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                    <text>This indenture made the 15th day of March one thousand eight hundred and seventeen between
Philip Brenner overseer of the poor for Rockingham County of the one part and Henry Kline of
the said county of the other part witnesseth that the said overseer of the poor in pursuance of an
order of the court of the poor in pursuance of an order of the court of said county of Rockingham
bearing date last January court to put and bind Jacob Coffman orphan of Jacob Coffman dec’d of
the said county sixteen years of age the 17th as an apprentice to the said Henry Kline to dwell and
serve until he shall arrive to the age of twenty one years to learn the art and mistery of a
blacksmith
In consideration of which the said Kline binds himself to the said Brenner or his successor of the
poor to teach and instruct or cause to be thaught and instructed the said Coffman the art and
mistery aforesaid during said term and more over to find the said Coffman in good and sufficient
clothes meat drink washing and lodging fit and convenient for such apprentice and teach him to
read write and common arithmetic including the rule of three and also at the end of his service
twenty dollars for his freedom. In witness whereof the said overseer of the poor to the counter
part of these presents set his hand and seal and the said Henry Kline hath set his hand and affixed
his seal the day and year above written
Signed sealed and delivered in the presence of

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                <text>Indenture of Apprenticeship, Jacob Coffman to Henry Kline </text>
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                    <text>This indenture witnesseth that I Jacob Rife, one of the overseers of the poor for the county of
Rockingham and State of Virginia do put and bind Jacob Fisher (orphan) son of Jacob fisher,
agreeable as an order of Court dated at April court ninety-seven to John Cratzier of the county
and state of Aforesaid and after the manner of an apprentice to serve the said John Cratzier from
the say of the date hereof for and during and to the full end and term of four years next
[illegible], during all which term, the said apprentice, his said master faithfully shall serve, his
secrets keep his lawfull commands everywhere readily obey , he shall do damage to his said
masters goods, nor lend them unlawfully to any, he shall not commit fornication, nor contract
matrimony during the said term, he shall not play cards, dice, or any other unlawfull game
whereby his said master may have damage, with his own goods or the goods of others without
license from his said master, he shall neither buy nor sell, he shall not absent himself, day nor
night, from his said masters service without his leave; nor haunt ale houses, taverns, or
playhouses, but in all things behave himself as a faithfull apprentice ought to do during the said
term and this said master shall use the utmost of his endeavors to teach or cause to be taught or
instruct the said apprentice in the trade or mistery of Tanning and Currying and procure and
provide for him sufficient meat, drink, apparel, lodging and washing fitting for any apprentice,
during the said term of four years and within said term to give six months scooling and three day
every harvest to himself with eight pounds in cash at the end of said term with customary free
dues and for the true performance of all and singular the covenants and agreements aforesaid the
said parties bind themselves each unto the other firmly by these presents.
In witness whereof the said parties interchangeably set their hands and sealed hereunto dated
thus 25th day of April one thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered.

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                    <text>This indenture made this tenth day of July 1819 between Stephen Harnsberger overseer of the
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                <text>Indenture of Apprenticeship, James Holman to Isaac Hardesty </text>
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                    <text>This indenture made the 25th day of Feb 1820 between John Coffman overseer of the poor in the
county of Rockingham and commonwealth of Virginia of the one part and Abraham Knave of
the county and commonwealth aforesaid of the other part, Witnesseth that John Coffman
Overseer of the poor as aforesaid by virtue of an order of county of Rockingham bearing date
November term 1819 have placed and bound and by these presents do put place and bind James
Lowry a free boy of colour of the age of 16 years the 19th day of October last to be an apprentice
with him the said Abraham knave to dwell from the date of these presents until the said James
Lowry shall come to the age of Twenty one years according to the act of the General Assembly
in that case made and provided by and during all which time and term the said James Lowry
shall the said Abraham Knave his said master well and faithfully serve in all such lawful
business as the said James Lowry shall be put unto by his said master according to the power wit
and ability of him the said James Lowry and honestly and obediently in all things shall behave
himself towards his said master and honestly and orderly towards the rest of the family of the
said Abraham Knave and the said Abraham Knave for his part for himself his Ex. And
Administrators doth hereby promise and covenant to and with the overseer of the poor and every
of them their and every of their Ex and Adm and their and every of their successors for the time
being and to and with the said James Lowry that he the said Abraham Knave shall the said James
Lowry in the craft mystery and occupation of a Blacksmith which he the said Abraham Knave
now useth after the best manner that he can or may teach instruct and inform or cause to be
taught instructed or informed as much as there unto belongeth or in any wise assertaineth and
that the said Abraham Knave shall find and allow unto the said apprentice sufficient meat, drink,
apparel, washing, lodging, and all the things needful for an apprentice during the term aforesaid
and also that the said Abraham Knave shall moreover pay to the said James Lowry the sum of
twenty dollars at the expiration of his aforesaid term as his freedom dues in Witness whereof the
parties of these presents have interchangeably set their hands the day and year first above written

�</text>
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                <text>Indenture of Apprenticeship, James Lowry to Abraham Knave </text>
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                    <text>This indenture made this eight day of September one thousand eight hundred and four between
John Baxter overseer of the poor for the couth district in the county of Rockingham of the one
part and Josiah Harrison of the said county of the other witnesseth that the said overseer of the
poor in pursuance of an order of the court of said county baring date November court one
thousand eight hundred and three doe put place and bind James Miller of said county a poor boy
being nine years old last Jan as an apprentice to the said Josiah Harrison to dwell with and serve
him until he shall arrive to the age of twenty one years
In consideration whereof the said Josiah Harrison doth bind himself to the said John Baxter or
his successor overseer of the poor to teach or cause to be taught the said James Miller the art and
mistery of the milling business within the time above mentioned and to furnish the said
apprentice with clothes meat drink and lodging fit and convenient for such an apprentice and to
teach or cause him to be taught to read and right and common arithmatick including the rule of
three and at the end of his apprenticeship shall give unto the said apprentice all such freedom
dues as the law directs
In witness where of each of us hath hereunto set out hands and seals

�</text>
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                    <text>This indenture made the first day of January 1807 between John Baxter overseer of the poor for
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of the other part witnesseth that the said overseer of the poor in pursuance of an order of the
court of said county baring date November one thousand and eight hundred and five Doth put
place and bind Jane Miller of said county a poor girl being about thirteen years of age unto the
said Josiah Harrison to dwell with and serve him until she shall arrive to the age of 18 years
In consideration whereof the said Harrison doth bind himself to the said John Baxter or his
successor overseer of the poor to teach or cause to be taught to the said child to read and rite and
to furnish said child with meat drink and lodging fit and convenient and when the said Jane
Miller shall arrive to the age of twenty one years the said Josiah Harrison is to furnish her with
all such freedom dues as the law directs
In witness whereof each of us have hereunto set our hands and seals the day and year above
written

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                    <text>This indenture made the 11th day of June 1840 between Jacob Trumbo one of the overseers of the
poor of the second district in county of Rockingham pf the one part and Richard Winfield of the
other part Witnesseth that the said overseer of the poor by virtue of an order of the county court
of the county aforesaid bearing date Oct. 1839 have put placed and bound Jefferson a free boy of
colour of the age one year and 8 months old the 15 of October 1830 to be an apprentice with him
the said Richard Winfield and as an apprentice hit him the said Richard Winfield to dwell from
the date of these presents until the said Jefferson arrive and come to the age of twenty one years,
According to the act of Assembly made and provided: For and during all which time and term
that said Jefferson shall the said Richard Winfield well and faithfully serve on all such lawfull
business as the said Jefferson shall be put unto by the Richard Winfield according to the power
wit and ability of him the said Jefferson and the said Jefferson shall honestly and obediently in
all things behave towards the said Richard Winfield and honestly and orderly towards the family
of the said Richard Winfield and that the said Richard Winfield for himself executors and
Administrators doth hereby covenant and promise to and with the said overseers of the poor and
his successors in office for the time being that the said apprentice shall the craft mystery or
occupation of a farmer which he the Richard Winfield now useth after the best manner that he
can or may teach, instruct and inform or cause to be taught instructed and informed as much as
thereunto belongeth or in any wise assertaineth and that the said Richard Winfield shall allow the
said Apprentice sufficient meat drink, appearel washing lodging and all other things needful or
nect for an apprentice during term aforesaid and at the expiration of the said service, to give to
the said Jefferson the sum of Twenty dollars as his freedom dues In witness whereof the parties
to these presents have hereunto set their hands and seals this day and year above written

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                    <text>This indenture witnesseth that I Jacob Custer overseer of the poor of the county of Rockingham
by virtue of an order of court from Rockingham dated the September court 1799 hath and by
these presents doth put and bind Jehu Gum born the 14th day of May 1787 an apprentice to
William Bryan of the said county of Rockingham to serve him in said county till he arrives to the
age of twenty-one years. During all the said term of time the said apprentice his master faithfully
shall serve his secrets keep his lawfull commands everywhere obey he shall do no damage to his
said master neither suffer it to be done by others he shall neither buy nor sell commit fornication
or contract matrimony or play at cards, dice, or any other unlawful game with his own or his said
masters goods or haunt alehouses, taverns, or playhouses he shall not waste hi masters goods or
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teach the said apprentice or cause to be taught to read the Bible well also to wright and cypher to
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In witness whereof each of us hath hereunto set our hands and affixed our seals this twelth day of
April 1800.
Signed, sealed, delivered

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                    <text>This indenture made this twentieth day of August in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eleven and the 36th year of independence of the United States of America between
Joseph Cravens and Joseph Williams overseers of the poor of the west district in the county of
Rockingham of the one part and George Smalty of said county of the other part. Witnesseth that
the said Joseph Cravens and Joseph Williams overseers of the poor as aforesaid by virtue of an
order of the court of the aforesaid county bearing date the 6th day of July last past, have put
placed and bound and by these present do put place and bind Jeremiah McKee orphan boy of the
age of eight years the 25th day of October 1811 to be an apprentice with him the said George
Smalty to dwell from the date of these presents until the said Jeremiah McKee shall come to the
age of 21 years according to the act of the General Assembly in that case made and provided By
and during all which time and term the said Jeremiah McKee shall the said George Smalty his
said master well and faithfully serve in all such lawful business as the said Jeremiah McKee shall
be put unto by his said master, according to the power, writ and ability of him the said Jeremiah
McKee and honestly and obediently in all things behave himself towards his said master and
honestly and orderly towards the rest of the said family of the said George Smalty and the said
George Smalty for his part for himself his executor and administrators doth hereby promise and
covenant to and with the said overseers of the poor and every of them, their and every of their
executors, administrators and their and every of their successors for the time being, and to and
with the said Jeremiah McKee that he the said George Smalty shall the said Jeremiah McKee in
the craft mystery and occupation of a shoemaker, which he the said George Smalty now useth
after the best manner that he can or may teach instruct and inform or cause to be taught
instructed and informed as much as thereunto belogeth or in any wise assertaineth and that the
said George Smalty shall also find and allow unto the said apprentice sufficient meat drink
apparal washing lodging and all things needful or necessary for an apprentice during the term
aforesaid And also that the said George Smaltzy shall teach or cause to be taught to the said
Jeremiah McKee reading writing and common arithmetic including the rule of three and will
moreover pay to the said Jeremiah McKee the sum of fifteen dollars at the expiration of his
aforesaid term; In witness whereof the parties to these presents have interchangeably set their
hands and seals the day and year first above written

�</text>
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                  <text>Rockingham County Overseers of the Poor: Indentures of Apprenticeship</text>
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                  <text>Series III is comprised of Rockingham County Indentures of Apprenticeship, which were formal contracts created by the overseers to bind poor or orphaned children to a "master" with who they would learn a trade. Their term generally lasted until the age of twenty-one for males and eighteen for females. Trades were typically determined by the apprentice's sex as well. Active labor and semi-skilled artisan positions were reserved for males, while females often served their term learning to sew, spin, knit, or domestic labor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Overseers of the Poor collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aid&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
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                  <text>The Overseers of the Poor of Rockingham County</text>
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                  <text>JMU Libraries </text>
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                  <text>1766-1871</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="51519">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
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              <name>Format</name>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/11"&gt;Overseers of the Poor: Minutebooks and Correspondences&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4525"&gt; Overseers of the Poor Finding Aid&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>1811</text>
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                <text>Indenture of Apprenticeship, Jeremiah McKee to George Smaltz</text>
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                <text>shoemaker</text>
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                <text>JMU Libraries </text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="55507">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
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                <text>Osp003_002_007</text>
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        <name>Mckee</name>
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      <tag tagId="661">
        <name>Smaltz</name>
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