<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items?output=omeka-xml&amp;page=120&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle" accessDate="2026-05-11T04:38:50+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>120</pageNumber>
      <perPage>20</perPage>
      <totalResults>4487</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="25127" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15128">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_010_042.pdf</src>
        <authentication>f72076470c913bf5d90232721cd5f976</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281347">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Patrick Kanaty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281348">
                <text>1832</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281349">
                <text>Assault and Beating</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281350">
                <text>Defendant charged with two indictments of assault and beating. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281351">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281352">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281353">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="281354">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="281355">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281356">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281357">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281358">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281359">
                <text>Ccr002_010_042</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1792">
        <name>Gear</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1791">
        <name>Kanaty</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="193">
        <name>Meadows</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25403" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15320">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_009_057.pdf</src>
        <authentication>698157dedd1617f8404395cabea497b0</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284803">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Patrick Kannality</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284804">
                <text>1828</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284805">
                <text>Assault and Battery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284806">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and battery by stabbing.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284807">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284808">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284809">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="284810">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284811">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284812">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284813">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284814">
                <text>Ccr002_009_057</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1770">
        <name>Kannality</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="189">
        <name>Morris</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25404" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15321">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_009_058.pdf</src>
        <authentication>8e3089fe292f2a9a25a02ea612220593</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284815">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Patrick Kannality</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284816">
                <text>1828</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284817">
                <text>Assault and Battery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284818">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and battery. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284819">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284820">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284821">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="284822">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284823">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284824">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284825">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284826">
                <text>Ccr002_009_058</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1770">
        <name>Kannality</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24844" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14846">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_014_003.pdf</src>
        <authentication>d932aa64a178c75339234cb15d410b5a</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277595">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Patsey Landes (Landis)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277596">
                <text>1853</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277597">
                <text>Petit Larceny</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277598">
                <text>Defendant charged with petit larceny. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277599">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277600">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277601">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="277602">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="277603">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277604">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277605">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277606">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277607">
                <text>Ccr002_014_003</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3058">
        <name>Landes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="389">
        <name>Landis</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2897">
        <name>Shannon</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="8369" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6934">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_002_022-commonwealth-v-paul-curtley-marshall-lourum.pdf</src>
        <authentication>12873ee266da2c4704312b55551a827b</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="92530">
                    <text>�,-~
I

~j

-·
~

•~

-

1j

~

~t,~-

~l«c:S~
t

ii

t

~
~l
~~~J
A-L--;&amp; 'l;: l
•{

~&lt;~,-

~

j~

{£.
~

~

~

�~~~q~~
£9;~~~~~ ~~~~-&amp;./L_;:,,~~

~~d:~~~~L 'Yd:~~
L £: a//,,.,,.,., °' ;;U
•
~
~/

,J~~~~J~&amp;L-v~

-/ Lo.-,_Jc"~y
/-;{"
,,_,4p= / -6'~.y
~ 1h~/,CL~ £~~ °ii~~
fl(/,J,-&lt;-/4'_L._u

d,},/
~

~ tJ.-.~J

h

)L~f

,,,_. z:,{; ,u
~

:Z,J #,,,/

Al

=7 7

r

~

/ /

FN

'f_

,,/

~~~~L~--c/"---c-'(_f/~.o&lt;.&lt;.~--e/__.~~e/_..,,

J ✓'{J.t'~ ri.L

~d

If,

~-.J

7 ,,;
L..#,:..v ~ ";

•-KL

7-cJ~/~--

~~~._,.,_,,_.._of

~ wh~Le~~/.

-

~ //~vk~/

p£_~~~

~~ :L~4'1-.~-L~./~-~✓ ~

,.,,...A'-,,_:_.,
,£, &amp;.e

-4&lt;.,,,,C,

.,£ ..,,L,!'

~~

Q/~

¾t.,_.__,.
...-,/ ~ _,_,.

;:L ~ ~-,_/ ~ /-Z ~~~~~ -&lt;./~~
L:~
~~ 7/74 /~
q ~~~ ~~
~/' /4/~ ~~
~~J-r_-/'C/4
if 4
7£ ~
/-£ ~-£~Af
~~~
(jJ~ ,&amp;~a,__,,,/
Ju~~~~

~1)

A_

'°o'T~r

/~,r,,.,,,~-

¥_d

~J4-

t,~~A____,_~~~~
/4_,r /

~ L./ d-eoc...U ~~ ~c?-e-&lt;/'Z,.-C:.-!

,i?~ ~ ~ ~ ef'~.,.,,
~~ ~ 6 -",,//

7/

~

/. / ,?-'/ -

7

4

/&lt;1&lt;~

.,,,_,_.,=,/ ~-/

~r!o/0

..

-

�-

J

�Irv'

,.

):J&amp;v&lt;A..-l/~
J,

l ,

l-

~~~(I
,_)- I
~)/()4{11

J

��</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92520">
                <text>1895</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92521">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Paul Curtley and Marshall Lourum</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92522">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="92523">
                <text>Assault and Battery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92524">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony assault and battery. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92525">
                <text>JMU LIbraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92526">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92527">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92528">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92529">
                <text>CCR001_002_022</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="275">
        <name>Burke</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1322">
        <name>Curtley</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1323">
        <name>Lourum</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2952" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2767">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/b0489a89d637d0312a8bd90d73abdf52.pdf</src>
        <authentication>c27f0dc934d28481ca68b317c4dd5ac1</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48192">
                    <text>0.:1MO WEAL H OF V • G f Hi ,

COUTY

,0 K NGH r, , to- wit :

In the Cir cui t Cou rt of sai d

aun ty:

he

ran d · uro rs in and for the bod ' of
sai d cou n of Roc ki1w ham and now at ten din g sai
d cou r at its
to er
'
term , 192 4, upo n hei r o hs
do p ese n tha Pau l ran dle s ,
·1ith i11 one , ear nex t J:)r ior to the
find Lrig of thi s ind ict men , in t he ,ai d cou n y of Roc kine
;ham , did un awf ul l y
man ufa ctu re, sel , of fer , kee p, so
re an exp ose fo sal e ,
giv e w, , tra nsp ort , dis ens e, sol
ici t, adv er ise and re"ei ve ord ers for ard ent spi r i s, aP-"
ai nst he pea ce and
aio-11it 1 of he omrnonweal h of Vir
gin ia.
The ·ur ors afo res aid upo n the ir oa
hs afo res aid
do fur her
ese nt tha Pau l Gra n les , wi hin
one yec r
nex t pri or to the fin din g of his
ind ictm ent , in t he
sai d cou nt ' of • ock ing har n, did unl
awf ul y hav in his
oss ess ion ard ent s )ir i ts, aga ins t
the
of the C mmonweal h of Vir gi nia .
And

ea e and dlg ni t

he jijr ors afo res aid u on the ir
oat hs afo re aid

do fur the r pre sen t tha

P ul ~ra ndl es , wi hin one

ear nex t

pri or to the fin din g of thi s ind ic
men t , in t h sai d cou nt
of Roc kiu gha m, did unl awf ul
rec eiv e ard en spi rit s, agai ns t he - ea ce a
dig ni
of the Co mmonwea l t
of Vir -

P-in ia.
Thl s ind ict men

is fou nd on

he te ~ imo ,r of J ohn

S. 1! unk and C. W. Dove , wi nes
ses swo rn in cou r L, and sen t
1

bef ore t he gra n

jur

o giv e evi den ce •

•

�Viol Pro Act

Comr.ionwealth
v ) Indictmen
Paul Grandles

Misdemeanor

True Bill

D . W. Ear ma.Tl

Commonweal t h ' s Attorne'

�Arrest Warrant
COMMONWEA LTH OF VIRGINIA, } TO WIT :
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY,

&lt;&gt;-~nty:
a\l(:._____ ____,.\t'.~~-

-J~~~~.J .~r-=--

-

-

-

-

Of the said County, has this day made

IwJ-0-7':CA~~~~~~~~~=a Justice of the s a i d ~

.,The~e are therefore, in the name of the Commonwea lth of Virginia, to command you forthwith to apprehend and bring before me, or some other
to answer the said complaint and to be further dealt with according to law. And you are required to summon - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth, on the
Given under my hand and seal this,- -ba.,,.._- ~,....,_\,,,,.r

No. 38

touching the said offence.

77-:~'7-=--t~~ ~ ~-I--!

NEWS·IIECOIID CO ., HAIIRISONIURC. , VA .

in the year 1~

�Commonwealth

vs.

} Arrest Warrant_

Executed the within warrant by arresting
anti ileliYerin,l! tlm bed,..o

���</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33072">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Paul Grandles</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33073">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33074">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33075">
                <text>Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33076">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33077">
                <text>1924</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33078">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33079">
                <text>RcPr-box4-013</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33080">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33081">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33082">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="418">
        <name>Grandles</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3082" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2897">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/29698ef6d20e550f4ef8d0c24413218c.pdf</src>
        <authentication>a844c6e68a3f3cbefd156568ad7d27b4</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48322">
                    <text>COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGilUA,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, to-wit:
In the Circuit Court o~ said County:

The grand jurors in and f'or the body of said county
of Rockingham and now attending sai_d Court at its June term,
1927, upon their oaths do present that Paul Harris, within one
year next prior to the finding of this indictment, in the said
County of Rockingham, did unlawfully and feloniously manufacture
distilled ardent spirits, a gainst the peace and dignity of the
Commonwealth of Vir g inia.

This indictment is f ound on the testimony of

w.

Rexrode, J. L. Dirting , a nd W. E . Thurber, witnesses sworn
in Court and sent before the grand jury to give evidence.

T.

�J-~- J
(

~~

Mfg.

Commonwe alth
v

) I ndictment

Paul Harris

~

J1 \ '

~

~t

~

~ ~i~
~ ~~

June Term, 1927

AtrJ~
~

J ~Ji~
\'

Felony

--'

'

.

' ore, _

vV.

Earman

,I

~

l l~

~

1
id

D.

•

I

Commonwealth's Attorney

�1To-wi•t··

Commonwealth of Virginia,
Rockingham County,J

debted to the Commonwealth of Virginia, in manner and form following, that

-ft:::!-~

~ to

say: the said

~ d~-r fo~L dkL~ ~ I':fs~

___________ '.b ________ ~ ________________ _______ __ ________________ _____________ Dollars,

* ~-~ ~-

-~

t!,;,,,/

good and lawful money of the United~
'•l d
m the sum oL ~
d_/ ~ _____________________ Dollar~of like good and lawful money, to be
r espectively made and levied of their several goods and chattels, lands and tenements, and they
severally waived the benefit of their Homestead J!Jxemip tion as to this obligation, and also waived any
claim or right to discharge any liability to the Commonwealth arising under this r ecognizance with
coupons detached from the bonds of this State, to the use of the Commonwealth of Virginia if the said

__f?t__;~ _/~ _______________________________

shall make default in the p erformance of the

conditions underwritten.
The condition of the above recognizance is such that if the above bound ___
---~

(?__~---------

-------------··-- ---- - --------- --do and shall personally appear before the Circuit

Court of Rockingham on the __/j_-rj.__ __ day of
thereof, being Ute

day-ef

i l,.;_M _/__L_q_~_7 ________________

._

192

, at the Court-house thereof,

and then and ther e answer the Commonwea~th of Virginia concerning a certain
whereof the said____ _ _____ -- ~

~t

--=-!fo.~

---

--------------- - --------stands charged, and shall not

depart thence without the leave of said Court, then the above recognizance shall be void and of no
effect, otherwise to r emain in full force and virtue.

��COMMONWEALTH

v.
PAUL HARRIS

If the ju ry f mnd the a ccus ed, Pau l Harri s , not
guilty, you will say so and no more.
If you find him guilty as charged in the indictment, t hen you will s ay so arul fix his punishment at confinement in the penitentiary f or not less t han one nor more
t han five years, or, in the discretion of t he jury, by confinement in Jail not less t han six months nor more than
twelve months, and by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.

�Commonweal th
v) Charge to t he Jury
Paul Harris

�a~ -

Cpmmonwealth of Virginia :

To the Sheriff of R~

ounty, Greeting:

You are berebJ' commanded to summon ...... ... .. .. .... .. .

···• •• • •··• •I •• ·• •• • · · • • • •·•· • • • • • ••· ·· •· . ...•.. ,

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
p .. . ,. ... .. . ......
. . . .................... .

-771~_,. jJ) , ..
...d r ......h.. .. ~L~

to appear be/ore rbe Judge of tbe Circuit Court of Rockingbam
da-y of .. .... . .
tbereof, at JO o'clock, a. m. , on the .. hQ ~

aunty, at the Court House

to.t,Ufi{Jl?~:;,?i}J~~

who stands charged with and indicted for a f elon_y
And this

..

~.. ,, ... ..

19.,7.,. ,

G~~·.··JU

misdemeanor.

shall not omit under the penalty of £100.

And bave then

and there this Writ.

~

/ ?............

of :t~ 19~;z;;~~::::::::w:~:
Witness, f. F BLACKBURN, Clerk of our said Court, at the Court House, the ...

day

Y

P&amp;L PRESS, HarriJnnburg, Va.

�1

r~~ t ~
~~' \ . t
.

~

~

~

\ ~

~

~

r
Execute d on the lSth.day ·of June 1927,wi thin the
· County of Augusta as to · w. E.Thurb er,by deliveri ng
a true copy of the within Summons in writing ,to
W.E.Thu rber,in person.

-

�In the Name of the Commonwealth of Virginia :

to appear before the ~ud_ge of the Circuit Gour~ o~
House thereof, at 10 o clock, a. m., on the
to·-~-e stify a-~d the

/

~

lcin_gl~am,
ay of

&lt;t!'~~~

-,rf'-~ -:-: /

trut/11-?:_:::;:_lf o~ _ g a b ~ s t
with ancl indicted for a felony

...

the Co1
19 .. .

:1/

•::· •

...

misdemecinor .

. .. shall not omit under the penalty of .£100. .11.nd hcwe then

New,-Reco rd, Harrisonbur~. Va.

�~~ r.11 ~
·:
~ ~ --(?v/)s~ ~,e~--.:.._

�In the Name of the Commonwealth of Virginia:

:.:::::,.:i::, 1~::~~:,•:. '~'., ::·:::' C//.Lb:;:;am, ~he1~~
t

to testify and the truth to say in behalf of the Commohwealth against ................ ........... . .......... .. ...

.. . ~

· ·····#?~
who stands cha~

t;.J'a ';d indicted for a felony

.

ri'ti;sd-e-n-11ea-rl,f).1.· _

:-. ... shall not omit u,nder the penalty of £ 100 . .11.nd hcwe then
.11.nd this .. : ~: ~/
and there this Writ.
Witness, J. F . B L.JL CKB UR.N', Clerk of our said Court, at the Court Hou,se, the

.7..

.p.4-.., 2e2.'..J

day of ... ...

N ewa•Record, Harrisonburg, Va .

19 .

and in the

~

.

J.P..~,. of the

Conunonwealth.

·o ---~~~:'..A--&lt;---&lt;~--z-.-;-rr. .

. .. .. , Clerk.

�E x8o u t e ~ f ,

tT -~

~} ?i y del ive r i ng a

..

.

wit hin Su mm o n st~

_

In p enJOn .

tru e C opy of th•

~

~ ~

- { ;,

t

uJ, )}-nµ. ,J;,et',

�Jy

t , ~,.

~'),lL

( '

p:,.1;; ,

I /

5

i!5i

(_

,7~ ,, -1

fV-AJtt:: t ~

I

~
)

-

rfr ,z Se ,
;

&gt;.

...

�In the Circuit Court of Rockingham County,
......................... Term

I90

...... ... this day presented in Court an account against the Court

of Rockingham for tlze sum of$

........... , for Service.

which being sworn to, was examined a1td approved by the Court, and ordered to be certiji,ed to the Treasurer of
this cou1tty for payment.
....................................................... Clerk.
Form 192-Berlin .

�••

�.I._ . •
"···

�.

i

.

•/ t .

I

(
,.)

• .-{~ V
.

\

,L

I.

I

/,

/t'.1 'l-, ~\ -

yJ

I ;,
2,,
'i , i. [i
?..,, f I [i

.Vt·•\,\,.._(

if

-

I

,:

~

I

-

t-~

2•

n

-

I •

\.. '

, ,

I

Paul Harris

J

I

'

t
;

L-

..
/

-/

I

Feloey

4
i

.,

COMMONWEALTH

I

i

I.

L '--

vs

I . ; ·t

•.s

r.

• {. l

i

2. t ~ (:
7.,30

J

~

J

'

,,

i

I

�.,

'
;

'

I

l
,

\

l
l

•

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34595">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Paul Harris</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34596">
                <text>Felony; Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34597">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="34598">
                <text>guilty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="34599">
                <text>manufactured ardent spirits</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34600">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34601">
                <text>1927</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34602">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34603">
                <text>RcPr-box6-028</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34604">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34605">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34606">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="466">
        <name>Harris</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24350" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14424">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_020_044.pdf</src>
        <authentication>c3ab0958c6a858c4f05b88929015017d</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271292">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Paul Hitt</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271293">
                <text>1891</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271294">
                <text>Drunkenness and Assault</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271295">
                <text>Defendant charged with being drunk and assault. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271296">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271297">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271298">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271299">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271300">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271301">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271302">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271303">
                <text>Ccr002_020_044</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="338">
        <name>Hitt</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6496" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6232">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_007_215-commonwealth-v-paul-lamb.pdf</src>
        <authentication>dc24289c7e398052c15b21bc042b6b62</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="76067">
                    <text>C-

•

AL~

r;:

Ol'

T

C

In ~he C1roo1t

Tr.e Jurore

oourt

of •~id

aforethou,;ht,

gt.nJ'D"dor

w1tr

of'!, to.

hen a.

the efelonio

did st:rilce,

per

a14~ o'

and t',ero

'har.

sly,

trate

tho

o! r.t1c

llSd ar.d held,

'"r said

g1-o;ini, to her,

;el;,

ntti~

theu end tr.are

lize

eforetbou.,;ht

I• ,b ~

~1

•

oat"a

•n~a Ile

•:::'o:reeaid do ae:, the

•:ho r,esoe end digr.

,.,.~,a indict

io

n tl:.e s..&amp;.r.e 4e. , 4.ied.

nnn o! 1'1•

:t.li~e

=

the ac14 Bettie

;1,1-:,1.e I.n.mb. in thP m .., T en

r,iltull

m11rder ai'llinHt

tt•

cor ~1 wour.d, ahe,

11po their

t :.e a •4

•

tl,,

dieoher ·'"!d

.:.,&amp;

Ard e
t ,a eel

,1tcrtly
•
-ei,2

juror
r,11::111,

b.,. tl1e 1..eri:1s sfol"ee&amp;id,

aforotl:Ou!;h~

did kill

ty u I' tho Co ,or.weel t

nt 1~ found upo.

uro~

Llll::b, t.•n

end

o! Viri;in.1•.

tl:e •oet1 ,ur,1 of --------

-----eY1d... ce.

enid

ought lie! disehor1,e

end of hi•

1r-'2.'.ull7

snd y,ound tl:e s£id

:rice;

0 •

·tJ:e,-esf\er.

end ~here

gun he the

oaid

e!or~tl

anA

end ti:at the eaid

with t ,e 1eechti1 shot arorese1t1 ,a eforeasid

er: there

felonio

then

whlo

court of

wil:,Ul:,

eke en as ault;

and lee don ah,~,

body

•
egc.ir-st sr.d upo

er.d etoot

bfr.

-i,

the

the Circuit

!oluniooel.7,

w1l!ul y ar,d cf ?us t.ii,ee

feloniouel7,

,round:

ir. &amp;nft for

eoir...;only ,u-..,...,-, ee a eh-&gt;t-gun,

gun,

J.ac,b e oort~ln

!:t

of Yir~ia,

•na • ·ore o,, !ng,

P•u1 Ise:b in hlB hond•

ri

co11.0ty;

commonwealth

th tl:~,:

of hie malioo

loaded

llCCKI J

or Roak116 hsm, and no~ attond1nc

1~ :o=otoweal

Psul

...,

of th•

ot the co=ty

&amp;

!A

-

�►

l
l

J,,

~.
J

K

'

..

0
C

~

~

,,
., &gt;,!
.... ...
.....
" ..

"
"I

➔

t:i

•

."'

.

•

:,

..,
'°

r

•

�•

•

Commonwealth of Virginia,
County of Rockingham, to-wit:
ln the Circuit Court of s.,id County:
The Juroro of Lhe Oommon,•eolth of Virginia,
in ond for the
body of the County 0.1· RocidngC.am, and now oti.endilig
the Circuit

ot !,ft!d eounty • UPON THEIR O.i\THS PRESEN'l.

Court

again!.t

the

peace

t.ind dignity

U;ot

or ·1.-heCommomrea.lth of Virginia~

A!IDIHE JURORSAfORhSAIO. UPONIliEIR OATHSAYORBSAID.DO
l'Ui\lliER

against
This

PRi:;S~NT • tl1&lt;1t

l£e peace nnd dlg-n.Lty o~ the Coxtmonwealth of Virginia.
indictment

i:1 round

on the

testimony

or ___________

f

,

I

•
1,•itnessca

evidence.

sworn

111

Court

t1nd

aent

before

t.he Orand Jury

to give

�~
.

w

I!~
'1

,..' .

~

•

......
. ,.

I-'

..'" -:s:
" :s:
(")

:?.I
r-n

f©

'1

..
,,
4'&lt;
Q

~

it
;

•

'

~

~
►
..;

"'
r:
t'1

:;,

?

•

~ ~

...~ "'1

i~
",
0

:,; ¼'!
~

t,

~

~

••

0

•·

z

'

t&lt;

F

~

c:'

t'l

M

&gt; •
s
"'
Q. r
CJ •
":, :r

•.

~

",

...,"

...

"
'1

~

,_

"

�•

SUP£fttNTENDeNT'$

.......
u-.....
..................

Ol"l"'ICE

MARION

VA

Deceabor &amp;, lg:.,o.

Hon. P. ll.. Hau, Ju,J.i♦,
Twn:y-Vlfth
J.t,Ho.1al 01-rcui t Cou.rt O! Vir&amp;in!&amp;.,
Harri.tonburs,
\I lrainla.

Dear Gir:
Yo•Jr lttttr
ot Dec41Dber third, ritlativa to PaJl J..aa,
wbo Wu.• canm1ttt4 07 yol.LJ"honor to th• Crll'linal ln1ano J
D-e]!l&amp;r.:eent of thi■ hotpltnl
on
20, 1919, ha• bHn

•~•t

ntceiv~.

l bo; to adrloe 101.1that .,, halo hold t .h 1&gt;&lt;')'
obaerva\ton 1.1.cc.e .A:.a:,.at 29, 1919, and t-,.,, 1t\i.ilid. t4o
:3.a:e
caratully.
After coep1e!"!.DCour a:.am1i.t1ona ••

ln reply

und.tl'

••rr

of :he oJdaiOD, a.o:cord.1~ to ,-YehCllll.9tr1c • .. o:,, ~:. la
?.!el.o:c• !O - ~ 1191\al d,_ 1:ien--; croup o! a Y-Hf l•
r-atl~,
that o! a..:1 tab■otl.e.
•~ no UJ:i.s doea he ap,-u- ~o r .. 111:,
the oDOmi~ tJf h1■ c.r-ia.e,
te 1.a c.hlld-11.k~ ..n.t ei&amp;e.17 c.o.ttrollo-J. and A,PJal"IUltly porhct.ly
«i:t1afied.
lie hi.• ebowb no
d.etin:ii:a .,._,tame
of a peychoa.es cnQ.ra.c...&amp;natlo
ot the ~onta.l
d&amp;!i&lt;1iency i,f'OUJI. Tne eo1t Jroaino.ut cent.al "7Dl)tam,, tranaient
&amp;N

in chani.cter,

-"

epleo4aa of excit&amp;ment, 1rriiib111ty,

d.o!)l"iSHlona, PIU"IU'l01.a
trend■, ha.lluoiratory

I would not bo ■u..rp.rtt9d a':
to aae anr of th11,

an4 it

&amp;ll)'

•t:taok■, eto,

ti:!6 under dlCtoront anv1or~~ent

eyni))tGm.aappoar.

•• are of tho OJllrdon ':hat he .:h an irrta,oa..Uilo
4-r.c,trou, t.o be at lar&amp;•-

!:HH.ll.

pet■on.

-

�•

..

.'

•
•

•

•

.
•

•

..

�•

��------------------~~
.........
nox

Hon. P. JC Haaa1 Jud;;o,
?nnt)'-,i!tn
J.u10W
CirC\11~ CouM o/ Virs!nia,
S.n--110-:-b".1rc, Vi,i..1..-.ta..

��</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76056">
                <text>1919</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76057">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Paul Lamb</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76058">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony murder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76059">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="76060">
                <text>Murder</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76061">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76062">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76063">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76064">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76065">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76066">
                <text>CCR001_007_215</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="395">
        <name>Lamb</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6495" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6231">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_008_260-commonwealth-v-paul-piner-and-coldie-arey.pdf</src>
        <authentication>2d3cc6999cb5f16ad4b9529820c92331</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="76055">
                    <text>•

r.t...n.c.ju.ro.rs

ib.e

in un'l for

01 R~~~111-tbam. nrt~ no~ atten~ing

te.r~. 19~~. upon their

oaths

Ccldie

i=Lra;-, on or about

I 11 tne

s,,ld

lu jrJ

John•·
poiu\

~iver.

&amp;rris.

,.bout

between

O~~ober

f~al

Plu&amp;r ond

th~t

Se;, te::iber

01

:tll;;, d;n1u,1 tc-

d..ld unlawl

two hun4,rcd

the

• lSi.!~,

;ar4"

belo~

Bluo

£:!. SlJ,J

aitd

5uov• Ruleign SpciI)€ti, at a
Hole and tb.e l,jou.th of Dr;; ~w1,

Slue
~galust

the

13eaoe ttnd Uiguit:,

of

Lbe

oi 'Jil'fi:in.1.a. •

Comr.tDnw~n.lth

..Wd the

Jurors

preaet,t

thal.

"1oroa11ld

r,O(;.Cl:.1,gn-l • dlu

up01. toeir

oaths

.tti.a.l :' .1e.r Utv.i Golliie

tie:, 01. so ..to;;be-t

-:;to ..:ird

t

1v~4.

in

raver.

E. 31pe u11d .:op.11T. na.rrle.

aforos~id,
ou or .u.-

Are7.

St1iO couuty

the

tet.JCe ir.011:1ttHli troat

llul~w±ully

tro::l ine B.Lue Holu h1 Ur;

:1n·il1ge.

a~ its

on lhe leso.e--h.:&gt;ld 01 veor~e

111to Dry Rlv•.r.

do .tarthor

dn.;

abvu~ slx ~ilea

l:&gt;cateQ

e..1,9tying

co~t.

water.

01

Court

do preaent

iJOW1t; of fioe:Llnanam.

11£h !J:, a pool
Bole,

eaid

the J~

body ot tis.id. oou.ut:,

th•

out

on t.r~e lea»e:-hold

a.bo11t sl-x- c.J.led above

u.--a-1...8t. tLe pe-1oe ar:d d.lt:-ntt;

ot

01

eeaeon

oi

Jeort:e

3aleiuh

ot \he Com::iou.wenltb of

","irtilllit..

a.=.d tha. jurori::
'-O uu·\bu.c'

j:.l'ealJ!:lt

!.t..a ~ da:;

01

~oc~ ot waier.
jr;

3i~er.

=ie. •b~~t
bot«acm

o1r,/

U:..at J!oul

.Sat.te.t.ber

Ufil.!L•.ri'.l!.lj

1:)6;.;i, d.U.

ab?at

afo.ret:&gt;lid.

.-les

Lhe!r

oLt.as

1::: t!:e

t.al.e uoi.:..nts.in. trout

at.out

bi&gt;.lu c~a...tit7 o; Ro;,klug-

oc.~ of a6ason !ro::.

Lwo h:.t:ld.red 7a:~s telow

o:

c-.4!0rea6!cl,

;;.re.7. 01 or

_ ...ner and Goliie

• 1924-,

ot tne :e~o~-hold
s.x

upon

the

Blue Sole in

~eorge E. S~r~ and J~cn

-bove 2-al~~gb S~rlne.---s. •~

3

~

1,

!iar-

potn~ lo~atet

:ce Vla.o !!olv tu.wt.-.ne r.wu.:,\. of ;;.r;- !:11:m, e=.1-t.....ng into:,

~ ! ve l'.

&amp;,8":::.-ns

t \.be: !)d-&amp;ce ~.Dd d lgr.Li.-;,3 of \Ce

Co~•'"!

ttt of

��..ll.rginia.

~o • Le=. J.'Uj'nu, C.

T:Jf-3=.
w. tnesaea

a.

lttwla /,

Hu,r&amp; ;; .i:u.va1l,$&gt;,ugh
, arlll Chal:3. •"-.

a-•cr11 in c:-ut.

aet1

e.o~-: b '!ere

;.!JO -gra,;.~ J.ir;

�,,

'

&lt;&gt;
Q

H
I
~.
.. l:J

-~
..
,,.
,

,i \,"

-:::,
\,

v

l

t

"

;. c~

..
..

fi "

"
"'

',
•

•

...,
"
...
"'
...
..
~

t::
l
0

il
~

.."

....
" ..
.....
...
c;. I&lt;:'

0

0

0

~

...
....•;;. -,.. i.. ....
.,.
....
•·
..
..
..... "-.. ...
&lt;l

C

s

0

0

I&gt;

jl.

..
"
L

•

n
:,-

!"

'

Q

t'

"

���</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76044">
                <text>1924</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76045">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Paul Piner and Coldie Arey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76046">
                <text>Defendants charged with misdemeanor violate game law.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76047">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="76048">
                <text>Violate Game Law</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76049">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76050">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76051">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76052">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76053">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76054">
                <text>CCR001_008_260</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1078">
        <name>Arey</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1077">
        <name>Piner</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6494" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6230">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_003_038-commonwealth-v-paul-rinehart.pdf</src>
        <authentication>56e4c5f7191df015994e61464f887994</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="76043">
                    <text>fl

' .

,.,
.

' H

~in

To Joh:1

&lt;

-..

•

f!.

~-j_~ 0

&lt;,

-f~,
o.•.
: h-.. , .....

,, w:

!
-;

..,t,C.

-~·- .
--

)

• ,j

.J

,

,...

,

..)

Po~r,e

"v ,,

,..,~

J.

,.:; .I.&gt;n•.. 1

l,

vv

·--~c.

e

l~,..,.
.,_
_._
,
v

~

'""'---

P..:.•• o:rn.::'t

...

-, ·;clJ

.:,

i

C

....0

J.•

") ~

"',,,

o·· . .Jf
~

'

,,

_

.,_ ......

.

. _.,

r .•
C:."

r

0.

:.o

L.

J

o:

I•

-- ;

Har·· s
e

L •

_..
..,. o ....
: l..,,.......
_
_i

&lt; •

,
.-.,rIV •

,- r .,.,.

:::aic..

,oou

::;:·oa::;c1
o:f

,... ......., ...
"'\

i.

:r..o·.,. ..:,
(

the

.

1.

J

·Llic

~--;

..........
· _;"'\

....1.c
.
e

....~

l.LGLL..:. -"-''-J..:.

tc

)

'"I

.•. e

,

l

AJ.2.G .,P_

1•

r.

\.,. V

�I

•

•

�•
' .

r .
/

,.

'

�•
r

•

�1

T':e Court
conviction

ins ',rt'!.ctstl1e

t1', t every

of Pa 1 l E .Rliinehart

beyon-:S..every

reasonable

to the

the

instructs

law to be innocent

,eal th bey(rncl every
i ty of guilt,
lished

clearly

'30

contr.aTY

the

o.- th

to the

Com.1Tionweal
th

o.: ~ver-:r

exc1usion

1•

rpothe-

u til

his

· a. ir

&lt;,;.,c

proven
,.ere

dou t.

of all

presrnned

undr '/'

by t:1e Cm· .onsuspicion,

suf'ficie:nt.

..e every

1-uon crnsideration

t:.

p1 il t is

s-',rong, is not

as to exel

11

t:1at

jury

rec conabl

however

essential

:Lnnoce:1ce.

2

The Court

fact

must be proven

doubt, nn

wi t·1 his

consistent

sis

jury

l

reasonable

or pro a ....il-

G ilft rust

b

estab-

hypothesis

to the

the evidence.

l.ll
T~1e Gou.rt i .st:r1:.ct
evi

en

and beyond

to C.l); .Jordan
I

t·. ,!•

The Court

r

.f;

froI!l.

l!1us

fli.rther

w en he sold

i eased,

corrrupted

aid Jordan,

that

jtT~'

reasonable

t find

unless

doubt
v·a

the

and. b-yond

sain. nf'at

t~~at the me t

:.en sold

not

j1.a&gt;y that
every

guilty

•

1.mless 1,:,e:· fti.rther

reasonable

to 8aiQ Jordan

or unwhole-

doubt tllat

sai&lt;t"

knew t 1 1at the same

or un hole some meat and conceale

then must find

e from t:_ 7./

they belie

cliseE.sed, corrupted

Bflid Pl i: ehart

instructs

from t:1e evidence

Hhinehart

0

by Pa"...i.lE .Rhinehart

some meat tl:en

believe

every

t?

• tld

Raid Fi:ine ~.a.rt not g· il ty.

~

:fact

�' .

�V

Court

The
from the

evidence

meat to the
Ri1i:1e: art
~.cOl u:.ich

sai

ft1I'tl1er

t·1at
Jord

the
11

instructs

said

in.:0:-JL

1'"
..new abou"'- ~:1e condition

it

uas

ta:cen, th n t·,

Rhi

the

jurYi_ t:.at

·1art w .e.1

·1.:;

t.~1e saicl Jordan
of the

if

s0ld

o:f. all

they belie
t"1e sain
·the

saict meat ,and the

, s11 :..1 i:'.i..nd t::e

st,id

said
steer

J llinc· art

not

re

�' .

��f

•

.9f1Vk-p J/;;~!!~
'rfJ,Ji, =J= L

r~

a,

°'1'-'~CJ/;~
~

~"-~
,,,,._,
~.(9.,,,__
LL.,1,~~
It

,.,_.

,,,._,
,,-,,,,,,
,,_,_,_j,'4
I~ (n,&lt;,,,,_J&amp;
~ F_
. • "f,,..,.. L ,.,,,,t~ 1= ,JI 11"1p_, =--' ,.,,....-nu.._

r

[,~------

_____________________

���</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76032">
                <text>1902</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76033">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Paul Rinehart</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76034">
                <text>Defendant charged with misdemeanor sale of diseased meat.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76035">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="76036">
                <text>Sale of Diseased Meat</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76037">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76038">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76039">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76040">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76041">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76042">
                <text>CCR001_003_038</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="292">
        <name>Jordan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1076">
        <name>Rinehart</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25057" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15058">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_011_032.pdf</src>
        <authentication>65ab6906aa42b2a7e45da998e23bb411</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280425">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Paul Roller</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280426">
                <text>1837</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280427">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="280428">
                <text>Theft</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280429">
                <text>Defendant charged with feloniously killing and stealing a heifer. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280430">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280431">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280432">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="280433">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="280434">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280435">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280436">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280437">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280438">
                <text>Ccr002_011_032</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1103">
        <name>Roller</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25130" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15131">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_010_045.pdf</src>
        <authentication>39e177662f8fe9e623e55f1dde816823</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281390">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Paul Rupert</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281391">
                <text>1832</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281392">
                <text>Sell Alcohol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281393">
                <text>Defendant charged with selling and retailing wine, brandy, rum, ardent spirits without license.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281394">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281395">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281396">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="281397">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="281398">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281399">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281400">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281401">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281402">
                <text>Ccr002_010_045</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1793">
        <name>Rupert</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3009" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2824">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/90385c22e43c0e45853e28d343d468e0.pdf</src>
        <authentication>277ef30e7c78ac32c218e06eb3fd3556</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48249">
                    <text>COMMONWEALTH OF V JRGINIA ,
COUNTY ·oF ROC KINGHAM, to-wit:
I n the Circuit Co urt of said CoWJ.ty:
The grand jurors i n and for the body of said county
of. Ro ckingham and now attendin g said' Court at its October
I

~

term, 1925 , upon their oaths do present t bat Paul Halte~rv'
ma.n,
/ .

wi thin one year next prior to the fth ding o f this indictme nt,

- ( l y manufact u.re ,
in the said cou.nty of Ro ckingham , did unlawfu
s ell , offer , keep, store and ex~o se for- sale, give away,
tr ans port , dispense·~ solicit , adverti se and re ceive orders
for ardent spirits, agaira t the peace a nd ·d·igni ty of the
Commonweal th o f Virginia .
And the jurors aforesai d upon their oaths a foresai d,
do further p resent that Paul Halt~ti'a n, within one year next
pri or to the finding o f t his indictm ent, i n the said coun t y
of Rockingh am, did unlawfu l ly have in his poss es sion ardent
spirits, against the peac e and digni ty of the Commonw ealth
of Virginia .
A11d the juro rs aforesai d upon their oaths af ore sai d,
do ;f 11rther present that Paul Haltema n, with i n one year next
prior to the find i ng of this indi.ct ment , in the said c ount y
of Rockingh am , di d unlawfu lly receive ard ent spirits, against
the _pe ace and di gni t y of the Commonweal th of Virginia .

✓

Thi s indictme nt i s found on the testimon y ofPjohn Funk

and Tom Lloyd, wi t nesses sworn in court and sent before t he
gr~n d jury to give eviden ce.

�t

{

"

~
/j
I~

' 1s ~l

,~'4'~
t~
4-

Commonwe alth

v ) Indi ctme nt

+.
('--;'

Paul HaltE1tnan

D
1

¾

~:.1~

~

:Mi s demeano r

~J} t]

Oc t ober term , 1925

ll { ~
*l1 ~

A '.I'r u e Bil l ;

'1) ·~

x f~f! i(

~ ~~

11

l~ ~
~ ~~

r1·
..... ':':'I

(

~

,.~

~½

&lt;:~

-")

~

.

D. W. Earnman
Commonwe alth 's At t or n ey

�INSTRUCTION NO. ____1__ .

The Court instructs the jury that in all
criminal cases the defendant's plea of not guilty
raises a presumption of innocence in his favor, which
it is the duty of the Commonwealth, before it can ask
for a conviction, to overcome by evidence which establishes the guilt of the accused beyond every reasonable
doubt, therefore if the jury after hearing the whole
case entertain any reasonable doubt as to the guilt of
the accused, it is their duty to find him not guilty;
and the Court further tells the Jury that a reasonable
doubt is that state of the ca s e wh ich after comparison
and consideration of all the evidence, leaves the minds
of the jurors in such condition that they cannot say
that they feel an abiding conviction to a moral certainty
of the truth of the charge.

�I
.- ---

I.Ls

L

... lml-:t'
a l.ti:

rl

nl

..,

r,

r

~O.t n'll

eI ·.srroa.G

v;

~d e

oaebl: v
979 .f&gt;LlO

ecf

.098lJO tl

, eo e.o · v

e

..t it rl
t;

0

I

a ai:.e'I
~

o ...

ol ;:t o.tv110

. .t

u

B 'I0.1.

'lo J 11.r.rg . rl;t a

o_t.[

oa e·t "&lt;?;rI.s n.t.s,h:e.t e ea.so

, .so 3 .;t lo e sita J-.s.d;t al

r o.i:rlN

oe.t'I q ,· ·

J.dj

O..i

B

s~.

0

H

Q')'.!6V O

... oit a.s f uob s!d

lo ;:t.[.i:n~

abn·

• c.J:Jc.ru.uaa1:q

r.

..

fI

- cf :tao

9'

r.r

lo

l ;t

'I O

l

u l ;:tl:.onoo 1i'. .rra Hl e·row t

ITO

anoo
·.bns

rl;t l o

�Arrest Warrant
WIT :
COM MON WEA LTH OF VIRG INIA , } TO
,
ROCK INGH AM COU NTY

- - - - -, a Constable of said Coun ty :
To- -'D ~'-=-__s~ ~2'. e:~~ ~....~ =----- - aid County, has this day mad e
said County,
,\L..__L...;..,Q~ ~~~ =~(_ .k.{ ,_:Z ..__ a Justi ce of the
the said County, did /
/,&amp;::M.~~~~~~

~ ~~

-~

~~~'!::::21.-t:1::Zd.~

~ ~ ~ ~~

u '

to appreweal th of Virginia, to com man d you forth with
mon
Com
the
of
e
nam
the
in
fore,
there
are
e
Thes
-----ce of the said County, the body of the said. hend and brin g be fo ~r some othe r Justi

C, ~ £ ~ / 1 ~to be further dealt with according to law.
to answ er the said com plain t and

'

And you are requ ired to sum-

-mon - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - offence.
mon weal th, on the ex mina tion touc hing the said
to appe ar and give evid ence in behalf of the Com
3/ 0- _
Give n unde r my hand and seal this__,~.,.__.,(£).,,.___

No. 38

�Co111111011ivealt h

.

vs.

} Arrest Warrant

Executed th e withi11 warra11t by arresti11g
and delivering t11 e body of

- f?~ . . / V : . ~ . . .

:·:::;l::,J!:,~~~·~~~;;~· ;,'Ji:!
moning the within nam ed w itnesses in person,
this ..

b..

day of .

od-... . . . ...

~'1 .

-

.

·

7

1

~ r ,\3--

Constab1£o ckingltam County.

t2N

.

�In the Name of the Commonwealth of Virginia:
To the Sheriff of Rockingham County, Greeting:

You are h ereby comm,anded to summon ..... ....................

d . . ~... .C~ ..--;:;;;f__.L.

to appear before the Judge of the Circuit Court of Rockingham County, at the Court
House thereof: at 10 o'clock, a. m., on the .. .- # . d:::.:day of

~

'. ... .... .19 .. .;?.~

to testify and the truth to say in behalf of the Commonwealth against .......... . . . ..... .

......... u?~
who stands charged with and indicted for a felony

misdemeanor .

.Jl.nd this . . .~
shall not omit under the penalty of £100 . .Jl.nd have then
and there this Writ.
Witness, J. F. BL.Jl.CKBUR.H, Clerk of our said Court, at t he Cou,rt House, the
~

. day of'..

4-M-_

. .. ,

19 ,,2,._f'ai;d in the l ~

h year of the Commonwealth .

................................, ,r.l;_A~..~ . . . . . , Clerk.
News-Record, Harrisonburg, Va.

�E x e cu ted~

.!- :l!"J , ,..,.,, "

by deliveri n g a tr u e Copy of the
I

w ith i n S u mm o ns t o •....

, '/;

~
&lt;:)

~

t

\

~

i~ ·.1J~ .· ,· . ~ ;
"
\

~

�In the Nam e of the Comm onwe alth of Virgini~~ ~
.,
To the Sheriff of R

You are hereby comm anded to summ on.

~ , ?};

I • gb&amp;ZL Cuanty ; Greetin g:

............................................... ...........

e f , . _ , , . . ~ ~~ ~-r-:s.

-

to appea r before the Judge of the Circui t Court of Rocki ngham
Count y, at the Court
House thereo f, at 10 o'clock , a. m., on the .....!:-:/ ~
da,y of ~ &lt; ......... 19 ..
to testify and the truth to say in behalf of the Commo nwealt h agains
t. .

~-/J---

. ....

...

.. {i?

~

.

who stands charge d with cind indict ed for a felony misde meano
r.
.11.nd this ....
shall not omit under the penalt y of £ 1 0 0 . .11.nd have then
and there this ;.;~~:·
Witnes s, J . F. BL.11.CKBUR.N", Clerk of our said Court,
at the Court H ouse, t h e
~
day of .......
1 9~
in the J.§.7). th year of the Comm onwea lth .

..;- r~.
-3'

CP.... Y-...

.. . .,

. . ,... , .cf.il. ec . ~ ~ . ,
New,-Reco rd. Harrison burl!. Va.

Clerk.

��~¢, fJ.

~

~~

%~

.~

�����.

T

\.

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33724">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Paull Halterman</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33725">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33726">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33727">
                <text>guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33728">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33729">
                <text>1925</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33730">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33731">
                <text>RcPr-box5-011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33732">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33733">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33734">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="440">
        <name>Halterman</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6493" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6229">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_010_307-commonwealth-v-p-martz-and-l-holinger.pdf</src>
        <authentication>35d00d98c539a09be2f18df01c6b22c8</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="76031">
                    <text>In the Name of the Commonwealth

of Virginia:
'l'et lhe ~huilf

ut k1w-ltln1hnm Cvuu1y. c;,-ce,tn.111

lo op11~&lt;11•
1,1'/(irr Uu .Tt6dft (If th~ l'tl"fl-li' C'.o.JA.rt
01 lkekrnflvrn,
llMllf1 O~rl'nf,

t..J../ •1/ ~
'u'.:;2::(/
~;,,m:o,,•;:;;.

~~t l01;'(Jl~l1•,

t,, ,,. ti f.q ""'' i;,- I ru I

ft.

,n.., 1111/Iv

,My

/

•'Ind, f}1f4

--&lt;f ~ ~1,nll ""'

J[)

J-/

cm~il ,uufr.r

m h«tr:mr,ut(J-,,.
11111
pt,1rnlt11 .,, .)..'JIJlj.

.Int'/ /1111·~

11,,,.

1/0.1 U"r11

IVJ'.J,i_..~,.J, ~OU/SRI

",/oy•f

nl lhe. l'u11rl

"JI, ",..I

of •••

wh,111trmd.1rl,,er_te.J •~rth r111,1i,,,U,.(t,l fur 4 fel~llf/

,,._,.,t
'""~

C~ltntu,

S II 'J 1'Z P.Ji, ('Ip-A.

l!~o•d

&lt;&gt;/otu· ~••M l'tu1r¢, n-i 111,il'uurl llt1,~bl'. 1111·
·•.!¥ ,sg \Mr.fl,'. c .... ,,,.,,.,..,.,,,

, /C, ~/

~

± .

c1-,1,.

�•
...

�In the

ome o-f the Commoowcah-h of Virgluiu:
'l'o lM Sb('rifl ol Ruckin.gbam

td1,1

ofoiWl~ r/u11•fed, ,, jtlt ,wil

../ttd lhta
(tml

tl1-'n

'1

~{

I mliN, t1 f,,,.11f tlqqy

kllflll ,wt (llf~i't

(111-flrr

c-1ilf•

Ct«til'lll1

~'"''":mr'r:"'
o,~11rn111t11or:.f:JtJ()_ .11111/illt'('

11,~•n,

(]111 W'r1t,

~¼:--'"·
J. RfJPJt'/.'J
u, ~r

~

(.,

SWITZER,

.../", •
ff

J!l?

,~1,,1..
ofour.,,M

l,m(}.

u/ 11,t Owr/ /lc,tt1r*

~,"'t ,-.A/'~1.;5':_1~ , of
,,

y~

t/1~.c

i/,.,.

'"'",.."'
~,lllt
/ ~ • .....__
, l7,rk,

�3,tocuted Jtf-.n ;.5± 1~2:c-1, ~ deli vt"r1 nc a true cor,y of
ti.e ·•1thin a.1.C1:.:2.onds
111 pereon to eacJ-. re w,~Tet1d to
WlzlJle1,i \lluebu.,.d) • .;ariha lU1&lt;glei:t&amp;n to Pete k113£l""-""
(llusbr.n&lt;I •
~

:&gt;uo y for

~a•(.&amp;Uu

~.R . .i&amp;•lev.

S.h C.

"{~

i

_)..
\')

.

3~'l;,

~.

~i

•.•

'

•
·--~~

&lt;&gt;-.. ~ J

t

�ame of I he Common wen Ith of Virgin in:

In the

Tc:, ,be Sbt&lt;1Ill ot Rndtli11ll111111
C&lt;,1uu)'. Gl'C'ctinci

)j1&gt;14orl

JM,.,-.by M,,.,,,

J~:nu.d'-&lt;,

M. t5&gt;ra~.,,
✓~~ - ---,ndJl'tl

«&gt; •wum

~ 7&lt;

~---

&lt;:I(,

,.....

...

{hern&gt;f. ~,t t()(J'&lt;•ffk.k.

t,1 /hf;

fu a.n.dU1,,-.
I r11 I I, to •tty

_..,.,,

"Ir

I --

il

I/It

""··

11,r

(°(,"r1 of l:,,f'f..iltfh.«m

/{D

.d ;1,,,,
tJt

t n he.hall ol tlut CU,rm1&lt;,1mwol1h

r

,

1Hlk eh.nrJt,,1 ljjit/1 (rn,l 1tttUclt'1I fur a f ~!(),,JI

, l,ul t/tif

-;t'

,( ~ ;,"7

A

ll111A$l:

11 / 1,, .,.,,

~

t..,~~

l•J tt-JIJJf'ltf' f&gt;t.j(,rl', tlui ,lu.il§l! tJf the 01rNtit

l4

?

,.

/

-/

(),_""'ti•
,~t

r· ~

••lniMI

ui brl('m11,uirn: ..

~ltti/1 ,,,,, omi1' l4114l,r ihr pf',r,1l ty of J! JOO. . Ir,,/ lttu·t

/lint

011d tl,,rf! 4Ju1 JJ"rH

l~'"itn&lt;-!I. J.10/IJ:.Jlf

,to, o;
.

Q H,.,_

SWl1'ZJtl.',
HI

l'lrrJ.• of our ,,ut
~ t1ffd i,t tJu
~

§_ '/,~+

lfl'J/.

rQ

u.t t};r C"1•rl
~«ro/ IA, t' m

~

J

J),

111:r.

111,.

u:f"fllt#.

, C/,rA

�.~ec1.1ted Jh:. !!&gt;th Ig2'i, r:ydeliverlng
a true copy· of
tt.e wl tin 1. au.:......onde in pereort to ••c.h, ~ :, F&amp;w.L~y-,
Fr..,nr P:a.r."le, :t..01lae Llt.ten,
S.C.Heltz.el,S.P
tJew-~n,
a.ary S111Wlette, Sarah Giw....ere, and Ch•rles
Siu.mer•• on

Phone,Geor~• Yulk by dtl1vor1ng
Geor-a• :l'\;.lk a.t, hie ueualr@ae,:

a true copy ,o llr•
of u.liode,

J!/:~fflk
CR i'awley,

~-

J

t ,t

~

r [1
~

ll',:p~y

for

s R c.

,,

~

'la •

~J__
'

:,.

1"

�CoMllO~WL\Lrn

l

nF ,---,RGISIA

't'o WJT:

R\1c."l.:1s,a1,
,, C-OLXTY.

To

----,

Whereas. alt.-

~

~-4,

.wt;ff,

....+«'i

Ccmstnbli•of i;1111I('ounly;

/f: lX./.{_,
,Q+,..,.,
.()f I.he said Counl), Im~I.hisdo) m.1dl'

complain1 ;ind inform:r1N&gt;non ooth bdorl! me.. ...'-... .. f ...,,. , ~

tholl~.,_}'f..,:;

(I

r

j.._,,1:)}t-.

9 Juslice of &amp;be~kl County.

J

,,/!i::h./-//
d:.y of ~-,
192-¥, iu thc sNd County. ,lid
-~~ 0-t,u,
~~• f;;&lt;J ',.,.,,,,/ u,,1,.,;.,..f&lt;t,1t...,._.,,,,.:..,~

of 1bc said Coul)I\, on the

~,'..,.,/r
F
~

wc:J.~-?~~ d d;.,,..:h:.., ~~._._._~
... !J L~....... .~ ..a.,
4,.,,,,,,,,,,~J
~'_J

/.

-

i/

Tiicsc are lbertlore. ig dw malll\.' ul the Commoo\\t.'Q.Jtb of \'if!!i.4.ia..t(t comm:md !~OUfo1tb~ ilb 10 llpr•ril"
hl·m.l ::u:iJbrinq: before me. or

:~1-)lia

:,&lt;&gt;l''-'
ot..bc.rJustice of 1l1t.tS'.J.iJ.
Counr,&gt;,.~~ body of

r

,,,,.,,o( , ,,.J ILt..w..- __

,-d

to unswer 1hc uitl C&lt;nnph1in1

to be Cunher 1h.--:,11
flh

according-/411,w.

lhf"

!l:tid

And you iir\! ,cquited 10 sum•

mon-

10oppe:,ruml ~i\"e cYideoce in bclulC of 1..hc
Comm,,nw~:1lth,on the C!C,uninatiootouch,nir the :midoffc:nc.,~.

Given untlcr nly haod nnd ~cul IILiS / f

day of-AJ-

-b'.,--

--;,J...,...,
l 1, Jtt!/;., ~

, in 11h~yt'1!r 1,..J- •

.~
4

L~mrdJ.P. (Senll

�I' •!IU-.-.:idJJa

,.. t

An·r .. , \\·arrant

•

f).(Ullf"J d11auhi,

u!l,I lld1vcr1,qt f~• f""j

\o ,,,- ..

"I

,u ,,,, """""

!If

�•
'•

•

-

a..,._.,.(

v),rl.,..p, /Jt,,,/iv'
I

v~

I

14-.-/4..,

•

•

•

•
•

....,..,.r,Ao•Ir!

.J••l~ll!t\11•

'fi,\.

Y

1

0

• •

��..c~~:o =

T

I IA,

0"

,)l

t.

I

11'

ta-,it:

'ICI

it .. •Y~rt 0

.,.,

-~.

&lt; ..,

-~--

r
,u

n

1

t

0

t

0

l

V1

1

&gt;l

.✓
.

0

r ll,

•

•

-

r o

.l

••

r •

r

1

·-•

0

t

1

0

✓,-

,

-.=

,_(2,.

-- •

-· •
•
0

I

V

•V

'.".

V

I

•

�•

•

\
\

...

•

·l

..
.,

"

•

,.
0

•

lli,

•

..
J·'
\

-,

I

~

'

�COJIIID:irll•r.m

'19lo1111(&amp;blutSoa)

TS,
l'anOD

Karts

I.lln7 lolaillgV

��</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76019">
                <text>1928</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76020">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Paxton Martz and Lurty Holinger</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76021">
                <text>Defendants charged with felony abduction.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76022">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="76023">
                <text>Abduction</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="76024">
                <text>Abduction</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76025">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76026">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76027">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76028">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76029">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="76030">
                <text>CCR001_010_307</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1075">
        <name>Holinger</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="495">
        <name>Martz</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="376">
        <name>Simmers</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24997" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14999">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_012_024.pdf</src>
        <authentication>5231532961ccc139cfd2ae0434bda74b</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279624">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Peachy Roadcap</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279625">
                <text>1841</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279626">
                <text>Petit Larceny</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279627">
                <text>Defendant charged with petit larceny. Not Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279628">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279629">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279630">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="279631">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="279632">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279633">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279634">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279635">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279636">
                <text>Ccr002_012_024</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="172">
        <name>Roadcap</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3157" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2971">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/bfa5e35af3a328e58d5dac79dbf6c07e.pdf</src>
        <authentication>a87863718d9f1de8b453ba1ea1ad081c</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48396">
                    <text>COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA,
COUNTY OF ROCKI NGRAJ~, to-wit:
In the Circuit Court of said County:
The jurors of the Commonwealth of Virginia in a nd
for the body of said county of Rockingham, and now attending
said Court at its April term, 1928, upon their oaths do present
that Percy Pirkey on or about April 9, 1928, in the said county
of Rock ingham, did unlawfully and feloniously give , and dispense
ardent spirits to Christina Shifflett, an i nf ant about fifteen
years of a ge, a gai nst t he peace and di gnity of t he Commonwe alth
of Vi~ginia.

Th is i ndictment is found on the testimony of Chris t ina
Shifflett, Newton Shifflett, and Lillie Shiff lett, witnesses sworn
i n Court and sent bef ore t h e grand Jury to give evidence.

�Giving ardent spirits to a
mi nor .
Commonwea lth
v) Indictmen t
Percy Pirkey

Felony
April term, 1928

A True Bill:

(J_A ,

fl

D. Vl. Earrran
Commonwe alth's Attorney

�I N TF

CIRCUI T COURr OF ROCKI NGH \! COUT'JTY , VI RGI NIA

COMMO] rn.ALTH
CHARG~ TO THE JURY

V

PERCY P I RKEY

I f you f i nd t he a ccused , Percy Pirkey , no t gui lty , y ou
will say so and no more .
I f y ou f i nd. him guil ty as charge d in the indictment , then
you will say s o and ascertai n his puni shment by co nf i nemen t i n
t he penitent i ary for a period of not le ss than one nor more than
five years , or , i n your d i scretion , b; co nfinement i n jail not
le ss tha n six months nor mor e than twelve months, and by a f i ne
not exc ee di ng five hundred dollars.

�Commonw eql th
V

Percy Pirkey
•

Charge t o th e Jury
i.)

;J

··l

��--{--

't
I

,

'' If

I

T
I
j_

I

l

41.,~ 1,,

1//,#/

I

-1--1--H'

�•'

I

FeloDy'

V

·V

I .

. . ·=. I, f.I ;-t.

..,../

J

•. {
(/ t .

.l•

.

~

i
t

,~,.

/

l

l
I

;
;

t'i-- .

J

X

�.,

\

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35513">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Percy Pirkey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35514">
                <text>Felony; Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35515">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="35516">
                <text>guilty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="35517">
                <text>Provided ardent spirits to a minor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35518">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35519">
                <text>1928</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35520">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35521">
                <text>RcPr-box7-048</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35522">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35523">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35524">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="496">
        <name>Pirkey</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3340" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="3154">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/c2364a26ef19a4e0b153a070969def97.pdf</src>
        <authentication>379a05769d777c12e5655770e9a20b1e</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48579">
                    <text>CO .10N , ~LT H OF VIRGINIA,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM , to - wit :
In the Ci rcuit Court of said County :
Th e jurors of t h e Commonwe a l t h of Virg i '1 ia, in and
for t he body of t he county of Rockingh am, and now attend i ng said
Court at its Jun e term, 1932 , upon their oaths do present that
Perry Good, on or about

une 24 , in said county , did unlawfu lly
(ardent s p i rits )
have in his possessi on four gallons of beer,,.,__ against the peace

and dignity of the Commonwealth of

irg i nia .

This indictrne nt is found on the testimon y of
G. A. Lawson, W.
in

i .

Lucas, and

V•

T.

exrode , witnesse s sworn

ourt and sent before the grand jury to give evidence .

�Poss . beer

v--

Commonwealth
v) Indictment
Perry Go od

is demeanor
•

June t erm , 193 2

Tru~ Bill :

Witnesse s: W. T. Rexro de
G. A . Lawson
W. E. Luc a s

• W. Earman
ommonwea l t ·1 ' s Attorney

/

�Comm onwea lth of Virginia-City, County o
To the Prohibition Inspectors, Sheriffs, Sergeants, and all Police Officers and Constables of the State of Virginia
-Greeting:

WHEREA S

?,{) ,,() .ex ~...

has this day made complaint and information on oath hefore

p ~ . . of the sa,ct &amp;°f.,
me,W.VV./ . ~. .~ ....9:l..r..
Name of Mairis trate

~ · ····

of the said City/Count y that he verily believes, that in the said "J::y/ County and State:
(a) That Ardent Spirits_ (e being unlawfully manufactur ed, sold, kept. st ored, possessed, h~ld, u sed a nd
con-

cealed in a mtain
by one ~

N~l &amp;: !::! ~
A..o

~;:r;~·-··· · . ..

0: ;;~;~, ;;;;;} •{;~,~ " ,, " ' ,,,.;;,,,,;;;;;,,;;;::

.. . . .

.

(b) A still, still cap, worm , tubs, fermenrters an d other appliances conn ected with such still and used, and
mash
and other sub stance s, capable of being u sed, in the manufactur e of Ardent Spirits, are unlawfully in the possession of, and unlawfull y used by one
Give name, if name unk no wn, sav, " \ Vhose name is to the informant unknown"

in ·a certin
Here describe place as in (a) above

( c) A rd en t Spirits are being unlawfully kept , held , stored , concealed, u sed·, sold , and unlawfully transported
in
certain baggage or a certain vehicle, to-wit: a certain
Here describe ,·ehiclc, aut.o, wagon, carriage, buggy, boat, baggage or what not

by one ..... .... ...... ..... ... .... .. ... .. ... ....... ... .
Here s:?"ive name. or describe as in (a) a hovf"

And there being rea sonable cause for such belief:
TH ESE ARE, THEREFO RE, IN THE NAME OF THE COi\1MON \ 1VEAL TH OF VIRGINIA , to command you, with all necessary and proper speed and assistance, t o search the hou se, place, baggage, boat or
vehicle herein designated, either in day or night, and seize such ardent spirits and their containers and other things
apparently possessed or used in violation of law, and brin g the same and the person or persons, in whose possession they are found, and also any person resisting, impeding, obstructing , or in any manner ~indering or delaying you in the execution of this warrant before me, or some oth er officer ha Ying jurisdiction of the case,
to be
disposed of and dealt with according to law; and make r eturn of this warrant showing all acts and things
done
thereunder, with a particular statement and sufficient de scription of the things seiz ed and the name of the person
in whose possession found, if any, and if not found in the possession of any one, so state in your return, and post
a
true copy of this warrant and the return thereof, as required by law .

Ghen uncle, my hand and seal this ..:1,..3 .day of. -~

-

~ ~Jffr. . ...

(SEAL)

Title of

Magistrate

�DIRECTIO NS
1. If only Ard ent Spirits and containers be seized

the Magistrate shall fix a time no t less than 10
nor more than 30 days from the elate of r eturn
for the h ea rin g of said return. If no claimant ap pear, the Ardent Spirits and article·s are to be fo rfeit ed to Commonwe alth. Any p erson claiming
any of same must fi le a written claim stating particularly the character and extent of his intere st
therei1J, whereup on the Magistrate shall certify th e
warrant, written claim and articles claimed, to th e
Ci rcuit or Corporation Court, as the case may be,
for determinati on, and declare t he unclaimed a rticl es forf eited .

2. If still, s till cap, worm , tub s, heate r. ferm enter,,

or a ny app liance connected with a still and u sed.
or mash or other substa nce capable of being used,
in th e manufactur e of Ardent Spirits, be seiz ed.
the mash (after taking sample) shall b e destroyed,
a nd the facts a nd articles seized reported to the
prohibition Commissio ner and Commonwe alth 's
Attorney. (A copy of thi s warrant a nd proper r e turn w ill be a suffici ent notice a nd report.) Ard ent
Spirits and co ntain ers dispos ed of as in No . l
above.

r

3. If Ard ent Spirits are being tran sported in a n automobi le, boat, wagon, buggy, o r other vehicle, the
A rdent Spirits and containers shall be preserved
and the vehicle shall be delivered to t he Sergea nt
of th e City, the facts reported to the Prohi bition
Commissio ner and Co mmonwealt h's Attorney a nd
Ard ent Spirits and containers disp osed of as provided in No. 1 above. (A copy of this warrant an d
prope r return will be sufficient report.)

The following named officer s and p er sons assisted me in the execution of this warran t :

WARRAN T TO SEARCH FOR ARDENT
SPIRITS, ETC.

:~ ~:: C:;:: t;;;;;;;;;;;;;;::: : : : : :

Comm onwealth of Virginia

vs.vi
/
· ········· ··· ···· ~·-✓ ···~ ·······
~

Exern,edtJ '&lt;

withfo. wurnot ti /4 if; ;;;

of ... ~h.:Y W.·7:J ·····,l9
with in stated .. . ...... ... ...V

..... , by

.ilh. . &amp;.~·····~ ~I. . . . . . . . . . .

Other than above stated the fo llowing a re witnesses :

sear ching the

~

J-Ie re state h ouse, r oom , p lace

a nd by se1z111 g th e fo llo win g desc rib ed Ard ent Spirit,
an d other thin gs t h erein fo u nd (a nd a rres ting the
above named pe r so n fo und in possession t hereof) and
by pos tin g a tru e copy of this wa rra nt a nd th e return

Th is matter set fo r h ea ring on th e
of

hereo n on th e

, 193 ..

H ere say place, hou se, r oom , boat,

No cla im of owne rship or interes t in any of the
sa id thing s seized havin g been fi led herein in complia nce with th e law, the same are he reby adjudged
and declared co nfi scate d and forfeited to the Commonwea lth .
D escript ion of Arden t Sp irits a nd oth er s things

Given under my hand this
of.

.... ... ........ ....... day

.... ............ , 193 ..
.. ··•·•·•·······
Title of Magistrate

Written claim of ownership or interest having
been filed to certain of th e said thin gs he rein seized this wa rrant, the said cla im and the things in
th~ cla im particularly de scribed, are hereby ce r tifi ed
to t h e
... .... ....... Court of this .. .
for dete rmination, and the said things unclaimed ar e
h ereby adjudged a nd decla red confi scated and fo rfeited to th e Co mmonwea lt h.
Given under my band this ................ ...._,,

of
4. A copy of thi s warrant and th e return th ereo n
must be pos ted a t the front doo r of th e house, o r
on th e door of the room, or on the p remises at th e
p lace th e Ard ent Spirits may be found.
See Sectio ns 21 1/z , 22, 23, 231/,, 57 a nd 57 ¼, Acts of
Assembly, 1918, Page 578.

...... day

.... cl ay

. , 193.
Title of Magis trate

N O T E.-U nl ess warrant issued for Ardent Spirits
being tra nspo rted in ve hicle, boat, o r baggage, it is
to l, e returned to th e jurisdiction from w hich iss ued.
If iss ued for Arde nt Spirits so tran sported, it can be
ex ecut ed in any part of th e State, and returned to any
ju stice in a ny co un ty or city through w hi ch th ey are
ca rri ed.

�Arrest Warrant
Commonwealth of Virginia,
Rockingham County,

/4

ti

To-Wit:

To ...................................................................................................................................., a Constable of said County:
of the said County, has this day made
~
Whereas, .............aJ........
Cl4 . ~. . .. . . . .a Justice of the '
complaint and information on oath before me, ............/.3..4 . ••.••

... . .. ..... . .. ...

!J::...

said County, that.·-···-······JP~........

~~:~~t:::. L

.6.:.~..

d~~£'.;i~~~i~

···- .... .. ...................................... -······-····-··············-·····-·········-·········-··················

~a~ of

2

: ~ ~ ~ ~ - · . - . ·~ ~ ~ j;«-T
These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to command you forthwith to

=:~;~~t:~~~~::i: ~:i;:2:~~::~Et:~~~::;~~:: :;·~: b:z~;=~:: :
to summon................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth, on the examination touching the said

-d

offence.
Given under my hand and seal this .... ~.J...::: : -....day of......... . .. .. .. .. ................ , in the year 192.:-Z-...... .

. .... . . ....... . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .e.... V.~. .,. . . . .... . . J. P. [Seal]

�.
~~~~.~~•
~~~.~~L?~~.C,~. ~~~~~~

ST~T.~ ..

~~~:tli:= of the Peace !n a nd for the

-

,

~

~

....

_..,

and
a harn, Virginia, do • hereby certify that .. .... .... .. .............
Co unty of Rockin
.
W-. ••······;····,,...··-···---·o .....•.................
i
•

~;;~;:;:··;:·:::··::m·~,·•·"'Q :
;
:
~::::::;;:·
:
·
:
~
;
:
,
t:::
;~~, :,:J . .:::,:'::::z
~~=!. . 3
.. .
~

~.Dollars

~~~:£ .That the

t els, upon t h~s

~ .........)

($ ... / . ~..Q...

to be made and levied of their goods and chat-

.
r"-

·····-.:_ ····shall appear before the under-

·······~

said ....~

G&gt;,__

£.=::......

day of ...;;...~ · ·:····················• lU..~
signed or the . ircuit C o ~ J d ng harn County;-Ji the
is wa~nt, or to await the
and not leave hence without leave of the said Court, to answer the charge ~
.._
.
actio!1 of the Gra~d J1 ry of the said &lt;_:~ty upon the within charge.
Given under my hand this, the~.,:L ....day of ..~ ~:·············•.
.......... ,.... !.......

~

C:

&amp;.~.. .e. . . 1J ~ P.
J.

....'

~

....
......"'

&lt;
.

~~

.
~
i::

t

Q

E
E
Q

u

.

.,:

i ...

. ""
... -t
'"CS.::
. -..,
.....

.,:

...
iii

t

. ..,
:,

0
~

u
&gt;&lt; i::

:

~

-~

j

·~

&gt;,

.c:

~

~

e
0

.,

.

;

.

...

~
..O •

·2., ."'

.
.

"

~

i::

Q

U

OS

::
:

J

.s .,
·-

!:

~

~

..

.,

..

... ...

.,: .,:

i:: ..,
i::

c=

;::i ...

......-

·-

r..

.

~

-."'
.:::

ri;

~

..,"':,

i::

.,

.

...

~

..
r..

...

~

i::

.....
......

&lt;

-~

&lt;

.
-~

;.:::
.::
f

i::

&lt;
~

"'

§

::

e

i::

~

Q

00

~

a. ......~

~

v

&amp;19-

--

ti

::-)

&gt;&lt; u

S:
rr
t-&lt; l

+,

..,

:,
u

r

::
~

..,

1:1

i:: ..,

=

- ~
·~

Q

.s....,

:;

.

~

.

Cl-.

....

.,:

§

..

·t

:i

....

...

"S

Q

!
~ l

Ill
~

i::
..:,:

j .

i...;

; : ·=

~o

.!:

·-""

I

0

:a...
i

Q

u

~

rilil .OS

O:S

.,:

~
,..,.

·-

o,

I

II

e
....

~:

1:1

i:i.

=
..

~

.,:
u

·"cu'

=

~

Ill&gt;.

":,

i::

._.

....

c:,

""

s

~

.5

iii'

~

·-

~

i::

C

...

:,

u

-+-

~0., ..,
=
-=! S

Q

~
;-I

-~· "'="'

i:: ..0

!'

1

~..
~
i:: ...

§

Q

OS

.,:

~

q,i

i::

--i\

i::

•

lIIIS ·:

OS'"'

:a...

i:i.
S::

.Cl

...

~

~

- &gt;,

&gt;,
..0

1

rlJ

:,

Gl

OS

:::

.

·e s

"'...
...

...
...f

t!l.'.1..i...... .

~

~

0

m-

+-t
.
' -r-::

0

e

§

U

...

~

IP

~

~!

~

t:

..,

:,

C")

rm

~
=

.c:~

.,

•

i:

...0

~

·;

,-,

...

,

/

�Common wealth of Virginia:
You are hereby commanded to summon .. .

Jd~~~~~~~~t~, -~re~t-i~~:

to appear before the Judge of the Circ it Court of Rockingham Coun t y, at the Court House thereof,

£..

at/ ~ o'c ock, a. m., on the .. .

or,..

to testify and the truth( ~ _:n ~h~l~ of the

. ... . .. . . .. -11/..
who stands charged

19 ..

-,,,..._~..-....i::----·

-:f

before the GRAND JURY .

-~'~"~~~T.c:7•7r······· . . . ....

;
ith ta :indicted
wt

And this . ........... -~

for a felony misdemeanor.

. ..... . ..shall not omit under penalty of £100.

And have then and

there this Writ.
Witness,· J&lt;)R OBERT SWITZER, Clerk of our said Co ,rt, at the Court Housr, thr .

d,y of

If "0f:L!

P a L. Pltt:SS . HMIIUSONBUR• . VA

1, 7 } ;,md ;n th,

k .2£.~

~7~

Chk

�i

.""'
0 ~

!
I

,I
,,

(

I

0

I
I

l

;

.,.

11

�In the Name of the Commonwealth of Virginia:
You are hereby commanded to summon ..

~

a~ .t?f~

-°-t~: ~r~~tin~:-

· · ··••?.7.l.;: ::~:( 7 / ~ :

•1l._t• •··· ~

and indicted for a~misdemeanor.
And this .. ..

"-''7"\..~ ~

. ....

shall not om.it under /mialt y of ·..£ 100.

"
'

d,y ;;m,/:;Ts~;J:;:,~;';~ ;~,:J!!!tfi?~
there this Writ.

Pa L. PRE SS , H ARRI SONflU RG , VA

A nd have then aud

~

d-

�0

...,

QI

:J
(3

al
X
!.l

C

l....

I
.&amp;

i

~

I f fJc:2/

/~ II

��I

rI

r

1

-t

- i1

�Ot-,J,,,-~

/lt..L

J

c17, {
r.·
a•
Lei

11

-j.- r-

t,(. ilt.u · ).-.,; ~.,.

·1

Z.c..L4::c~

~ G/

1

e

t_.

~,tt:4~

COMMONNEALTH

4)..,...

v.

&amp;

Misdemeanor

-

( .

J

(Pro.)

�•

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37758">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Perry Good</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37759">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37760">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="37761">
                <text>guilty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="37762">
                <text>posession of ardent spiirts- beer</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37763">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37764">
                <text>1932</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37765">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37766">
                <text>RcPr-box9-066</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37767">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37768">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37769">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="554">
        <name>Good</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24212" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14286">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_022_043.pdf</src>
        <authentication>7bbd8b85bd8dfd1c1234f4f3c666bb2b</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269545">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Perry H. Shaver and Jane Bible</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269546">
                <text>1903</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269547">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="269548">
                <text>Larceny</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269549">
                <text>Defendants charged with two indictments for felony larceny. Shaver was found guilty. Bible was found not guilty.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269550">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269551">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269552">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="269553">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269554">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269555">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269556">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269557">
                <text>Ccr002_022_043</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="537">
        <name>Barton</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="410">
        <name>Bible</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="148">
        <name>Shaver</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24857" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14859">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_014_016.pdf</src>
        <authentication>260b018a2a2770b7dbe88897c5718256</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277766">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Perry McCall</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277767">
                <text>1853</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277768">
                <text>Assault and Battery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277769">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and battery. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277770">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277771">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277772">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="277773">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="277774">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277775">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277776">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277777">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="277778">
                <text>Ccr002_014_016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="2818">
        <name>Blair</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1087">
        <name>McCall</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
