rn,;__~. J.1, Ju-t,,•, nJ b:i t.1;, th '.I, d..\•. 1J L 1unt, 11111k- that C.y ~ ~ ,'Tl'!-"" fo 1)1 • 1-.!1J ll 1hd .f:.t,,,.,_, <<n~•1 /'-'U,,~A,-•< ••'-...6._,L:,__/'~. <Y'-o---;,&~......,_ / /er~-) • t 1, a.....: J ('( th (l , ,; /,-# ....., - t;.,....,.,,..? ~4'1,._.;,,c_, ;t, ~,a,&,..~~ , _,,~ ·---~f ~..:::C-r:;-~, -< .r:;:/:{'.> +t:~ d,.,,✓0'....f ..c.,~•, a;_.:/;;. ~ te,... -,;-,u"i<.. I"'< fl e/.d'r.4r /Id. 'tL.a..,-.1!,,,f 1.,.,, d'u up.,~. r"t 6,-,.-~, ~ /1:,.~ ~ , /4:,1,, ,_, d .k.. '"-~, ~,, u , &_,.., ll, ,. ) L '.' 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'"'-' ~ ~ • ~ r, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Moses Coleman Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony break and enter and felony larceny. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Burglary Break and Enter Larceny Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_007_222 Coleman Karicofe https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_005_135-commonwealth-v-moses-banks.pdf 4f76f0a9e8c2e05c0ed7f9bdcc115526 PDF Text Text ... . COMMITMENT VIRGINIA, COUNTY OF TO L ..~.rfl.'P.~ ./~~-. . into the custorh· ~.//~ - ~~-~.7....~('.'-_JI!(... .~r. of said Connt!·, 0 These are, in the name of the Common\\'ealth •••••••• , • of "\'irg-inia. to command F~ .. the peace of said county. b1· him commitled. on oath of . . \\'ith this \\'arrant, . the bocly of ..... .............. . ................... charg-ed be- ................................. .. ajusliceof ~~. 11·ith a fclo111· ~ .. ~ . , on the ~.~S. in this. that he. the said ..... ancl to the .,·ou, the said.. of the keeper of said jail. tog-ether .. ·.. foremc ... ~/, . 1 ••• to com·e,· and deli,·cr INDICTMENT ROCKINGHAM---To-w1T: To .. 1,eeper of the Jail thereof: forth\\'ith ANSWER 1 ..... ~.$~,of.~~~~ (J~,.,.,.,,A'V ~ ~~~·-d..-~ ~~~~~,~~? ~ V}~~-~~-..,~ ~ ~~~~~~ \ ...... .......... ...... ..... ... . ...... and !·ou, the kceeper ~✓.--:7_..tj ~ ~1:ie·c~ ~~;. t~e ·~ai.cl 0·~~1~~~ b~~ore ~~t· of the said jail. are hereby required to receive ... ·... into your jail and custody. ~~.. ~:~;c;·~<:t;n~y: ancl him there by clue course of la11·. Given nncler my hand ancl seal. this .. ;2...P,~clay ............. ~. safely keep. until of .~, /.~ the said that he may be he shall be discharged .1903'., ,J.P. [L.S,] �< ·,, ... / ,'j //.~~t/4,c.~ ;) ~fl~ �• f • STATE OF VIRGINIA, TO Whm-,a, .. ... TOWN THE CHIEF OF OF HARRISONBURG, POLICE OR ~ .Y....,,,:Ji~ complaint and 1·nformation on oatli before me, 0. B. ROLLER, ..••......•.. POLICEMAN .....,of th, said . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .. , 190. K.. OF THE SAID TOWN: town, has thU day mad, Mayor of the said town tlwt. . . . . . . . . . . . ... d_q,pz.~ ...............~f th, said .. ?~. ~'-.....C,,,C__A./7.,AC..- ANY TO-WIT: in said town did .. town, on tM .. £r.aay ~ .......... . ~k?:.-t.'~ f...~✓-.~~/...~ ..~ ....:..'................ . ······-~ $~ ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . ...... These a1·e tlierefo1·e in the name nf the Commonwealtli of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, ...... ., ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia, to command you forthwith to ayp1'e- hend and bring oefore me 01· 8ome other Justfre th<body of tlie said . ....................................... . to a118we1·the said complaint and to be fi1,1•tlierdealt with according¥} law. 1 0 Gfr,n under my hond and s,ol thi, . day ~ •• -?f'.'" Swnrr1,on of the following witnesses (".a;.t27 ~ 19 'L~(~EAL.) ~ .../:..1 A .lfay01·. : . .<2.,T-. . .. .:IJi ~ .....~ ...~ ,............................... . r~............. . .......... ,~ r............. ~ ............-:0.;rd ...~ ..1~'.,...~....... ······~··········i···············································································--······ �• f • .' '. - - . t· r i~r t K ' '"-. ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1,l~~i~ ~ ~ " . ~~~~ ~~~¼ ~~~~ j~~ ~--;\ ~~~ " �Commonwealth of Virginia, COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit: IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAi D COUNTY: The jurors of the Commonwealth J.~~·........... of Virginia, and now .attending the said Court at its ..... in and for the body of the County of Rockingham, tenn, in the yeac 190/ upon their oaths present that. ...................................................................................................... ...~ .. /J~ ............................................... '(·············································································--··········•·················--····························••··································································-- on the ................. ~ ..... day of.. ... J..~ ....... , in the year 190.r. ............................................. against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth Upon the evidence of .... in the said County, .,:. ........................................... . of Virginia. ~.~ ... 7:?..~... !..~ ....~ ~ ··················· ................................................................................. witness ... sworn in open Court and sent to the Grand Jury to give evidence. . .................................................................... Clerk. �~ ====-·· Commonwealth { VS-. INDiCT~ENTf ~ U:. rn« ~..........---.. 1/Jo.Pwt .};- ~~cJ -- --- A TRUE BILL. ,L~ I ····~···················•·······························.c························ Foreman. ,. ,, ,(\ ~-- .......... L-, �r • Commonwealth of Virginia, COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit: IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAID COUNTY: 1.'he jurors of the Commonwealth and now attending of Virginia, in and for the bocly of the County of Rockingham, n\1:~r.~r ...................................... term, in the said Court at its .. J.. the year 190~ ... . upon their oaths present that ... ~.~9~~~ .. ;£;3.~.~t~ ............................................................................. . on the .. ?F.tJ:i .................clay of.. ..<T.~n-µ?-fY .........................., in the year 190.P... , in the said County, 11.P.<1 ....:f.~.'.l..9I1.~.9~f3.'.L..Y .. ~9... cause tent to maim disfigure, g~~°-'~ ?.?~i~_y in.J_ury diaable & kill said ..~o ~-~~?: ..p_ay~.'3...~.\~~..... ;.r.i.~ Lawrence Davia ,, against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth of Virginia . . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . . .. . .. .. .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. witness ... sworn in open Court and sent to the Grand Jury to give evidence. &·····················································Cle,k. fie~- ~~11<➔ ~- �~ .r 't fu ~ , tf I ('t .. ~_/'ii ¢' .. ~~~ VS. i11 Li J11d '~ r 1 (~ J·~ ~ ~ct·J~ ! ~"r~ f ~ ~J -t ~ J '-i'\ Ni 1i1J 'l{ h~ ~ i;•1·i[~.~~ ~ (l v__ ~ ~ ~. c;; ~ J. .. 1/'J < \;"' ~- I ~ ~ -~ -~-~OJ .. .r-o 1/J, TRUE /'?,~ BILL. (!..rlt'/ ~~ ~~3f,_j_~-- Foreman. //, 1f ~ i11d-S~f~&. .~1?%4 64 £-.' //t?~-#e,#,/4',~~~ ~~·- ~~~ . . . ~ ~, ~ ~~-,~ j; ~~ _, ~ .~ .. ~~ ~ (/.,:!-. ~,.,,;a~.,,..z¾,,_hJd:.. f ~ , 'i'P - T,n I' '~#. ,,,,.~ ~~ ~ 1~-IT~ [l r '° tJ·1 Jt ~~~ ~ ~ ·1~ ){ ·r ~ ~~ ~~ z9_2f.. ~~ ~{4,;, INDICTI\:1ENT. { A <iN .,dr Commonwealth • /J /,tr;-(), , . . - ' 'A~-~/~lo~. ,,, ~~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Moses Banks Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony attempted murder. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Attempted Murder Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_005_135 Banks Davis https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_003_019-commonwealth-v-morgan-h-driver.pdf 79b9d379442267f918b99908e80a0a3d PDF Text Text • IN THENAMEOFTHEOOMMONVl[EALTH OFVIRGINIA, TO T:E:E You are hereby comntanded to SF.i:ERllF s1tJn11ton .... ~., OF BOCKING::a:A::rv.r: COUNTY---GREETING: udJ...i ............................ . CR., .... ... Form 6S-Derliu. ��IN THENAMEOFTHECOMMONWEALTH OFVIRGINIA, TO T:H:E SIIEEIFF OF You are hereby commanded to sum11ton---~ EOCKING-i2'--:1Yl: COUJ::;j"TY---GEEETING: {R_, ____ __. ____ (J3,1A-c~---------------------------------------------------------------------- ·············--·-···--······-·-·-·----··········-·---------························-------------···································--------------·-----·----------·························-·--------··········· lo appear before the Judge ef the County Court o_f Rockptg-ftam County, at the Court-.1-.fouse, at ro orf.ocl.:, a. _k)~ nn·· Oil QL:_~----: ____ Court 1'flHt+,being flte___ lld~a? $ ___ flte ____ r___dayo_f th~ ____ __ Jqff]L :f82£ o_f to testijy and the truth to say m behalf ef tlte Commonwealth agauzst ~~;:;t;;;;:::~,~:;~5 ~,,~;'"~ ;M;,,;~d;h;;,,h,,rv Witness, _/OS-f(.1-.1 S. M-lfSSERLE ___JJ __ ~ day o_f._____ f0..e.,,_~ Y, Cleric o_f our said ___ _f..q_(Lg,r8g--; and in the r &- Court, at the Court-.1--fouse, the ti71tyear o_fLite Commonwealtlt. ~-····· ...... /i~ ~ , C~rk Form 68-Berlin. ��TOTHESHERIFFOFROCKINGHAM COUNTY. Tile following list ofpersons of lite County of Rockinxlwm, residing remote from !lie place wltere tlze offence is cltarged to ltave been committed, and in otlzer respats qualified to serve as Jurors, is furnis!ted you, from w!tic!i you sltall take tlze Veniremen summoned trial o_f ~jaAA._ $;(),,rtL--V:'½c.. for t!te Court [; oft!te b · rvt ..day of !ltU County aforesaid, being lite. ff ,/4-;1 .!)-- JJ_)'~ 1fl1~tJ CPµu1/': 7r~ ~!£l '1{-!l_ fl' ~.;Ut_ c_ 4~ ~ ~ ./; _ (l (TVVJJ_ 11 2 b)' )'Oit lo serve as Jurors upon tlze .. . . .. .. _!JJAA.,4 .3..,,, ....da_1'of , cltarged Term, ~O J~j wil!t felony, I ., t. · fi_JLff~= /Jau,._~ JL!Jf--~L J__;_ ~L }/,1.Iui_dl fi- Jc;;JC u set oflite County , Ifj'CJL.. ./~""' . _t-tJ_rn~ ·jJ,t__~ J-~-~~ ~m~ <:J. il -~ Ofi~ ;lfal ~L~~ Form 84-Berlin. ��IN THENAMEOFTHECOMMONWEALTH OFVIRGINIA. TO 'IJ3:E SJ3:ERIFF OF ROC:I-=ING::!3:.8.JY.C J~UZAA.., remote from -GREETING: 1 q/ Rocking perso11s o/ lite ro1111f1 .. } ou are ltereby ro111111anded lo sum,11011 !tam, lo be taken from COUNT·Y- a listfur11isl1ed ~1 lite .f11d1;:-e ~f-l!tc-Cou11~1 Court 1 1 q/ RocN11g!ta111, residing tile place wltere tl,e offense is d1arJ[ed lo ltai e been ro111111ilted, and qual{jied in all ollter 1 respects, to seri•e as .furors, to a/tend aud appear btfore the Cou11{1'Court o/ Rorkingltam Coun(1', al ,..--- tlte Cinmty Court House, 011tlte bein![ tl,e P)_3 7nvry a,(,<_ _jcf 1 o/ da_1 b /Y'"1VV ltl u/4-L L lo sen•e as jurors o/ r!tmxcd 1c•illtfclo1(1'. I,,\! . ·/11d tl,is t!tey sltall i11 110 ,,·ise omit, under t/1c pena/~J' 11po11tltc trial q/ £100. .<Ind /101 e flten a11d fltcre lltc 1 11a111es q/ said perso11s a11d /!tis 1,•ril. /Vilum,A-'~ · Houst', lltc o/ tlte !l.,/2,.J da_1 o/ 1 :J~~ , Cieri.· of our said Court, at the Court and in /1,e 1 2..J year of Co111mom,ealtl,. 1 Clerk. ��IN THENAMEOFTHECOMMONWEALTH OFVIRGINIA, TO T::E:E You are hereby commanded to SJ;-IE];F,JF SU1Jl1ll07Zu OCKT::E:.E..J::./.f..COU-NTY---GBEETIN•G····:· ~ ... .... - .... ~~::__c_t:.,(AA,C:.O ---------------------------------··········--····-·-----------------------·································-·-················-------------------------------------------------------- ························································---- lo appear before the Judge of the County Court .J':: .....efth'4 day I9O iii L, to testify ....~-- .. RockiJtg!tam Cozm(v, at the Court-1-:louse, on the Coart a,xt, b,fog ef .. controversy in our said -······~~ t!,,.'!dc'.:_ __ day ef-_'-'{J"'-"-"1··········· J/...~f;JY1:-:Y..~ ............................... . and t!te truth to say Oil beltaif of~.~ a certain matter Court, depending aJtd undetermined between ·····•·········································•····•·······························································-·-Plaintiff, ;:, t!U;~=at:,o f-Vrit. ef W£tness, JOSEPHS. w:,:; p,na/ty under t;,, MESSERLEY, of £,oo A,uf /,av, Ihm aa~~=~:::, Clerk of our said Court, at t!,e Court-1-:louse, tlze .~./. ...L ..day o_f...\-U~. ..r90./. ..., and in t!,e 2-:i771 year 7 ............................. I o.f the Comnwn,e•ea!t!t. . . (..d~ ., C/mC. Form 55-Berliu. �~ ~A ✓/2-/VVV~~ rL . 'Jl J ~w-~:r ~/YL~ �···········································································--- l ··················································----- lo appear before tlzc Jud ... L .. -----·······················••·••······················································ ------·······························•·····•····•··•······································••-,•············· tlze County Court ef Roclcii~g-lwm Cozm[v, at the Court-House, on tlze .'i!-.7................ Court~. bei11gtlte-fl.:J..~.day day ef thVJ................... I 90 L.' to testify and tlze trzdlz to say ill -··· beltalf o.f...m~~.J..J a certain matter ef controversy in our said ~~ ~ .. ....../[M':.~ .................................................. . Court, dependi1tg and mzdcternzined between ....................................................................... ____ Plaintiff, ~~~~~,!:.::::,,, pma;;~;~,: ~;,;~:;;/:;;: ~.~:::::::; ::d T¥rit. . _.7 OJl r.J~................ . ef....... ... unda Witness, JOSEPHS. ./hay //,, MESSERLEY, Cler!.: of our said Court, at the Court-House, tl1e dd~~--·······••··············· and iwfhe ef...... .I90/ .., Siltyear ...... o.f the Commonwealf/1. =v~:c,-1./...,,,. ............, Clerk. Form 55-Berliu. ��The Jury there are instructed that rrlight be eny reasonable ·7 ust nocent find ;_ntil doubt him not guilty, his upon the evidence, s to the to thr-i bnnefit p:::."isoner, he is entitled they if, he being gui J.t is proven beyond guilt of the of such doubt, and presumed in- to be any re sohab le d 0ubt. II. The Jury tley are nay oelieve instr .cted from the insts.nce of the prisoner may have signed P. McCall, ·rriting v; ithout also did so, r1e was in the for sone time said __ el ieve similar fu'1C the.t said the such extent that hac~ a right to c:o t' 11 the prisoner l.:cCal1 i::: . Lb.Y 1nd1ctmen-u, ,A. be11ev1-:.-q.g th2.t the .. they anc' had been writings 'lilliar:1 of a P. McCall, authorized, ··1r·!1"'er ana. to c,,. ~ · ~th2ct said he McCall vrould sane as he had done the preceding mu~t find during ni::ne as to the --I·it ing described ;,,-/4-«-ii!, )· the prisoner yet t irne he and that h2.:v 1n the the McCall, at the e:xpressly . then ,:7 !'icrall, had signed • reco~n1ze . froin s2id the ~1arne of seid saic the th(~ name of Di lliam occurrence, was either by the indictment, evide::-'ce the.t to that with notwithstanding in the rarticular s;:me with er1ploy of said signature or was arirroved that authority the prismner character that desc:r·i1Jed in the from the previous e:oployne~t, evidence express if they further, not guilty. orders, ��ir st'Puctf?rl 'i'l1e j1;.J1y a-re f'ur.ther t'rorr 0viclence thP- or t1.c F': -:'or.~ery thht it was not j_f jury a .forgery so 'er uS t .. ey t,md Hlt Morp;,...r. tndictr1er:t though they l-!. DriVP-1" wi. th intent :m. P .Mc. Cr 1:: vmulrl suhj ictAd to tic hro,1 ti1ey :PHY Raid order ~enalty of the said J.j su~•! l ttm:-inp; 1to a trn~t :fc1.ct, hut the hy v,ht ·nJ)on tl1e transact believe from the [1S .u::; find him p;uil ty than i.oi1, evidenc., ho order Morp;an J-1,flriver rather law. descri.hed time muy bf: considered to defrc/t.:.ci t::ey that t'1e \7r:i tine ir1 ·e. en 'e::-it o for·~e<'I or uttered :>.... c•r 1,Aliflve 1 to th, t if The ~ju,-,_rurt) instructed t convert of tllr:: ac'.'!used mc=:dec:1 that Rtfiterv:mts the f:'act v1ou1~ not may r)elieve they lltterine tl1e an-:;usP.1i in that "e,yet t ,At although alleged in the even expectect a , "''; hin to be that ��_Hurst'• Annotated. Standard ~orms, [Code, J Hurst & Company, lnd'1ct111ent. lf No. 35. · §§3989, 3999, 4000, 40II, 4045; Hurst's Guide & Manual, ( Pulaski City, Va pp. 537 (3), 540-5, 5-16, 617-18.) (l)IIHI\D\01.il~'l\ial .. · of ~i)(~i~ C0OJVJ'Y 0.F.... -----·-······-···-- ·--- ..... ' TO:-ff/11.1: /JV 1111.EC0U.N'J1YC0ORJ' OF S.4JD 00[;~"\'TY: The ·urorsof tlte Commo!lu;ealtlt of rirginia, ill rul{/ for tlze body of tile Cou11t11 o/ ~e .._. , a11d1wa·attelldilzg tlze said Coart at its ···-····--····-· ··::·::··.:.: ·.1¢+'~, on tlte ../ ;' '! day of . ····•········· ...term, in the year J/, ifV , upon their oaths prese11tthat rtn,..1 ..- ,4/. ;.a,,,,.,..,,,"c .. . /t ~ ...,. ····· ... ···························· .... ······· /4, ..V ~ [;jJoatlze ez,idenreof .......... __a:itlless swom.ill ope!! Collrt a11dSfld to tlte Orand Jury to gice ei-idenre . . .._ , Cler!.'. �• ~ ' ~ "K l ~ t- ~ ~ .. )> -i ~ ;:o C rn rn I r r t -n ~ ~ r C = = _,; :r. _,; -·f 0 i- ,,----"- ~ ~ -~ ~4] ~ ~ rJ !~ ',.. JQ ~ ► ::, ::: ::: / :-· ::, - ��.. \. "· ~ ii ..... ..., J ' '" ~,I' ~ \ ... ' , '~ ' ) ~ ·-4< \.A, ___.:- " ~ _. ... • .. ' '~~ ~ ~ 4- .. •· ~~ • ,.J. \J ~ fl. ~ ....~ .,i A "\I tef> J, . _,. ... _..,..Nlf'1 . t ~ 41a ..;, 'J 'I ,....... ,.. • • \ -~- . . . ->--....· .. 'I. " ~ " • I ) - ~ V v~~ " ,. �.J V ' vi I ~ ;-l ' /J- v>vvJLj, I a Ari/IA__,,,• {g_~ Jriiv ~~ ~-£/c ~ /J. <]./J~L ' v'-"'- �, �• ~ 1 -l ()'Vl.-'l/m & ) crnw ta.lit.__ tL,;l_J ~ ~ 'ix« .ii_ Lh-~vu �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Morgan H. Driver Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony fraud. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Fraud Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_003_019 Driver Leurs McCall https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_007_229-commonwealth-v-mohler-kite.pdf f4e5c540f1a9c7fa6fc50d4f5baecc09 PDF Text Text J.tOJlIJ,Jl. DTE ADS COllllO!lllbLTB in41et.-ant llolony for a ��• 1111n...,.,, l. ca::i1u1.00,::r ~\lT,.1,J, toP or 'l'lr;ilnta, 1n ui., t.l llabll.1\1' ir.a, \bU M U lo U. u1ollla \ onltl lB cl:U: , Ule l)ll ~· \'Mlr' tto LM IHI! or ui. 1ArAo WIil t li!!IIM:trl, •bl~.,\1 O::SC:.Jllt.l Ill ,.i-l>• ,.,.14 or : ,~ •t tr, eooti• Cl• cha\"'111, rnpaot.lv~ '-°"'11\114 lo ,......,.l.'1'"11 Mlc:o1!1~ to t10C'1&1"P 11:l)' IP'!!t'Oar,inl\CIO, wl\h 1h.t te. llaTina l'lret. 31'0\lfled, :rol U?OI) Uth llal:,r ea .. , •• to • co:liUt.\llll, tlla~ /,t. ' J.' . , a::. 1~1, I Ill · Ptt -- -,r , _ r'11t1ol~. _..._"'-'._..._ .... ___ liillJI a; 0:17 b<,J;o~, A _ ..... - --- 1+,r.:;;--~ ~OM "1 l'Ull ton, 11!14v1..--., Tabin • :it• ..,. t.bl CCllr:_..,llftttl \b :t -10 \m It- .,./ #.;-,-.,_,, ~(,\,<!'.~/ I -· lt -: tm1' ac!::rlc1111C"c;ed 11rit11r,, 11t<1t :it1 .:1.:.!.. 4q or __ st _ ..._•_'-_...;._ h-c....,,._.,...,,. -- ------·· c:~rt.1r1~., \0 tho Cl.n Co11nty, Yl"'1D1 • <,f Ule C!Null, nrt Of • ��• • •• IDSTltUC?IOl.; UO. 'l!ht Court • l11~truote caeee, the pr1soner'w pl-ea of not g. llt;y and 6"ilt reasonable w.tole caee, the teetil!!ony 1D evilience . tt.er• ee to the guilt 1n 1.hla oaBe,•• doubt. ,re burden If thore.fore,upon e-x~ste ln '!.he c:..!-nt o! -it., ,"they uhould flnd of or proving a cor.e14oretion at the witr.oesee and the cire or the uco~••d 11' till r&ie:ee • proeumption uts uTon tbe tol!l!:cnw•al;h 1D n1e !a•or beyond ~he .)ury th1,t :,ctanoee .,hzry a receauble hil. not l'llilty, orim.n6l lnrocence h!e of the proven ACiU.bt �..•' • • • • • • �" '.' • '• ' Il!ll'!RUCTlOll ll'O._ • T1'• co:i::-t inetructe the Jll.., thai. tt.Aly aro tho ,US<)c at the cra411>1l1i;r of the tr1ti:eeaes, to be ~van authori:ed that in detemillint to the tolltiJllony or tl:o di!ferez.t to coi:e~der their the; hove BD1;thair temper,feel1ns,or testif;ing;their eonableneu• ciro,:::,eta:,cee 1ntareat in ttc roault or unr;iaaonablaneaa apreuite: they are or tho caao,U conoorn•d; b1aa,1f &113"11P been ebown; their 1ntelligenoa;the1r tho woil;lht witno■ eee to tho partieo relationship thoir de:oear~r nila cea:n• of 1nfor:aat1on;tJ:o of tbo1r otate,n01:te; and all oi, ;ha trial ;and to t1vo in:.ch eret!!t the teet1110111 or tho different etancec and 11itneoeee tl!e ~urore th1nl< t~_Ry are ent1tlo4 ,u,w ~or to. ell roaother to the ciro=- �• •• ' i· • • - .') . 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Jurorti 11 anrl 0:-or t.oe bod., of eold fl aa Id oourt o~ 1oolcl1 gn~m ,in,I no" attendi1 at 1te !J ril _;_f~. =/.,.'Tr-•-• 1921, -l'·!'I or tha bod~, or 1 he aetd the o,· l,:1· or n~t.ur<:1. n~inet '"'o on•~n1th ot ' 11ron ne .Hfrei.1 ''ou~;ll"-ri, tho renoo ri t~ : "'rai :::.:·~·f :• ~1'Ul"" c11r,.op. or.-aJr::Jt d n1,.~1 .. 10... ~, ••lt. """9. !l.J3'1 lt 1n 11 t. o ~:>wrty at~rnugfat . .i:'oli::>nlou l; o.fcrdaeitl. JmoY1le,l;-• !t aot nt:, ~ ft8 swori ln ':tt.rt j"J.!". t.:> ;,:1V'l o\"'l4e!ice. • •nd eont to t.o �' • l-v.t./'yv-~ r D(.,.,..,rquA- ~ f (' I'-<~,{,~ ,~'-.b..,,, ' j~I.. J{, , • • • J-'14,~- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1921 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Mohler Kite Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony rape and felony sodomy. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Rape Sodomy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_007_229 Coughlin Kite