<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items?output=omeka-xml&amp;page=136&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle" accessDate="2026-09-03T12:59:53+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>136</pageNumber>
      <perPage>20</perPage>
      <totalResults>4768</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="25836" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15751">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_003_057.pdf</src>
        <authentication>0d65c1eb289ac0d064885dec7e10c8e1</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290158">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Glyn (Glen)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290159">
                <text>1814</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290160">
                <text>Sell alcohol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290161">
                <text>Defendant charged with retailing spiritious liqours without a license. Not guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290162">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290163">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290164">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="290165">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290166">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290167">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290168">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290169">
                <text>Ccr002_003_057</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="361">
        <name>Armentrout</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1592">
        <name>Glen</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1591">
        <name>Glyn</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25843" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15758">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_003_064.pdf</src>
        <authentication>d185654612b01b17bcfaf019065ade5b</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290243">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Glyn (Glen)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290244">
                <text>1814</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290245">
                <text>Assault</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290246">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault. Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290247">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290248">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290249">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="290250">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290251">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290252">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290253">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290254">
                <text>Ccr002_003_064</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1592">
        <name>Glen</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1591">
        <name>Glyn</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1235">
        <name>Koontz</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6465" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6201">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_005_142-commonwealth-v-samuel-green.pdf</src>
        <authentication>aba72cd6541f46f434cb123841034e5b</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="75695">
                    <text>..ifn .....
l.P..'.
........
.

��J. J1. (k
L. r1.
L. J

'c4-

lL
J

-·

(,

)'r.
11

/ ,_

��STATE OF VIRGINIA,
To Any Policema

of the

w.

Whereas
complaint

of the

ober,

1909,

sBid

not

B. Frank

Garber,

larceny

B. Frank

steal
These

dollars,

Green

justice

to answer

the

Samuel

dwelling

with

Green,

a

house

intent

eleven

and chattlee

in said

day of Oct-

commonly called

the

enter

15th

a Jus-

of

to commit
chickens

of the

out house,

of

said

feloniously

av.ay:

therefore,

of the

did

being

in the name of the

to command you forthwith

some other

with

of the goods

and there

and carry
are,

said

on the

out house,

time,

day made

0. B. Cooley,

me,

Green,

a certain

the

County he.a this

before

Samuel

night

and that

then

said

to or occupied

in the

Garber,

take,

that

adjoining

of eight

of the

on oath

County,

therein,

the value

ing

L. Dille.rd

in ea.id County,

hen-house,

ginia,

Town of Harrinonburg:

and information

tice

did

ROCKINGHAM
COlJNTY, To-wit:

said

to apprehend
County

se,id complaint

Commnnwealth

and bring

the body of the

and be further

dealt

before
said

of Virme or

Samuel

with

accord-

to law.
Given under

....

H-11tv-~lMA&amp;LL~~-~~

cy hand

and

seal

tlJis

day of October,

P.0th

ti
~Pt

J.

/(~

J

•

•

HlC9.

�Executed

this

21st

d~y

of October,

named Samuel Green and bringing

1909,

him before

by arresting

o.

Policeman

~i
,t

the within-

B. Cooley,

of' the

J.P.

Town of' H'b'g.

I

1

~

~-+
('+,

1~
r

/ ______,-y ~r

11A

,J

v

~jfl't'

~ o/

'/).PN
V J:t/

,..

1

Y'~~

'/1 bl

',

~tr~~~~~

~
~~~
'-±4
~-~f.-YY~e,.:..----+r
'-:tr

£-;.-p-J~

~ ~ ~~

£;

/)

.

.~

~

~~

•

J

•
I·

�r

•

If

you fird

the prisoner

not guilty,

the prisoner

euilty

you will

say so

ar..d no r"Ore.
I

you find

the out-house
night
with

tin,e,

of E. F. Garber,
or entering

intent

punishncnt,

not

less

one year
not

charg,ed
you vlill

exceeding

in the day tirr.e or
tin.e with

you will

than

twelve

ut breaking,

say eo and ascertain

be confir..ement

nor ~ore

and entering

in the penitentiary

ten years,

-onths

or confire-

and fined

not

ex-

f:5OO.OO

If you find
entering,

in the night

which shall

than

ment in jail
ceeding

~ither

to commit larceny

his

of creaking

the prisoner

or entering
in the

not guilty

in the night

indictnient,

be confinecent

in jail

six

months or a fine

than

one hundred,"or

his

not lees
of not

~

both.

without

but guilty

say so a:1d a• certain•

less

of breaking

of simple

punishment

than
than

br~aking,

and
as

larceny

- which shall

15 days nor more than
five

dollars

nor ~ore

�r

•

�,,

,

�,

•

�State of Virginia, R.ockinghttm County, to=wit:
r

•

In the County Court of the said County:
The Jurors of the Commonwealth

at.,·Ui.ll-~~

attendin£
on the

the said Court, UPON THEIR

~

;.t

J-

/

~

of Virginia, in and for the body o the County of Rocking~n,

t....~~'f

£~

\

~

in the year

'

that

1'197,
in the said county,

~~

in the night time of that day, feloniously did break and enter, with intent

~. cJtn,,~
and carry away.

f!''J

i

~

And
~

a certain outhouse, called a
not adjoining

/:J.c:7(\..,------':.-~

of the said

and now

~~

-

{3, c7'
IV~

the property of one

to or occupied with the dwelling-house

1

OATH PRESENT

"

-day of

0

there situated

the goods and chattles

of the said

1d'/:~ 1-71'2&lt;-

in the said on thouse then and there being, felonious! y to steal, take

d_J_,W--0

di)ftO-&lt;--Q

of the goods and chattles of the said_/3__ •-~--~------~=------------------------"'---in the said outhouse, then and there being found, then and there feloniously
against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth
aforesaid,

present, that
fv
A') ~ ,:
/Jr
on the / ~ ,,,_ day of __ ~
_____________
called a

do further

~ ~

of Virginia.

did steal, take and carry away,

And the Jurors aforesaid,

upon their oath

~

/J~
, in the

, the property of one

.

year8f9i,
in the said County,

~ ~~ ~

not adjoining to or occupied with the dwelling-house of the said __

a certain outhouse,

/.3
_ __,,'--CJt--=-------'--~----=----=-----~-"----'--'--------

there situated, in the day time of that clay feloniously did break and enter, with intent

the goods and chattels

::~::::i:an~,~';'
~~u:;::id
oto£='tin~us_ly
;:;;,._
of the goods and chattels of the said_/3 ___

d,,
__~------~~~-~~~~------in

the said outhouse, then

and there being found, then and there felonious]:-,· did steal, take and carry away, against the peace and dignity
of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
And the Jurors aforesaid, upon their oath aforesaid, do further present, that
~
~
&lt;IJ,J~~
~
, on the / J ~ clay of ~ , in the year lf&lt;Pf,

a

J

-

in the said Connty, a certain outhouse, called a

~

~ ~

, the property

of one

tj

·if~

, not adjoining to or occupied with the dwelling house of the said
_, there situated, in the night time of that day feloniously did

enter, without breaking the same, with intent the goods and chattels
_

1-¥-

of the said

ts-if'~~

_in the said outhouse then and there being, feloniously to steal, take and carry away.

~

~_if

..

And

&lt;U--U,~

,

then and there being found, then and there feloniously did steal, take and carry away, against

the peace and

dignity of .the Commonwealth of Virginia.
/LI
/ /)
JI
~,
9
This i1~dictment is found on the testimony of.//'f..J..vJ _!Jr1,1&gt;v1----LA.-:-77t'Jc.~-~4=f'l.l.£l-~L/.,,.

~. 24~/._o!.p
ft:)/-.~
/

witness
/

,O_

sworn in,Court and sent before the Grand Jury to give evidence.

r /

�t

•

1

~

--

_.__

..

..

--------~--~~--------------J

_------..._._._.

~ ~- - ~iitc~i
__

___,..._..

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75682">
                <text>1909</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75683">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Green</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75684">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony break and enter and felony larceny.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75685">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="75686">
                <text>Burglary</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="75687">
                <text>Break and Enter</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="75688">
                <text>Larceny</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75689">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75690">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75691">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75692">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75693">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75694">
                <text>CCR001_005_142</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="787">
        <name>Garber</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="388">
        <name>Green</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24556" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14560">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_017_027.pdf</src>
        <authentication>d53c1aadc8dc771346b58435255f1492</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273812">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Hall</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273813">
                <text>1867</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273814">
                <text>Bigamy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="273815">
                <text>African American</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273816">
                <text>Defendant charged with marrying and taking a wife while being already married. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273817">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273818">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273819">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="273820">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273821">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273822">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273823">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273824">
                <text>Ccr002_017_027</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3486">
        <name>Blackwell</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1293">
        <name>Hall</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1155">
        <name>Harvey</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24578" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14582">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_017_049.pdf</src>
        <authentication>fd9fa8832ee1ff186e81e67b0bbc3e6d</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274089">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Hall</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274090">
                <text>1869</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274091">
                <text>Assault</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274092">
                <text>Defendant charged with malicious shooting with intent to maim, disfigure, disable, and kill.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274093">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274094">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274095">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="274096">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274097">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274098">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274099">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274100">
                <text>Ccr002_017_049</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3486">
        <name>Blackwell</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1293">
        <name>Hall</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24384" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14458">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_020_078.pdf</src>
        <authentication>6169a34e6b0b44003f3fe53e8fe185a1</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271705">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Halterman</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271706">
                <text>1896</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271707">
                <text>Attempt to conceal a robbery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271708">
                <text>Defendant charged with attempt to conceal a robbery.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271709">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271710">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271711">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271712">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271713">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271714">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271715">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271716">
                <text>Ccr002_020_078</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="440">
        <name>Halterman</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24906" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14908">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_014_046.pdf</src>
        <authentication>ca132a1a14d5c822e31956eadd397761</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278418">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Henkel</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278419">
                <text>1854</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278420">
                <text>Sell Alcohol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278421">
                <text>Defendant charged with retailing ardent spirits without a license. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278422">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278423">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278424">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278425">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278426">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278427">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278428">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278429">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278430">
                <text>Ccr002_014_046</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1292">
        <name>Henkel</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="522">
        <name>Henkle</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24899" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14901">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_014_043.pdf</src>
        <authentication>dcd87dfcce75d4de1f090bcee1d0281a</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278325">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Henkel (Henkle)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278326">
                <text>1854</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278327">
                <text>Sell Alcohol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278328">
                <text>Defendant charged with retailing ardent spirits without a license.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278329">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278330">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278331">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278332">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278333">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278334">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278335">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278336">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278337">
                <text>Ccr002_014_043</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1292">
        <name>Henkel</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="522">
        <name>Henkle</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24903" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14905">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_014_045.pdf</src>
        <authentication>2283deae1f0cfa2d16009ef30d49e9f7</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278379">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Henkel (Henkle)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278380">
                <text>1854</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278381">
                <text>Sell Alcohol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278382">
                <text>Defendant charged with retailing ardent spirits without a license.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278383">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278384">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278385">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278386">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278387">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278388">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278389">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278390">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278391">
                <text>Ccr002_014_045</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1292">
        <name>Henkel</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="522">
        <name>Henkle</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24884" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14886">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_014_035.pdf</src>
        <authentication>9a3e35e74613431d8ae91c3e15ec6cd9</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278125">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Henkle (Henkel)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278126">
                <text>1854</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278127">
                <text>Sell Alcohol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278128">
                <text>Defendant charged with retailing ardent spirits without a license.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278129">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278130">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278131">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278132">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278133">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278134">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278135">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278136">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278137">
                <text>Ccr002_014_035</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1686">
        <name>Swanson</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24549" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14553">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_017_020.pdf</src>
        <authentication>e8168dba2a9b61e5d8b94b2cb5d7989a</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273724">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Holler</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273725">
                <text>1867</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273726">
                <text>Assault and Battery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273727">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and battery. Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273728">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273729">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273730">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="273731">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273732">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273733">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273734">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="273735">
                <text>Ccr002_017_020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3469">
        <name>Holler</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1523">
        <name>Huston</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24415" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14489">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_019_028.pdf</src>
        <authentication>a168529d4ce009d21ade06d868f15538</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272083">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Knupp</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272084">
                <text>1877</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272085">
                <text>Attempted Rape</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272086">
                <text>Defendant charged with attempting to ravish and carnally know 12 year-old girl.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272087">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272088">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272089">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="272090">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272091">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272092">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272093">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272094">
                <text>Ccr002_019_028</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1130">
        <name>Bull</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1090">
        <name>Knupp</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6464" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6200">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_096-commonwealth-v-samuel-mason.pdf</src>
        <authentication>dd9d92ee362855c8cd51397623f183fd</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="75681">
                    <text>NEWS•REGISTER

~

1

ARREST

WARRANT.

HARRISOt-. URG, VA.

........................
, a Constable of said County:
. ·····-··········
...........
of the said county, has this day made
I

.................................. .a Justice of the said county, that

complai11t and inform~~

Z.l..~

of the said county, on the ..... .
a.t.-.-t,'£.:.

~--iat

These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth

undo&lt;
my

hand and seal this

to command yon forthwith

to apprehend

&lt;~~ri;J+~:;e;:~::;•

to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth,

Given

of Virginia,

on the examination

touching the said offence.

in t;e

�r

•

f:y.
~~
vs.

Commonwealth

Arrest Warrant.

.

'

--~-~

I

--

~

~4-7,

rJ{\I;tray
Executed

arresting

t/1e withiu

and

delivering

..

warran[

bJ'

the bodr

{.//(~t ~.

of ...

LJ11rL

before ...

~J. /_.,:

a justice

of Rockingham

f&gt;-,-1.,_

County al!d

by summoning the witl1in named 'h•it-

· Person, t',ns.......
· I~
nesses in
..........✓- . ...

I

Constable of Rocking-/zam C.ounty.

����•

�;f,'f(,_ '---~---~--

-···

��f

I
I

\,,

3c

�,i

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75670">
                <text>1907</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75671">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Mason</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75672">
                <text>Defendant charged with misdemeanor carrying of concealed weapon.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75673">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="75674">
                <text>Carrying of Concealed Weapon</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75675">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75676">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75677">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75678">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75679">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75680">
                <text>CCR001_004_096</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="449">
        <name>Mason</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="8355" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6920">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_002_034-commonwealth-v-samuel-mcdorman.pdf</src>
        <authentication>d0c52a809e359550a2d9771aef146f55</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="92379">
                    <text>TO

THE

S:l=-IE~FF

OF _,,-¥OC7INGI-IA1',1:

COuNTY---GEEETING:

·f

You are hereby commanded to su1m11011

I~ appear before t!te .fudge o.f the Counf_)1 Court,f
o clock, a.

111.,

-{)·· .... ..

~

"~d--~

~

/j..

F

·

R~dp"ngham

C.~1mlj1, at the. Co:trf-House,

~bun;;

drr-

at ro.
da:;f-f!(

, to test~jj, and the truth to s~v in be/1al.f o.f t/1e Co111111om1•ealtli
agai11sl

&lt;)~rn~.n-~
w!to stands fjtarged
And tlzis.At-f_

of ...

~~ ~•

s/1all not onut under tlze penalty of £100.

Witness, .JOSE!:Jf

/ ...f ..~day

witlz

. MESSER

LEY,

Aud lwve then and there tliis v/lril.

Clerk of our said

fra.)~ .................
, 189}
, and

in t!te r'Ll~

Court, at t/ie Court-House.
1

Ilic

ear of tl,e Commonwealt/1.

J -~

,Clerk.
r-onn 68-Herli11.

�./

~~ -

~?lf-,/1;M

t1J;~

�IN THENAMEOFTHECOMMONWEALTH
F V_RGINIA
1

TO

T::S::E

S::S::EEIFF

OF

EOCXING-::S::AJ::v.I:

COVNT-Y---G-EEETING-:

~.~~..'.1..!c.!
..t~ ..~.'..·········----··---·--·······

You are hereby commanded to summon ....J:.&lt;L-{.,_0--£.·
.......

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••u•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••------••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

to appear before tlte Judge

/4_~_day
ef ih,
1 89

i1t

o.fthe County Court of Rocking/tam County, at tlte Court-.House, on the

,M""'·"-"'1

Cm,r/

ef:17,1"""1

"',f'• bdng ""1:/:;,~day

7,to testify and the truth to say on behalf of.d~~·················~LY~

a certain matter of controversy in our said

-~~~-

•

....................................
.

Court, depending and undetermined
____

______

between
Plaintiff,

:::;,,
z~'!:}:!:;!:a::::::~,,
p:::;;;;~.:
-~::;;:~:;;~:"~~:::::::
,1,,

f,Vrit. .,.....vVitness,:JlH

..tf/..
...........
day of

S. MESSERLEY,
.

~

Clerk

........................
1897,

o.four said Court, at the Court-House, t!te

and in the

I

ti/;;,ear o.fthe Commonwealflt .

.......................................
...
:.!&gt;.·
..................
··-····--···,
Clerk.
Form 55-Berlin.

����IN THENAMEOFTHECOMONWEALTH
OFVIRGINIA,

ilZ

TO

h"~

cummand,,

T:F.l:E

S:F.l:EEIFF

OF

EOCKING:F.1:.8.J,£

COUNTY---GE~ING:

cff:Jddij.l,l(i:o t.JL-~

·t;""L""

--·············•·········.:!J,:4.e ........-...... ~l-~·-·······----·····································•···-······································----·················································································----·································································································-

County, at f/1e Court-I-fouse, at ro

to appear before the Judge o.f the County Court o.f Rockingham

4..~....
day o.f th~:·2~~··················:····Courf

o'cl~ck/J a. m., on the ..

_.,Xak~······················I89J , to fesfijy

·JaM--v.ML
m

~ti'&gt;'~

and the truth to say

in

next, being the./.£. ..=d?

o.f

behaif o.f lite Commonwealth against

..................................................................................................................................

.

::;;:~~'it;'~::~:;~:::::;;:,:;,;;::
~:.~·;:~:;;;,;;,~~~
J05J:.1
Witness,

S . ./IfESSER

LEY,

Clerk o.f our said

_.!J_
.........
day o.f.
................
~·~························-,
189}, and in the

Court, at the Courf-.House, t/1e

dyear

o.f the Commonwealth .

..............................
...,.J.......
.................
,
Clerk.

l•'onn 68--Derlin.

�•

�I THENAMEOFTHECO MONWEALTH
OFVIRGI IA,
TO

TE:E

SE:EEI:F:F

O:F

EOCXING~l-1.r

~

You are hereby commanded to summon_.W_u_l'o:,u.

COVNTY---GEEETING:

1V.l~..
.....···~-------

/ .........~ .............
"-.flwv-f,A.A
...,...vlvr;::J.
····································································································································································--------························•···················································

•····················••··•···································-··························------·········································································································

in a certain matter

ef

controversy in our said

Court, depending and undetermined

.6..1.~=c::~J,A..,,.::::::::-:..u_
..v.
.•..•... ~---································

and ......

~ ....

.J. :

·-·······shall in no wise omit, under the penalty

Witness, JOSEPHS.
day ef.~....

MESSERLE

Y, Clerk

....................
.,89

Plaintiff,

..······················•··············Defendant.

rm~..,,,...~-----·······························

And this......
[,Vrit.

........................
-----

between

ef

ef £roo.

And have then and tlzere this

our said Court, at the Court-House, t/ze

-J-JS.~---,

, and in th, ,'LI

,-,a, ef th, Commonw,a!th.
C/,rk
Form 55-Berli11.

�Jr/.

�J

T&gt;is

· GE

ic to c rti_r

:.fcD :;:-mn.n·-=-ra,.,
tried

of cai':r'ying
day

a 1,isto

o:f October

l;oing

fii•st

TEE OIRCUI':1 OGun'.i:' OF

t

2.....

of' r

on. the 5th.,cl

.,e •:-.rith t

cor:.coalocl

1 G , and

1cDO1•r.anprayed

on the

i;,

an a}JlJ al

··

to tli,

TY:

s , el

of' ~'ovc .. er 1886,

· a:c::-ant, 3.J--: convi0.tea.

f'ron p

cl · 20.

lOCKIHGHAJ/ 00

;

1
1

O unty

(l

lie

obo rvation,

~)n

t!1eJ?0upon tr.e sai"
Oo:1rt

of

Roctingha1·

clay of t c 1 ove• .lJo::. tc:rT'.l 1896, of' tl1c sai

1.1.·me
t}10

SqLuel
Co11 nty,

Co mty

t 1e lGtJ1., c..a_r of' Hovel l)e? 180u
d2y

of' Jo,

r.i

&amp;1/

2:1~1-

L~

o 1rt

�(

...a.

�i.

l
i
'

..,

) I'

I

'

�•

•
,

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92369">
                <text>1897</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92370">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel McDorman</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92371">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="92372">
                <text>Concealed Weapon</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92373">
                <text>Defendant charged with misdemeanor concealed weapon. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92374">
                <text>JMU LIbraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92375">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92376">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92377">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="92378">
                <text>CCR001_002_034</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="526">
        <name>McDorman</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6463" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6199">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_089-commonwealth-v-samuel-p-garrison.pdf</src>
        <authentication>4d51bc8600ab1ce15424d13496885c8c</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="75669">
                    <text>����CERTIFICATE

VIRGINIA,

COUNTY

OF

OF COMMITMENT

I

~ 'f?
t!C,U

..

·
1 ~.
t l1at ·-11 1ave t h.1s d a}· committee
county,

TRIAL.

ROCKINGHAM---To-w1T:

To the Clerk of the Circ~urt
I,

FOR

of said County :
.·

...., a justice of the peace of, said connty, do hereb~· certify

~

d

.. .

tf:.
£~
.......✓.v.7_11t-

. .

. ....

· ·1 o £ sa1
· ·d
tot h c Jal

that he may be tried before t11c circuit court of saicl county, for a felony by him committed,

this, that he, on the

/7~

.day of.

~

:;:::;{::;!4~~~~~

, 190

7,

in the saicl county,

► ~,

in

~

'--·············'·················~· ' ~~~ ...~.YA?I'

Given under my hand and seal, this

[L. S.]

�~fa_

~J.w,~
~f;~~

�Commonwealth of Virginia,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit:
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAID COUNTY:
The jurors of the Commonwealth

of Virginia,

in and for the booy of the County of Rockingham,

r;{}U:£~
· mt. h e year
y..--:·
.....................................
tc1111,

. ............
an d no\\ ,· atten d.mg · t h e sai·.d Conrt at 1ts

(/J_.~·~······~·~·~·

190;.... ,

.........................................
.

upon their oaths present that.. ..

............................................
d............................
~··············································································
...
················
..·········································
..·················
-on -t'-,..~......

jf/-..............ray~ -o£.....

,.,

1

~~ ~
..

....

~&lt;
~-==-_.,
..... , .........................

.... ~.~·~·~·1·

..

-- , 1~
. .• ·ne year

~
~~.~ ...IJ....~~
ctvL ~-

···········

...

/1~

....................................

............

l4,,
~ J,

IT&lt;~

~,1;z1:c
~ C., £
.

£~ ~ ..if..~
....
~.......
~~.,....
~

k_;_.u.,·························

against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth

;i

'7.. , 1n
. th""'sa1'd C oun t y,

LJ JC~ ............... ,........................................................................

.CJ, J{~~I

f-~'..~ ~ ~

.,

'£~...
~....
rft~....
4.~.~....
~.~

~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~

..................................

-90
1

of Virginia.

;1r.

Upon th: evid;nce of..............
:.. ..................................................................

1 .

J.

.

witness ... sworn m open Court and sent to the

Grand Jury to give evidence.
. ....................................................................

Clerk.

�{
..c

~

~

Q)

~

li

~{,r
!-t
u
s
~

d~:

:

~I

0

.,;

"'

m
w

:J

0::
I-

'--y-J

C

E
E
u0

.:

J

...J

l!

Cg:

(

�lL

I
•

cl

I

I

(

l

I

- I-

L

�•

-

�STATE

OF

VIRGINIA,

COUNTY

OF
To

and information

SHERIFF

OR

~ ,,e:;_
t2..f':u,.
/4,J,(?'~

Whernas~
complaint

ROCKINGHAM,

THE

on oath before

1-rf:~

----~~--~e~~

TO-WIT:

ANY

CONSTABLE

OF

THE

.....
of the sa;d count,·,

POH'T'ilfos~aJnsticc

SAID

COUNTY:

has th;, day made

of the Peace of the :,;aic1connt:-·, that

,.

..........•

These are therefore

in the name of the Commonwealth

of ,~irginia,

and bring before me or some other Justice the body of the said
to answer the said complaint

anct to be further

Gi,·en under my hand and seal this

to command rou forthwith

to apprehend

~ ~~~

dealt with accordin!r to la,L

/k

~/;

,

.

clay of

..

.

-

190

7
, J. P.,

Summon the follooins u;tncssc"I•

~/Jc,_,~.

flf~ · ~ ,£/ ,ljc,,,,,~
~~

1~

[SEAL.]

..

�Executed this .

,,

~ day of

,j P~
r

Judgment on the

:ir

d{.

M
P,

day of

,

190

.

fi&lt;

and

bringing

a;rnstinK the alxm

~

~ ~ r/tJ'7

.found

, 190

7

:J

before

.

guilty upon the testimony

........ as charged

I

named

r

~

Defendant~/:'~

7·, by

on oath of

in the above \\·arrant,

and

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75658">
                <text>1907</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75659">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel P. Garrison</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75660">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony attempted murder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75661">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="75662">
                <text>Attempted Murder</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75663">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75664">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75665">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75666">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75667">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75668">
                <text>CCR001_004_089</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="337">
        <name>Garrison</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1057">
        <name>Kayler</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24359" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14433">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_020_053.pdf</src>
        <authentication>d4c3972e3ec9fe71254a54d03881197d</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271401">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Price</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271402">
                <text>Commonwealth v. G. M. Roote</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271403">
                <text>1893</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271404">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271405">
                <text>Defendants charged with unknown offense.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271406">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271407">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271408">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271409">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271410">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271411">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271412">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271413">
                <text>Ccr002_020_053</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="379">
        <name>Price</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3889">
        <name>Roote</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2913" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2728">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/aa10fa0374083787f2572b3503136d38.pdf</src>
        <authentication>2bef650812bce222101be7916357223a</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48153">
                    <text>~PR - 1929
,_

Rosa Rosson

Lucy Rosson i
. Battie U-ooden .
' Isaeo Gooden ·

,,

,

.

&gt;~~ .:nu-:p.~:r- Ralsto n
1

.

t

::i,,1- ,,-1;-o n~ 1p'L&lt;}-1

·

7
'

.
)(1 !1ll1am Ralsto n t
~us-s-el l ltalsto n t.-Samuel Ralsto n .,,
J-es·se- Halston ,..
Indict ment for a

~d s

Misdemea nor

I ' ;

COI,IM01TTVEALTH

..,

I

--~.

r''I'

I__

.
.1~1.-

l

,t~

f.

It... • ,· •

I

I

r

,

\

�,I

l

�:. .

;

.·,

'

ST~ 'r~ OF

vr:-:cnnA,
CODH'l' Y OF

.OCKHJG BAL , to-wit:

In the Circuit Court of s a id Cow1ty:

'l'he grand jurors in and for the body of sa id county
of Ro ckingham a1ill now atten ding said Court a t its October ter m,
1 923 , npon t heir oaths , do pres ent that Rosa Rosson , Lucy 2o s s on,

Be tt i e Gooden, Isab c Gooden , Ja, es 1 Ral ston, Schuyle r Ralston,
Wi ll iam Ra lston, Rus t:.. el Ralston , Samuel Ralston, and Jesse Ralst on
within one year next prior to the f inc.. i ng
t he said County of

of this indictme nt, in

oc.r.:i ngham , di d unlawfu lly manufact ure , s.ell,

of f er, kee p , s tore and e xpo se fo r s a le, g ive awa y , tra ns ort,
dis p en s e , so l ici t, advert i se a nd r ecei v e or ders for arde n t s p irits,
against t he peace and d i gn ity of the Commonw ealth of Vir g ini tl .
1'he jurors afor esaid upon t.n. eir oaths af or e sa id do
furt her pres e;nt that Ros a Rosson , Lucy Ro sso n , Bettie Gooden, Isaa c
Gooden , James Ral ston, S c huyler Ra lston, William Ra lst on , Rus s el
_ a lston, Sa " uel Rals ton, and Jes s e Ra l s ton within one

ear next prior

t o t he fin d i ng of this L di ctmen t i n the sa id County of Roc k i ngham
d id unlawful ly ha ve i n t heir po s s e ssio n a s till, still cap , wor m,
tub, fe r menter , and other applianc es · co nne cted wi t h and used in
the operatio n of a still,

•i th out hav i 11g the sa me r egi stered a s

req llired by law , a gainst t he peace and dign i ty of t he Commonw eal th
of Virg ini a .
This i ndict me n t is f ound on t h e testi mony of
J. L. lHrting ,

A. A. 1.Ia.y, S.

i .

Newnan, E. J. Dillard., and

w.

T.

Re xrod e, wi t nesses sw orn in Court and s en t be fore the grand j ur y
to give evide nce .
j

�Viol. Pro. Act.

~~l~ftlf{f (tf~
~ t tt ~~~fl- }, fl

COLII IONWEAL'l'H

v.
:-WSA ROSSOH ~
LUCY ROSSON ~
BETrr r~ GO OD:EH

l

V

rsa .t,C G:0OIL:H

-t JA.i.:.E S RALS'J: 01'
v--

v
l

~

SC WYLER RALSTON -;=::; .:;WILLIJ. U RALSTOU
RUSSEL RALSTON
- _...
Sid.TUE L RA1~ TOH ~ .
JHS SE R~~1sT0H

~

""'?

I

• [~

~ .. !

~

....

~

Of'

l
~
f
t-t
~~.NI r

-

_{ 't(

,---~---,

I~

~t

'f

1t ·~ --~ ~ l'~ N-j r -~ 1 ,fi ,

A lUSDEl\IEAIJOR
n•JuE BI LL

1

•

'){,(
~

~t 1t-~ l t~ ~ i
~f ;
[ "1'.f-\l .
~~ t ~ ;1~r1~

r

'

D . JR . EARI:IAH ,
COU!,L llW~~ilTH I s AT'i ORNEY

.

~

t

f

~
1'. \

~

~~
Jl

l~t '
-~

~

,_1

c-

11 1 " ' \:. .
~

t:

'

�Commonwealth ·

vs .

Be it remembered that during the trial of this
c aus e the commonweal th to maintain the is sue on

e r part

intro du ced sundry wi tne sses who se t e s t i ony ts s...

~

bill of exc eptions containing the judgment of the

for~ in
ou rt~ which

is here referred t o and made part hereof and intro duced one
Roadcap , who was asked by the Att orney for the
~ t~ /t ;r, , . ,,.A,,y
CoIIll onweal th , as to whethe r he had ever .A seen t)chuyler Ross en,
one of the defendants i n the indictment , have in his possess i on
ardent spirits , and said witness repl ied , that he ha d ,-and
thereupon s a i d Roadcap , in answe r to the further question when
he had seen him, repl ied that it was on the 4th of July , 192 3 ,
near Grottoes , wh ich is several miles f rom the home of the said
. a ssen , whereupon the defendant Schuyle r Rossen objected to the
reception of the evidence and moved the Co urt to direct the
jury to d isr egard it because it was a place and time wholly
different from that covered by the indictment , which objection
and mot ion the Court overruled , and permit ted said evidence to
go before the jury to wh ich action of the Court in overruling
said objection and mot ion the defendant

c huyle r Rossen by

counse l excepted and prays that t h is hi s second bill of except i ons may b e s ign ed, sealed an d enro lled and ma de a part of
the record which is ac cordi ng ly done t h is

/ ~ day of J anu ary

1924 , and within s i xty days from the rend ition o

the judgment

c omp l aine d of .
,____ (
- - -~-·,_/t. . .._l~__-a,_e,

Judge .

:JJfL )

�..

�C .,. _curr::: C URT 0

I G

I, C U TY

VI G H
)

ta.ls ~

��~

~f.,v-..&lt;-.-Q~~~~k:::~ ••. , ~ ~~ ~

while,&lt; there S m

ossen came in Qi; the:ia.gh ..h,o ·wa0 eol'5 iHg £ r oni t ho ,
~~- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f ,
~ ewn' s ~ fieiii,Q, and th t the stills nd liquo r exhibited were
Pc
~ , ,__ ~ ~ ~ ~~
the still~ nd" l iquor obt ined in the ..&amp;eM» eh ef t.he Rosacn heme I!!!,
~ ~~ ~~.

,1

, ~

~

-

• Dir t i ng ,

J.

nother witness i ntr oduc ed in the same be 1,..,i,...,&lt;)

ha

, being f i r t. duly sworn , testified that he ~

~
~Q'\CO~

~cl

gent ; th t he .i..'I. oor,panJr

wj,t@

•

•

a United 't .es

Di ll rd , conce l ed

+ .ft~~
h emse l ves a s t ey appr o a che d the Rossen h ome ~ and · e ir p r esence
n
wa s n o t 1;11?W~unt il .
fir ed , and x hat sue sot i n t e

so(~,~~

~

~~lu4~L
.
,l,,J'--4--~4 ',,:,y
opinion of witness v. s c- w·a rning s o/ t ; tha t Lucy Ro ssen

,ing t e sti 1

~~

and ?!iot:t;J.e Ro ssen

t

,fire ; th t they

s getting wood

'V

s op r a t-

d f iXing the

rrested Lucy Ros sen , Jtosie Ro ssen a.nd 1Jrs .

Isaac Goo en ; that some shots fired t o t e right were undoub t edly
~

fired by the l\.officers ; that some firing came from the direction
~

of t he house of aa.n:i:E Ro ssen , at w ich they found Russel Ros s en ,
/ 4p ~/'~~-

Jesse _ ossen and 8'11!8lilo.i R ssen ; that ... e stil ~ s ~ y ar ds fro m
~
ssen h use ; th t the
h f ound t the two different
p aces wa s set a t di fere nt times ;

h t Lu cy Ros s en s aid. on ly

one

that she vould n ot take t e

Y-:
b a rre l \ t

~
e l i'l :er ivas

~

ers,

blame for all of it ; that they foun .

3½

g llons of liquor

pproximately 75 yards fro m Lucy ~ o ssens

~

he Jler.1:1.N Ro ssen house ,

"7':T.

~

_:«✓.,,._

~ !: ,,.~ .

11,... ~ / ..,,- ~

~

~

~

~L

'°£'

ReJITode ,

bout 3 0 y r ds from
~ £.rcLI' .J.~
/v,--E1&amp;.:,
~ 1S
~ ~ ~ o...-.,..;;J ~
I/

nd

.

nether witness i ntr o u ced in the s

h lf , being first duly sworn , testi ied that

L£il1rd ahd the o ther of icers ,
r------, £,J,'l&gt;.:L.G,.....Jf ~ ,,,,__°""--

~

r--

.,

IV

e be -

e went ri th '" . L .

but that he , up on reaching t he

~

.,._ ~-o~ sen n ei ghb orhood, we_?t"'t o the home of I s aac Go oden , _t wh i ch
~ ~ " , . ~ , ~~, ~ 4 ~~,~
place he f ound A Russel ?..os s n , .iillie 3 ossen
d t: nus Ro ssen ,

' _

L

and tha t i nsid.e the Goo den house t .. ey folmd a bout one pint of
t-.:..a.-~
~ isky ,
nd abou a p i n outside ; t}J.at 1.Irs . Gooden r n around t e
o.:::) ~
~ ~ ~ - l ' k ~ ~ ~ ~ 4-,V ~ ~ ' ~ corner of the ho use -e lii.~e:1 d:t!!- wsy R0etS-erl!''-i th t ~ , e ~ te~

_

~~,.____

~, , ~~

-Yo ~ ~- ~

A

or t elve shots' t tre d b

~

the o~

OJ/,~

o ficers l\ libe'i I e&amp;8se

a!:~ Jr..
«'I :t.., l, .er"'2 r
: s ,. s
/..
Q!o erden, 1'ho llo cel at t ha t I Lsus ~ • was &amp;:1? re:~rt e~1 =-r i I.ail :eine:i.
I'\

J,,,f.~

1-tC.:,J ,

~~'-...,~~~~~~~~~-~ ~ ~
ple a d guilty to ope~

e-v-. ~-~ ~•&lt; ~ h.ft.
- r -v

i ng a still ~ t ha~

eft t e house w s that she he ar d a

~~ ~

Go~

1:u· t

~('.. 1-J~

t-·

ex cuse when

en c a ckle , but tha • s e

~ ~...1'/~
gave the al r ny,. th t the still w s 150 or 200

. r ds from

'&lt;rr:
~

._.

~

l•

he Go odeh

·J:

i~L

,N"'\ ~ ~ ~
~~

1

�•

�•

ouse t},an th t , and tha t

he o ,her sti 1 ~ u~ ~ ~ ~

assen ; /4(;;:I

the home of ~

e

er

o sen w s close r to

oper ated by Lucy

house ; that the stil

11:= ~,

F

b•-tiu.

E . J . Di ll rd , anoth er witne s s i ntrod uced i n the same

tr,~r-T)

with
hse ~ o;d'eo e' ing first duly swor ' ,t estif ied that he i n co pany

_ ~

rre ste d ,. • ...,,

El••••"-.

Russe l Ros en

ouse ;

t _a t they wer e i n the Goode n

;1:;.hat

;:-ff~

!'

nd 1/illi e R ssen ;

h o ftea:rd

someone

lIOilo wt-

at
L. Dillc...ra) ra1"1 "'-l' 1 ' e . J ~ :1eeee n !'t8fRQ...; '
Rosse n} house ; th~t
(~
_shot s were fire d a t the f
1 -~~ve ~al
~ ~ ~
~
~
~
~
~~ ~
• t ll• t 11 • aaw a, " "'" " '· " woman and l,e...,6. ti....._
,
tl;lgt j(;i_ll (

1.

~

]!Q.],Jo :a, and tbe:c ssn tJriom i'!b?c,e, ap theh hand. e-t,

211'1

~

r.

t,·lf\f
~.

q\-f

-----,

~

tha t the

...

nd

be o e t.e jury vere t e liquo r

li uor and st ill ex1ib ite

{

~ /,.,._ h.. .~

,~
~
th i· ~ r ~ ·d ,.c _~P-f
·
· d in
~ ~ f , ~ _ ~ 1, ___ "'- ~~
,.~
_
s t 1· 1 o bt.aine
~~
"'- ~~ ~ ~ ~ 4-.. ~ ~
~~ - ~~
~
fied
testi
,
s~JOrn
duly
being
n , anoth er witnJ ss ,

s:---11. Uewma

~

~t

~
, ~ -.--...
;;+."""
£;,,-,
s
deput y s eriff ; t at he founa ,.Rus sell Ros

th t he is

~~d-~~,,z..J'l1,

sen in the home of Is ac --ooden ;

i l li e :'

nd

.;,:.,,,so :to• ••"' tl&gt;a?e ala"'; t at there were a goo

~ e.

~

fo ttr.tid

and

many pa ths u

0

itr

li

rl

::~s t::r: ::::a ~d : r : : : :::n :::i: : ; t:dl :h:r e:::t s:: :e~
uly sworn , testi ied th t ;,n . u ly

Luthe r : o dcap, beine

!'

"'~ if

}

of

, ~ ~ 6\. ~ 'J .:L.. - ~ ~
~ 0-..~
k li'A!i. ·
j r of w isky -. and th t ~ os en .;.bEa:n 15 ca1' ~ struc
1 ve
,
~ ~ ~

..

"'

And this being a 1 t e evi dence d intro du ced onb ehalf of
t he ir
,o nvl'e a l t , the def en a n t s o mainta i n the issue u on
t e
he ad n o
part , i ntrod.uced Samu.e l :]osse n who t s ti ie that

at · o e ; t
in

t he had nothi ng t o do wi th the still( that he

l berna rle Count y and \as wor i ng

a sa " mill ,
t e raid

'J

ne r

y;

have

hat he wa s

n

s mad e ; that
d

n

i ved

or _ _ __ _ __ Clayt r

hts~·~;~~~tc,j'aPPi~ ·wg

t

ri the d Ys

e came by h i s mothe r rs h orne.· f r _ th t

h t he ha

notin g whate ver to do and never did

nyt ing to a o wi th th: o~::;~ion ::e:h :,i ::::: • i n ro uced
1

0

t
i n the s ame be.al , b eing first duly sworn , testi fied th

a nnel

- ~

..:

rtr

;r

".H
~t

~1

��4.
Ro sse n

~~

d bee n wor l ing for him

w mi ll ; tha t

is

wh ile bac k

con sid er asl es and 1 .s at home fo r
he was tak en ill wit h the me
bu t
th is home when e \~ Si ll ;
ble tim e ; tha t e vis ite d him
urn ed
r id was m de t ere Ro sse n ret
tha t abo ut a wee k be f et he
and th th e was un ble to s
nt
t his cm in ~lb em re ou
at
t
or t e day pr ior to te arr es
whe _er it w as te s ame day
and
was g:&gt; ing cro ss t e mo unt ain ;
he le ft t e camp , a, ing he
tio n ·u s t a t tha t tim e . I
tha t the mi lw as n ot in ap er
4... ~ o,..t_;} ~
ied tha t
r wit ne ss ,-"' ein g sw orn , tes tif
''n __ Luc Ro sse n , ano the
- ~? ~ ~
but tha t
, ~ ~ "h-~ ~
ls and a s op er a tin g the m,
s ie w s t e own er of two s ti
e .nd dia.
i 1 fou nd bel ow t e Goo den ho
s e ad n eve r s en the st
_
f en n ts had
,. and tha t the oth er de
to
ged
on
bel
~
it
~
who
w
2';
~
kno
t
no
~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ /,+ ~ - '-1'
""'S,.
~~ a.,,J J'. , ~
n o t he sti l . "'
-io
. e op era
l'
h
wit
do
to
er
tev
ha
w
ing
n oth
ss int rod uc ed in the s e be Ro si e R sse n , no er wi tne
sti 1
tes t ifi ed th t she was t the
,
rn
swo
l
du
t
irs
f
ing
be
,
h lf
n g to do
ta t she di no t hav e an thi
ut
d
ive
arr
ers
·ic
o
e
we n
wit h t e op era tio n the reo f .
me
•vi t nes in red uce d in the s
.Trs . Be tti e Go del1 ano the
ad no thi ng to do
e
ifi
t
tes
,
rn
wo
s
ly
du
ing
be
,
f
e
t a t we ns e s~w the Rev enu
but
,
s
til
s
the
of
ion
rat
t_e ope

~"'---&lt;,':~

Rt

~ '-

"1'~~

) jJw
I 'J/i, 1/J

&gt;lr"ll J

l

oes no t kn ow w at she sai d or
t
a nd r:an s Ro s en wer e al l
n
sse
Ro
ie
ill
r
at
t
;
d
di
wh at she
t tha t she had no th i ng to do
bu
,
d
nde
sou
s
w
arm
l
e
t
ou se whe n

s e vi.ra s so b

J.~'1j. J
.
,
:
·
~j
q
j j 7_
~

t

.J

,J

a

y fri g

.en e d s e

e

sti 1.

wit h thescphuer tio n
was no t at home v1hen
er Ro sse n tes t i ie d t ha t he
on tha t d te ,
, e was a t ~om r cDon lds n ' s
d n oth i ng to o wit h
e
at
t
t;
an
ist
es
mi
e
s ome fou r or fiv
o the m ; t at e did no t
ing
oth
n
w
kne
,
s
l
sti
e
t
of
t e op era tio n
s tes ti ied to b . . oad cap .
in Ju l
hav e iq_uor at ro tto e s
·ad :noth ing to do wit h the
t
sen
Ro~
us sel l

do 'Ii th the m,~

~ ~ ~
4..£.(J

"JJ

~':«
I

~ ~

,(_~~

~ ~ '--v{L,,~

4.

' &lt;I~
r

, .1-. ,.,,
-.I-- ~

~

~-

1, :z.__

L.J cli'

-

~ ~

Jt

��:

!
.,,:

5.

the same beJess e Ross en , ano ther witn ess intr odu ced i n
nter est i n he
ein dul y swor n , test ifie d tat heh d no i

h lf ,

neit her the liqu or
dis till er ies , knev noth ing of t hem , and that
no r sti

belo nged t o him .
Tom rcDo nald son test i ied

maa.e · ~a t Scijuyl er Ros sen was

t

, at on t

o

day t e raid

i s pl ace and n ot i n t he

v,

s

oss en

neig borh o od .
l f Oi t e
This be i ng all the evid ence intr odu ced on beha
subm itted
d defe n se , or eith er o them , the case was
Commonwealth
to the jm·y w i h subs eque ntly retu rne

the fol owin

ver ict :

C

ere upon t e def endants ,

Sa Hru.a 1

Ro~ s.en , Rosi e ] osse n ,

1 Ross er~ nd 1ess e
-1:!liiiilti Bet tie Good en, Sghu yler Ros sen ,Ji,nd nuss e
ict as con trar y to
Ros sen move t e Cou rt to set asid e the verd
ove rrul ed, tow ic
t e law an evid ence , w ich mot ion t e 6ou rt
tion the defe nd ts b
acti on oft e curt in over rul i ng said mo

~i.1 ..v-

coun se
se

e

an

enro

~
td
1

cor ding ly done t is
days

pray that/\bi l y o

exce pted an
n

ma ea part o

CJ ~
( L~ d
""-_
_.?---'

exce pt ion may be t H ~
t e reco rd, whic

y of Dece mber , 1923 ,

rom the date of conv i,cti on o

said

is ac -

nd ;vi thin

efen ants .

--:.i----,

66

�.,

1·

,,

0

(

�31). -

'rj'- (

!¥

2-,

7

J

/ V-f1 1T

(., 'i.
"'

i)

L,

,-.

l

I '2-

/ {'u
0

-

V'
0

�r

I

�t./

tt'

It

I I
I •

I I

I/

(

~ C.

I /

kJ ~ ,I" '
~

; 1(. Zc ~ ;;l( .,, ~ ._
g t ", iv-,,' - (lcd.,_LO::

(L,u..,.L

/I
II.
, If

4

IJ

2

/(

I/

I-/-

I/

I

J1

L/_

t't

II'

I/

.
/'-1
t;;:;;r

.

/

J I

tt

l (

t "'

I

/4. t(1..:J -

�•

'

�Arrest Warrant
COMM ONWE ALTH OF VIRGIN IA, }
TO WIT:
ROCKI NGHAM COUNT Y,

To

Whereas,

~ '51~

~

J&amp;. ~~ .'IJ¥

compl aint and information on ooth before me~
that

~-o✓&lt;? ~

, a Constable of said Count y:
of the said County, has this day made

1..,6
•6--&lt;'~"'lll
7t-',,'"""""''~7~"'?"d
~ -,a Justice of the said County,

'"-=

~

ayof ~

These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia,
to command you forthwith to appree, or some other Justice of the said County, the body of the said.- --- --

No.38

N EWS • RECORD CO., HARRISON BURG , YA.

�Commonwealth

vs.

} Arrest Warrant

f

~

---~ -------------- ---··-

••• • • ••• •••• ••• •••••••••••••••• l,. • . ••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••

Executed the within warrant by arresting
and delivering the body of

'

- - --- - - --- ------- ----- - --- - - ----~e,.~_
Constable of Rockingha~ County.

�In the Na me of the Co mm onw eal
th of Virginia:
You are h ereb y com,m,a nde d to
sun i1no n . .

To the She riff of Roc king ham
Cou nty, Gre etin g:

~~-:~~~ .
to app ear befo re the Jud ge of'
the Circ u,it Cou,rf- of' Roc kin gha
m Cou nty, at the Cou rt
Hou se ther eof, a,t 10 o'cl ock , a.
m., on the. ~ . ..... .da,y of
. ...
19. ?:- .-;3
to t esti j'y and the frii th to say in beh
alf of' the Com mon wea lth aga,ins
t

·-o /~ ... .

.... ········· ·········

.f f~ l' T - ~ .a.: ~

who stan cls chn rge d wit h and ind
icte d for n f elM ~y mis dem,erin
or .
.11.nd t h i s . ~ -- . ..sha,U
not om it iinc ler the pen alty of £ZO
O . .11.nd hnv e the n
nnc l ther e this Wri t .
Wit nes s, J. F. BL.11.CKBUR.N:
Cle rk of our said Cou rt, at the
Cou,rt Hou se, the
/ ~ clny of . . ..
194 : ,-5, and in the l4. -~t hye aro
j'th e Com mon wea lth.

9 -d . .. ,

News.Record. H,irrison b11r~. Va.

····. b£-1-

��In the Name of the Commonwealth of Virginia:
T o the Sheriff of R ockingham County, Greeting:

You-are h ereby 00111,111,anded to su111,1non ... .

;;z~~ ~ · · · · · · ·
................

to appem· bef'ore the Jud_ge of' the Circuit Cou,rt of' Rockingh am Coiinty, at the Coiirt
Hou/sc thereof, cit 10 o'clock, a . m., on the . . :b

.3 ..~

day of'

.

.·J?J n/,

19 Zc.y

to testif'y ancl t h e tnith to say in behalf' of' the Connnonwealth against.
····•·

. . . . . . . .. . . . ..........................

············e ~

who stanc~/~har_gecl with cuul indictecl f'or a fel0n y

,niscleni ecinor .

.JI. ncl this . ... ~ .......shrill not omit uncler the penalty of' £ l 00.

.Jl.ncl h ave t h en

and ther e this 1V rit.
lVitness, J. F. BL./1..CKBURJY, Ulerk of' om· said Conrt, at the Coiir t House, th e
1 9 .!k.:; and in the 14 . JY{h yea/' f f' the Cmmnomvealth .
-::Z,.,... ::i,,.,.cla,y of

9- d,

,

...... ... , Clerk.
News-Record, Harrisonburg, Va.

��In the Nam e of the Com mon weal th of Virg inia:
T o the Sherif f of Rockin gham Count y , Greeti ng:

You, c1,re h el'eby com,n'llaniled to su1nn ion

t o appea r bef'ore the Judg e of the Circu,it Cou,rt of
Roclc ingha ni Count y, at the Cou,l't
Hons e thereo f, at .ZO o 'cloclc, a. m., on the. . ~ , ~
clay of
tl"7/ .
19 .. ~ .-f3
to t estify a,ul the truth to sa y in behal f of the Comn ionwe
alth again st.

o/

. ..... q ~ . . . . . . . ....................... . .

who stancl s chm·g ed with and indic ted for a f ~
miscle nieanol' .
.11.nd this . ... ~ ... .......shall not omit wulel ' the penal
ty of£ ZOO . .11.ncl have then
and there this Writ.
1Vitne ss, J. F . BL.II. CKB URN, Clerlc of our sc1,icl
Coi1,rt, at the Coi1,rt ll01,1,se, the
d. .r2..flay of
.
rrrf. • .... ., 1 9 .~
and in the 14....tr...th year oz t h e Comm onwea lth .

· · r.JJ-

. . ...... , Clel'lc .
News-Record. Harrisonburg, Va.

��In the Nam e of the Com monw ealth of Virg inia:
To the Sheriff of Rocki ngham Count y , Greet
ing:

to nppem · befor e the Ju,dg e of the Circu,it Cou,rt of
Rock inghm n Coun ty, at the Cow· t

r?J d

Hou,se there of, at 1 0 o'cloc k, a . m., on the .. ... ..ll
3..d. . day of
to testif y and the tnith to say in beha lf of the C01n1nonwe
alth o fa-ins t .

19. z- c-p

... q ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

who stanl ls chrtl' jed with cinil indic ted for a -fcl,tm
,y miscle ,nenn o7' .
.Ji nd this . .~ .............shall not om,it 1uuler
the pe;wl ty of£ 100. .Jlncl have then
ancl there this ~
Witne ss, J . F. BL.Ji CKB UR.N', Clerk of ow·
said Coiirt , at the l'oiir t IIoiis e, the
4 .4-£la y of. ... . ~
1 9 .. ~ ..:Xt,nd in the 14. '2::J;h year of the Comm onwe
nlth.

d . .. ,

J,. · ;; .~ ~ ·-· · , Clerk .

News-Record. Harri11onb11 rg, Va .

Si

�--

~

-

- -

- - -~

---

�News-Record,
Harrisonburg, Va .

In the Name of the Commonwealth of Virginia:
To the S ~ ~ t y , Greeting:

.

-J7;.o&lt;.. .

You a re hereby commcinded to su11,nwn.....

~ ~ · ·-;I-····· ... ... ... .......

1
..

• •~~;;il;• i · ~·· ~C:.:
to appear before the Judge of the Circu,it Cou,rt of Roclcinghnm, County, a,t the Court
House, at 10 o'cloclc, a.m., on the

.'. .... .................. ..... 1 ~..

/ ~ ~ drty of .. ~

J-

to testify and the tl'uih to say in behalf of h e Conunonwealth before the Grand Jury
.

.,.,.-z,,&lt;.....,

· ·• G2~ ••CiZ~•···~··
...shall not omit under the pencilty of £100 . .11.nd have then
.11.nd this. ···~
Writ.
and there this
Witness, J. F. BL.11.CKBUR.N, l'lerlc of our snid Coiirt, at the Court House, the
o/...d-.aay of....

~ .. ~

.... , 19¥c:~nd in the 14

2=

.-&lt; ..

'l.,_ ~. . . . . .

?...

year of the Commonwealth.

.... ... .. . ...

.. , Clerlc.

��'.:11HE COMM ONWEA LTH OF VIRGIN IA.
1'0 THE SHERI FF OF ROCKI NGII AM COUNT Y, GREET INGS:

he be
We command you, that you t a k J ~ ~ - ~ ~ - ~- -- : ______ if
before the
found within your baifrwick, and him safely keep, so that you have his body forthwi th

Circuit Court of Rocking ham County, at the Court _House thereof

fljJ:r __ ______ _______ ____ _

f he stands
______ ____ _______ _ to answer us of a c e r t a i n _ J ~ - ~ - - - -whereo
indicted .
And have then and there this ·writ.•
~

Witness J. F. Blackbu rn, Clerk of our said Court

-

1at the Court _House the ___ _/_ ~-~-- - day
the Commonwealth.

· ---:--- {!J~
J.J...'2:3, in the (½_r:- year of

of_ ____ _ !!i_d_!:-:!.,._

�CO:M:MONWEALTH

vs.

�Arrest Warrant
COMM ONWE AL TH OF VIRG INIA, } TO WIT :
ROCK INGH AM COUN TY,

~ - -, a Constable of said County:
4-- - -7'-1- - - --=-"~
~~~ ~""-----=~
~~ -~r::£
~ ~
To~

- ~~
~~-~
----~~=
~-~
~~-•_.X

- ,_..
Wher eas,- _,(flff._

~

=-.·'7---,,;_,,__ _ _ of

the said Coun ty, has this day made

of Virginia, to comm and you forth with to appreThes e are there fore, in the name of the Comm onwe alth

�Commonwealth
vs.

} Arrest Warrant

{ ( ~ 7J
~

-· ~ 7·~

···~4.~=··•··----·

/;.ka4:..~,~. ~..~

I ,..S

-r)

(.)
'},., Is7! &lt;-D
3 . 0 ()
0

Executed the within warrant by arresting

I

I O,s--~ o ,&gt; D
I .)L

V

\

I
I

:·;:::,:JE,~ :,~~, ;,.~;;:::::
moning the within named witnesses in person,

4-

I ,

I ,

_
__.-:::-;,

2-

~

_c,

~-

()

1M,

/ c f ' : , ~ .......... l9A~

~

. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .... ~a.~. . . . .

�Arrest Warrant
COMMONWEAL TH OF VIRGINIA, }
TO WIT:
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY,

, a Constable of said County:

of the said County, has this day made

These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to command you forthwith to appre-

mo

,

cfJff; if~

.

r:J. -~~~~~~~~~--­

to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth, on the examination touching the said offence.
Given under my hand and seal this----#- - -day of

No. 38

~

, in the year 192.il.

"'"'""""iZ:.~,:zQ

J. P. (Seal)

�Commonwealth
vs.

} Arrest Warrant

Executed the within warrant by arresting

-..·;]-~ , / ~ ~

&amp;:.z-

and dcli~iJJgJhe ~dy

9i--J

~----l.~-Y.Wbefore-~

a Justi

~

····· ·· ············--······

-~ ~~d. _

o Ro~i~;n C~y, and by sum-

monin the within named witnesses in person,

�Commonwealth of Virginia---City, County of, ([2_ ~ ~ to-wit

n ~-

.

WHEREAS . (}., ... j;.,........................................
has this davQade complaint and informatio
0f

t he

•ct

Sal

County
City

0

on oath before

e, · ·'···· ··· 1···· ··

~

.................. of

the said

~nty

···················· ··· ··· ··········a ·.! ....... ! .. ... ......... .
Name of Magistrate.
Title.

··•····· ·· •······ •

~"
. f•~
that he verfilv bc:a.1eves
. ti1e sa1·ct
for the reasons h ere ma
=r s t,a tccl in

c·anablc of being used, i n the manufact ur e of Ardent
IJyone ....

6

·-'·······~;e;~· ;~~~·; ~ ; · · ; ; j ; n ~ · , ·

County
City

an d Sta te :

Spirits,a'I'e unlawfully in the possession of.

unlawfully used

- .. ........ ~ ~ • · ···································· ···················· ············•···················•······· ·····················
····················

·········- ········

in a
(c)

Arde.nl Snirits arP. beinl-'i

a, fullv kept , held, stored, concealed. used. sold, a.

u :awfully t ransported in certain bag.

gage or a certain vel1iclei. to-wil: -a certain ............................................................ .................................
·.................... .............................................. .
(Here describe vehicle, auto. motor boat, package or baggage, or what not)

bv one..................................................................................................... ....... .................... ................... .: ...... .....................
.......................................... .......
(Give name. or say. uwhose
name is to the informant unknown")

And there being r easonable and probable cause for such belief.on acco unt of the foilow'ing
facts stated b:v the affiant and
olheDS, to-wit:

that .....

~~ ~ ~
.....

..

· ·· · · ···· · ····· ·· · ··············· · · ······ · · · ·· · · · · ••0 • •··· · ········· · ···· · ······ · · · · ·• ····· · · ·· · ···· ···

······------------·-- ··---------------

....... ·· ·:·······:········· :························•···················································

· ··· ···· ··· ······ ···· ····· ·· ·· ·· ········ ··7········· i?········ •·;i--·· ·· ···· ·········· ····················
·······•············

·····

j
--- -------···- ······ --·· ···········-········ ···• ·· ···--- --···········-· ····· ·· ·--

···················• ··········································· ·················-··

------ --------------.. ... ..... ------------._ --.. ········ -···················· ·-·---·········-' ········ ·········· ....·- .. .

·········-·········· ················· - ····················· ···· ·····-···························•··•-···············-······· ·····················
··········-

········· ···················· ······-·············· -· ·-·······-· ··················-· ········-········ ······ •······-·· · ········
··-··· -··--·······-·· ······· -· -· ··•··· ··· ··················· ·········---· --······· ········•·· ··· ·· -·····-···· ··

········ -·· ····· ·· ····· •······· ·· ····· ·•·· ·····-· ·· ···---· -··· ·- ·········-·········· · ···-··------·--···-· ---·· · -· ··· ··

This is to certify that I have this day iss ued a sea'I'ch, wa;rnnt t o search the said.....~
. ~...

~

.....

GHcre say place ho se, room, boat,

::::~:-~~~~;;;;::#~;~s:,:,;:,·; ,i·; u;~;.~-~-..,-. .,-···--·- ·
'3:'.

Given under m:v hand this .../.~...dav of.. .................. L...... ..... 192.. ..

�AFF IDA VIT FOR A WAR RAN T TO
SEA RCH
FOR ARD ENT SPIR ITS, ETC.
Com mon weal th of Virg inia
VI.

Filed in the Cler k's Offic e of th e .
.. ..... . ·..... .
Cour t of the ..... ..... •. of. . • . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . Va.
Coun ty or City

Name

Cour t of the .... . .. . ... . ..... .. .
. ... .. .. . .
Virg inia, this ............day of.... ... .. .. .. :.........
........ .,

192 . ...... .

Cler k.

By ......................... .......................... ............ .....

D. C.

�Commonwealth of Virginia, l T
.(Rockingham County, j o-wt ·
_j_{~ay~: __0 - ~-~-a ~~------ ----------- ----~/---- ---_f,. _
ik~ -------------CA-,- --. ~ - BE

IT

REMEMBERED

came before

that on the

me_fJ?;vp;J-i/4--:;:;:.__ __/?J~ ·- ~ ------ ·_______ ~. ·-----

of the said county of Rockingham, and severally and respective1Jy acknowledged themselves to be indebted to the Commonwealth of Virginia, in manner and form following, tha,t is to say: the said
-- ~ _,j,---_

{Ju~.,- ~~4-~~ -~

&lt;J1iv-,. t/._jl~ _,t.,Hi/4 ___ in

.'i,v.,--1 -~cLu ✓ ~cl#7-~ -t-t ___ -

C-.--1 _ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~

good and lawful money of the United States, and the s a i d _ ~ - ~

~

in the sum oL_f,__ ____

k

_____________________

the sum of

---------------

Dolla.rs of like good and lawful money, to be

respectively made and levied of their several goods and chattels, lands and tenements, and they
severally waived the benefit of their Homestead Exemption as to this obligation, and also waived any
claim or right to discharge any liability to the Commonwealth arising under this recognizance with
coupons detached from the bonds of this State, to the use of the Commonwealth of Virginia if the said
-- - - ~ - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ______ shall make default in the performance of the
conditions underwritten.
The condition of the above r ecognizance is such that if the above bound __ ~

-------

-- ~ ------------ - --------------do and shall personally appear before the Circuit
Court of Rockingham on the __ j ~ __da.y of the___ __ _ -------- -- ~--- ----Term next
,//2/7.
4
thereof, being the_~_____ day of__~--F----~:'________________ 192 3' , at the Court-house thereof,
and then and there answer the Commonwealth of Virginia conceming a certa.in_~.! ~whereof the said __~

- ~ - -------- ____________________ stands char;ged, and shall no-t

depart thence without the leave of said Court, th en the above r ecognizance shall be void ru1d of no
effect, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue.
Taken and acknowledged before me, the day and year first above written.

_________ f(/W1J~;:::;:= __ If.@, ______________ _

�,

�Commonwealth of Virginia~City, County of,~½Lto-wit:
To the Prohibition Inspectors, Sheriffs, Sergeants, and all Police Officers and Constables of the State of

Virginia-Greeting:
WHEREAS

_

...

_JJ..,_____________ __________ _;;
~ ~ - -- ______ of the said

has this day
of the said

~

.

ation on oath before me,_U)_;£... _ ~
Name of Magistrate.

~nty

that he verily

es. that in the said

~~t:v

-----J+R--Title .

and State:

~!~nty

(a) That Ardent Spirits are being

used and

(b) A still, still cap, worm, tubs, fermenters and other appliances connected with
mash and other substances, capable of being used, in the manufacture of Ardent Spirits, are unlawfully
in the possession of, and unlawfully used by one__

_ ________

£&amp;_~----------------------

(Give name: if name unknown, say.

in a certain __ ~

- fl!'_ _ ~ ~

,_ _·__ ----~

"Whose name is to the information unknown")

---~-

________________ _

(Here describe p lace as in (a) above)

and unlawfully transported in certain baggage or a certain vehicle, to-wit: a certain _______________________________ _
(Here describe vehicle. auto. wagon. carriage . buggy, boa t, bagga11e or what not)

by

one __________________________________

------------------------------------------

(Here g ive n a me, or describe as in (a) above)

And there being reasonable cause for such belief:

THESE ARE, THEREFORE, IN THE NAME OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, to command you, witJh all necessary and proper speed and assistance, to search the house, place, baggage, boat or
vehicle herein designated, either in day or night, and seize such ardent spirits and, their containers and
other things apparently possessed or used in violation of law, and bring the same and the person or persons, in whose possessidn they are found, and also any person resisting, impeding, obstuucting, or in any
manner hindering or delaying you in the execution of this warrant before me, or some other officer having
jurisdiction of the case, to be disposed of and dealt with according to law; and make return of this warrant
showing all acts and things done thereunder, with

i

particular statement and sufficient description of the

things seized and the name of the pen;on in whose possession found, if any, and if not found in the possession of any one, so state in your return, and post a true copy of this warrant and the return thereof, as required by law.
Given under my hand and seal this_J~L_day of_ ________ , ___ 192_c5:

�l
DIRECTIONS
1.

2.

If only Ardent Spirits and containers be seized,
the Magistrnte shall fix a time not less than IO
nor more than 30 days from the date of return, for
the hearing of sa id return. If n o claimant appear,
the Ardent Sp irits and articles are to be forfeite d
to Commonweal.th. Any person claiming any o !
same must file a written claim stating p a rticul a rly
th e charac ter a nd e x t ent of his interest therein,
whereupon the Magistra te shall certify t he warrant, written claim a nd articles claimed, t o the
Circuit or Corporation Court, as the case m ay be,
for determina t ion, and d eclare the unclaimed a rticles forfeited .

If still, still cap, worm, tubs, hea t er, fermenters, 1
or any appliance connected with a s til'l and w,sed,
o r m ash or other substance capable of being u sed, \
in the manufacture of Ardent Spirits, be seized,
t he m ash (aft er taking a sample) sh all be de- 1
st royed, and the facts a n d article,s seized reported
t o the Prohibitio.n Commissioner and Commonwealth's Attorney. (A copy of this warrant anc1
p roper r e t11 :-,, will be a suffi c• .. ,11tl n otice and report.) Ardent Spirits and cor: tainers dispo's ed of
as in No. 1 above.

3. If Ardent Spirits are being transpor ted in an automobile, boat, wagon. buggy, or other vehicle, the
Ardent Spirits and containers shall be preserved
a nd the vehicle shall be delivered ,t o the Sergeant
of the City, the facts reported to the Prohi bition
Commtssioner and Commonwealth's Attorney and
Ardent Spirits and containers disposed of as provided in No. 1 ab ove. (A copy of this warrant and
proper return will be a sufficent report.)

4. A cop:: of this warrant and the return thereon
must be posted a t the front door of the house, or
on t h e door of the room, or on the prem ises at
the place ,t he Ardent Spirits may be found.

See Set tions 21 1-2, 22, 23, 23 1-2, 57 and 57 1-2.
Act s of Asse n bly , 1918, Page 578.

h ewarrant this ...
E xecute~ twithi

. . . . . , .. . , 1 9 ~ e chin

of . ·. ~
wi t hin

k:. ri.2._, .day

ted

th e

~...Y..............~~
(Here state house, room, place,

/'

and by seizing the foll owing described Ardent Spirits
and other things therein found (and arresting the
above n amed person found in possession thereof) and
by p os ting a true copy of this warrant and the retu r n
hereon on the
(Here 1ay place, house, room, boat,
auto or baggage, or as case may be)

--·--·-·•······························· ·-·----·································-------·-··············-•
as front door of house, door of room or premises)

Other th an above stated the following are witnesses :

------·-············------------------------ ------------------··········-···························----------·········· .···········-------------------------··--···············-····-···········---·········
This matter set for hearing on the ... .. .... . d ay
of .. . .. . ... . ... . . . ... 192 ...•
No claim of ownership or interest in any of the
said things seized having been filed herei n in complia n ce with the law, .the same are hereby adjudged
and decla r ed confiscated and forfeited to the Commonwealth.
Given under my hand this . .. .. . . . ..... . .. .. day
of . ...........•. . ..••• , 192 ....
Title of Magistrate,

�Commonwealth of Vir gin ia-C ity, County o f , ~ L

to-wit:

To the Prohi bition Inspec tors, Sheriffs, Serge ants, and all
Police Officers and Const ables of the State of

,_ ___Q __ _ _
of the said

_ ---¼-~ -----

of the said

~ nt :v

before me,_l fJ l_,_~ , - - - - ----- ---- -Name of Magistra
t e.

City
Coun ty

the said

Ti tle.

and State:

City
Count y

(a) That Arden t Spirit s are being unlawfully manu factur
ed, sold, kept, stored, possessed, held, used and
concea led in a certai n . __ - - ~- -f' ..

~

by

oner•.- --~ -W -~ -

~ &amp;•• ; ) cJ ._ ~ _______ ____ _

~~~o~~ ~~~h~

--

~e-~e~: i &gt; t: ::·_ h~ ~
s~-- :~m
~
c: s_
( ive name. if name unknow n, say, "Whose n ame
is o t

~~ :~ - - - - - - - - - - - informa nt un known'')

(b) A sti

still cap, worm, tubs; ferme nters and other appliances c
ected with s c still and used, and
mash and other substa nces, capable of being used, in the manu
factur e of Arden t Spirit s, are unlawfuliy
in the possession of, and unlawfully used by one_~ , _
.

cm, .

·-·G····_fu
· _t;..d_____________________ _
=·

"W&gt;oo•

••m• ,. ,. " · '"'°'="•·

••,...... ,

(He r e describe place as in (a ) above)

(c) Arden t Spirit s are being u aw ully kept, held, stored
, concealed, used, sold, a d u~lawfully transported in certai n bagga ge or c rtain vehicle, to-wit: a certai
n _____ __ _______ _____ _____ ______ __
(Here describe vehicle . a uto. wagon. carriage , buga:y.
boat. bagga11e or what not)

by

one ___ · ---- - ----- --- ----- --- - - ----- - ---- ----- -in- ----- - ----- ----- ----- ----- -- &lt;Here g ive name. or descri be as
(a) above )
And there being reasonable cause for such belief:

THES E ARE, THER EFOR E, IN THE NAME OF THE COMM
ONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, to command you, with all necess ary and prope r speed and a ssistan
ce, to sear.ch the house , place, baggage, boat or
,
vehicle herein designated, either in day or night, and seize
'
--~
such arden t spiri and, their containers and
other things appar ently possessed or used in violation of
law, and bring the same and the person or persons, in whose possessidn they are found, and also any person
resisting, impeding, obstrlucting, or 1in any
mann er hinde ring or delaying you in the execution of this
warra nt before me, or some other officer having
jurisd iction of the case. to be disposed of and dealt with accord
ing to law; and inake return of this warra nt
showing all acts and things done thereu nder, with ~ partic
ular statem ent and sufficient description of the
things seized and the name of the pen;on in whose possession
found, if any, and if not found in the possession of any one, so state in your return , and post a true copy
of this warra nt and the return thereof, as required by law.
Given under my hand and seal this_JJ:d_L __ day of__ __
_ ____ __ 192_d ,_

�DIR ECT ION S
1.

2.

assist ed
The follow ing name d office rs and perso ns
nt:
warra
this
of
tion
execu
he
t
•
in
me

WAR RAN T TO SEA RCH FOR. ARD ENT
.
SPIR ITS, ETC
.

be seized ,
I( only Arde nt Spiri ts and conta iners

than 10
the Magi strate shall fix a time not less
n, for
retur
of
date
nor more ,than 30 days from the
r,
appea
ant
claim
no
If
n.
retur
said
the heari ng of
forfe ited
the Arde nt Spiri ts and articl es are to be
any of
to Comm onwe alith. Any perso n claim ing
cular ly
same must file a writt en claim statin g par~i
in,~
there
est
inter
his
of
t
exten
the chara cter and
,t he \,' dr •
y
certif
shall
strate
Magi
the
n
eupo
wher
to t i
rant, writt en claim and articl es claim ed,
may b .-,
case
the
as
t,
Cour
n
oratio
Corp
or
it
Circu
imed a rfor deter mina tion, and decla re the uncla
ited.
forfe
ticles

ferme nters ,
If still, still cap, worm , tubs, heate r,
and U1Sed,
still]_
a
with
ected
conn
ance
appli
or any
used,
being
of
le
capab
ance
or mash or other subst
seized ,
be
ts,
Spiri
nt
Arde
of
re
faotu
manu
in the
be dethe mash (afte r takin g a samp le) shall
ted ·
repor
seized
e\s
articl
and
facts
the
and
stroy ed,
onComm
and
er
to the Proh ibitio n Comm ission
nt and
wealt h's Attor ney. (A copy o.f this warra
e and reprope r retur n will be a sufficie.Jllt notic
sed of
port.) Arde nt Spiri ts and conta iners dispo
as in No. 1 above .

d in an au"3. If Arde nt Spiri ts are being trans porte
le, the
tomo bile, boat, wago n, bugg y, or other vehic
rved
prese
be
shall
iners
co~ta
Arde nt Spiri ts and
Serge ant
and the vehic le shall be deliv ered ,to the
ibitio n
of the City, the facts repor ted to the Proh
ney and
Attor
alth's
onwe
Comm
and
ner
i,ssio
Comm
of as proArde nt Spiri ts and conta iners dispo sed
ant and
warr
this
of
copy
(A
.
above
1
No.
in
vided
t.)
repor
en.t
suffic
a
prope r retur n will be

~

.

Comm onw• alth o f ~

• ~•·• ·•• • • ••• •
· · ·•~•······•·• • · · ·· •··••~wJ...•••..nZ
.. ..
war~ ant this ..

the

..... ..... . :.

of.

192 ~ - ,

day

are witOthe r than above state d the follow ing
nesse s:

~y sea:c hi~g the

~ ~ ~-- _:_ __, ~) .
(Hel'e state hoc; ~~:~ ·'~7:: .----- ··

nt Spiri ts
and by seizin g the follow ing descr ibed Arde
ting the
arres
(and
found
in
there
s
thing
and other
of) and
there
ssion
posse
above name d perso n fou,nd in
retur n
the
and
nt
warra
this
of
copy
by p ostin g a true
................... .;....
hereo n on the ..................................................
boat. ·
(Here aa:, place, house, room,

·-·······························-·········;, _____
············· ·····-····························-·--·
or as case ma:, be)
auto or ba11:gage,

preml1ea)
as front door of house, door of room or

-

..... day
This mat ter set for heari ng on the .....
of ..... ..... ..... . . .• 192 • • ••
of the
No claim of owne rship or inter est in any
comin
n
herei
filed
been
g
havin
said thing s seize d
y adjud gel:i
plian ce with the law, &gt;the same are hereb
to the Comand decla red confi scate d and :forfe ited
th.
eal
monw
... day
Given unde r my hand this ..... ..... .....
of ..... . . ..,. ..... ..... , 19:a .•••

thing s
Desc riptio n of Arde nt Spiri ts and other

.~,.. ~ f : _ ~ ~

~
·
······
..... ~

~. ~- ·# --- ,
:: ..... .,-- / fa ~ .
.........~,

·····a _ ~
.............. . .............~ • ····
... f ~

-·~~~
~

cjt;;•~···t···lf:..~
."l'::..._
~

Title of Macis trate,

.£~

~

~.-·.:::.....~ .:......:7

..
...............................................................................

g b""
Wdtt on claim of =n,,. ,hip o, intom tn havin
seized . this
filed to certa in of the said thing s herei
in the claim
warra nt, the said claim and the thing s
ied to the
certif
y
he:eb
are
ibed,
descr
ly
parti cular
__ for de_____
_____
..
this
of
t
Cour
...
.....
..... .....
are hereb y
terrni natio ,n' and the said thing s uncla imed
forfe ited to
~~!u ~~;:; m::~ e~:~~ red con&amp; cated and
.. . d~y of
Give n unde r my hand this ... ... , __ ; ·:- ---·
, •••• , • , , , • , ••• , • •--, I92-- • •

Title of M&amp;.11:istrate.

.
·········-······-..-··· ···- ---- ---- ---- --·· "··........
retur n there on
4. A cop:?: of this warra nt and the
house , or
must be poste d at the front door of the
!ses at
premi
the
on
or
,
room
the
of
door
on the
.
found
be
may
the place ,t he Arde nt Spiri ts

See Secti ons 21 1 - 2, 22, 23, 23
Acts of Assem bly, 1918, Page 578.

1-2,

57 and 57

1-2.

--- --- -·· ·...-....······-··········..······-··..··..·•·•···········

Give n unde r my hand this . ..

J.. .~....day .of

··~~-

nt Spiri ts
NOT E.-U nless warr ant issued , for Arde
it is to
ge,
bagga
or
boat
being trans porte d in vehic le,
. If
issued
h
whic
from
iction
jurisd
the
to
be retur ned
~e
can
it
d,
porte
trans
issue d for Arde nt Spiri ts so
to
ned
retur
and
,
State
the
of
partJ
ex ecute d in any!
h
whic
gh
throu
any justic e in any coun ty or city
they were carrie d.

I

l

�Commonwealth of Virgin ia-City , County of, rt::_

0

£..ro-wit:

To the Prohibition Inspectors, Sheriff!i, Sergeants, and all Police Officers and Constables of the State of
Virginia-G reeting:
WHEREAS

r.)._ _

__fa~~---~-_,___(}_ __ ~ __{J,dc ______of the said ~•.,

has this day Uiade complaint and · f rmatfon on oath before

me,Jf)_i._, _ ~ , ___ :J_2_ ___ _
Ti tle.

Name of Magistrate.

and State:
t
·oun t Y that he verily believes, that in the said ccity
of. the said cu-c
oun y
(a) That Ardent Spirits are being unlawfully manuf actured 1 sold, kept, stored, possessed, held, used and

~~-- - ~ re~L ..{;cf .-- ~
__ _.{2ok_ ___ - - ~ ~ -- . ___ ______

concealed in a certain .
byone __

t~

I -----------

er e describe t he place. ho use. room or boa t. as the

(Give name. if name unknown. say,

ay be)

L _______ _

"Whose

(b) A still, still cap, worm, tubs; fermenters and other appliances conne ed ith such stil an used, and
unlawfully
mash and other substances, capable of being used, in the manufactu r f . rdent Spirits,

--~~L ------- ------- -£.
~-e -~~cl~~- ------------------------

by one __ ~
in the possession of, and unlawfully used &lt;Give
name : if name
in a c e r t a i n _ ~6-

--

unknown, say.

" Whose name is to the jnformation unknown")

(Here describe place as in (a) above)

(c) Ardent Spirits are bein u lawfully kept, held, stored, conceale ,

sed, sold, and unlawfully trans-

_________ ____ _
ported in certain baggage or a certain vehicle, to-wit: a certain _________ _________
boat. bagga11e or what not)
(Here describe vehicle. auto. wagon. carr iage, buggy,

by

__ --------- --------- --------- --------- -----one _________ _________ _________ _____
g ive name. or describe as in (a) above)
&lt;Here

And there being reasonable cause for such belief:
THESE ARE, THEREFO RE, IN THE NAME OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, to com-

mand you, witJh all necessary and proper speed and assistance, to sear.ch the house, place, baggage, boat or
vehicle herein designated, either in day or night, and seize such ardent spirits and, their containers and
other things apparently possessed or used in violation of law, and bring the same and the person or persons, in whose possessidn they are found, and also any person resisting, impeding, obst11ucting, or lin any
manner hindering or delaying you in the execution of this warrant before me, or some other officer having
jurisdiction of the case. to be disposed of and dealt with according to law; and make return of this warrant
showing all acts and things done thereunder , with ~ particular stiatement and sufficient description of the
things seized and the name of the pel1'1()n in whose possession found, if any, and if not found in the possession of any one, so state in your return, and post a true copy of this warrant and the return thereof, as required by law.

-ffl------n -----,-- ~Er}Jy

_ulp(~ ! j --

�1.

If only Ardent Spirits and containers be seized,

Coinmo,n wealth of Virgini~
C' vs.

ro

the Magistraite shall fix a time not less than
nor more than 30 d ays from the date of return, for
the hearing of said retu r n. If no claimant appear,
the Ardent Spirits and articles a re to be forfeited
to Commonwealt h. Any person claiming any of
same must fil e a written claim s tating p a rticularly
the character a nd e x tent of his interest therein,
whereupon the Magistrate shall certify ,t he warrant, written claim a n d articles claim ed, to the
Circuit or Corporation Court, as the case may be,
for determination , a nd decl a re the uncl aimed a r·ticles forfeited.

2.

.... ... .

o r a ny appliance connected with a stilfJ. a nd u\s ed,
o r mash or other substance capable of being us ed,
in the manufaot ure of Ardent Spir its, be seized,
t h e mash (after taking a sampl e) shall be destroyed, and the fact s and· articlE\5 seized reported
t o the Prohibitio n Com missioner and Commonwealth's Attorney. (A copy of this warrant and
proper r e turn will be a sufficie,n.t notice and report.) Ardent Spirits and cont ainers disposed of
as in No. 1 above.

3. If Ardent Spir its are being transported in an aut omobile, boat, wago n , buggy, or other veh icle, the
Ardent Spirits. and containers shall be preserved
and the vehicle shall be delivered ,t o the Sergeant
of the City, the facts reported to the Prohibition
Commissioner ,and Commonwealth's Attorney and
Ardent Spirits and containers disposed of as prov ided in No. 1 above. (A copy of this warrant and
proper return will be a sufficent report.)

4. A cop::; of this wa rrant and the return thereon

must be pos ted at the front door of the house, or
on th e door of the r oom, or on the prem ises at
t h e place ,t he Ardent Spirits may be found.

r-2,

57 and 57

1-2,

( _ _ ~ ............ .... .... .... .................... .... .. .. . ,....... .... . .

E xecuted the within warrant th.is .. -~
of. ~

~ . , . . .. ,

withi~

192~•• ,

;ilL &amp;~1. .. . C~..~tL.LiZ.. . .. .
-~ ·g~~·~.... ...i .

~~"7

I~i(~.f/1-:.: il.~?'

Other th an above stated the following are witnesses :

.}i;(.... .d ay

\1y searching th

ated ...~ ~... ... ..... .
(Here state h

.•

....

...'....

se, room, place,

and by seizing the following described Ardent Spirits
and other things therein found (and arresting th e
above n amed person found in possession thereof) and
b y pos ti ng a true copy of this warrant and the return

If still, still cap, wo rm, tubs,, hea ter, fermente rs,

See Sections 21 1-2, 22, 23 , 23
Acts of Assembly, 1918, Page 578.

The following named officers and persons assisted
me in ·t he execution of this warrant:

WARRANT TO SEARCH FOR ARDENT
SPIRITS, ETC.
,

DIRECTIONS

This m a tter ,set for hearing on the . . .. .. .... day
of ......... . .... . ... , 192 • • ••
No claim of ownership or interest in any of the
said things seized having been filed herein in compliance with the law, ,t he same are hereby adjudge&lt;l
and decla r ed confiscated and forfeited to the ComI monwealth.
Giv en under my hand this .................. day

he reo n on the
(H ere say place, house, room, boat,

------------- ··-·········--····················-------------------···········--·------·----

....

-----

a u to or baggage, or as case may be)

-- ·-····················•························---····----------············ .. ·····-------. ----- ·as front door of house, door of room or premi•es)

1

. .

~·L,!/}f/;if:~::z'~~
~~
e ~ ""-,,«,J.L ....~.........
~ ....t7ri!~

/l _ ./ , - _../

.. ~ ..~

-·······

~.~r. ~. 4 ..,.~....

_./t....~~..r..,l..

~ .. ~ ...~
4..~.71.-~
.... h. ..

I,

I

of ......... .. .. .. ...... , 19:a •.••

Description of Ardent Spirits and other things

1

'L

, -' .

Title of Magistrate.

Written. claim of owner.ship or interest having been
filed to certain of the said things herein seized, t h is
warrant, the said claim and the things in the claim
~~~~i.c.~l.~r.1:.. ~~~~~ib~~r;r:f ~:;s~~~--c_e_r_t~~~~--~~r

£. . ....a.~ - ...~.~

~--~.~~.~..~ - , . ~.,,,/ ~~!u~~:1m~~!e~~~~~red

y · o' .~

-

-lj f

~e~

termination' and the said things unclaimed are hereby

.__,

co,nfucated and forfeited to

Given under my hand this ...... __ .. ____ .... day of

~YP~.y ;.~~ ............... ... __,

~

. . K'~. ~:~::: :::: :::.. . . .. . .

...........................................................................................................

::;z

•·····•···············•·•·•·•·····•··•···... ······--······-········ .. ..
Given

·····•····················

hand this ... ~.~·'"'· .day of

- ~ ~°ii~-

1 9 2 -- ..

. .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .;;~~:. ~~. ·;,;~~;~·~;~~~·. .
NOTE.-Unless warrant issued for Ardent Spirits
being transported in vehicle, boat or baggage. it is to
be returned to the jurisdiction from which issued. If
issued for A rdent Spirits so transported, it can \)e
executed in anyt part of the State, and returned t o
any justice in any county or city through which
they were carried.

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32575">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Rosson</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32576">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32577">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32578">
                <text>guilty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32579">
                <text>witness testimony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32580">
                <text>posession of still</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32581">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32582">
                <text>1923</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32583">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32584">
                <text>RcPr-box3-037</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32585">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32586">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32587">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="235">
        <name>Gooden</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="170">
        <name>Rosson</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25944" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15859">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_001_010.pdf</src>
        <authentication>d3e7f53a519e1b62b41062e1d26573b0</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291488">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Short</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291489">
                <text>1782</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291490">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291491">
                <text>Defendant charged with unknown offense.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291492">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291493">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291494">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="291495">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291496">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291497">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291498">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291499">
                <text>Ccr002_001_010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="456">
        <name>Short</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25755" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15670">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_003_011.pdf</src>
        <authentication>9fbaf1c460785fa163c12e3a80367087</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289160">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Shulter</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289161">
                <text>1813</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289162">
                <text>Assault</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289163">
                <text>Defendant charged with assaulting and abusing.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289164">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289165">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289166">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="289167">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289168">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289169">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289170">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289171">
                <text>Ccr002_003_011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1565">
        <name>Shulter</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="26019" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15934">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_002_057.pdf</src>
        <authentication>b02894ae7a562dfc15aae39d94afa77f</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292397">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Samuel Sperry and William Kailor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292398">
                <text>1812</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292399">
                <text>Unlawful Gaming</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292400">
                <text>Defendant charged with unlawful gaming by playing cards. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292401">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292402">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292403">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="292404">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292405">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292406">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292407">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292408">
                <text>Ccr002_002_057</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1551">
        <name>Kailor</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1550">
        <name>Sperry</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
