<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items?output=omeka-xml&amp;page=135&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle" accessDate="2026-05-11T23:48:22+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>135</pageNumber>
      <perPage>20</perPage>
      <totalResults>4487</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="24305" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14379">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_021_051.pdf</src>
        <authentication>97343d72871903b79393fe5b66ee6d7a</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270705">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Scott Weast</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270706">
                <text>1900</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270707">
                <text>Selling Alcohol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270708">
                <text>Defendant charged with retailing liquor without a license. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270709">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270710">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270711">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="270712">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270713">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270714">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270715">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270716">
                <text>Ccr002_021_051</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1314">
        <name>Weast</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25850" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15765">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_003_071.pdf</src>
        <authentication>922c54c5dc695eebe8c0d7318acd4039</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290332">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Seazer (Ceazer or Cesar)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290333">
                <text>1814</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290334">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="290335">
                <text>Theft</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290336">
                <text>Defendant charged with feloniously taking and carrying away a wagon cover.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290337">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290338">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290339">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="290340">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290341">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290342">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290343">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290344">
                <text>Ccr002_003_071</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1601">
        <name>Cafman</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1600">
        <name>Ceaser</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1538">
        <name>Cesar</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1599">
        <name>Seazer</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2824" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2639">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/d8425c4817727987d3ae55a93afe7181.pdf</src>
        <authentication>78ef99bd5e7545f5cafdeee504835313</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48064">
                    <text>STATE O VIRG I I ,

co
Int e

0
ur · o

I rcuit

KI T'.iR .. , to-w i

R

·ounty:

sai

T e grand jurors

or the bod

n and

o

sai

county of ~ oc ingh am a nd now at tenrling said court a t its
•

J une term ,
......

·am

1.

'

thin one

ear nex

indictr.ient , in the sa i

county

r ns ort ,

.m, 4id
'

oc i .IP
'

'.J

rtd ex· o s e f

eeJ) ,'
I

w

• e· don

ing of this

r

p

manu acture , sel l , of er ,
give

l \

921 , u on their oaths/ l -~ . resen
,
' t tha

•

un awfu l y
r

SD 1 e

,

is en•··~ . so l 4ic.i: t , ,o, vertise ~me
'I

receive or ders fo

ardent spiri ts ; -~gef
' ,
d gni ty of the Commonweal t 1 o Virginia •.
,

the Jeace ~n

"~

,,.,

his indictme 1

w.

is

.L OU11d,1/0 n - ~

E. Lucas , a witness sworn in court nn

I

grand j ur

to · 1~e evi ence .

{l,:.--l-s- '&lt;h~
M,,A.~

~

C

l Cf)

in:;,,, ~v, ck
M

lo

1 ,t 1

1,t,'t"

e t es timon:1 of
sent before t e

,

�Commonweal h

...

I ndictment
&gt;: Sl eilid.on Lam

't.

161.

.
Mi srlemB8l'.l:Or
rahibi tio n Acts

',0r-

sJ
'

.

1

11rnr

~

1-

.

.v

Tr ue

eTm . 192

il

.

.._ , •
Co m• onwe i:,

• 1~a.rman

th ' s Att orney
~

�~tatt Normal ~r4nnt i!;arrinnnhurg, lllirginia
CHEMICAL LABORATORIES

REPORT OF ANALYSIS
Sample .........:B..e.v.~x.~gf:1 ............{.o.b.t aine.d ....f.rom ... Selde.n ... Lam}.
'---

Presented for Analysis by .......

~~.J~.1.ff...W.•....L.fL.. D..1.l ltU:(L ....................... .............

For Determination of .....XincL ..and

.. Percentage .o.f Alc.o hol

.

Date

.JY...n.~

.r./ r ..... 19 21 .

RESULTS OF ANALYSIS

Sampl e "O"

Sampl e showed e· ~hyl( gr ~in) al • 10h01 n :t"eSe nt

,O

t ho , txte nt

I ~£'

f Si .. 5 b~

.

···--

Discussion and Interpretation of Analysis :

I n terms of "proof" the s trength of the alcoholic sampl e pre s ented wouJ.d read 113.08 proof'.

I hereby certify that the above is correct to the best of my knowled

DatiUne ...~.., .............................. 19 .... 21

vvu......-

~c1~ LYST

�• ,_'&lt;."':'

r.- .-·

�Arrest Warrant
COMMONWEAL TH OF VIRGINIA,
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY,

These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to command you forthwith to apprer Justice of the said County, the body of the said.--- - - - to _answer the said complaint and to be further dealt with according to law. And you are required to summon - - - - - - -- - --:c--~-- -- - - ~ - - - - - -- - - --- , - - - - - - - - - - - -- to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth, on the examination touching the said offence.
Given under my hand and seal

thi,J ~ ~
,

No. 38

NEW S- RE CO RD CO ., HA RRIS O NBUR G, VA .

, in the year 192-f.
J. P. (Seal)

�,~/VI

~t

r
f ~

lo/ 2- J

I

r

Commonwealth
vs.

} Arrest Warrant

Executed the within warrant by arresting

before .................... .......................................... ............. •

I

a Justice of Rockingham County, and by sum-

. t 1-ie wit. 1mi
· nam ed w itnesses
.
. person,
mo11mg
III

\

�COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To-wit:
To

. . . . .~.~~• ••~ ,;:~i~~~ftl:c·~==:, · ~,:~: :c:l: d,a: f: .,: : :
:::,e:::e c::~:::n~ha('.1J;;as~~ li£~k ~~
2

These are there:f,ore in ! ~rnn~
····· ·· ···· ······· ···· · · · · · ··· ·· ·· · · ~

•··· · ·· l

the Commonwealth to comm nd you forthwith to search said

·~

· ····· ······ ·· :· ··· ·· ········ --· ········ ·· ·········· ·· ·· ···· ·· ···· ···· ·· · ······· ······· ········ ·······

for ardent spirits and if such ardent spirits are found, to take them into your possession and also
to take said car into your possession and bring the said ardent spirits and the person or persons in whose possession they are found before me, or some other Justice of said County, to
answer the said comi)laint and to be furth er de' with according to law.
Given under my hand Lhis ..

/2 . .

day of.. .... . ············ ·· ·~ " y ~····· , 1921_.

·······•· ····~ '·7 •TILL•~

·.·· &lt;SEAL)

�~o/

1/
Searc Warrant for Cars

COMMONWEALTH ·

�INSTRUCTION NO.

---

The Court instruct s the jury that in this case,as in all crimina l
'
oases,th e prisone r's plea of not guilty raises a presump tion of innocenc e
in his favor and puts upon the Commonwealth the burden of proving his
guilt beyond reasonab le doubt. If therefor e,upon a conside ration of the
whole case,the testimon y of the witne sses and the circumst ances proven
in evidence ,there exists in the minds of the jury a reasonab le doubt
as to the guilt of the accused ,they shoul cl find him not guilty •

•
•

�I

�JULS 23 t 1921

~o

J. F. Blackburn , Clerk o-" t he Court,

Rockingham County, '1"'1 rg1ni&amp; :

Cormno:nvrea l th vs . Selden L

!o Analys is of Beverege •••••••••• •••••••••• •••••• • •• • ••• •• • $3. 50

�)

•

,11-

I;)

/J

)

I

I , )

&gt;

IJ

t

4t

..

(t

II

t

4

Y

-,

•

.

..

II

(t

1

l

••

•

I•

,

•

I

,

'I

~

�6,

l J, \t f-t). l
r

~

$1,lr/.&amp; i ,_

-t .

Y

I .) / / / ·

;f~

M/c/2 :~

L

y~ ;:~,, vi&lt;'
f · g,.i.,,·t01

,j{_ , ,fl ,
I' J_

,1 • ·f,u 2:·-,~

IP;CA.) ..""l-

r; .

- \. ' -· /

1 _· l,

t&amp;· .~

-I

��~e Court instruot a tlt&amp; jury that t1..cy a.re the Ju~s of the
c:redib1 l1ty Of th vdtneoae o • and. that 1n d.ete:rm~ning tlie wea.glit
t ,o be e;1 ve'n ·to t he teattmon y of t h e differ ent ,y1·tneac1e1r t11.ey t-u.-e
a:uthori~ Gct t o. ,o:ona:ider t heir i nterest in 'tho re$ul t of the oooe ,it

tttei ha'tf e a.n;vf thei.r relatiow h1:p to 1;he parties conoernel i thou
temver . t.telins . or b1aa , 1f any has baon ~1\0,\m; their domettn.or v1hile
tos-'t;it)'11.lg; their 1ntell~ enoert . eir moane ot i nfomati onrtho .r oa•

.

nonableneaa or mu-easo11ablones a o:f their etatom(l)nts; ana. t'\ll other
.

oi1"0'U1tl0tn.noee Qi,IJea.r ~ oii the 1:iu1l1l wand to g~;\1e S'U.oh o-redit to

i;ho t~stilaor:cy- of 11.no differen t · 1i•t1 t:nees.es aft Uhd~r. till t he oi~~
ste.noeH the· juro,·a thin'k ·tho;y-

a.i~i

~n:title i ·t th

�O'

•i

�INSTRUCTION JO .

- --•

\
3efore the jury can convict the accused
they must be

sat isfied from the evidence that he is guilty of the offence
a s ch ar ged in the indi ctment beyond all reasonable doubt.

It

i s not suffic i ent that they shoul d believe his guilt pr obable only,
or more probable than his innocence .

No degree of probabili ty

merely will authorize a conviction , but t he evidence must be
of such a character and tendency a s t o produce a moral cert ainty
of t h e p rison er' s guilt , to t h e exclusion of reasonabl e doubt .

��INSTRU , TION NO.

-----•

The court instructs the jury that the law presumes
every person charged with crime, to be innocent until his gnilt
is established by the Commonvrnal th b e;7ond a reasonable doubt,
a nd this presumption of innocence goes with the prisoner through
t he entire case and applies to every stage thereof;

�INSTRUCTION

no.

•

Every man in the eye of the l aw is innoc ent until
h e i s :proved guilty ; and not only i s th e ·ourden of p:;:·oving the
guilt of a pe r son charge d with crime , on the Comrnonwealth,
but to warra nt a convi ction his guilt must be proved to the
eJcclu sion of every reasonab.1.e hypot hesis consi sten t with his
innoce nce. Circum stance s of mere suspic ion are not suffic ient,
in other words , the rule as often stated is , that before the
jury can convi ct, t hey must be satisf ied, n ot only that the circumst ances are consi stent with t h e prison er having comm itted the
crime charge d , but they mu.st also be satisf ied that the f a cts
ar e such a s to be incon sisten t with any other ration al conclu sion,
t han that he i s guilty .

�INSTRUCTION NO .

--- - •

Every man in the eye of the l ~w is inno cent rmti l
he i s prov ed guil ty ; and not onl y is t h e burde n o i p~ov
ing the
guil t of a pe r s on charg ed wi t h crime, on the Commonwea
lth,
but t o warra nt a conv ictio n his guil t must be proved. "to
the
excl usion of every reaso nab~ e hypo thesi s cons isten t with
his
i nnoc en ce . Circu msta nce s of mere susp icion are not su.ff
icien t,
i n othe r wo r ds , the rule as often state d is , t hat befo
re the
jur y can convi ct , t hey must be satis fied , n ot only that
the circums tance s are cons isten t with the priso ner havin g comm
itted t he
cr ime charg ed , but they mu.st also be satis fied that t he
f a cts
are such as to be incon si s t ent with any othe r ratio nal
concl usion ,
than that he i s guil ty .

��INSTRUCTION NO .

---- •

'.fue court instructs the jury, that the ourden is
upon the Common~ealth to prove every fact or circumstance
necessary to convict the accused of every offence whatever , and if
they have any reasonable doubt as to any fact or circumstance
necessary to convict the accused as aforesaid , they .are bound to
give him the benefit of such doubt and find him not guil ty a.nd
the court tells the jury that a reasonable doubt is, "that state
of the case , which after the entire comparison and consideratio n
of all of the evidence, leaves 1ihe minds of the jurors in that
condition that they cannot say that they feel an abiding conviction

1iO

a moral certainty of the truth of the charge. 11

�/

�INSTRUCTI ON NO.

- - -·

•

~h e cour t i ns t ruct s the jury , that to warr ant the
conv ictio n of the pe-r son accu sed of crim e every fact nece
ssary
to es t ablis h his guil t must ·be prov ed ·be yond a reas onab
le
doub t, and espe cic.ll y is this so, when as here , a conv ictio
n is
sough t upon circu msta ntial evide nce alon e, which is alwa
ys to be
acted upon wi t h the utmo st caut ion . It is n ot suff icien
t
there f ore that the evide nce crea tes a susp iciti on of guil
t. Th e
accu s ed i s enti tled to an ac quitt al unle ss the fact of
guil t is
pr oved t o t he actual exc lus i on of every reaso nab.l e hypo
the sis of
h i s innoc enc e.

�I..

•

�INSTRUCTION NO.

--- -•

11he law presu mes the priso ner to be alwa ys inno cent
of the char ge all eged again st him till he i s prov ed to
b e guil

ty,

a nd t he burden r e sts upon the Corn.monwea lth t o prov e th
e guil t
of t h e accu sed "beyond all reaso nabl e doub t . No t hing
is t o be
pr esume d or t a ken by impl icati on aga inst him. No mere
prep onderan ce of evide nce will suff ice, a s i n t h e tri al of
a c ivi l cas e,
no r i s it en ough t ha t by con j ectur e or sp ecula tion he
may be suppos ed t o be gt1il t y , but t h e jury must be satis fied by
the evide nce
tha t he is guil ty beyon d a rea sonab le doub t .

��INSTRUCTI ON NO .

----•

T11 e jury are instructed that whe r e t he prosecution
relies upon ci:ccumstantia,l evidence alone f or a conviction,
t h e jury must be sati sfied beyond a r eas onab~e dou ot that the
crime ha s be en committed by someone, i n manner and f orm a s charged
in t h e indi ctment ; and then they must not only be satisfi ed t hat
all the circumst ances proved are consistent with t he def endant ' s
having commit ted the set, but they must al s o oe satisfied that
p-he f a cts are such as t o be inc onsistent wi t h any oth er rational

conclusion t han ·.,hat the de fendant is the guilty person.

If

there i s any one s ingl e fac t pr ov ed t o the sati sf a cti on of t he
jury by a preponderance of evi dence whi ch is inconsistent
with the defendant ' s guilt, this is suffi cient to r a i se a
reasonable doubt , and the jury shoul d acquit the defendant .

In

order t o j u s t ify t he inference of l egal g~i l t f rom circumstantial
evidenc e , the existence of inoulpatory facts must be absolutely
i nc ompatible wi th t he innocence of the accused upon any r ational
theory , and incapabl e of explanation upon any other reasonable
hypothesis than t ha t of his guilt .

��The court instru cts t he jury that the Commonwealth
must prove every thing e s sentia l to the establ ishment of the
char ge in the indict ment to the exclu sion of a reason able doubt ;
and if it f ails so t o do , then they must find fo r the defend ant .

�.

-

-

l

�/

SELDON LAM -

ADS

Upon an Indictment
for a Misdemeanor

COMMONWEALTH

•

I,

,

I

Io . .·
I J'-, ,.--J

I &amp;.

tJ 2.

J-{y,f.fO

'-fJ-• ftJ
3. J- o
lf •

IJ ()

lf,()t&gt;

,,
\

,,

.

'

'

"

�,;
\ .~

.,

~

p

()

~\

i

I

;~

'•

,,

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31112">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Selden Lam</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31113">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31114">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="31115">
                <text>guilty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="31116">
                <text>State Normal Chem Analysis</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="31117">
                <text>manufacture</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="31118">
                <text>sell</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31119">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31120">
                <text>1921</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31121">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31122">
                <text>RcPr-box2-005</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31123">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31124">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="31125">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="207">
        <name>Lam</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25865" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15780">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_005_006.pdf</src>
        <authentication>46d2fd16b0023c1034d00bedd7f9bf4b</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290521">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Seth Elger</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290522">
                <text>1817</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290523">
                <text>Assault and Battery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290524">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and battery. Not Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290525">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290526">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290527">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="290528">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290529">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290530">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290531">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290532">
                <text>Ccr002_005_006</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1648">
        <name>Elger</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="8353" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6918">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_002_044-commonwealth-v-shade-knight.pdf</src>
        <authentication>783a1bd785c16167636f6ef6723c9701</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="92356">
                    <text>State of Virginia,

Rockingham County, to=wit:
In the County Court of the said County:

The Jurors of the Commonwealth
attending

of Virginia, in and for the body of the County of Rockingham,

the said Comt, UPON THEIR

on the_ //

:_day

ofA/4::?--~

»~-J~~=--the

OATH PRESENT,

of the said

in the said county, a certain outhouse, called a

UJ~

property of one_L_£.

to or occupied with the dwelling-house

that_~~___,:,.~~------

in the year r89 /'

_____

L~

and now

-

(L.)~

not adjoining

-

in the night time of that day, feloniously did break and enter, with intent

there situated
the goods and chattles

of the said

~in the said outhouse then and there being, feloniously to steal, take
a~mrrr•••~ A~~~~~

.L ~.W

1

of the goods and chattles of the said_L_

£~~ -

in the said outhou e, then and there being found, then and there feloniously
against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth
aforesaid,
on the
called a

do further

of Virginia.

present, that~-L~u.__-

And the Jurors aforesaid, upon their oath
__________________

, in the year r89f,

) 1.!___day of~~

-»~ ~)

did steal, take and carry away,

the property of one

_

in the said County, a certain outhouse,

L &amp;.w~ -

not adjoining to or occupied with the dwelling-house of the

said_L~-!LJ~_ ...
__________

there situated, in the day time of that day feloniously did break and enter, with intent
of the said_

f &amp;~~--b_~

of the goo~s an~ chatte~s of the

_____

the good

and chattels

in the said outhouse then and there being, feloniously to steal,

saidL ..
&amp;1,.4--&lt;,,__,.lJ,~~~~=~~------------in
the said outhouse,

then

and there bcino- found, then and there feloniously did steal, take and carry away, against the peace and dignity
of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
And the Jnrors aforesaid, upon their oath aforesaid, do further present, that:

~ L~~ -

, on the

/

'( day of

in the said County, a certain outhouse, called a_,!,/~.J~,

A~.~

-

,J;f~ ,in the year 189 7,

the property

of

one_L_fi._~

, not adjoining to or occupied with the dwelling house of the said

____ ,

there situated, in the night time of that day feloniously did

enter, without breaking the same, with intent the goods and chattels

of the said_L_c§,

W4, AA?-A'

_in the said outhouse then and there being, feloniously to steal, take and carry away.

~

-

And

~~lk:__"~

of the goods and chattels of the said_L&amp;

ll)___~~-------

in the said outhouse

then and there being found, then and there feloniously did steal, take and carry away, against

the peace and

�-~ '

~7~~~(' _;;:I
.
-Y:Y~

�(
~

....,(.e'a__

z,z?,a,z,,a.

7~/'
(I u

JV u:z

l ,_

Ji',{! /C-&lt;~ 'j /t A, M~ d,~L
7,, /4.,, - //2,=-o/ft'1!,.A
':ftej

.

7

~

a.,;
o&lt;. 12

LL-&lt;-&lt;-

&lt;-L 2

6i_

n

d

,7:&gt;..,
~

k,A,.,,.,,t'

-~~£

-:;~{_

er,.,,a.c
Ca__

L.(

a{;/

i7o/

ctt_J1,~J~la,,~1£(

AZ~

?

-r::; 5 ...x,.71/ ,'/'

Zl,

df ~ 66_I~;__
ed... L..,a

~;2/l.A~ ~ro
_;_"2.-.,,ZL~/}
J

. u a..

l'-IJ,,(...77✓

2 :r /.._,~J

ld.?

lv

._;tk--:,14-~1W "- [',Le,:;:r
~ '7J"'-~ J ,(_,,~"U_~{__

7£,[U_
JJi7; {2 LL ,,,, ~ a.,-,,, d__ ~'1&gt;-v-, .:V,1.7,; ),;Q_~
&lt;?_a_,f../7d_/--~ .,'A;' - &amp;/z,L"(_
't' ~94.-t. (_,-7;;; ~,
7£~:R,,J4

'{!J"'-..,,

./+

'-/ffAJL "rt4. 1]' /£_ ,11,...our
&lt;&gt;-[,
___;1,
j~ cil '.I~ ,.{I (? I,AJi)-&lt;c(_
✓h u._ 'Jtrr1'
.•A! a.,_d c.,, A. .:t L ,_ J..C.e ,_._~ ~ _ f ,;t.&lt;__d_
ca.",.,,

z:;

:J, f ..7/f,(_ft_&amp;? c~J ('_9'(,JJ 11 :)au q_~~~
J-a J&lt;;/4
/' 'i. A .,,.,, ✓Jt(;, /4 ,x :f .e.~ z z./ ;c.J1 4. ./.1,;__.f
M h-&lt;R .,n,vi
_£',_,, 04_ ,-,;., ,.,,.ad -L1- 1 ,/L,;_5 _/,/,:i/ ,fl .,J ✓-'-&lt;-4_ ·
_11a.d... ':Lf4/ ~,, __
--;z
i? "6 .Zf.e'11~47tfe,ed.YlL?,1/t1JI
_;_ LJ
]k
- J "'---&lt;.d_ LL,.,__,,
~c(. ~ ZI 7,/;' ;((,.:, /6 a_ u S-e .
j
~
--r--,
1 1

A..

LPa_$~

v~

l

-½

j;

/)

A.e

az=,

'

t

1

_J a..u;,l

-

·g

'fl'-

10

a.J.,/

~ ~,(

t?l-z 7/X...

a-A q_ 71 ~ ·
r /J~
!Cbr"
J £L&lt;.d.. -,f £' r
'7

~?

~ ~, C /4."c
K..,_
•:_f, ~ --~..,
a.Lf_a._
~ 4- l 7£){_ fJ?' d-&amp; J /4.c:,/4'
"Z~ Jt., ~ - ~ j,{p
:h_La_J.7;_
4- i,d. ~ :Ja_
,._..._
../k - J~_
~0"1 _/h_J~,u_(
C A:•u7

f

4- llf /

A.-,.,__
4.._-,,_-t._
/✓

I

';/ ;__
Jj
~

J )l c,_J

_ u:

~l

"

I

-Lt' vft

t -z 1

_t...

o(

A,...v
d
-&lt;.

J

l/

~

~1

/

/?U -U:..

.. ,{A ,u

.c(

CA
•

L

•

AA;;z,_-7_
/(.(_
.U{ 'tf!'"""J
17 ,,//«:
l.d(

,-;,.

I

H,l

J

L~Lfi"L-1-{

.&lt;.Ll

.,, L-

.,._,,_•
c( • j i I ~,4

ectLu

1 _ ,,,
/1

.. /Ac -

&lt;t 11/l

(

7 •

l/

ci.J~I _

de."'/ -

4.

'1-(.., .,/A-/~z.c- J.

.,,'o/
c
....

./4 ~""t£.. C..&lt;... l
I

L&gt;L&lt;,.

-'"(

7

t.

--t'.l ! /4,

,{\ -e_ •

&lt;.R_

Jl.? u.J{,,(
.:c u

L

--.-#Lt"'L£
C

_

&lt;-~ (_

/2:b /

a J ,a

·,1_,·z,,

-A.,£_.. .
~

A(~' £--"f_
4., J {, f - ~ ,,e., V-C,,.7 7

,r/.1

L//

(

J-&lt;

-t.a-..;
"[;,,k

1'. /2 I /u:ft

A-'?4/,/ ,o/?
'- z t)

f J?("

�'.

�. t

I

�\

�If you f'ind him not

guilty

you will

say so and no more.

If you :find him ..:-:u.ilty of housebreall. i.ng as 0:t,argeti
indictment

you will

fin"ment

in the penjtentia:ry

Ewo nor rno.,.,e tha~
the

:five

so ana then

County Jail

so that

ten years

the

such

or in your

term

of h'is con-

term be not less

than

conf'inement

discretion

tYrelve months

e 'cee :ing

not

ascertain

in the

and fine

not

i.n

exceeding

hun(1red aolla_-rs.
_nut if' finrl

indictment
ment yo
in the

1_

but

will

:t,in not
guilty

o:r· by both.

six

of

t11e .felony

of petit

larceny

say so and then

ascertain

County jail

more than

guilty

so that

months

or fine

such

not

as charged

as charged

the

than

the

jndict-

term of' hj s conf'inement

term be not less
less

in

in the

tJ7.an lfi 0ays

~~5.0') no.,., excee(l

nor

f/;1.00.on

��TOTHESHERIFFOFROCKINGHAM
COUNTY.
The following

list

efpersons ef the

County

ef Rockin,R'ltam,

residing remote.from tf,e place wftere

Lite offence is clta175ed to !tave been committed, and in ot!ter resj&gt;t'ds qualified to serve as Jurors, is furnislted _you,from wltzdt you slzall talie the Veniremen summoned by _you to sen•e as Jurors upon Lite
trial

f,r

II"

(!/

JU

.J~t.J,-- .

J "'--

Lt~JJ-

!f?L;-lff-~

da,,

l::17
.

a/ II, 41

Jl/1.j

~ j/_ /}~
~ i_

, clta,;[fed wit!t .felon_y, set
7 &gt;rn,, , 8 f 'f , af "" Cmm(•

~
~~

~L8/V,.,_·

~~

CLr-l.~~IJ:L

~~.

1tt-ft:z

Form

4-Berlin.

��IN THENAMEOFTHECOMMONWEALTH
OFVIRGINIA.
),,;y_~

fou are !tereby ro111111a11ded
to s11111111011
11am, to be taleen fro111 a listfurnis!ted

~y lite Judgr

prrso11s of lite ro1m~1• o_f Ror!.•in.{t-

o_f tl1e Co11n(1• Co11rl o_f Rorltingliam,

residhtg

remote fro111 t!te place 1,•!tere t!te offense is r/1ar1;ed lo l1m•e bt•en ro111111ilted.and q71al~jied in all ol!ter
respects,

lo sen..e as Jurors,

lo alle11d and appear before !!tr Colln(1• (our!

1 Collrl
lite Co1111[1
J-lor1se, 011lite

bein1; lite

Ju

J

r,;

da_1•of

~·

r}~

1/(~~

. ·Ind //,is t!te__11
sliall i11

7/0

da_1•o_f flu·

J~

r 89

.
,uist' 011111,under

of Ror!.·i11xl1a111 Co1111{1',al
Court 11e.l'I,

o/ lo sen•e

as Jurors

11po11lite trial of

r/1a1~r;cd11•ill1_/'clo1(1'
.
Ilic pena/~1• o_f

£100.

And

!ta,•e t!ten mid t!tere lite

11a111cso_f said per.1'011sand !!tis 1,•ril.

Wiln,&lt;&lt;l
j ~4
Jlousc.

!lie

1/j;

&lt;!fl!tc Con1111omi'ea/l/1.

da_1•o_/

14

, Cieri.- of our said

Court,

at lite Court

�Lyt,M/vt~PJtt-

6
r )

0

'V'

Jt«ol~;J-

U-«A-L

iL,;.

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92345">
                <text>1899</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92346">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Shade Knight</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92347">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="92348">
                <text>Break and Enter</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="92349">
                <text>Larceny</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92350">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony break and enter and felony larceny.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92351">
                <text>JMU LIbraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92352">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92353">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92354">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92355">
                <text>CCR001_002_044</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="340">
        <name>Knight</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1314">
        <name>Weast</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3263" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="3077">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/53b45d3df007de6c3896658dd0192f0a.pdf</src>
        <authentication>b1c4bded90fa691ad57e6f1074143dcf</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48502">
                    <text>COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, to-wit:
In the ¢ircuit Court of said County:
The jurors of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in and
for the body of the county of Rockingham, and now attending
said Court at its October termi 1930, upon their oaths present
that Sheffey Myers, within one year next prior to the finding
of this indictment, in said county, did unlawfully have in his
possession eleven gallons of ardent spirits, against the peade
and dignity of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

This indictment is found on the testimony of J. L.
Dirting,

w.

E. Thurber, G. A. Lawson, and

w.

T. Rexrode, wit-

nesses sworn in Court and sent before the grand jury to give .
evidence.

�Poss
Commonwealth
v) .Indictment
Sheffey Myers

Misdemeanor
v

October term, 1930

, A

True Bill:

it/~Foreman

1

D. W. Turman
Commonwealth's Attorney

�-Commonwealth of Vir-g inia-City, ~ f ,

_

to-wit:

v~ ~ r

To the Prohibition Inspectors, Sheriff~ Sergeants, and all Police Office;s anMonstables of the State of

Title

of the said

(a) T~:t

Ccit y t
· ou-n y

that he verily believes, that in the said

an State:

ccity t
oun y

:::::~'J{/;,#-,
.~:C:~~~=u:
~
~·
:
.
:
~•.
z
~~:;;-;-,
. . ..·-··· ~ .,. '......
" ""~ -ho~ .~m "'----"- ~."

by one...

/

(

"_

~~ rn.,_...·----------------·---------------

Give name, if n a me unknown . say, " Whose name is t o t h e informa n t unknown "

(b) A still, still cap, worm, tubs, fermenters and other appliances connected with such still and used, and mash and
other substances, capable of being used, ·
he manufacture of Ardent Spirits, are unlawfully in the possession of, and unlawfully used by one ... ................... ... - . ~ ~ · ···· ··· ·· ········ ······ ········ ··-····L:. ........ ......... ...... ... .

-~4~.~- . . •:~L;;:;;;:~=~ ~:7 ·:· L
0

in a certain

Here de

L

7

,be place as in (a) a bove

~ .. :::. •.•

(c) Ardent Spirits are being unlawfully kept, held, stored, concealed, used, sold, and unlawfully transported in certain baggage or a certain vehicle, to-wit: a certain
H ere describe veh icle. auto , wa g on . carriage, buggy , boat. baggage or what not

by one................................................................................................................................................................................. _.......
Here g ive n ame . o r describe as in [a ) above

And there being reasonable cause for such belief:
THESE ARE, THEREFORE, IN THE NAME OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, to command you,
with all necessary and proper speed and assistance, to search the house, place, baggage, boat or vehicle herein designated, either in day or night, and seize such ardent spirits and their containers and other things apparently possesd or used in violation of law, and bring the same and the person or persons, in whose possession they are found,
and also any person resisting, impeding, obstructing, or in any manner hindering or delaying you in the execution
of this warrant before me, or some other officer having jurisdiction of the case, to be disposed of and dealt with
according to law; and make return of this warrant showing all acts and things done thereunder, with a particular
statement and sufficient description of the things seized and the name of the person in whose possession found, if
any, and if not found in the possession of any one, so state in your return, and post a true copy of this warrant and
the return thereof, as required by law.

_

.JT0.

~.... 19:6...~.....

Given under my hand and seal this....%..~ay of......

_

..

-- -

~ ~ ---,

···'·--· (SEAL)
"Title of Magistra t e

�I.

If only Ardent Spirits and containers be seized1
the Magistrate shall fix a time not less than 10
npr more than 30 d ays from the date of return,
for the hearing of said return. If no claimant
appear, the Ardent Spirits and articles are to be
forfeited to Commonwealth. Any person claiming any of same must file a written claim stating
particularly the character and extent of his interest therein, whereupQfl the Magistrate shall
certify the warrant, written claim and articles
claimed, to the Circuit or Corporation Court, as
the case may be, for determination, and decl are
the unclaimed articles forfeited.

2. If ·still, :still cap, worm, tubs, heater. fermenters,
or any appliance connected_with a still and used,
or mash or other s ub stance .;capable of being used, in th e manufacture of Ardent Spirits, be
seized, the mash (af ter taking a sample) shall be
destroyed, and the facts and articles seized re
ported to the Pro hi bi tion Commissioner and
(A copy of this
Commonwealth's Attorney.
warrant and proper return will be a sufficient
notice and report.) Ardent Spirits and contai ners disposed of as in No. 1 above.

3. If Ardent Spirits are being transported in an automobile, boa t, wagon, buggy, or other vehicle,
the Ardent Spirits and containers shall be preserved and the vehicle shall be delivered t o the
Sergeant of the City, the facts reported t o the
Pro hibition Commissioner and Commonwealth's
Attorney and Ardent Spirits and containers disposed of as provided in No. 1 above. (A copy of
this warrant a nd proper return will be a sufficient report. )

,

vt

Execu~t~ within warrant this _.Jl_.r,_ ______ day
.. of

~4=------

19/J..f) by• sea~ching

Other than above stated the following are witnesses.:

the

within s tated __________ ~ - - - Here state house. r~on1, plcc-~

and by seizing the following describe.ct Ardent
Spirits and other things therein found (and arresting the above riamed person found in possession
th ereof) and by posting a true copy of this warrant
and the return. h ereon on the _____________________ _
Here say place, house. room, boat,

auto or Baggage, or as case may be

as front door of house, door of room or premises

Description of Ardent Spirits and other thing~

'~
--~~¥-'---%
1~-___71~-¾~
-~
-~ - _//) L ~ ~ ·------

L ~ V - ~~ - - ~

_j ~-~~--------- -------

------------------------------ ·-------------------

This matter set for hearing on the ________ day
of _____ ·----------------, 192 ____ ,
No claim of ownership or interest in any of the
said things seized having b een. filed herein in comp.liance with the law, the same are hereby ,a djudged
and declared confiscated and forfeited to the Commonwealth.
Given under my h and this --------'--------day
of---------------------- 192 ___ _
Title of Magistrate

Wri_tten claim ·o f ownership or interest having
been filed to c er tain of the said things herein seized, this warrant, the said claim and the things in
the c laim particularly described, are hereby certified to the ________________ Court of this ________ _
for determination, . and the said things unclaimed
are hereby adjudged and declared confiscated
and forfeited to the Commonweal th.
Given under my hand this _______________ day
of ----------------------, 192 ____ .
Title of Magistrate

4. A copy of this warrant ancl the return thereon
must be posted at the front door of the house, or
on the door of the room, or on the premises at
the place the Ardent Spirits may be found.
y_~e~nd:_my hand t~s __

See Sections 21 1-2, 22, 23, 23 1-2, 57 and 57 1-2,
Acts of Assembly, 1918, Page 578.

The following named officers and persons assisted me in the execution of this warrant:

WARRANT TO SEARCH FOR ARDENT
SPIRITS, ETC.

DIRECTIONS

~
,J;lft,

-r11A-~--

ff'::J;:_ __ day o.f

i::-~-- A

NOTE. -Unless warrant issued for Ardent Spirits
being transported in. vehicle, boat or baggage, it is
t o b e i~turned to the jurisdiction from which issued. If . issued for Ardent Spirits so transported, it
call b e executed in. any part of the State, and retu r n ed to any justice in any county or city through
which they are carried.

�Commonwealth of Virginia,
Rockingham Countg, To- Wit:

f

REME~B ERED, that on the .........

C.

to be levied of their respectiv e goods and chattels, lands and tenement s, for the ase of the
Commonwealth of Virginia rendered , and they each severally waived their homestea d exemptio n
to their re-

19 .............., and at such other time or times to which the proceedin gs may be continued
or further
heard, and before any court or judge hereafter having or holding a

proceedin gs in connectio n with

declared void by order of a competen t court, then the above recogniz: ince shall be null and
void; other-

- SS':~~•;

o....~

o affix my sigoatme this .... ... C

day oL............. .

9

....... ed~

��I

OCT

··--

~

..

I

r

COMMOfil'lEALTH

vs.
•,

1930

} W.sdr.

(Pro.)

SHElrFEY MYERS

I'

•

t

,,
I

'

I
t

t

1

i

,,

l

~

j

�I
I

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36809">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Sheffey Meyers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36810">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36811">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="36812">
                <text>Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="36813">
                <text>posession of ardent spirits</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36814">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36815">
                <text>1930</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36816">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36817">
                <text>RcPr-box8-071</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36818">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36819">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36820">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="325">
        <name>Myers</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24598" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14602">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_016_014.pdf</src>
        <authentication>07cf9b68a1fc937151a848626e9c50b2</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274343">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Shother Bright</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274344">
                <text>1860</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274345">
                <text>Assault and Battery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274346">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and battery. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274347">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274348">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274349">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="274350">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274351">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274352">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274353">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274354">
                <text>Ccr002_016_014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="596">
        <name>Bright</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2971" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2786">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/86bf6da101759b86ace93e467b7cd53d.pdf</src>
        <authentication>a4a4fa1c83f75504c4ee1d8aab1e1f78</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48211">
                    <text>cm.1Mm

'~A111 H

o:&amp; vr
1

cnn A .

COU1J11Y OP I OCI: I HGH .I , to-w it:
In the Circu it Court of said Comi ty:
'l'he . gra11d juror s in and for the bod y of said .Coun ty o f
19 24 ,
.d ockin gham and now at t endin g s ai d Cour t at it s April term,
n i,1adde n
upon their oaths do pr e s ent that Silas 1~ ichol as and Kento
me nt, in the
withi n one ea r n ext r ior to the findi ng of this indi ct
s e ll, off er ,
.s aid Count y of .Koc k ingha m, d ici un lawfu l ly ma nuf a cture -,
di s_pens e ,
keep-, st Jr e and expos e for s u.le , give awa , t r ans 1)ort,
, ag ain st the
s o li ci ·t, a dy er t ise and recei ve o rders for arden t spiri ts

_pea c e aud digni ty of t he Co monw eal th of v irgin ia.

_p r es e11t
prio r
Hocki

t

r'
'.l.'he juDor s af ore sa id u_pon th e ir oaths afore said do fu r the
ha t Silas Ihcho la.s and -'.. erl on Lradde n withi n one ear n ext

·
1
t o t he findi ng of this indic t:aen t, in the said Count y of
ts ,
ngham , did unlawfully have i?1 t heir _poss e s sion arden t spiri

rgiui a. .
ag i n t t t ne peace a nd digni ty of the Commonweal th of Vi
And the juror s afore said upon t heir oat h s afore said do
wi th in one
f urt her _pr ese n t t.ha.t Silas Nic holas and Kento n Had d n ,
s aid
yea r nex t p rior t o the findi ng of this indi ctmen t, in the
Count y of

t
oc.i:'-.:ingham, did unlaw ft1lly r eceiv e a rdent spi rits , a gains

the peace and dign ity of t he Commo nweal th of Virgi nia .

'l' hi s i 11di c t me11t

is found on the t e sti mon:t:, of r:J . L . Dins-

jury to gi ve
mor e , a wit n ess s worn in court an d s ent befor e the g r and
e viden ce .

�Vio l . i r o . Ac t

COl,iMOHWE.AL1' H

i
~

I

v.
SI LAS N[ QHOLli...S a nd
KEN TON I.Wm -ZN

~

4I~-, !~
t

A 1'1ISD"5:l•.r3 A..1\J" OR

.. TR J E BILL

,&lt; 1~ 11 (~
;\j

x:

\ ?\
Ji'

c_.;J

~1

~J
l~

.D • W. Ear man ,

Cor.lIIlonw e~a1 th' s At torn ey •

.

���</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33292">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Silas Nicholas and Kenton Madden</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33293">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33294">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33295">
                <text>Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33296">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33297">
                <text>1924</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33298">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33299">
                <text>RcPr-box4-032</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33300">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33301">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33302">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="426">
        <name>Madden</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="183">
        <name>Nicholas</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2909" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2724">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/a690f21f8f786137dde299d7f7f32912.pdf</src>
        <authentication>e56bb506077e50096631f76f0f5adcb9</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48149">
                    <text>TO THE HON OR ABIE 1 •

N. HAAS , JUffi E OF THE CIRCU IT COURT OF

ROCKINGH M COUNTY :

I
I, D. W. Ear man, Commonwealth s J.. tt orney for the County

af oresaid , res pectful ly represent un to your Honor:
Tla. t on Lia.y 2 7th , 1923 , S. F. n ewrna n , E. J . Dillard. and

c.

D . Ful k , Dep uty Sheriffs for Rockingha..m County, did on a publ i c

road i n the Blue Ri dge Mountai n s southeast of P ort Republic in
Roc k i ngr.ia.m County, Virginia. , seize a F ord touring car, model
1916 , engi r1e number 1 2569'72, ( there bei

i.g

no license tag on

:_,

said car);

said car at the time

of seizure i n said County

bei ng oper a ted by Silas .Ni cholas, Mi chael Sc ott and 11,[yr tle Sc ott
bein.g _f8.ssengers in said c ar, who had in their possession
in said car at time of sei zure about 1 gallon of ardent s pirits,
common l y known as moonshi ne l i quor.
That uni.er Section 57 of t he Pro hibition· ct as ame nded,
the said a utomobile i s forfeit ed t o the Commo nwealth.
'
informant prays that said automobile be
That your

c ondemne d and sold and the pr oc e--ds d i s po sed of acc ordi ng to
l aw ; that Silas Nich olas, Michael Scott a nd :ryrtle Scott and
al l ot her p ersons concerned in interest be cit ed to appear and
show cause why t he _p rop erty shoulii not be condemne d and. sold
to enforce the forfeiture .

Commo n~ r n e y .
Subscribed am swor r to
before me this ef"''t4-day
of June. 1923 .

0_,,L,,,£,,

~"I

.P.

�COMMONWF~i\LTH

v.
. FOl.D TOURUJG C.till

Eng ine h wnb er 125 697 2
(Si las Nic hol as car )

Inf or rrrat i on
-

--~

"•

. . . .·.·. ;~ ;_.~~-~- -~1 ·,:·.'

""

.,,;-:,

--": •-

-~,. ..
~

. ... \·~~-~ :---"i ~

•

' :&lt;'I, .
....

h
\•·.,..,-'; _t'' !l f-i.,uC
J •

, ;.

:,,"'....,

"- .;t:"·.

,

~.... .~ - 'i
. ';.·-\~

{':

.

,

,.,_

UN 5- 192"

·

...·-',-,,

1

· •,1f1.~! ~ ~ .:HI :A U: ,,)

-·", ' ·- · ·" .:;': \:/ .~ . ·,. .. ::
~

I

C'•Cr-·i," 1 &lt;;· ·• ·; ,

-

,'&gt;-

. -~

)

+.,

,

..

D. W. Ear man ,

Coi'nmon wea l th ' s Att or ney .

0

�• 1:f'

..
t

••

�!.

I

~~~~
-d=: / 2- cff-i;? 7~
~

........

VIRGINIA,
. ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. TO-WIT:

IIwcnlth's
Whereas D. W. Earman, Common .
Attorney for Rocldngham

County has filed In the Clerk's . orfl&lt;'e
of said County an l11formatio1;•
'I
against a certain Ford touring car,
I Model 1916, Engine No. 1256972.
(No license tag on said car) .
The said In forma t ion ha ving for
its object the condemnation and sale
jor the ' automohllc aforesaid a~}or(elted to the &lt;,'on11non wealth and, al •
leges that at the time of seizure by
the officer there was found In said
car about one gallon of ( (moonshine
liquor) ardent spi rits contrary to
law. Said car at time of selzm,e
being operated by Silas Nicholas I
Michael Scott and Myrtle Scott be~
ing passengers.
THE'REFOThE
Silas
Nicholas,
,1Michael Scott and Myrtle Scott and
a ll other persons concerned In inter
1
est a re notified to ap1&gt;ear before th
Circuit Court o( Rockin,gham County1
on the Clrst day of the June Term o
said Court, being June 18, 1923, to
s how cause ,If any they can, why th J
prayer of the sat~ lnfornrntlon fo r
the condemnation and sa le of !:&gt;ahl
automobile Bl1ould not be granted
a·nd said property sold in accordance
with the statute law of Virginia.
Witnes.-i, J. F. Blackburn, Clerk of
the Circuit Coqrt of Rockingham'
County, at t he Court House thereo
on the fith day or June, 1923, and In
the 147t.h yea1· o( the Commonwealth
J . F. BLAOKDURN, Clerk.
,[ ltc.
1

I

'

I

"'

11

1

'h~
w-:(_ ,/S ,,.

I • r

.-~•¥

~-~·

~ ~,,-o

·. ..s

0

/ ~/cj,;Z ~
;I

"
\
L

�- , - · ..
.~o~d Tourin g Car# 125697 2
-

·.:;

--

- . ~----· - .

p

ads
CODOD Eil,TR

Inform sti~, ,
i.•

r

t,

I

~- c_

'-

-~,r,. _

J; ei',r

~

J

• (

'

\

J

/"

"'

ri
•

I
j

j

~

f

.,

.

r
~

t

t

l-

t,j ,,/

•

tt- , .

"'(

•

1

�\

I

•

.
'

...

\

•

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32526">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Silas Nicolas </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32527">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32528">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32529">
                <text>Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32530">
                <text>Ford Touring Car</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32531">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32532">
                <text>1923</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32533">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32534">
                <text>RcPr-box3-033</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32535">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32536">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32537">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="183">
        <name>Nicholas</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3026" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2841">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/e4cd8b5caff68b521af51ee1955cc146.pdf</src>
        <authentication>7d0a26df197e2d392975b93e05c86e80</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48266">
                    <text>COMMONWEALTH OP VIRGIIHA,
CO UN~Y OF ROCKI JGHAM , to-wit:
In the Circuit Court of said Co unty :
The grand jurors i n and f or t he body of said county
d-± Rockihgha m and n ow attending said Court at its J une term,

1 925 , up on their oaths do p resen t that Silas Shiff lett, within

one yea r next _prior to th e fi n di n g of t his i nd ictrnent, i n the
said ·1couht y of Ro (;king ham, did un lawful l Jr manuf acture , sel l,
off er , ke ep, store and e xpo s e

'
or sal e, ls'ive
a way , trans p ort,

.

dis _p ense, soli c it, adver ti se and re c eive or d ers f or ard ent
s _p ir it s , a gai nst the _p eace and dignit y of t he Co rn.11on weal th of
Vir g i n i a .
Th e juror s a f or e a i d u po11 th e ir oaths a f ore s aid do
further

Jres en t that Silas Shit f lett, withi n on e year next pti or

t o th e f i ndi ng o f thi s i::.1d ict1aent , in th e s aid coun ty o f Roc ci n gham , d i d u1tlawful l y hav e in his p os se s s ion ar d ent s p irits,
a gai n st t he peace and d·i gn i ty o
An

the Co nmonweu l th of Vi r g i 1i a .

the juror s af ore sai d u pon thei r o at hs a for esaid

d o further pre en t that Silas Sh if f lett, wi th i n on e ~ ear n e x t
prior to the ::t i ndi ng of t .1i s i nd ict '.Jient , in the s a id co un t y of
Roc ~fngham, did u n l awf ully recei.., e ard ent s 9irit s , a gai n st th e
pe ace ant.l. di gn i J y _of th e Commo nwealth of .Vir g i n ia .

.

.

iThi: in:ict en t ~s f o m/

1rt1 ng , ,ot, . Y. L!!ul"a n d

c.

0 ~1

the te s t i mony. of J . L.

.

N. Dove , w1t1e s ses swo r n 1:.1 Court and

sen t before the grand jury to g ive ev idenc e.

�v-Viol Pro Act - B . I.

ii

·tt

Commonwealth

v. ) Indict ment
Silas Sh iff lett

t'

Misdemeanor

'

~~

~

li~
'
f
lt
~

-

June term, 1925.

A True Bill:

~

-

\

~

1

-1~/l
,1'~

I) . W. Sar rnan
Commo nw eal th ' s Att or ney

�Com mon weal th of Virginia, lT
-.
Rock ingh am _Coun ty, j o-wt1·

of the said county of Rocking ham, and severall y and respective;Jy acknowl edged
themsel ves to be indebted to the Commo nwealth of Virginia , in manner and form followin g, tha,t
is to say: the said

..J?..~

·

--7,7-- ------ -- - -- - - ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------

-in

the sum of

_-z
___ ,f-!
-'~
_______
~
_______
_______~
~_______
______ _______
--_______
- -_______
______________..______________ Dollars

good and lawful money of the United States, and the said _____________________
________________ _
in the sum oif_ ________ __ _____________________________ Dollars of like good
and lawful money, to be
respecti vely made and levied of their several goods and chattels, ~ands and
tenemen ts, and they
severall y waived the benefit of their Homest ead E:Xempt ion as to this obligati
on, and also waived any
claim or right to discharg e any liability to the Commo nwealth arising under
this recogniz ance with
co.,_o ~ache d f
~t___ ____ _

--

_________ _____ __________ shall make default in the perform ance of the

conditio ns underw ritten.
The conditio n of the above r ecogniz ance is such that if th e above bound _______
__ _____________

~ . ---- -~-- -,,-~ _'f_;lit;~
~ "e+--~etrt8$1.Wll(,on the ___~t,__

th""eof, betng "the

_day of

and s h " . J ! . - ~ n ~ ~ ~ e

j

~{A~~

the-~ - ~ - - - - - - - - - ~- # ~

El&amp;y 6L- _ _

____ lQ~

, atihe Court-h ouse

.I\

,

and then and there answer the Commo nwealth of Virgini a concern ing a certain
_.a~~- -...-W here- _
of the s a i ~ ~ - -

______ - -- ------- - ___,__ _____ _________ _stands charged, and shall not

depart thence without the leave of said Court, then the above r ecogniza nce
shall be void and of no
effect, otherwi se to remain in fuH force and virtue.
Taken and acknow ledged before me, the day a ear
n
first~
above written.

--------------

- -- - ----

.

~
~ I ; - -- ,.,
- ------- ------------- ------- ----

�., ·

.I

....,l

�u

�/

�In the Name of the Common wealth of Virginia:
To the Sheriff of Rockingham County, Greeting:

Yon cire hereby com,rnanilec l to su,m,n1,on ...

~! ~=·
·· ·•·· ·-· ····· ··· ··· ······ ·· · ···--- -· -·· ····•····

.......

················· ·········· ········· ······-·· ··

········~ · · · · ····· L_,£~

. . ............ . . . . ...

who stands charged with ~~J/,,dic;e ~f'or a felony misdemean or .
.Jl.nd this ... ~ _ L , t/.. ...... ... shall not omit under the penalty of £ 100. .Jl.ncl have then
and there this Writ. - 7
Witness, J. F. BL.Jl.CKBUR.N', Clerk of our sa.id Cow·t, at the Court House, the
./. 0 ..... day of/

~

···· ...., l 9&lt;6 ~cmd in the 14../

..~-:f..:.. .
News- Reco rd , Harrisonburg, Va.

.th year of the Commonwe alth .

/"(....-,::-&lt;--'1!:--?'

.. .. . . ... . ,

Clerk.

�it ~·
I,~

~
:::
C:

3
0

::,

C,
,...

0

a

'&lt;

a.
~

&lt;
(l)

.,

:,
llQ

Ill
~

C:
a,

(')

0

~
0

- g_:
\ m_-

....

�In the Name of the Comm onwea lth of Virginia:
To the Sheriff of Rockingh am County, Greeting :

~o:::::,.:~,=t

t:; ::::;, o:. t~~' ~:::::~ .~°.~.~ .~~::: g:;~:

to testify and the truth to say in behalf of the Common wealth

· · ····~

~'.i\:o;.
7

~«;; ? ;t .

~

againz ~:~:: :-!. .:. . . . . . . . ... ....

··•:~ -A ~~· · ··•:. . . . . ..... . . . .. . . .....

who sta nds charged wit~~:- ;J,Ja~~ ~~·;:~~~ felan:y- misdem eanor .
then
.ilnd this .. ~ ............. shall not omit under the penalty of £100 . .ilnd have
and there this Writ. /
the
Witness, J. F'l~~~ BURN , Clerk of our sa,id Court, at the l'ou,rt House,
A.3 day of

r-- .- .

News-Record , Harri,onburg , Va .

10-,~ancl

i7~/!;tp~::;:;::::;n,w:~: :

�-

~

, ·

.. .

\

,

.

. , , -~- ---. ·: \_·.

r__,~_/

~~-l 7

.;;,

/

If'=Z

,$

�Arrest Warrant
COMMON WEAL TH OF VIRGINIA , } TO WIT:
R OCKINGHA M COUNTY,

To.J..:z:_~ ~..,_2;: LL.~~~ +~ - - ,,..1'.)c__ _ _ _ _ , a Constable of said County:

he s ·d County, has this day made

Whereas,L

e-..".'-L.::.'..__:~...l.,;Cd.~=" -~~ ~2.£:__a Justice of the said County,

__.~ ~='7--~ --__,.., l 92J.L~n the said County, did
\

appreThese are therefore, in the name of the Common wealth of Virginia, to command you forthwith to
e or some other Justice of the said County, the body of the said- - - - -- mplaint and to be further dealt with according to law. And you are required to sum-

/ ~
to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Common wealth, on the examinat ion touching the said offence.

3!
--=f.!J.'--'-~
Given under my hand and seal this,- =e;,e=

No. 38

'

NEWS - RE CORD CO .. H/ lt RISONIIUR G, VA ,

V

;✓-

�Commonwealth

vs.

} Arrest Warrant

.StL£A . . . . ~f~~✓-. . .. .. . . . . . . . .

Executed the within warrant by arresting
and delivering the body of

111011i11g the within named witnesses in person,

this

t,_f day of ~

{i.ufl.:J.rr.H_.
.

· ·········· 19~ .-

\

.g.

Constable of Rockingham County.

Q.-g/4'

#

. "0

/I
1J

���,.
~

.

' J

9~~i•yu '-!I.

•

t

~

- '

1

!f t-··~
rfl. , M~'1 )+ f•'-'' /ill-• ;,
!Ai ,•l/. l;J

l /., /tt-t./4/ I
. C,..-:,rr
.

._....

&amp;'~ . r;./-,rf#·vL-•v

' c•

' / _ ,•
1

1

J
~:
t

.

J

.

t

rJ tf/V1-L,~-

/.1

•
/

-

tl

,t

11

/

.._

If

u

f?.

~.

!.

i

1{

~1

),

\

I

f, ,· 'l v'
.. .,..

I

;

). , ti
.,,,

.

.

"..I

rr-V

.l
1
l~

--

~

l

•

Ii

1

,I

\

. ' ...

,.

,.

,·

�:.,

I

Ir'L -· .•

.,

L

l.
K
t
f

f

1

!....
~

f

t~

10

l,
'\

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33920">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Silas Shifflett</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33921">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33922">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33923">
                <text>Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33924">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33925">
                <text>1925</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33926">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33927">
                <text>RcPr-box5-028</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33928">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33929">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33930">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="164">
        <name>Shifflett</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2996" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2811">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/330bc99be16fcce67528032f7073109d.pdf</src>
        <authentication>8e048bc3ac87c5364f943f542bbe1248</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48236">
                    <text>COU!'l'Y 0:1 I: OC'- II!'"'HL:r , to-·, it:

In t ;,e Circ u. it Co urt cf ~a i d Co !.-mty:

The e;ra.11d ju.rors in and for tho body of SE&lt;. .i..d Co unt. ' of
0
0

_,,

...'""'

H

~

•

.

&gt;
C\J

·'-i
+,

y

:-,00Kinr.~h~

a1 d now ·.t endi nc snJ.d Court at i.ts April

u.pon t 11c.1.~

oat ~

)rior t o

1

.i e ~

? oc \~ 11gh£1.r

do

. r o c11t

th~) t

ter m, 1 924 ,

Sila s t•illiu ms , witi in :me j::::b.r ne:xt

of .tr i s inG.ictr:1c nt , in the s u ld Co unty of

Llll~

d i \{ UI~

l ul ly nuuufa .:Jture , Eiell, off er, keep , st ore

..j

&lt;D
....

""'

f o.1:48u 1

avJtJ.. ,;/ , tr &lt;.1 11s i, or t, u. i cpe11 s ~ ,

f;

ol i ··it ,

i:;::
·'-i

'--1

a d ver t .i. se .nd i cf'

· r&lt;ler s f o · ard 01: t s ,p i r i te,

'-I

......
l:Q

nd di gnit y of t . e C

mfilOUJiH}ti l

[!.,

t~ i 1ist t .~o .Pre ce

th o:f Vi r ginie..

Tho jL1rors e. fo.r c m:.it upon : r;ei r oo, t h s v.fc rco:.i.i d

o furthor

1,r o s m! t thu t Si l lH3 Willi u.s , -~:1 .i.thi11 on e ;_;t,a r ncrKt : rior t o tr1e fl1d-

i ng ,J f t hl::..; i 11d.i..c t r:10 1t , in the s&amp;.i d Co unt..,r of Ho c i~ iq;hu. m, di e. c.nlaw -

.

ful y h 1;;.Ve in his p oSf3e
ssion s.rdent e ~-,iri ts , L.g:. .i .no t
,,
u1g~1·.t y oi :ti.lie Co mo

me.1th of Virgi n

t he

_p Ef.i C6

and

•

nnd t n e .,.urors ~fo .i: &lt;maid upon t h eir oaths aforesu id do

fu_ t h er _ple s u 1t t ht1 t Silas :t il l l a c:,, n i thi n

ne yet,.r !iext 1ir ior to

the fi nd l 1g of t his i :; 6.ict .1 ent , in t he oald Count·

dctc\"

u.nl• ·n:i ul l y re

•e;i ve a rde1i t

B!)ir i t E,

of Hockirigh em ,

!;l.gain~~t t e fB ace aud u i ,:;,ni t y

of' t h e Co mmonv, e e l t h o f Vir g.i. niB .

This indictm ent is found on t he testimon y of

I

, . D. :E'ul k\

a wi tncss swor n in Gour t a rxl s e ut oef ore t no g r uud j u.ry to g ive

\

•\

evidenc f!~

'''11

\'

\,

\'

\

\

\

\

I

I

�, .i.,.l{lI ,.IV ,. 0 HT,L.,'' mrn.,,.:O:)

ru.rnO

'.l:o

.txa:1

.lH .GEl

;h. 1Jo O ;tl 1J v .tlO onj nl

O

SruJOO h.i: EB '.to •.o ocf e.ct:t -io:t ba.a nl a·.10·.1.uL bi!,3'!8 eriT

,

U\Ji , m· 0;t .Lt ·1.q l

'l

~\,

at _l

s .!" ·moo

sue n.tnJ.i., , er. .Jl.!.Il

.i.sa 3alfuro ;t

\"Oil .h1!~~

B.!3l l3 J r,,rf;t .tu..,aa"! ~

J?is.Boi io . .t nor1,11

o ,.~mJO O · La onS rri , ;jrro,o.to L!!l aL ,: lo ~
D'loJa ,c,;.00_., , 'IS!'.to , l i e::.: , _e'IIJ:t:.:,, :rm
, ;t l •· l l o a

ec

q_ o

;t

• t.H:Weqa l.u

ta.rl~3

1

.t -io,1an ' 'l;f

~1 .u

!1

u! ~ -

.D

,

·~o j
O

bu

O.l:t

O

·101~,,

c,. 0 u

J ""'u~ rn 1 ,:-; ao

B'l0.0'!

• Blnl 'l. - ±o rlJ l e m:on

,.,cf. o.t

JL.

~~

, \....,\,B :=. , -, i2

:tl-rlqa j _wbw ·.. o'l:

r12rrLioo :

t_•• o

,oo::
ru1.l..,

l 'I

3°l'1

.8)

(

.

9!.

al rl: _ '.l , ai 1L&gt;li f.l ~ a..Jll.,., j

-w-in.:J b l b , m.orl ·3-n: Lt o o 51 :to ~.: t1rn o!J b i. a

re:s eo s.Ot.

.Lj

jn
.....

.l

,

t

(H!J LO 'll!J

8

J' l

'l J(l '3

j'

norl.

G(j

i .mb"'!

I

.a . O

vl a o ;t

o

, .t lmu

nolsaoa oc ...

l.nuo ~Ol:B
, B 1-&gt;.i.L.fl

, • l.iJr.

t l

G'lO'lJJ(,

~ aJ.3ll

t

0

ed;t

j _;r_,.;:~'l •

.al 'JV. d x,1.Lu1

b11 ..

L ;t ;.tr.us

~ l 'lefij _J.il

uomL:tcrn;t ed.;t no brwo :l: al ;tno ;toi.bai · lrli'

-i.uL bu.:;'l.

on ;t e'lo eo j 1. e a

.fu1

;t ...uo'

ul H'lO a n aon::t it

.s

. \ one .i.ve

/

p;

I

c+

C/l

&lt;'D

s

·~i [r .r :l:r -gnl

.i !)11

,, J. f.

:i .

I-'·

,-,.

x:.t illal .b bn

,.J'"\

"IO

C/)

H

I-'·
,_,

.....
,_,,_,

eelj·:rnv:.

{
::s

:::;

Ou-

-!ml ... ~Hit ":t

0

.
.&lt;

.....
...,

�!,~ L to-wit:
Commonwealth·of Vi rgi nia -C ity , County of, rfi
State of
, and all Police Officers and Constables of the
To the Prohibition Inspectors, Sheriffs, Sergeants
_

Virg inia- Gree ting:
WHEREAS __

~L .,f j_• -~ ~ J__

L~
i:f'h.__

th~ said

_A ~

&lt;a:•.,
__

rJ:. ,P
R_ __
oath before me, ____
tie.
~
has this day made complaint and information-on
rate.
Na me of Mairiet
and State :
~c- t
~ t Y that he verily .believes, that in the said oun y
of the said ettcoun
and
f actured1 sold, kept, stored, possessed, held, used
(a) That Arde nt Spiri ts are being unlawfully manu
~

concealed in a certa in
by

•

A~ 1 !d ,- ~ _

w ~ =c:_

one---di~ ____

: ~~~~e~ - - - - - - - - - - - t~e_: :~- h~ ~•~-- ~~~:r -~ - -~-~ ~~~•
Inform ant unknow n'')
the
to
is
name
e
"Whos
(Give name. if name unknow n. say.

and
othe r a;ppliances connected with such still and used,
(b) A still, still cap, worm, tubs, ferm enter s and
in the manu factu re of Arde nt Spiri ts, are unlawfully
mash and other substances, capa ble of being used,
---- --j ~ - - - - ---- ---uf"
by one_~ _unknow
unknow n")
n, say, "Whos e name is to the inform ation
in the possession of, and unlawfully used &lt;Give
name: if name

trans store d, concealed, used, sold, and. unlawfully .
(c) Ard~nt Spiri ts are being unlawfully kept, held,
t: a certa in ____ ____ _~ ____ __
porte d in certa in bagg age or a certa in vehicle, to-wi
e. buggy, boat, bagga11 e or what not)

n ____~-------

&lt;Here describ e vehicle . auto. wagon. carriag

by

____ _ f,...___ _ _ ____ __ _ ____ ____)_~ - - -one _____ ___ ~- - ---- --- - - _____ ____
&lt;Here give name, or describ e as in (a) above

---- - ---- ---- -- -

And there being reasonable cause for such belief:
THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, to comTHE SE ARE , THE REF ORE , IN THE NAME OF
or
a ssistance, to searc h the house, place, baggage, boat
mand you, with all necessary and prop er speed and
iners and
and seize such arde nt spiri ts and, their co~ta
vehicle herein designated, eithe r in day or night,
or pertion of law, and bring the same and the person
other thing s appa rentl y possessed or used in viola
1
any
any person resisting, impeding, obstl.1ucting, or in
sons, in whase possessidn they are found, and also
g
of this warr ant before me, or some other officer havin
mann er hinde ring or delaying you in the execution
ant
with according to law; and make retur n of this warr
juris diction of the case,. to be disposed of and dealt
of the
~ parti cula r state ment and sufficient description
showing all acts and thing s done there unde r, with
possese possession found, if any, and if not found in the
thing s seized aqd the name of the pen;on in whos
as rea true copy of this warr ant and the retur n thereof,
sion of any one, so state in your retur n, and post
quire d by law.
Given unde r :niy hand and seal this __ _L,4__ day of--~

-- 19;1 --

------ d__ .J~---~ - --- (SEAL)
- - - - - ,1 ,,,___
V"

~ -~ --L '~- --'liCle of Magist rate.

�. . ..

1.

If only Ardent Spirits and containers be seized,

the Magistrate shall fix a time not less than IO
nor more than 30 day,s from the date of return, for
the hearing o'f siid return. If no claimant appear,
the· Ardent .Spirits and articles are to be forfeited
to Commonweal,t h. Any person claiming any of
same must file a written claim stating particularly
the character and extent of his interest therein,
whereupon the Magistrate shall certify ,t he warrant, written claim and articles claimed, to the
Circuit or Corporation Court, as the case may be,
for determination, and declare the unclaimed articles forfeited.

2.

If still, still cap. worm, tubs, heater, fermenters,
or any appliance connected with a stiH. and · tJl,s ed,
or mash or other substance capable of being us.e d,
in the manufac.ture of Ardent Spirits, be seized,
the mash (after taking a sample) shall be destroyed, and the facts and articleis seized reported
.to the Prohibition Commissioner and Commonwealth's Attorney. (A copy of this warrant and
proper return will be a sufficiepit notice and report.) Ardent Spirits and containers dispo's ed of
as in No. 1 above.

Common;;":

of Vfrg~

-- - - - ~---------··· ··----- -------------------········-·--

Executed the within warrant this ... /.:;.,./;-; ... day
of.- ~

jJ.u f

'

q,aJ 1··················································,. ··································-·················

1!.!._;,--f-; fy_.uu/~

~z:-~:~-;6

room. place.
(l
and by seizing the following described Ardent Spirits
and other things therein found (and arresting the
above named person found in possession thereof) and
by p osting a true copy of this warrant and the return

hereon on the

~

~~;",l.

.kr:... ~J.9.~ .

~e::u;;;;~

-···- ·-·•·-, -;;;;;;;,r b a ; ~ or ·as case may be)

as front door of house. door of room or premises)

• • ••• • • •••••• •••••••••• • ••••••• • ••••• • •••••••• • ••• • •••••••• •••••• • • • •••u•••• • •••••••••• • •••••••• • • •-• • • •

This matter set for hearing on the •......... day
.of .................•. 192 ....
No claim of ownership or interest in any of the
said things seized having been filed herein in compliance with the law, ,t he same are hereby adjudged
and declared confiscated and forfeited to the Commonwealth.
Given under my hand this ......•.•......... day
of .................... ,

192 •.••

Description of Ardent Spiri~s and other things

s e i z e d / ~...~ · · · · ~···W.·~
····~ ···~ ···~

· ···· ·~

·····~

··

···

.. ..ul:di:,

. ...

! .....

4/....~

_.e_~.,.'J::U.?.....~......_J.~ 11~: :I::;-

. .·..~:···:~

Title of Magistrate.

········~

......W ~ ... J;.,..

tomobile, boat, wagon. buggy, or other vehicle, the
Ardent Spirits and containers shall be preserved
and the vehicle shall be delivered ,t o the Sergeant
of the City, the facts reported to the Prohibition
Commissioner and Commonwealth's Attorney and
Ardent Spirits and containers disposed o'f as provided in No. 1 above. (A copy of this. warrant and
proper return will be a sufficent report.)

Other than above stated the following are witnasses:

·······• 192'1,. . , 1,y searching the

within stated

~
3. If Ardent Spirits are being transported in an au-

The following named officers and persons assisted
e in ltli.e execution of this war.rant:

WARRANT TO SEARCH FOR ARDENT
SPIRITS, ETC.

DIRECTIONS

../ .~

J.:. ~··.·.· ·. . . .... . . ..........

Written claim of owner.ship or interest having been
filed to certain of the said things herein seized. this
warrant, the said claim and the thina-s in the claim
particularly described, are hereby certified to the
• . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . Court of this .. ____________ for determination' and the said things unclaimed are hereby
adjudged and declared co.nfiscated and forfeited to
the Commonwealth.
Given under my hand this ..... ·--··----· ... day of
•••.............. ·--, 192 __ .•
Title of Magistrate.

4. A cop;; of this warrant and the return thereon '

must be posted at the front door of the house, or '
on the door of the room, or on the premises at
the place ,t he Ardent Spirits may be found.

NOTE.-Unless warrant issued for Ardent Spirits
··········..··············· .. ·············.........................../..... ..I......................
Given;;t.nr my hand this ...... ~..... day o'f

.J:u£USee Sections 21 1-2, 22, 23, 23 1-2, 57 and 57 1-2.
Acts of Assembly, 1918, Page 578.

/'il /J

•· ....L:.~

..... • £192
lid.
•·. • ~
.
··/·····
..

· .... At. ~

~

A
~
i....~

.

""'

.J;;;-

~=i~!t~:::r~:t~~ei~u:~s~i~;io~0 ::o: !~~~:~:~~~d~ ~~
I
issued for Ardent Spirits so transported, it can be
!executed in any patil of the State, and returned to
ahny ju,stice in. adny county or city through which
t ey were carne .

I= = = = = = = = = = = = = = - =

�r

to - wit :

County of IIDCKI NG

of th e said bounty
has tbis da y

a de coLlpla int and inf oEmati on on o~th be fo re me
of t he said Co1m.ty t hat :i1e v e r-i

easons herein - te

(a }

rdent s p irits are bein

posse ssed ,

ai

in th

t atc

t he

ounty a nd

~r

es for

eli

t a te :

unl~wf ully ~anufa cture d , sold , k ept , store d ,.

el , used , and conc eal ed , in a cert ai n /J~f l-,. f

utd.

la+..,iL•?,.J"

1

by one
( b ) A s till , still c ap , worm, t ub s ,
such still and use , and mas~
ed , in t he

an

ermen ters an d ot he r applia nc es wi t h

rtd other substa nc e s , capab le of being · us -

actur e of _\ rdent Spirit s , a re unlaw full y in the _p os ses -

I n a cert . in/i), , . ~~

f

f

fA.!..al.-4-.i
I

()

si on of , and unlaw fully usea_ by o n e ~ ,,,.

~ /

~

__,.

-

j J~

p irits are being uniawf ully k ep t , he l d , s to r ed , conce al ed ,
n
used , sold , and unl a wfully trcn po rte d i • certai n baggag e or a certai
(c ) Ar dent

vehi cle , to - wit : a certa in

-~ ---- --- --+. ..:.. .---- ------- --"-

by one
And the re being r easona bl e an d probab le cause

or s _c h bel i e~ , on accoun t

of the fo llo 1ing f a ct s stated by the affian t and other s , to - wit : that

i t : ~ !::;:::::::±:::r:11
:::r::.t::i:::.~':1::::;!:$ :±f::::~
c=d

This is to certi fy t ha t I ha ve t his day iss ued a searc h warran t to

Gi v en under my hand t his

)

/4

day of

�AFJnD VI T FO H A WARR NT TO SEJI.RCH

I!'OR ARDENT SP I R ITS , ETC.
common wealth of Virgin ia

vs.

F iled in the Clerk' s Office of the
Court of the
of

---- ---- - ,
---of the

c ourt

Vir g inia ,

Va.

---- ---- ---1
of _ _ __
this
--- day

192

---- ---- -------- - Clerk.
By

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ D.C.

j

�rrHE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA.
1'0 THE SI-lERTFF OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, GREETINGS:
•

vVe command you, that you take

.
.
.
_;;;_,,;_h )~-------- --- --"

•

•

I

•

.)

.

if he be

found within your bailiwick, and him safely 'k.Jep, so that you have ~is body forthwith before the
Circuit Court of Rocking·ham County,

at the Court House thcrer f

eft-- _________ _ ______ __ _ _

t d
· fh0 sans
tu.,,.;,,~~
_______ ____ -~-~--- --",hereo
am __ ____
- us· of acer·t.
.
__ __ _____________ _ t o answer
indicted.

,

And have then and there this ,iVrit. ,iVitness J. F. Blackburn, Clerk of our said Court
,
,J,/.
¥at the Court House the ____?.!_ __ ___ ·__ day of_ _ __ _-d~-!-~-~ , in the _(f_~ year of

1

th e Commonwealth.

�COMMONWEALTH

vs.

�In the Name of the Comm onwea lth of Virginia:
To the Sheriff of Rocliing ham County, Greeting :

You c1,re he1·eby com,m,a nded to si1,1nmon

to appear bef'ore the Ji1,dge of' the Circuit Coi1,rt of' Rockin gham,
Cou,nty , at the Court
Hnu,set hereof, atl0o'c loclc, a. m ., on the ..... ~ /
. . .... .day of'. . ~
..
. ... 19~ .. fto testily and the truth to say in behalf' of' the Commo nwealth before
the Grand Jury

who stancls charge d with and indicte d f'or a f elony misdem eanor
.
.11.nd this .. ..... ~..............shall not 01nit under the penalty of £100.
.11.nd have then
anrl there this Writ.
Witness , J. F. BL.11.C KBURN , Clerk of our sairl Court, at the
Coi1,rt House, the
/ . ~ day of. .~
............, 19
and in the 14.. Ci h yea,r of the Commo nwealt h .

...r
::t,JI,

News:~Record, Harrisonbu rg, Va.

~ ' c c ( ~ ' Clerk .

��In the Name of the Comm onwea lth of Virginia:
To the Sheriff of Rockingh am County , Greeting :

You, are hereby comman ded to sum,mon .

: ~ ? ~,•··•·• ···• · •· ·• ·

_t:·.••e.. •.•

at the Court
nty, ,
to appear before the Judge of the Circuit Court of Rocking hamE
. . ... 19.~
2. £ ............ day of
House thereof, at 10 o'clock, a. m., on the
... .
to testify and the truth to say in beha lf o f the Commo nwealth again .

¥

who stcinds charged with cind indicted for a felony misdeme c£nor .
hcwe then
.11.nd this .. .. ~ . ..... .shall not omit under the penalty of £100. .11.nd
and there this Writ.
the
Witness, J . F. BL.11.CKBUR.N', Clerk of our snid Court, at the Cou,rt House,
oC..~ day of .. . / ~ .., 1 9 .~ .j/- and in the 14..~ th yec£r of' the Commonwer.1,lth.
1/
.... ~ Clerk.
q: , ~
. Y/
Newa-Record , Harriso11b11r11. Va .

��jF- /

,~~~

L)

:,z_

/'l:2-t

ColDlllonwealth

·

va.

r,

~--&lt;--'b~

81188 .. llliam a

IJ

C

-

I

.-

,1

�L

1

II

/

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33573">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Silas Williams</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33574">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33575">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33576">
                <text>Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33577">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33578">
                <text>1924</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33579">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33580">
                <text>RcPr-box4-057</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33581">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33582">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33583">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="145">
        <name>Williams</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2997" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2812">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/e438def332525513f7065fba55e81095.pdf</src>
        <authentication>1422686d447b215fa3c4345a8717624d</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48237">
                    <text>COMTu O ·J\!/E L 1 H OF VI ?' I H A.
CO JJTTY OF . OCKINGH..il.I , to - wit :
I n t he Circuit Court of said Co unt y ;
'.!.'he grand jurors in and f or the body of said cou.ntJ of
Ro c ki ngham and n ow attenc7in g sa id Court at it s Dec emb er ter m,
1924, upon their oaths do present that Silas Williams , within
one yea;r ne x t prior to the findi ng of t his ind ic t rnent , in the
said county of · oc k i ngh am , did un lawfully ha ve i n hi s posses sion a still, still cap, worm , tub, fe r men t e r, and other appl iances connecte d wi th a nd used i n the ope ration of a still,
wi thout havi ug the same regis t ered a s r equired by law, a nd the
jurors f urt her sa

th at the said Silas Willi ams was here to fore

on the 25th day of Jun e , 19 24, conv icted of violati ng t he Prohibition Laws of t he Conmonw ea lt.h of Virg i u ia, i n t he Cir ct1it
Court of

k

ocl ingha m Coun t y , Virg i n i a , and then and t he r e was

sent enced to pay a ±' ine of seven t y-five dol lar s and to se rve
±or a .t}eriod of seventy- fi v e days in jail;- a ga inst the peace
a nd digni t

of the Co mr.'.lonweal th of Vir g inia .

Th is i nd ictnent is f o und on the t e stimony o f R . M.
Bur ke and

vi s Burke , wit nes ses swo rn i n court and se n t before

the grand j ~r

to g i v e evidence .

�Un lawf ul _p ossessi on of sti l l

i

2nd offens e
"

v·

\

l

Commonw ea l t h
;z:·
'

'J
~

.

Ind i c t ment

Sila s Wi llia m

l

4

A

'--

Felony

~
~l

T.r u e Bil l

~
~'

.,

~~
\

![

~

.

D. W. Earrna n
Commonw ealth ' s At tor ney

�COtl.MON\U~A.1'1.1 H

v.
SI LAS WILLIAMS

Charge to the Jury .

If you find the aoou.sed, Silas Williams,
not guilt y , you will say so and no more.
If you. find him guilty as charged in the

iudietmen t, then you. will say so and fix his
punishmen t by oonfineme nt in the penitentia ry

for not less than oue, n or c.d&gt;re than five years,
or, in your discretion , b y confineme nt i n jail
not less than six months nor more than twelve
mon t hs , and b;; fl ue not exceeding fiv e hundred
d ollara.

-- -

�o PY Charge t o the Jur J

Commonweal th

v.
-:I

Silas Wil l iams.
•

0

.

�'fHE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGIN IA.
1'0 THE SHERIF F OF ROCKIN GHAM COUNTY , GREETI NGS:

f '

~

-w e command you, that you take __ __ _~ ~ -- ~ - - - - - - - -- - - if ho be
found within rour bailiwick, and him safoly keep, so that you have his body forthwith before the
Circuit Court of Rocking'ham County, at the Court House thereof

-6ft ________ __ _ ________ _

7-~ _____________ whereof he stands

to answer us of a certain __ _
indicted.
And have then and there this Writ.
at the Court House the ____

1

th e Common wealth.

,Vitnoss J . F. Blackbur n, Clerk of our said Court

t_~_ day of_ _____~ ' - - - - - - ---, in the

f_'f-_J_ year of

�COMMONWEALTH
VS.
f

w~

�2

.1l: .0 o

r-

V'.--

I
/

�r

�~

" 1e.

I f, I

1 , '-'

I

J-, S.
,~
,

J l.
I

J

V• , ,/

J

1) --c, -

��~

.. r',;} -,-z-

~~

,jr,J -,J~

✓~

~~~

·a ~·1o.- ~ - -

t

I:

7,~ - ~

~~

µ:~ L,~

l

f

4~ lo.

~-

I.

I

I

.

. f/AA..~

~~ - ~ ~
~

-, ~

f'J1, 1171;

j

~,,J , ~~

M .~
k~~- ~ -

..:.

.l

.

�.

'

I

·lI

/

-l

I

•

I
I

,I

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33584">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Silas Williams</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33585">
                <text>Felony; Not Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33586">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33587">
                <text>not guilty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33588">
                <text>posession of still</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33589">
                <text>Still</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33590">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33591">
                <text>1924</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33592">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33593">
                <text>RcPr-box4-058</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33594">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33595">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33596">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="145">
        <name>Williams</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24760" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14763">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_015_041.pdf</src>
        <authentication>c38e20e3f2908f3b0e05158e85d0fc84</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276483">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Simean Collier</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276484">
                <text>1858</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276485">
                <text>Trespass</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="276486">
                <text>Assault and Battery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276487">
                <text>Defendant charged with trespass, assault and battery. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276488">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276489">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276490">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="276491">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="276492">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276493">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276494">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276495">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276496">
                <text>Ccr002_015_041</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="268">
        <name>Collier</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3235">
        <name>Delany</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25060" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15061">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_011_035.pdf</src>
        <authentication>6d8bfd415a83c03adc256f17e7b7f28b</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280465">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Simon Bowman</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280466">
                <text>1838</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280467">
                <text>Assault and Beating</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280468">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and beating. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280469">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280470">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280471">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="280472">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="280473">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280474">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280475">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280476">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280477">
                <text>Ccr002_011_035</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="297">
        <name>Bowman</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="26039" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15954">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_002_068.pdf</src>
        <authentication>fd37f181a72a61e5c038573e59667610</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292642">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Simon Fry</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292643">
                <text>1812</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292644">
                <text>Drunkenness</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292645">
                <text>Defendant charged with being drunk. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292646">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292647">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292648">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="292649">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292650">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292651">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292652">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292653">
                <text>Ccr002_002_068</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="335">
        <name>Fry</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="377">
        <name>Shirkey</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1554">
        <name>Terry</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="26037" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15952">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_002_067.pdf</src>
        <authentication>aea2651ed2bee087fc7415408104e71f</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292616">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Simon Fry and John Terry</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292617">
                <text>1812</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292618">
                <text>Drunkenness</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="292619">
                <text>Swearing</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292620">
                <text>Defendants charged with being drunk and swearing a profane oath. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292621">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292622">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292623">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="292624">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292625">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292626">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292627">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292628">
                <text>Ccr002_002_067</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="335">
        <name>Fry</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1554">
        <name>Terry</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25429" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15346">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_009_074.pdf</src>
        <authentication>4f415d332b717c3b615c603ce0d34f74</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285128">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Sinclair Snifflet</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285129">
                <text>1829</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285130">
                <text>Assault and Battery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285131">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and battery. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285132">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285133">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285134">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="285135">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285136">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285137">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285138">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285139">
                <text>Ccr002_009_074</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="722">
        <name>Lowry</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1765">
        <name>Lowy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1779">
        <name>Snifflet</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25808" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15723">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_004_069.pdf</src>
        <authentication>3038f00c9f3f095b1ae3c219af0a6186</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289813">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Soloman Pirkey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289814">
                <text>1816</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289815">
                <text>Assault and Beating</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289816">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and beating. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289817">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289818">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289819">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="289820">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289821">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289822">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289823">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289824">
                <text>Ccr002_004_069</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="496">
        <name>Pirkey</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25824" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15739">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_003_045.pdf</src>
        <authentication>ef784407cd65710bd205797e6c6a177f</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290009">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Solomon Bowers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290010">
                <text>1813</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290011">
                <text>Threaten</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290012">
                <text>Defendant charged with threatening to beat, wound, maim, kill or do bodily hurt.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290013">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290014">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290015">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="290016">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290017">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290018">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290019">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290020">
                <text>Ccr002_003_045</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="513">
        <name>Bowers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1582">
        <name>Lanaham</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="663">
        <name>Loker</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25358" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15275">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_009_034.pdf</src>
        <authentication>786a005994f08c7da6eaacd1fcb7d9cc</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284243">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Solomon Hunter</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284244">
                <text>1827</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284245">
                <text>Assault and Battery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284246">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and battery. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284247">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284248">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284249">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="284250">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284251">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284252">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284253">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284254">
                <text>Ccr002_009_034</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="840">
        <name>Hunter</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
