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                    <text>This indenture made this 23rd day of October one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven
between Samuel McWilliams and James Quinn overseers of the poor for district and county of
Rockingham of the one part and William Richardson of the aforesaid county of the other part.
Witnesseth that the said Samuel McWilliams and James Quinn, overseers of the poor as
aforesaid by virtue of an order of the county court of the aforesaid county, bearing date, October
Court 1791 have put, placed and bound and by these presents do put, place, and bind unto Nancy
McClung, poor child of Thomas McClung of the age of twelve years to be an apprentice with
him the said William Richardson and as an apprentice with him the said William Richardson to
dwell from the dare od these presents until the said Nancy McClung shall come to the aide of
eighteen years, and duing to the act of General Assembly, in that case made and provided by and
during all which term and time the said Nancy McClung shall the said William Richardson her
said master, well and faithfully serve, in all such lawfull business as the said Nancy McClung,
shall be put into by her said master William Richardson, according to the power wit and ability
of the said Nancy McClung and honestly and obediently in all things shall behave herself
towards her said Master and honestly and orderly towards the rest of the family of the William
Richardson and the said William Richardson for himself his executors and admin. Doth hereby
covenant and procure to and with the said overseers of the poor and every of them, their and
every of their exers and admins and their and every of their successors for the tune being and to
and with the Nancy McClung that he the said William Richardson, shall the said Nancy
McClung in the craft mistery and occupation of seamstress to writ: sewing, knitting, and
spinning. And that the said William Richardson shall also find and allow unto the said
apprentice, sufficient meat and drink, apparel, washing, lodging, and all other things needful, or
necessary for an apprentice during the term aforesaid; and also that the said William Richardson
shall teach or cause to be taught to the said Nancy McClung reading, writing. And will moreover
pay unto the said Nancy McClung twelve dollars at the expiration of her term aforesaid.
In witness whereof the parties to those parties to these presents have interchangeably set there
hands and seals the day and year first above written. Sealed and delivered in presences of

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                  <text>Series III is comprised of Rockingham County Indentures of Apprenticeship, which were formal contracts created by the overseers to bind poor or orphaned children to a "master" with who they would learn a trade. Their term generally lasted until the age of twenty-one for males and eighteen for females. Trades were typically determined by the apprentice's sex as well. Active labor and semi-skilled artisan positions were reserved for males, while females often served their term learning to sew, spin, knit, or domestic labor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Overseers of the Poor collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aid&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
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                <text>Indenture of Apprenticeship, Nancy McClung to William Richard </text>
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                <text>Indenture of Apprenticeship, Nancy Plumb to Aaron Solomon </text>
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                    <text>This indenture made this sixth day of October 1817 between Aron Solomon overseer of the poor
for Harrisonburg district in the county of Rockingham of the one part, and Joseph Cravens of
said town of Harrisonburg in county aforesaid of the other part witnesseth that the said Aron
Solomon overseer of the poor as aforesaid by virtue of an order of the court of the aforesaid
county, bearing date September term 1817 has put placed and bound and by these presents doth
put place and bind Nancey Shackleford orphan of Cristopher Shackleford dec’d nine years old
the ninth day of this month to be an apprentice with him the said Joseph Cravens and as an
apprentice with him the said Joseph Cravens to dwell from the date of these presents until the
said Nancy Shackleford shall come to the age of eighteen years according to the Act of
Assembly in that case made and provided. By and during all which time and term, the said
Nancy Shall her said master Joseph Cravens will and faithfully serve in all such lawful business
as the said Nancy Shackleford shall be out unto by her said master according to the power, wit,
and ability of her the said Nancy Shackelford and honestly and obediently in all things shall
behave herself towards the family of him the said Joseph Cravens. And the said Joseph Cravens
for his part and for his executors and administrators doth hereby promise and covenant to and
with the said overseers of the poor and every of them their and every of their execs. And
administrators and their and every of their successors for the time being and to and with the said
Nancy Shackleford that he the said Joseph Cravens shall the said Nancy Shackleford in the craft
mystery and housekeeping such as are now used in and about the house of the said Joseph
Cravens after the best manner that he can or may teach, instruct and belongeth. And that the said
Joseph Cravens shall also find and allow unto the said apprentice, sufficient, meat, drink,
apparel, washing, lodging and other things needful or necessary for an apprentice during the term
aforesaid; and also that the said Joseph Cravens shall teach or cause to be taught to the said
apprentice reading and writing- and will moreover pay to the said Nancy Shackleford the sum of
twenty dollars at the expiration of the aforesaid term
In witness whereof the parties to these presents have interchangeable set their hands and seals the
day first above written

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                    <text>This indenture made this seventeenth day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and fourteen between Aaron Solomon one of the overseers of the poor for the west
district in the county of Rockingham of the one part, and Valentine Miller of the county
aforesaid of the other part witnesseth that the said overseer of the poor in pursuance to an
order of the court of the county aforesaid being on the above date doth put and bind Nicholas a
free boy of colour (supposed to be seventeen years of age at this time) as an apprentice to the
said Valentine Miller, with him after the manner of an apprentice to dwell and serve until he
shall arrive to the age of twenty one years, to learn the art trade and mystery of a Blacksmith.
In consideration of which the said Miller binds himself to the said Solomon or his successors
overseer of the poor to teach or instruct or cause to be taught or instructed the said Nicholas
the art and mystery of a blacksmith during said term. And moreover to find the said Nicholas in
good and sufficient cloathing meat drink washing, and lodging fit and convenient for such an
apprentice.
And also at the end of his service shall pay and satisfy to the said Nicholas twenty dollars, that
being the freedom dues allowed by the court.
In witness whereof the overseer of the poor aforesaid hath hereunto set his hand and seal and
the said Miller hath set his hand and seal the date above written.
Signed in the presence pf

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                    <text>This indenture witnesseth that I Jacob Custer overseer of the poor of the County of Rockingham
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these presents doth put and bind Norton Gum born the 15 day of August 1789 an apprentice to
William Bryan of the said county of Rockingham to serve him in said county till he arrives to the
aid of twenty one years during all the said term of time the said apprentice his master faithfully
shall serve his secrets keep his lawfull commands everywhere obey he shall do no damage to his
said master neither suffer it to be done by others he shall neither buy nor sell commit fornication
or contract matrimony or play at cards dice or any other unlawfull game with his own or his said
masters goods or the goods of others whereby his said master may have damage Neither haunt
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lodging and appearal fitting for such an apprentice during the said term and time and to teach the
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twelfth day of April 1800.
Signed sealed and delivered
In the presents of us
Jason Beggs
John Lockard

�</text>
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                    <text>This indenture made this 17th day of January one thousand eight hundred and four between
Alexander Graham overseer of the poor for the county of Rockingham of the one part and
Ezekiel Logan of the county aforesaid a millwright, of the other part Witnesseth that the said
overseer of the poor in pursuance of an order of the court of said county made this day doth by
these presents put and bind Patrick Raines of the county aforesaid aged fifteen years the
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sett of tools and the lawful freedom dues In witness whereof the said overseer of the poor to the
counter part of these presents hath set his hand and affixed his seal and the said Logan hath
hereunto set his hand and affixed his seal the day and year above written

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                    <text>This indenture made the 21 st day of Febraury in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and nine By and between Jacob Bear overseer of the poor of the county of Rockingham and state
of Virginia of the one part and William Beland of the County and state aforesaid of the other
part. Witnesseth that the said Jacob Bear overseer as aforesaid have put placed and bound and by
these presents do put place and bind Patsy Dear daughter of Polly Dear of the age of eight year
the 18th of last August to be an apprentice with him the said William Beland to dwell from the
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apparel and all other things needful for an apprentice during the said term And will moreover pay
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witness whereof the parties to these presents have hereunto set their hands and seals this 21st day
of February 1809

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                    <text>This indenture made the 17th day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and seven between John Boyde of Rockingham County and state of Virginia of the one part and
James Craig of said county and state of the other part Witnesseth that the said John Boyde by
these presents doth put place and bind his daughter Pegy Boyde aged sixteen years against the
fourth day of December next as an apprentice until she arrive to the age of eighteen years and
that she shall duly and faithfully serve the said Hames Craige as a good and faithfully apprentice
aught to do during the said term and not to absent herself day nor night without her said masters
leave In consideration of which service the said Craige doth covenant and agree to and with the
said John Boyde to find the said Pegy Boyde in good wholesome decent cloathing meat drink
washing and lodging During the said term and to give her three months regular schooling and a
good feather bed and furniture with a deacent suit of cloaths at the expiration of the said term and
to teach or cause her to be taught to nit sew and spin to the true performance of each and every of
the above covinants and agreements the parties bind themselves to each other In witness whereof
we have here unto set our hands and seals the day and year first above written

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                    <text>TH Is

IND

Ye /ta
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AT

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ffit&lt;-"7
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{7,J-€,
~~

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/J0-71~de
n-(7fo~~#;-;~~a:::p£

hath ptt t Imnfeif;-and by thefe Prefents,

J

OV-ev.RQ/T'

x?

d

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and

doth Voluntarily ,

of his own free Vvill and Accord, put himfe1f Apprentice to - Y/&gt;171,-7')/

c/20

/

to le arn his Art,

Trade and ~Myil:ery; and after the Manner of an Ap ...

7
prentice, to ferve the faid
~~
from t he Day of the Date hereof, for, and dur· ng, and unto the full End

{J'f~" "Y

½u

and Term of ~

C

r J

j- ~rJe Jc a,r',.,,.
his

faid Mafler faithfully

fhall fcrve, h is Secrets keep, his lawful Commands

at all ~Iiincs re:-di1y

during all which

Term

the faid Apprentice

Obey: He (},al~ do no Damage to his faid MaCT:er,nor fee it tv b~ c 0 ; 1e
•by others, without giving Not ice thereof to h is faid Mailer: j , fo;;il
not wafie his faid !.1after's Good , _nor lend them unlawfully to an) : Le
ihall not commi t Forni&lt;;at.i.on or .contract Matrimony within the f id
Term . At Ca 1:ds, Dice , or any ctk r unlawful Game, he !bali no t j)i.iy
vhereby his fa.id Mafier may have Damage.

With

his own Good s, no r

the Goods of others. without Licenfe frog_1his Maft er, he {hall not buy
nor fell. He !hall not abfent b imfelf Day or Night from his faid Mafier ·s
Service, without his Leave, nor haunt Alehoufes , Taverns , or Playhoufr:~ ,
bnt in all Things behave himfelf as a faithful Apprentice
during the faid Term.

oug

1t

to do,

And the faid Mafi:er ih all ufe the utmoCT:of h:s

Endeavours to teach, or caufo to be taugh t or infiru 5red, the faid Apy /
).
__pr
entice, in t he Trade or Myfl:ery of
lrJ,£.,.&lt;'P' CIY~da.u.•'rl.( , ,.i&lt;/,;; ~-· /7kPa.'. J (?N / ~(,,,"/,: /,
/,)tf,7 ;J ✓,/; .✓..,,.,.,. ,,
~,....,_a /;,-,. "&lt;..#&lt;&gt;--...L,, L' k P,1",~), £ ,,y/','f,,
r
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r
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and procure or provide for him fofficient I eat, Drink,
ot es, vVafofr:g

J7'.
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~U:,r5
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m
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and Lodging , fittin_g_for an_App~e tic e, during the_laid Term uf. /,{ ;: ½;~.,7.,. , u ,,.....
µ l' /_r;.,. r. ~ ; ,
&lt;'? !,-:I' q;'.ec ", 7 /:-&lt;.,,,,
'/ , , /..,4 c 7
Po/p7,cl/£.u..,,r , , o~J/~ - , , ecY,-,;/;)
t-~
4.nd for the true Perfo rman ce of all a!ld fingular the Covec.!.:.nts an d
,..':'/.co,.,.JY

./2_

,/ 1/,n~

A g reements aforefaid, the Parties
firm y by th efe Prefents,

h,'1

bind themf lves , each unto

WIT

0

O, e Thoufand

Day -.;of(

&lt;$,~&gt;-'~
J·/r~_,, ffyea
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/ £u,•~£

Seven h undrcu. aad Eighty

, ':/'';

--:t:°.I

. ~/tr---t;,✓• a ~
;it:
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.-~r,

in .thf-·ear

Dated

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t

of our_ L o J

C £ ,, .e..

and m

1

tL e

of the Com;I1onwealth.·

~nd
_7:,cl~ver:d}

11' I/Ji.

nc

S whereof, the faiu Pai t1~s

NES

iat rchano-eab y fet t ei\ Hands and Seals hereunto.

/4½,u/'ff

,, I?&lt;

IN

-PjXt e41/,

-- -------

t-✓ff,:li- L,;-

k~ J_fo;Jacfe
ti' , {

�•,

. ,,..
,

.,

.

...

..

�</text>
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                    <text>This indenture made this sixteenth day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand seven
hundred and ninety-six in 28th year of our independence of the United States of America between
William Cravens and Samuel McWilliams overseers of the poor of the west district of parish of
Rockingham in the county of Rockingham in the county of Rockingham of the one part and John
Owens of said county of the other part, witnesseth, that the said William Cravens and Samuel
McWilliams overseers of the poor as aforesaid by virtue of an order of the court of the aforesaid
county, bearing date the 26 day of September 1796, have put, placed, and bound and by these
presents do put, palace, and bind Peer Kendle poor child whose parents are not able to maintain
him of the age of fifteen years, last August to be apprentice with him the said John Owens Jr and
as an apprentice with him the said John Owens to dwell from the date of these presents until the
said Peter Kendle shall come to the years of twenty one, according to the act of Assembly in that
case made and provided by and during all which time and term, the said Peter Kendle shall the
said John Owens Jr his said master well and faithfully serve, in all such lawfull business as the
said Peter Kendle shall be put by his said master, according to the power, wit, and ability of him
the said Peter Kendle and honestly and obediently in all things shall behave himself towards his
said master, and honestly and orderly towards the rest of the family of the John Owens Jr. and
the said John Owens Jr for his part for himself his Exers. And Admins. Doth hereby promise and
covenant to I with the said overseers of the poor and every of them, their and way of their exrs.
and adms. And their every of their successors in office for the time being, and to and with the
said Peter Kendle that he that said John Owens Jr shall the said Peter Kendle in the craft, mistery
and occupation of shoe and boot maker which he the said John Owens Jr now useth, after the
best manner that he can or may teach, instruct, and inform, or cause to be taught is instructed and
informed as much as thereunto belongeth or in any [illegible]. And that the said John Owens Jr
shall also find and allow unto the said apprentice sufficient meat, drink, apparel, washing,
lodging, and all other things needful or meet for an apprentice during the term aforesaid.
And also that the said John Owens Jr shall teach, or cause to be taught into the said Peter Kendle,
writing and common arithmetic including the rule of three; and will moreover pay unto the said
Peter Kendle, the sum of twelve dollars at the expiration of his aforesaid term.
In witness whereof the parties to these presents have interchangeable set their hands and seals the
day and year first above written

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                    <text>This indenture made the 7th day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
forty five between Jacob Trumbo overseer of the poor for the district of the county of
Rockingham of the one part and Levi Hess of the said county aforesaid of the other part
witnesseth that the said Jacob Trumbo overseer of the poor as aforesaid by virtue of an order of
the court of the county aforesaid bearing date the 29th of November 1844 have put placed and
bound and by these presents do put placed and bind Polly Shoemaker of the age of ten years old
November last (1844) to be an apprentice with him the said Levi Hess and as an apprentice with
him the said Levi Hess to dwell from the date of these presents until the said Polly Shoemaker
shall attain the age of eighteen years according to the act of the General Assembly in that case
made and provided By and during all which time and term the said Polly Shoemaker shall the
said Levi Hess her said master well and faithfully serve in all such lawful business as the said
Polly Shoemaker shall be out unto by her said master according to the power wit and ability of
her the said Polly Shoemaker and honestly and obediently in all things shall she behave herself
towards her said master and honestly and orderly towards the rest of the family of the said Levi
Hess And the said Levi Hess for his part for himself his executors an administrators doth hereby
promise and covenant to and with the said overseer of the poor and every of them their executors
and administrators and their and every of their successors for the time being and to and with the
said Polly Shoemaker that he the said Levi Hess shall instruct the said Polly Shoemaker in
spinning sewing and knitting and all other kinds of business necessary to be taught such an
apprentice after the best manner that he can or may teach instruct and inform as much as there
unto belongeth or in any wise assertaineth And that the said Levi Hess shall also find and allow
unto the said apprentice sufficient meat drink apparel washing lodging and all other things
needful or nect for an apprentice during the term aforesaid and Also that the said Levi Hess shall
teach or cause to be taught to the said Polly Shoemaker orthography reading and writing and will
moreover pay the said Polly Shoemaker the sum of twenty dollars her freedom dues at the
expiration of the aforesaid term, In witness whereof the parties have interchangeably set their
hands and seals to these presents the day and year above written

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                    <text>This indenture made this 21st day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand eighteen
hundred and eleven and in the thirty fifth year of the Independence of the United States of
America between Joseph Cravens overseer of the poor of district in the county of Rockingham of
the one part and Mark Newland of said county of the other part Witnesseth- that the said Joseph
Cravens overseer of the poor as aforesaid by virtue of an order of the court of the aforesaid
county bearing date the 15th day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand eighteen
hundred and eleven hath put placed and bound and by these presents doth put place and bind
Polly a black girl of the age of years to be an apprentice with him the said Mark Newland and as
an apprentice with him the said Mark Newland to dwell from the date of these presents until the
said Polly shall arrive at the age of eighteen years which will be on the day of and in the year of
our lord according to the act of assembly in that case made and provided By and during all which
term and time the said Polly the said Mark Newland shall well and faithfully serve in all such
lawfull business as she the said Polly shall be put unto by her said master or mistress according
to the best of the power wit and ability of her the said Polly and honestly and obediently in all
things shall behave herself towards her said master and mistress and honestly and orderly
towards the family of him the said Mark Newland- And the said Mark Newland on his part doth
covenant and agree for himself his executors every of them, there and every of their executors
and administrators and their and every of their successors for the time being and to and with the
said Polly that he will cause her the said Polly to be instructed in the art of nitting sewing and
spinning and sutch other branches of housekeeping as shall be in his power with convenience to
be done And will also find and allow unto the said Polly sufficient meat drink apparel washing
lodging and all things necessary for an apprentice during the term aforesaid and at the expiration
of said term pay unto the said apprentice the sum of fifteen dollars. In witness whereof the said
parties have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year first above written

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                <text>Indenture of Apprenticeship, Polly to Mark Newland </text>
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                    <text>This indenture maid this the tenth day of July one thousand eight hundred and nine between
Joseph Williams overseer of the poor for the south district In the county of Rockingham of the
one part and Adam Rader of the other part witnesseth that the said overseer of the poor in
pursuant of an order of the court of the said county bearing date at June court eighteen hundred
and nine do put place and bind Presley a negro boy a son of Molly free woman of said county a
poor boy being four years of age the first of April last past as an apprentice unto the said Rader
to dwell with and serve him until he shall arrive to the age of twenty one years
In consideration whereof the said Rader doth bind himself to the said Williams or his successor
overseer of the poor to teach or instruct or cause to be taught the said Presley the art and mistery
of a weavers traid within the term above mentioned And to furnish the said apprentice with close
meat drink and lodging fit and convenient for said an apprentice and at the end of his
apprenticeship shall give unto the said apprentice fifteen dollars In witness where of each of us
hath hereunto set our hand and seal the day and year above written

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                <text>African American, Weaver</text>
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