26 20 4487 https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_005_108-commonwealth-v-ad-bertram-and-thomas-p-yager.pdf 55353b0201a234b35b72447c8ee44cf7 PDF Text Text .. . . . T • �f • �.· ' . COMMONWEALTH ROCKINGHAM These OF VIRGINIA, } TO-WI'r: COUNTY, are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to appeac befo<e me, o, some othe, Justice of the sa;d County, the t~;~,~~~::;i,:~!e~d~i~e~:;~~~ to appear and give evidence to command to summon said.j.,(i),~t;,,~ Cv!r'J~~cr,::qo~:~?e~to m behalf of the Commonwealth, Given unde, my hand aod seal this.... on the examination 2..ll t\v......... day of . ~ 9tMitUJ~~ NEWS-REGISTER PRINT HARRISONBURG VA you forthwith touching . su~moa the said offence. .............in the yea, ,906. ...}.p [SEAL.] ��.· r • COMMONWEALTH ROCKINGHAM OF VIRGINIA, } • TO-WIT: COUNTY, • To the Sheriff or any Constable o.f said County : ....of the said county, has this day made ... ... .......a Justice ' These are therefore, of the said county, ' in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to command to appeac before me, oc some othe< Justice of the said Conn ty, the said you forthwith and give evidence NEWS-REGISTER PRINT HARRISONBURG VA .su~1: in behalf of the Commonwealth, Given nnde, my hand and seal this .... to summon .C,. ~Bi.J:"<MM,/ (,,,\~ ~ ~I) :::~~w°:t;~i:-~:::··~e·;a!;;:~t~~···~~i~g~·la1:·~tac~eto to appear that 2,_'{\\,;" ....... ~ay on the examination of ~ ~mfilll~~~ .. touching the said offence. .................... m the yeac ,906 (, �______, ,, 'i . \ly tt'~ =1 ~ at~ - ~ -3 ~ cfl. c3 l1 ~ \ ~ .. "~ -1 ~ ~\ ~ �.., T • .. .' OFFICE OF THE CLERK §upn'ntt <.!!oud .nf .i\w.ea.15 :0f lltirgium, Ai..EXANDER W. MAY, CLERK. :§ taunt.on:-,1!r a:. November This to is trrun, the Supreme Court error and supersede as inr,ham county, ct.tior. by demeanor, ficient ir. the law to security, on thA petition on the day aLainst cl?rk said s~all 1 s office of One Hund.red Dollars di rec ts. Teste: To the clerk of the court of Rockingham circllit Co. Va. has of June, enter 1907, ir.to of the ($100.UO), 190?. A. D. B r- a writ awarded A. D. Bertram, said in a prose- :'or a. mis- Circuit condition!'!d st.f- Court, as the ~ =~/ ~. of of Rock- bonL.., with a6;v,~ay l _,- -;k_g.:l of thA Ci.rcui t Court of 10th petitionec in the of Virginia a juJ.gment Commonweal th the that of Appi=ials nmdered provid<>ci thP. pena.lty certify 21, �• ' r .. .... ... . �J:,3_ () M ..C:~.«<t~t21J cf~A To 1906( ...........T O •••.. c.o t/ 6: .2 ~ ~ ..wf/ ........................................ . SHERIFF OF ROCKIN k~~····· AM COUNTY, Dr. ....... ..... Executed ..on Mfj/~7·············· ·············· Received Payment. $.(,) .................. . .... J._A. _SWITZER,_Sheriff _Rockingham_County. ___ ��Received Payment. ,l..,.../} $J./.........~ ......... ....J..A .. SWITZER,.Sheriff .Rockingham. 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December, The Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia at Richmond certifies the following order in words and figures following, viz: VIRGINIA: In the Supreme Court of Appeals, held on Thursday, in the City of Richmond, ber, 1908. A. D. Bertram at the Libro.ry Building the 19th day of Novem- in Srror - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Plaintiff ~ainst The Con,monweal th of Virginia. - - - - - - in ~rror Defendant Upon a. writ of error and supers"lu."'as to a jud,.ment renby the Circuit Coi....rt of Rockin 0 ham county on the 10th day of June, 1907. dered 'J_'his caus13, sion at Staunton, place of' session; court havin,; judgment having th is maturely aforesaid s1.,n.ted in writing tr:P said ~udgment. and that the dollars which is pending in been fully heaz·d day c ar.1e !-~ere the consider~d the and argt.ruents and f'il7.1d with defendant damae:;E>s, ond It is therefore in error also this her court out not parties is the that costs by of h ,r that and r~co1-d t e plaintiff eJ\.'J)ended about said the of the for tl en:~ is the of ses- at of opinion, of couns~l, r~cover place determined of tr-e considered its by col.ms el, transcript record, at r~asons no error sarn9 be in error her in affirmed, thirty def.::•nce herein. to be entered in the ord.,~r book here and forthWhich is ordered certified «£rli:£::ieli;xtog~ther with a certifiea. copy of the opinion in this cause, to the clerk of this court at Staunton, who will ~nter this order in the ord"lr book thP.re and certify it to the said Circuit Court. A Copy, Teste: H.Stewart Jones, C.C. Defendant in Error's 0 costs at Richmond, $1. 77 0 A Copy, T~ste: with Defendant in Error's costs in the Supr9rne Coi.;.rt of App<Sals: Attorney's fee - - - - - -$20.00 Costs at Richmond - 1.77 Total ----$:21.'7'1 Teste: d a/4,-..,,(4<,U(;r �. ' . ..' .. ' . .. . �.. • T vs J f.p~ ~~ ~ IP~ _ _ ~, ~--- " ,___ __ 11,fv.,6 · ��T • Vs). C-P EX ~"~?TIOH BILL co:,1:. ..onvrn1.lth, of the trodi1ced in a~ relFttee i1.:poser.L Ui,or, ,ii. no :pell'llty with -'-.he ,:,ecor.cl bill 9.s t 0·1_:;"lf'1J.lly the , xc· F·ion declinen his ,,hereof' J·-r .e, lJO exc,..,: tre bottle t.101 .is r' s11id r:1otion pharmacist, The ~aid 'ln,-l is bill in- on th~ g:i:-0·1nds that t.he Act. s, the the here to be ..1nrl the t,1h,rd testir1onr d.t:!•;l'.', of cl ta}::.en of ex,::3_.,tiorn=:, and. fa::.~ ms Lart .. the of' e'{cei.1tio oi:' t 1:orLter.ts of acid, 1):r o t int to F.rhioh q~t.ion f'i:rs t bil:.. 1,arie · Part of ··Iritten to ~r~nt so of::'e:rer:., of al:i.. of a re,..,.iste. no I. co 1Y.'t i,o excl11fe +,1t~ evirtP-i1<:" 'hein3: cqrbolic iR is to ,ro. ';j o:P. +,he co trt in 0VtLrulli1.r; R';tlc,. i..otion , may be ~i_:),'"'c', r-rn-ler~ qnci em ollt~d rc;e:.o:C'ri., "! _ic:11 iR aci:c.rr•r1.1nr,;l;r rio1 e, this~ nnd ~a:r • '• �' . �' . Co 1.cn,·; A. ·1 l th D. Bertr1.rn. BE IT HEI liLB ~•L,D t!1'{ t npon Virgini;:i., -- a trial jn:r:•y havin3 by thd ~J~i~in1 Coi.1.nty, +,he the testir.,o offe!'ed Coi of a Justice -fol_o-r.;ing of th9 after 8.rQ.L"Ile1.ts (Here copy r-;-~ic, r'i.t:f'ep_r~~nt, the -follo,,;-in.3 ~111 of' tht) the thi. C3.Be before the sa11:e 11aving of th0 Peace part on it, issue of said 0 1 ·.,., ~- cr1 ffitneq~es: 1)eini:; To r,hich the ~ testinorw This on bot"h sid0s, t of b•~•,n ':·.iV8<i. ,·r.onweal th to ri--1intain y of the th8 tri3.l ::i tnes~es: testimony . o:f co:u1-wl, jur\~;r .ent the action of by 0our1<rnl, Jourt oojected :to t .e court J))L1i t. terl. the co11]~t of the tl.)on co 1rt. ) 1 in ente:?. in.:; sair: 0 upon ta:dn~ t·.P i:·ound j .v·:.;uent tha the �> ..' �r • same --...as errone01 anrl pr1:red. i=;e3.lwl t.1 r-i_r,r_ ·t t s bec-::1:1,P- ~;ontr-!lr.T +,o tri, tr 1 L enrollt,d hiR lri.w ann the 1:vj_r~e1Le, anr:i. tri.e ce::r:ti fie?.. te o~· t 11e dVirlJmce st:3r;or.r: bilJ. of' e"c ~_J+lonsA L,r y be signvi, anrl I.'.'.a,..~e a p::irt of' the :!'ecord, ·:.hich is f;. if3 ue;c;o:rdi1c;l_r rlone thi.-~·dqy of J1ne, 1907. seal. ) �.· T • �f • In tho Co, .r on ➔ al Circni t Jourt f "ockinc;lH . Count .• t;h Vr,). ,., '' .. V j . • GJo. ,i. Con,•r..3, :nq., Jttff' ,, :u.1.' the Co;·. ,omr ,al th; "tnrl 1~a )1 • :. • ...., • C:ui[;c, 1, Attorney .,..0• AsrJoci· tion. AP S. c....;: I b 1 Yr;',, ,, .., ·, r;i ,".'\ ~ Vi ·.;Lii Hn:r:.r-ic, Att,orn~~'fl i .,.(J' rta.:i.acJ,ttie,,41 nl 1.1t, :cs ..?:J.. ....ipt:, D}:'°1,nlir.t. m101~n, on exw ina t:L(,n fo1: tlw '1' • ~, C.•1 o,,_.. ., nt yir~)rwnt Co l~:~·t;, ir1 ,h lfj con 1ty? Y,; , , , :sq.' H. ' •• BC7.'tJ"'clJ 1.' B. STRICJ:L. :R, bt3ine; duly A Q A .lJ t, fli ·-•, I :lo a st1.· t,nt nt th.; Bri cc :;,t ,r �r • .' i ,. �' . ( S.B.Strickler.) --8-- Q Have you the paclage A and labeled Car. with you? ( .i.'odncin[: ..,ot tle. Yee~, ni!'. Aci 11 or bottle , poison. ) 11 I bonl,ilt the cleJ'k, Q you Rf't Lm:is This !)1 cltRr{t1n. inG carbolic r an. ~rnn re 1·,h0 border tlle c~bolic < r,oison, ho put cir ·1,w on l y put ? YAfJ, oir. A store r:hic -r it. and. label., ono lnbel ,r ;on A indicat ..,tultz, thrtt acid, The clevk took the i:_ • Bertram think put Arn:i:e1· obi .,ctrv TH1~COi-n'I': no you ~ean nir~ t,ak ,n <lmm :f:Pom the bottle to it tlw. t label on? tllf.) bnc · p1u•t of on ll . oolf; I ni1 ttw n t mu•e. t;o cy nef<m-lant • n Coum-1,1. tho lab that slwlf, 01· wlir:m th, \!as la nled 1 rn.:i on ·,m1~nthi:; 1-ott,le bot tl -5.,liVt) Han •·~ 1 to you? A Tu ., bot, tl~ TH'J CO 'TIT: A Q It Did you seo 1ro, :1i::i', rn.R it A It son it J>Ut on thf} bottle. cai::e into :rour r> Gseqsi n? nir. on t.r1v ottle uilfln it u11.q ta1~en don f'rv, tne .... r o.lf? f-:ro.~ tlte nhc:lf? ·To, nir. \:w~ put A Yes, Q I 1·,1 not w s d 11 i ver.v·· to 1:-.e. p t on tho ,. ottlo? tti,., lnbol on 1;he bot tJ.e when it A Yes, ?.9 vmon it ··!ho too on tlw bottle after it ~ras taken ni::.-. it "f:.•o,· tt10 Al1elf, L~. Bertran o • the cle:r~l~? �.: I t, . \ ' �-- ------- ' . c~.u.:trickler.) w ,1 --~-- ta t•• n fi'o . A snt,lf iJtf~ I · Wt s the not, 0 until it ·,:rm 'elivc: ..,.l to _rou? TlOH. bot tl s xpnlie by you, 0- 1t WH.8 SU )!)lip, l at tho nto • .,? before it. ·,; Q ,.,r?.'J ,::ixnibite c the to ~bolic C ~ro\? put ~Jid t into J bottl0 \itt.Jl',, <t the ti no .rou bou<.:,nt it? It A in t. e bottle \;as put at t.u, t 1 ..• e I on-ttt it, I a . nro. I nay it ;hethor Q f'"o,· t in it, stf:l te hod Just 11.; r:11 ,lf rn l < Q Q T! r .,, contai })J"en .ine ,nt to .rou. •,:l 1,1 carbolic i ~ cm?bo.J.ic acid. Yw·, A sir; I )o .ron ..'er .or:b , r A Niclcel, bottle .r.it1r Sfl'I :1 , t I t11ink. it and hai h . r;ot the ~ron 1mi i 1t fil - ad? ei.!)t.Y acl·l t, }~en f •o, 1 the Tlle el err· r;ot, rm ,!"rpty tot t,le an l zu ·t it, filll, He ,..,ot, t;.n A t 1e :ft ,r o:i.• .ran a hot tlc A not .. pm. "A'l or 1)0 ,tlo. l :o:... �, . . ' JI I• ., �T • You ntnt./ t.1R '! P, u:r th· r; pn:.•c,Lttfh, ncicl? ~inir to buy tt. b~ Or.,:~ ! • +,, objr·cticn du: ..ll'l .r Von liav . Ob r:;i,, , , lnu \j ll1~·-::F •y to ) l lie !) ). icy; .,1~~tri.in.,tl rm. J.'C ➔')t,ic-n ::-wt,)' . .('o~ 1. .JJt .. t,o · t.h, t :ruu ~ laced o. thL · · ot tl , t tl, · Actw, tr. ,lf ·j t•,~ ,.lCPJant; ':n ·1t,~.::..-l (l, .. nrl ,.; tion notf,'l. .("or tho '~vf :n 1.cl~1t. 0 1:.·cf'f)_)- �I ¥, I • T .... • �, I • -r -- -- ----- • . ' ( s . B • st r i ci 1 nr • ) XQ o..1!)lo:red --6-- Strir, {r. bY' t ·1 )_, ir; 1 t not a fact Boarn. o-r 10 hrL. part n o:f tlli s Con. ,om:Aa.l th o:f' _ har1..ac •.nd ns inc; di l . on visit 1).,~u 11untly i?rfor112\tion of the:rn 1n·rcl!· .nu c .:ebolic a-;id in ocJ':Ln._:11 ..~. cour,ty 011 on• t kn , -; • I XQ Did you not ko .,p a ::?ccor A Onl~' XQ How r.amr 1)1.ll' 0 1 1'l SP-S ria, t fl. t; niBr-ion? A the btain you ? XQ Ho:r :-mny :1tm·os tl1is ,acy to tnat o:f thin GnLe bm.;ine'rn, thos.., tli. t;h Vl ,r0, t I of the purG n:,•eA _.re of t1 OB-. 'J!' A I A An0n~ta, t 1; • stores .r.,.,I. at • · ;h; C,l :rou .. .... le ( o: r · o: P w.~. .acy? H'S. ...,h.,mm· nh, Loudoun, Hou 1mm' A ,.,1 O' 0 visited? character? 11ni F::..i1!:fnx. X, sto:_ es yo.t :on I t rt1: ,ct-:1bnr , , t ...11. i•ince ...L11·w ..., Alexar- �r • �---- ------------------------- - L f • ( S.B.Ctrickl ,r.) --0-- XQ Boar,1 cf on ha-ri r~cy 1r:· th r , ch convict; XQ \'110 contr J;t co. ponmlt ion for t,1is serv lee? i.on? :!?i-!}):•!0H .ntA t tnin Bo:l!'(~ {J'f Ph in fl' •. ucy 1... 1} ll 1g thln ',:i ·11 :rou? Obj ,ct:Lcn; XQ ~r::,u-tC! your '< ar3 A tlliB I saVu•;r, nod; sucta expenses )XCt:pt em i n :-OJ? d.f;f'=mrl co._!.ission nt. :pai i to ;'OU? on I t J-:.now th 1ti ,i:1 n2.l. XQ lb.Ve, :roa 2•,1cr, Lvod nn: tn.L11.~o. the rosnl t of pt=m'lL g !L'ocet)c~inl.,s; that .r: ,1mt u. i~i a fact, cvl v.iutions? io it not? �'t. •I �' . ( s.B ....trickl .,r.) --7-- A Yer,, sir. gs that XQ Has he o"f Pllr BCPJ."c XQ to the thiu trh Yes, cnrbolie ar:i'~ v!l1.icl1 ,, u po•3i t;ion in connection :i th the bottle nft uau -,1, tate n r ir si , •• yon f'irr.t ou s1-1i. t at bottle A aftd,, Put ced in Vii t.h n rod bor .0..:- ·:1nr, a ttaohud label tl.0 ,. it 1 ,n content : ~-o yon Jc.no:, ·rht.,n 7ar. rmt on th0 l)ot tle? on it A In the A , 0) si1•. R,tY that XQ You Ree thin !'OH p re}: ce ·.,l r , 1':n.r· i,; A tlle in n box he:1•,3 at : .:•. /,vis• s. it, any 0:1:f'icial ottie-r• lr.tbAl X o '."Ii t '.'OH :Mac.r? A XQ :ept J A XQ -;rJrn.t ·.i ,' 011, ~rou pnrchaned t,~10 pnt r0aJ. on? YOH ~itf)::.'C I . ,1 it. t>m?t of' ; '1•. B.,rtrn:1 4 No, si:i•. XQ Di,l you seo '1f3.f _ purcnas \laS c:: nto:!'e. not? about ·,~ Bertran '- 1 put the centre that of t.Hc 1:.:-bel on that ntoi e. bottl ? �" �' . (S.B.~tricl:l, •.) A () :.r. liqui,1 --8-- I lmo. Stric poured xr le~, into Ir.UC! iir A Five :'Ull n •t sai --- hav 1,hf-n.>e. thr1t ~·01t •ri. • t. ~r01 ii<":. n<,t i,ec t~ 1 <iirl. ,.,, bu:,, ,..... vtri~}'l in t,h·1.t bot tl1;? ,1', lOl't.tl. bol;tlo? i [, t,]W 1•0 .. e .1:,cr ;h 1t wr ;:i th t.lrn contontu it :9onred \UlB f'l.tll Ye:=-:, ,.Jir, 1 :rmt in I in it fW sir? Yot' nt.atr, i not. o ,11:t bot t.l an ori , inal ~ ~ ,.c}:r...::;e · t? XQ Hon · 1) yo contents ~ c;a:!.'i i;h•,t? no yon kn : o:r !'Oi.tr cdJ..'tain l::rw..10 iJ'C tlwt. A X· YOH c~)nt,r3 : 1h0n :on bou.;t t the I bAliOYt~ : o:l wan not labele 1 l' t)i J-.o-:; n ,( r xr ottle Yes, I you have th·1t, A A wn'3 rr11, on bac}. it SR; .But, at- how cc1n ~,on w: :'Oll t.int T kno.: it. Lnow it, !10',7, and ;ou that tne cle •}: 1.L· not that Ur· not t, H t",' uw .,,"!)tY' r,.n: bo(ly une th, f-Jfle it bottle y 1. ,u: not :me labelec.? bottle. t p,it 1i-; on · :hich lab1~l o th,1~e, tl at l bel ·,-:a8 put? . -i t..,• XQ But :,on plain +,o t,w r;on •t: yo,1 ll ve r;: t l t~1,·t ym.i n ; .L1,, <Jlr? L n Jt see t.·1.-., li<1:. ld �r • �r • --9-- poured i.. t the bottle, bottle, 10 no 1, 3.nd +,11:~ t _.JU I i:ant I rlon• t kl A .XQ Di' =:..1 . vOlD.?'. to tul: yo.. i} otll .. :·on (J\! ~ , 1 c..., ,1' not i i· 11:." C t,h, '1H1t is A Q Yt;n, yo 4~ ~ Yoi·, 1!i t. or ;~ot. ,,? .,. .) COT i11. t ('1 ·1cn? :31~.?. Anc. un-11 .ntnth tnLs poison? but-tli3 1:1 u Ri 1~ • r1ri t t .,n Q acid t~ ],n<n, on ~;c? ~. .And dH .. ~'Ol put He.,, .,ir. A A 1,1 nL l,1bcl ucn.J_·t 1w·; t.,:10 it .,no it () iG th 1~0 nc t t, lt) I •...::n.n, .:htc, l·bel, ,1) "!) ir; 1t .. "''Lo: c ,rt 1ic ' T: e 1itn ,f;f, .:fl~' t,Ll-: ,o ,;t .. ,d n, :l. .o. not b.,inc; a Ifn ~. GUIGO f: H, n°Io: Can not ti1nt It iA ae •eed; :ftlG~ uO but in an :!f;I'C:C "'..? I ·.n .1t it to '} anate f-.!.'o. you �r • ' I �r, r • ( Jas. L. Avis.) as proof, ho :o i 1 --10-- and not tir:e -ro:" t,lw s, JAHr.:;:;L. A1 ar; follo cot , as a cone .,r;c;ion -:-_•o. ns. next to ·m of court. ·,;ill !)Ut being duly tJ\rui•n, on exarimttlon ti.rnti:"if,d rn: a drur;c,-ist .Q Yon are an a rt?giatcr"1d plHl naciBt 0 1 trrn Yen, 8i • Q Hon lone A Q llave yon b ,en ensaG ·!c. in bnnin All J a !)lHlr1..nc1 rJt? MY lif'e. wvs b<rnn in the pluu~,_acy bu;--.;inoss Y..on on I t 11ean t,11, t yon A s !"{ a Oh, no, bl t nince I 01,1 \lfW 8Il0ll[;h -- ubont fo::.•ty years. Q I uis!l havA exnr ined that A .rou t1oul its ..xrn .ine co. tcLts it I ar: prcf;i this vial and u110tlll'n' it (.,-ado o:r c~bolic rmt o·,.. i,•tc bOf"Cc:. ancl state contairnj acid ··:h "t. oarbolic E: • .rou acid �r • �( Jan. L. Avie.;.) G-11-- in tm:rJ, ; ti:-, connty, in a 3~ist ,_ -:r pha .1-.acir,t, o,.. not? ~ He i..: not. A Q Carbo1ic Q Is aci'l n !)ror>rietn.r i"' not _, M.e icino, Jf pt .in Avis, in it? it, n dor-,estic I A tlie r,,1. poi..,ons e special lab ,1 thnt man~r st to 1.t8H carbolic his . nn 11· ob;: octe,1 nut, .. ntat n do, And iB not A 0, i:1 dir13ct 1 t(1 to, 3,. b , rmt on a .1 cleac__y acid. becm "'l'i iro, ..;iv' o: f)Vi'l, 1, tis ~•Jt i,:: •er.e nc a "'tat )a ,1mt of lm1 o:r fret. ? I uoul 1 w , s sir, ,01 f]O\ not, ·rn ~ 1 ntry ncic ; tltuY only prohi..bi · llm1 it, r..:onsi e ! t ,1~, to ,lt0 it. I nu.o~or, : J: anmi~,.! st ?ict1:, sal . of cnrbol i an' c aci ,o bP- :101,1 who , 1,hc rm:rclw.:;er ,rants. Q and Y, ; , sir. J ho v.,,ucino? o.,"stic t0 be ymt on cnrbolir, inrr ffJ w -- in clan·~o l in r>h:1.rn.ac:r la.1 a c; a df-:mU_r poiaon, iG r,,quij?e<l Q rer,ody Yon a:r '3 not D ',Jpa1· , t,o sny nrnt floln t,ion o-r so-cal_ed ��r • ( Jan. L. vis.) --1?,-- CDrbolic ii:; contA. oid carbolic t·iir.: i ial, 01' TtHlt puro Of JOH[i in in it? aci A ,;..)ral Ln ►./l Ho, uir: of· carbolic a v ,-ry e;oo<. e ut Its acin.. , de. 7his ta}ze 1 t to bP, n ve"''!r not rmulcl in, ·ic.: tP ':trn.t, 11, i', odor would ·:11at in knoun as corn:.c,..cln is e 'l')l. not f nfl belie acid. . or vn1at no~t XQ A /hat it it is, I believ3 any thing put nd a solution l in a Tru: t qnali ty X fo_ use ;md cf use Y101m f'o o estic ~ That e;rn.rlu -- is1n~ectant exc~~t hro n is l'Ullly , n or inm~!r c, bolic i n o-r 1 t an u solut tion ··ell, of uRo? s. pnrpoA ncicl, It 1hnt o: nci{_; it belie R _ of carbolic p1~posoa aci in the in \l LLt :ror o to ma o 1r; · 1hy 1•1-:ir:trict i. ,ns ~re n i .~1-,•y t i ifl not it, ir. it if ~0111 rot on woun s. ,fl. ;wj.d, 1 net t,1ie,1t in1l U"I) .a- nr,n or b , nt. noflio;11t,'~- c- _ 1-·ntL• ,ly or}, y of' a cii~i11f .,ct .nt, is ruu· ve,•y .any tnes, t,11·) l)H 1..:.c, I i , 1, not? , b cauoc X . ), et:i , .r; urHHl --It public t10 ( In aci I an not posinP.'.) it ns inc; you if bolic in it ··~11, O hicll abont. ti1ll~ins if'.3 noij a f1'lct tlH1.t t ere is known as c r.Jr.,rc1nl C" 1H snc;1 R r,r·n. .. holic nr.i for -!' c: d." niJ - :foctants? A T 13r., is . u.ch a er a tno·.,n, it an( L, J:ei.:;ar 01 r.s n vc_ y cl·me .,_ons e;:i..·adoo:f acid. X gra·c X cial" Avis, A Tht t is oT carbolic Is because it dirl it ho fr. ..us an o con, to b0 chll inar!' _,, cm .ercial nar.:e giv .n t aci(? a c eape_ acid. not a f'act, it i. p.ovalent ~- Avis, that inc~ ~erce: it is c,11ec thnt it ucoj ,cr- ·~ ~o ht .n �: .:. �r • (J ,es L •. Avis.) sol1 ir --13-- thJ sto~os? it ing an co1 ·,0 ?cic.l 11 e~ rn•nrlo; _ f' I obonic lly 'be te,. ion. on nv~ ii, If I\;·,· I :0111 ' .enninr; tho to designate t a0id of CO!ui0rrdn.l? n ord.,•- Ln :L.+,icle :r that oan !)U.rf} c·1:~bolic I ask ?on, 00 .e- ci1,.l 11 llGO' 11 0 COL,~ A cinl. II that a cheap- th at I ua to-l J Ylo :i ' '0ni--;nr tc as it, -pure. XQ An CO!. nlr. 1:0, A Is not hon ( i't i,. that e;radP- yon ffr>eak of crn .e to vwrc not it fo tho fact thnt lt i' in .,:!.•ciaJ.l. ? Tl1eJ~, , r1:) s1nrfL'Ul [5'!..'n t wt r:re b9 te::? .. ed es co . <L- 11 11 xn c~ lle But are 0 oi 11 ... th ,y not use, I don't un J3J•:~tmvl it, lie )t Uf:3 .,' - the by th\, ,:1?Atn.ndin..., 1.h~t iu not 1:y nn !)Ublic; vaJ.>ioti,r· it ifJ onn ,r !1 T r:: an by lh·1t t;l1nt it 8.:!. · ;, l'. t,1u1t Tllfl is, so an, v~rd .s? eJ!c i..nl" A in co:"h:on cor:rm·!cial 00· ,h8 ii0J d 11 1 "'l' 1.J1r1t 1·,.1. 0 1a b:, tho<J, •.;\() ., .,J :fa."1i:.i~ ~ ·.:i th HA, o:f i..t. Of Cfll.'bolic acid XQ co, carbolic }~n ·1m a11 1Co i.r .e •cial" -:8 t:iat bolic Is not th., ce of t is th, y arn O 1 :o_.?8 t,:•. ad.,, its~lf acid in-ticn.ttvo o-: ,1n o • t. 10r:c .._,...1ad.ca,.n_ , is o. ~ 10 ly 1rnc< in i , not, th , pt re cot ,Me ~co t;lrnn cnr- nci? h uso, in C":Oi; nun th0 '.,orcl ine; tltat .:.t 11 A co1r,..:(,rci, 1 11 }:noun jme ,: ·ally .o not, ,mnt, t,o b, 1 A.B co1 ii-_ ,J?c1 nn' t-:rr:t.oo al , ci • .n T as nay- ��.., • r .. .' (Jas.L.Avid.) --14-I nn not XQ fact, is it not A i ls 1, ca_ bolic gene ally in trade, ,:•fi: l ·t And it but ·rnd if, a. n us ,d in t,1 n trade I ( ·:i.tt,:·» of trade? r, ,nerally te.?11 knmm, to otn.., 1• applios • t. o :<o· s besides acid. XQ B1 t do . ou kno bot ght a a clleape:;: grade. t, deDiuna t in co1 J1oi·c 80ld llell, :t m: 1 t in ,a, ,ot that _ron how it ankinr; e ,rnl:ir nn<l r.:old in the · rticularly, count/ rno1~chants, '3tores of' th.in an carbolic I r: ,m1, sol :rears ult , tl: )r f'or "l l\ri r, bi=rnn co · Co .om, ,al th, ncid, onl!' anc. in this grF-..cc o • it, thllt by t, w to fai·. ,f:i-•s ..-or co .. t3stic 1..c •cri ..nts th ✓ by it l)llr1)0f:8S? A Cffi'bolic ''ell, acid; bn1, ~ sell I hav) t -<"or -- l nmm tc c' llrn.t ro, 1:h}/ it s0l I ,10 not; l~now any thine , .e,•chr.ntn s 111 :'O about pur:pos ...,r, would you noll XQ For ;mat -that ht,arrny t u ...t. ·,hat grn. c o.,. c,' bolic acid? fo ~ .✓ ly t) A thi gsoi' XQ tlrnt kind. ThPt is a A about acid Iot a co '.j; th.✓ y havin£; used ,• ~ . 1~v1 XO• l _.. to J)rinkle n:-.o ~le arm.me ,on use, but . f' i_ .. c;nlle . _., a !)er son aroun,1 and iu usctl bY it f ho~sos? coi ~nercialcnrbolic s, llrmhous ,n, copq_i')Ools, co ... on trn•~ -:'o_• · t, • n t.1, 001.mtr r? Vi'::.?Y hen r10usen. XQ Do 'i"'O' sprin acid? rn1i_ l hon houn ,s d 01• sen d t o yo ess-pools an a isin:ft,ctant �' . T • I • • • I I .. •' r. �' . (Ja --15-- .L.AV1'3.) rrnulri ~ron s .,TV'l. t,}v.,m t,h t gr'.l.ri"} of A Wel 1, 8.-md th~m th·,t, I miiht om•~ ot11 ,:r e:r:-ad.13. I havH acid XQ B11.t XQ Anrl woulri t,h lt 1~ d•J 3 ie;n ,d t,o A XQ I Thf-lt l)f?r'lon/3 who 'buy 1 t, A lik., th ➔ s~n,t th"3L I mic;ht • cid C'.l!"i'.>Oli<! n9 1 TI)!' -ror 1/hir!h !]tl!'!)098 it t0 0•13:}1t b, 11f31.,ri it 11hi0h 3)11."t'!)OAe to th·1t th·:i t er d➔ ? ~lr!JO<, ()'£' fO!'. i~ ei:m•.,J:"llly !)Ut 1)/ 1 t not? i 'l'ha t rro11l 1l m1Jte rn., In th,, t,o rrnl<e. or 11~•~ri.? 1J., th~ of lJ., th, 1'1 ·vh·lt is ~•JV .,r'11 ernnf3 +.h·-1t ~rg,rl 'lfO llri. a11i<i.? c·1.riJolL, av,)r9.ge :9urcl:aser r;ii k ➔ t placn, f'i):i. f3ta t.,-nn,!'lt tJrn.t I .10111<1not R 1 +, 1~ ra th,Jr of' n rbol to aid wonl(i noulJtfnl Jeno c • wh~th v th1nG .,T ahont ' it. XQ Bat Pharmacy, carbol an i.c · cid h~ i<J o,;n<i.ing :1ns 1 }r that A 1-r he r;r-'113, s g_ aro ind hi<J h..,!l :9:1".'O:f'3<=i ion }lOURe O!"' C -- I . 0111d Y .,9, 91!', rn:i.rir1 known hi~1 conc1~nt:cat ➔ d ~id oith~:t"' s .,n1 him P,tr!)()9f3 ·1 t -- f'ol'.:'mof' :9oison, - om., '3irni1 t~ l l, I ,ton' 1:, -no 1v t 1J. t XQ You w1y now, Hr. Avt , that it. 11!:l~ of' · citi.. p11r~ c rbolirJ I 0onld '3 ·t r th•J rlif' .. .,_,m.,,~ b1,t.i ,,1n !,lU!'~ carbolic th} O!' ,1,3 known thJ 1 ~o.n•! l·m[1;th anrl the t,h'.lt Whi0h cid or is t,h•✓ an ilP.!' th:1 t qu.e tion xsotlY. 1t t,o t ~!"10.e gr'irii:3? A know th so11 O!~ th of :i:-rt. f'or 98-!)00l, 1rou Q1.mrl.him 11ould Bo· ~.l!'!)Of-3.,? comr!-3rci·1l C4!'bolic comm~r0ial in you,.. rli~in:f•JCt:l.nt, You h!iV., ,t.,sJri1Bti _Q morrJ inkl ➔ '39 be 'tl"3erl ~•m rally to th•1 3)1"'3siti.~nt o:f th~ rlr'!1ct~1'3t aJ•il Vvt .,X!)f}rt to to yon -- dri1c;3iCJt you no not _ .tr~ o rbol ic , cirl. is a m0r~ concP-ntra ted. anrt d➔ rUy t,h �·' �r • ... --lG-- carbo li.0 A I A I h~v'n't '3 l.J -+:.h•i 't o:i:-rlin-rri ly Bli~ ti.1 ~ !)ll!'IJ th~t at all. c :fi.d.. who rio not. rto bnsi.ntJ A ' C irl.. THE COU~T: You '3 rli:r,,r,t i th rlr11eci8ts. C rbo 1 i.c U0 id wn,1 lrl �r -- j • f I .' ' • > ' .. ., . _. l ' .' '. ) �(JaiJ.L.Avis. ) --17-- to co! t·1in no thin::; but o :r·bolic c d, hil, m·1ny or +,h., che :!,n v,rill I ch· nge +11t~ A ord II Th· t iIJ1J!'e<->n9. twl 11)11lrt I II d!)tJWi t,o rlilut 11 U)Oll ,r'. 11 ,h t it \ 9 riilut~<l r1 th. It .. () AV aA c,rbolic ~oisonous aoin? g,.. ✓ +, rn , .' !lo· de (ly l)rr:.son, XQ •• Q l)itt H0 Ill1lCh A 'l'hat i :1 woulrl (}0!J9 .,!':.U'J {(.) .l 1, H ,; rra1.,1Y1r.;O_!/!)•n•, 1)1, '3 n a in on~? Io !)Oi :ion. olu":.ion l'i:-_;ht, h O 1l l i +, tnk, 1 to bt) :t:'at, l? a. +,o t ,ll. in 13olution in u d0S . o tlrl b, -f:' tal? 11.i'f'ici .,nt �• . (' I �r • ... (Jas.L.Avis.) fat i.l lrl no 7 OU f~ of' thf, o_ t :for A no, I o t.ld �, I r .J ' J ff . .. r \ , C .. .. I . , I ' r • .' l ,Y .) �--19-- R. HA,{ U : to exclnrL th ·111 or t of' M:~. Avis o rbolie t th, 'l'J .1. ,t of ,h-, o1"3ts? J bmit i-; you:i-.' Honor J13 ,.,, of invine it t·q iR, bJ:m t, OBJ q11ovnb~, 7hO i _ot t,}11} r gi'3- to St,rickl•n'? Our rnot,ion ot i.on 111 'I-) ·f' ·.o tllt-} nont,1-,l'l !'3 of:' t,h•-3 )()t,t,11-3 b.,ine mot10 il motion, th•, r1,.i8,....ibl11, Y0ur } H. H. _.{_I:.:;: Phar, ir <my of' M:i:-. St,:i•.i_nl(l .,r · nd so !.n0h in- r :rn lI" ~ J~•~l:ltA~ THJ COIJ{T: tion ~ ai:, b,}:nz ·cirl, -:v1i<i or th, r rlo ,1 u:por, thu ~ :> not irl,,8 L, l!1 tl1• J t, · 11. thg, t -t)1., _Jr0hihi ti0n :tn �.. ' . T ' �f • --P.0-Y~). , 9ir; _ • c:,I :;.]: i~ bru tum :fulmf:}n 18 om:- _ o~ition. it TJ~STl .iONY ON BEHAL:!-,o:i; Dhli'J~=JJ. rT. 1J.t iB yo,ll' ()ccu ..x1tion? A I am H 1Vf-} you oo h v., you 0onliuct•J s1:.o , in Q disinf nt. oo,mty? Roe1<.ingh·u Q '.i ffit3l'Ch uct Al a bn1:1in 88 th a nmnbt3r of !'~ rs, for t 18 r th ,r 1 re0r th 1- :eg~ conntry 01· not, 1t001<.inehm.a co nty? can you s ctant, 11 t,h•-3 i y of . 9rinkline; of hr:!n hons .,1-1 knowl•~de;c. Q And JO ::3aY it :ls ~ ..,n..,r, 1 ly l~t3d, t,o th n h~ <:i , o·f' y0,1r ��--21-A ho11 .,s in ... Y., ,, ',:lr. t,rii n crnnty? A A • 0 , ':l +, hOlJP,, tion? vat lfJTI, bn t only r:'.r:or infe .. 1n·~., C. OS .._B::Al THD C01J3T: nu.?I(; . ff{ Diel I urni ~rqtanrl th. J') l (l!Jl(H)H. jQ �,. .. �--82-- A tion? �.' .' .r .., I . �hBJ'? ,,. ()r ~-. Y ..,s, I I II �f • .) • ,. .\ ,. . 'I • I .' , t. ' �--84-- A cid ,>v ,, yon.-r i1·. �.. ' ' ,. • I ~.., �( A • N • J.horltH, • ) 3.. f'ol 19 --25-- ·1 : Q A ) r ...... ,,. , v rbolio :11i l vt , A I or ro you h1v, obs,rv~d? )u t, 'l. t yo,n• J o~.i~? -- ��--26-Yon till f i.ct. You Q A Q 0 1' A :rr•t:1 -f !'!Il•J:i:, ~rt)11? ~tr. 1~0 1 Y"::,:-:' '=\~~ ..} [ h•1 l t•~V 1 ~·u l :11f·: I oi· ,. _J1 :1r:ks1 1+.:11.1~. 1,1icl. • I n ·:i ml. 1 1l0::l it, ill :t, t,, t1, '1Y 1 f} i , 0D n.r ....,. .fl·t't, · tri n<,rn A on ��('i'.C. Wl ton.) r,. E. .fol lo' H0LS"C0W, sw0rn o 0-<' <i_,.3f~n1rl~•1t, +,,~s+,i-rtvl 1)P,h9.lf ·-t.~ 13 :- Squir, Q n... 8 yon ol~t0n, ::i. f rrn•n· 0:r :{01'3kin;:,;h· m .,o,m+,y tr, you? Y ,. , •,t:,:-. A Q You ltv ➔ A Ytrn, nf:3-r D!i.yt0n, Bir. Do yo,1 k~ ,!J C! ri)O.li0 Q Q.f'}irl 011 yo 1.r !)!''7111, -~ nrl n<:id i+. 'i ikq t,h•lt, a ~rnwly? hou ~•}h0lrl. A Yn,.,, r1ir; rarely R:ir•~ ly A it. 'Ji tho,lt, nev,1· ·1Y th-ity011:-\r•3 Yo Q I h1l.iP, 1 r._~? it? .v11)101+, 1v1t rion t it. A sto k. 1l1en th ht3 . ny etook If' He t.,llB n XQ The vetl3rin ext it, XQ vhick1,n h011s .,s, oou11. not I o T}1 vfi The COU.T: ry mak ,CJ ,,,... ·my thi.n~ -- on•3 of' t,h,3 . i!' ~t +,hinGS thR. t, i ,'? to mak,, At<Mk sol1tion of' a solntion o-r 0arboli0 1;• 0in.. _.·hol irJ a1;irt. no _rou lly? ,I'D: You. h A coops? -- veter in ry conv3s to . J .r''·'tnt. p_;ly hurt eP,t~ V, 1lFH~<i. i a9 a rJillf3dY for ho~ rli t}>-l.':1,S rnl arJ()1lt .o.? t is O!M of' th,3 t, 'rling~ t,ha t, T,'(IJ l;/i.:fP. thinks W'? thou t. You :?.)llt it in 1hit v:1•3h to :'ifhitJV7 81 chi~k,}n ��l.) J::.C.i{OlAtO --28-A fol lo it Put in thH lii/'Ft~r +,o w· !"lh on yr)i +ht, ,_,'11.ick,ni:1. 19; Q 1)<) yo, 11\,, ~ ,~ · ,:i:1)0 lie (, i.<i tr ;_:,~,~l.~, ~9? v~•,. J Gir. - Q no yr; I J 1<!10'' .,r,,,.3 t,ht-;_r• it i <3 '1 cor l!' 0n !1011 •~h0ln_ !' ,lli•YiY in �..' ' ( .. . I �--29-mon honsi➔ holri r ,m,, Oin• ,mn.F:rq+,J.rvlinc; rt,• d at th., n.,xt +,erm aA or 1 •wirHncP, ri~l is that th>-3 1J11id•.,. ce ·ver•A on tric 1 t that tiu.,. !'3ti. lq+,ion, but .. rM eo1irt. TH"~ cou,t'r: (J..A I +,}lin t,ni'"' iR :J. I 9.tt, ,l' <1:f rni,:3'1~r::.,m1 yon c·1n m1 ed B pro 'uc .,ri or lly in co trt, nri th .,2~1} ·;11 l 1:>0 not,rJ.L:; fo-r• t , �' .J ,· �( --30-- rn0+,ion t,o !'~i..rnmt~J in ~tril<, rriti.rc;, 0·1t, -t)H •!' l- -1:i::i:c-:t, •~;1cr•, .!11 •;,1 W•! nx!),: 1 :t .!t' .t·•1:::J1y. ,·ill 'I :ro, t" mthuit ��In Co,, 0n th•-:1 <Ji.. , tit, . r, 011-r:-t o·i o ,king mm. 13 1th Thoma P. YagP-r. t·1 • .ri1l of' t, is e th, th of mu , 1 o ., ',11 • t +,1 iOH., J hot h th1i t , t . . s d rt;f,nc 1, in- ;,in y th, t J~ti. ,on. .i~ t., h, 1 nt 1~ no ,.. sa 1. ,) ,Q ,v for • is id, f'm ml i 0 ,Vi . i t,ll ten ,r tb l the }Qf 11 ~-1id , +o <l ,f hi ir hi c ti hi : . i c , '1 ')ill irl .iot on . t n, in n o t,r co trt , 0 But in o J m cJ, ') 1r t 11, in.., s- i lil otion ,1, ion~ rnav b , / or , 1111 :f'o:r • mi n+, 'JY 11 or n thi t ~ " thi, l' 07. ( ,·"' ''1.1. ) t ��I co Cire 1i t r. ~ t, .on Jalth V t: } P ~ ). BILL OF BXC~PTIOJ B th Hon. , u. • Vtrginia, n b, 1 d county, the t1 t 1uon t E J th, C t.1 1 r th, .' jl lt to ion of' i t u tri:tl <Jirm. it 00 vin~ y h rL,.,i .on l h, Jurl...,., of' o-r t i. n t lJ. b ,.,n l iv 1. Ji1 II. o. , C b,,:f >. f8 c nnty, of' t oe rine h J th, 0 th., 0 l e C8 it .. rt i l F 0 o.rf' ,r., t rn q➔ H i, , 1th, ) ,ing t t.. timony o ~ .....,,: ,, · 11 of' y tb., on hi · int in .,h , on bot ,,ir , , im... o ,on idl3r . j rt .,r r . · rt u .,11, 1.., J_ t irno y .)t. ) , '~ t:ranscr tiJ , my .ittA' coun 1, ·1.11rl re;u.1 .1 t , Co I- - ' T'- , 0 t11; co trt <)() ll't n.:..,on t ~inr, n ,:,:1,d tl1 1·0 L1.o1- <ig ent; , t t1 C ,• , Y' OU.l 11 ourt in nt 0 ,!' on th, -.t,.) ,.,. .ir j .... .., o 1_ "1 gr mt t ,h ��! ~ l.11 t: coll'tr,1ry t al , is , i .rt "nro · ..,c:orr ·rgly l~d r~o 1 hi n thi~J• l, .# n,. ... to th ,:r o.f' ~ JU! d ~ i ,h 1 l~ a- y ---=-J-J ...:;...a._•-=;..~...::-=....--- .. S , 1. ) ��co IJ .o 1'/ V : l l th ). 1807. 1~. ,()}1·,·, ')1f}tl+,"t; (}'}. r:;o. ,.,~ •\rl'l A t ·v)"r_•-- V (' I • : A~•w., i. t t ton. APP-:--~A.•{Al'()~fl: H. ·'l. R !l'tr~ .b•"J'°L1, .. . ,... ,) , 11 , C, I T. P. A I , i.11. t 'J ~ p A. I., r l _..' 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(T '-1.CL l. -1- 1,. >r3l l ' .)1 i, 1 ',') i () '1 .. ·1 t ' .1 ·1 ' t )ljll ),11? l {, r l : i ") 'iJ l .."',, .. 't) + ,_ > :)1 .. ...1 ~·. "( - !I ~ ) - . ,n I ro 1 1 n :·q T r - - 'i I q , Di1l i1•1 A ;: J ✓ :... ,-, !i 1 h· A 1'11 i. }1 l ·•.{") t-}l ,~ir I <1 If f ,,.. .r 'l' , , v.L !)t,y i' i.ri • ~ 1, 0 L.rl. L ! t +,t,r,. i. ' ·j_ l 1 ; 11. t '1 1 .... t n ~011.. 0 1) 1 l') ', t t, t, '1 >r li +, h ' ~ .n_r (}f: .., 0 ~ I .L ~; lY ,, ! () 1 I ~! eart: . L 1~0_· ..~? ) n.· J q} ,l' ' _)t,y . ,, l). ;r • 10+, l' 1 ot, :1 . .. } ~ .. .r ~ .. ' 0 I +·· ,, L l J, L, 1 .id •? '. i f!. n t 1_ .,<l t,1+,o ;rotr i. ( 1n0 .,J! 3.0·r ) ,L , ~t. h} 1 1.Le:: t A ,~ ·~ L I h·. . t, .>---. ,. (), ' 1-, ii ·' • t 'J~L~... I A . it. 0} .i:· 1' ___ ,,., !' yO'l J ·-:cl'~ •,o •1 :L_,• Ill' l U"'"t\_,-jil qt ..• , ) r ' ? i< h rt rio 1 rnl ~/ 1)11 " 1 :mY:,y V ( Jt)ll v~}...' A :Q 1-111 ,..,l""~ vi· l. } ��__ r. __ :::i,".? A I !+, ')(. 01)~~ l.1"j ·1') OlJj•~-;t, i.Oz r> , Ln0 '1'l'~t, l _,,>1ic_r; .o-r:tl' .t.'.l.'Y -t,o :).r,L.'! .xri•~l) 1.:~or. 110 t ~d ro:r U, :ct. ·tUl ~--JJ.._1~.qr l ~tJ. OlJJ•''.!t' t.o .. · t°L')r} !101:.•Hi A Y •~.,I r• ••.• ✓ lJV i't) .' 1,11 ! .:'.:.; C 11-,i<-t, )T•:!l' L,~<1, 'tl ~11+,. 1.,_-• I r' ()l 1 + k.10'7 �/ ' , I ' t • J C r I �--6-- !!' of I ar-1 XQ 1' l1' i. _ro l A o· 1.y XQ () }'1' 3 3 of' 1 J : l. ,.,, I 1 ; ..,. : 1.' 1 r1 · •; i:: i10 ; } 1, 11 l ,_ f} tl ~l1·-t1:•lC t, 1• l •)1 ... J1l1'•}11 +,l1,1r.i,. t} f CJ( ' R to r',J3 O! t • ~ i.. ! .'0 t n·? A n l'J_ ) • tfl:•1c t ly. l.,i';1r:'u tL A I n'>. li tr , A co 1nty ·1nr I ,0!1 't t, '?11. r ~ �r • �(S. 11. t,rinkl )1~.) Y' ' ·, ~Q cont··~ ,4 \lh --7-- 1 , r • S t,-,. - ,kl )J'', •1 l t rU. _(()'t ·1 Vt1 \l.l t,rl t,h ��--8-- A JLpt it i.. XQ H R. HA!t:US: H. . GUI/JOJJ: 1rn. f'A~•tIS: You w1n -f c~n . ot +,i1a +, It ➔ .• !)I'f)r)' , 'l.Wi. 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Ya':i '1 ~:i:'ari.... , of .r.1,,r:frJ1::J!'of 1:: !):!'')91'1.•mt, i . yo,1 . n t-,hi'1 A Q it ·1.rB · s +, 1 +,,, L L-1 irrl, 1 t.h, i•3 yo, r.· 1)ff:ici.t1 A Q i't ►Jl (JO, n-i:,:, ~.l acid. ,tt'r:,0110 (}'t.Y."boli,~ -- '10!.•! n0nn,,r~+,'L n 1it,ri • .m •r' .1·. 01.1 .-, :r }Ci9"t 1::H'•)ll )h9.Y'!.: I r,eli•W ✓ ? 1.t? 1 0,:- ,!JP, ho1.r cid g:r•-:1.ri.'1. 7orrrl. or Prq}."J3.o~r,I Jt1t,'-:? Ji ,1• ()f' P. '11 t v c;,.... r, l):,i:' o.. P nn- not? H , i c:; n0 t. C· .'b lL, q~icl i~ it.? A i9 v , ll'.,r_o-,~ Jo, f31r. 1Fl not:"' .!'Ol)rir~t r~ I'.1'3rl.tcin,~, ca_Jt, 11.i. Avi~, �• I • ., er l �{J s.L.Avis.) --10-- An•:Jl'i r i objoct•:v:t to, b c:..:.u. } 'l 9 ,,,+,,3~:, ,n+, '>-r law r nrl not n. C1t.t•-::r.1,mt of f'act. bnt "3t t Q 1t 'l 0°,,.-i-..O11~ a, JC\'J ,_; ·,.., 1~ <l -i A N'o, . ir, P!.'~1)8.r., a soli tion, o_ rho lie - cirl iA c:trboli0 . ~iri i"> in I C! .-, ' ~· •, ntqin ,rt in J aciri.. s0ori. :,- tJ+,1•,:t.' of'. .. '31) conqi :f'•_::>"!t., . :.<.J ,i!' tl'li9 vi 1, o:r.~uh ort.or 1 i.t. 1 dffiO nt of !) t."I'.' 1 it? i.e. 1 .,.,._ HL,. ·10,1lr'l not, It9 of' a V n:y ._, -\ 'fh1~ 1r.: what 10 1 11.<l inli.1,.· to t,h-3.t it, ic; kno m .c:; co .. 11Arr.;L1.l i8 CL not rbolic �, ' ,) ,) ,- (' �(J --1.l-- '3.L.Aviq.) Jll, A 7h ..., I 0,111., i + iq, t~ ol 1+,t-:>!1 ')f' it a thro n : ron!Vi tion in XQ f'or a Th1t n orrliwtI'Y · nrl !. .1, on , nris. Th·tt of t;tl'llit!r IJ'i!''bolil'J o~ a.,id, 3.(!id.; might 1 ::1n i~ a.:., ,t, 0 .. b Al u:9 i.nf'l r:i;:1- Jt. 1.lno•1t, ,,n+,i-r• !lY "i•JLnr,.,ct· n , i•J it ,yf 'l , 'i':1Y it ,; y :i:P,c-t,1~1iction9 it to if i +. i~ not fi +, for i.q <l':,Si:?;n•!ri ·1cirl lJ1lJ.'!)0'1•3'.., 111 t, l'Ji.ri, t iq a!1r c·tirn,-3 8 .}!'i0U'3 inj1t:r.f r:'o·• rtorn,,qti0 il'L 'I ..-:1.:r.boJ.i<l or 01rbolic 0lnti0)1 rnd ·1 'JO r~· lly -- Th~t er~- i it not? bee !)Hb lio th) 111'3 1 XQ (Inti3r.•90qt11~) in,'.; l :r01 i .... i t i is }:iri 1vhir;h A no t, :'?l'>'rn rl~ c :i.r.00li0 <!0!n.J • .,"J.'Jill iJifl craf1.~ kno m, Th~:r.•~ i<J '>itch · fo:_,: rti ini' }t1t·1 ts? :i.n1l i +, i':> r -i rd•~ri 1 t 1 a d:tn1311r0it<.. g1.• ti.t} 0-f ill'Jid. v~ry x~ gr· ,, fr. AV18, A 'rh·1t how rlid i!'.3 j11~t of: 0·1r'bo 1 ia J bee . ·Q In it 1 1c-i J 1 t i<J A ine it a'3 not 11 -<:'·ot., t !)r~val➔ nt No, chem O'l lly termed 1 1s ·1n bl-} l']q ord.irnry iHUJ Avi~, ~~h·1i, Ll•}d ._,1 ~n conn~J:!.'(J1.'-ll 'if,ici.? +,,) a c}La!)•}!'.' j :i.. it i'-> c~.:i.lH'l ,rci., 1 11 11 c0u. in -:>ir. c·.r'ljoliJ ! , n hy t,Jl t t:,h·1t, I ·:10i.rl I do,1lrl 1· n+, ✓ rt (l1Jsi..,!u tJ it :, r}h ,a!}'3r a9 !),.ll'e. 9k. y0 "Comr~,rci·:il" ..., to ~f)HL 11 I 001.:r,r-:•:1)1·:11 no tl. And. I XQ it 'l~i,l • if' I '!·rnt,i-3ct yitr, grari.e; mn r.:: rio+J t lki_n,r; I 'l'l COJnl.,,:, ci:1lly? 1 r, h0w r,iri. th :.tt ur <i. yo,.1 A!J·.:·i: of' 1:t' it J 1 1 ➔r•J not :f'o.r thr., f::wt thd.t it r.;01..•J to be :Lfl in 00~...- �, ' ' •' \ '. ... : .. ' I �r • --12-- XQ Dut c 111,,n "Co th'l t :l t by th•~ 1, 10 1,!,:on 1.,or.n ..-3_,!i 11 11 110t l~' ,mr.~rBt·-lnriing th·1 it i'3 0!1•~ 11sA t)Y thos~ u~f'.3, · nrl ·,o ri, r;rad13s? t,llt-} t, C0!ill':., .>ci·:1.111 Ls U~t:.}d 11 ·10r1, tho f'H.rnili·r ..1r•} 1 1it,h +J., of' it. Yo11. h·-1v~ Rt· t vl X'2 '3 XQ n0t Is t,h., o-r thi t•·n·m it~P,lf ~r1-1,1e, or :1r~ mo:r, th<;y .hJ:J.t th~~ ,1 "C')!n 1 : ,r11i ·1l 11 C'3.r1:>0lic krio.'m C0!:1r ....rce th'lt, in !fi£-31'0L11 !) 1 l 1)lil'!; v rieti,CJ cid t,h1~y not 1r0 1'1 ·1 0he'1!)~ inr,_ic·1.+,iv•1 of us d ~:i:-arte of. c !' 1 )olic a'1ict. +.ho'J•~ ~:r:-arl... m, C0!\1'!V)nl.r .... 111 +.ht? 00:.~~on ~rn,i, i 00nrr:11-, .. ne i +, not lR•} in ·1 f 1+, t,h·1n t,11•~ :!,mro c 1.1.'bolic a0irl? th t it is XQ kno1vn g~n~ra l. ly I '1! not C!f3~ing ho it ....,ot t1ut 1 t iB not 8olri c rbolic } 0w i. 1; i., yrm t,:n•rn in <lB, •11111 L, '18 .t rm+, I · J mt-t·~t~:r•0-f' -~l'Jt, t!:',i<lJ? 'J0Jii!'.l':3l''Jl-il 1 t i~ . tr ....,•,ner· l 1-y -no rn, t n1 1 0n 11n•·-1l lY HS ,1. ii +.. •! 1:,Y'a(it3 to a er ~;.t!)~r gr~rle. ·cid. XQ bou~ht in W'31l, A d. ...si~n9. te il~k i.nJ But and <to y0,1 f30lri 1<.r101v 1!1 th~ ;hn th ..;,..>°f'>- y 3ars 9t,0r ...s 0:f' tht9 1 t }1a8 f)<j•rn eornr only r,ornrr.onw~Rlth, and. i11 tJ 1 i<J �l t ' �(Jas.L.Avis. ) --13-- th, cor&!lon.t•nl that r.rr·le of' it, c3.rboli a~11 ~·or -- XQ For no, not I they 1,1h:it . rbolic aq 01 , I n.,·1n, ~01,1 by t11~1m➔:r•r;n·.ff,ta hq,,r~ knm n fI'OL b 1 1t a9 to acid; it co 1nty p· rticul3.rly, by t:,n rt1P,rch·u1ts, Ht:Jll,I A this nri in th h~)·· !''3aY l=.l,11 11~ for t m~:rchq.r,ts s .,11 -- vha 1., g:!'aclo th.,y 1 a..v ~.hing , 1:)o t th· t. kno •.ih +, lJl...J.>~0~,3 .m tlrl n ,11 +,h:1 t 0 r rl.13 of y0u .,arbo11c ..id? MeT .,ly A ro mri r10n hous ,s, to B!)1'in1tl.., :'!Vi ,17!3CJ-:900ls, 1 th in__,'3 or t,h <J.t kind. XQ T . t is A ab +, fro It, 111:Jr~ 1011 U9 J f'O"J~ it in ~:111,-1<1<:i"101:tlrl•;!'s 'i r1. ky b1sin,q'> kno·1n 'l!'lY A . ll, ut JOitlr. And. J Ye h0rs comr•,"'.'r:?i·1l C'lrboli0 .,nrl t"lP,m th·1+, er·ri•~ A XQ }), 1-JV ➔r h,3.vin,::; us.,d :Q 1 +, o ,,0,11 Rav~ yo wo,1lr.l yo,1 COi. th•: (!Cl.Ult_# ? B. Do they A XQ V Jry lot hen ho1s XQ . , 011l<i I mi~ht, ,11·3.t, £::r r,-f JB 1 f:rn: +.h~t,. o~ r.;Jn nf' ~0 emf. '7!' ·.11J inJury 'l.,id? .:1.rholi11 .,n<l +.h•~m th1.t, ri_.-} Oi~ J-1ors.,a? ,•irbnl.111 3~i(l'? or I tli~ht q':!nd 1·,hmn ,:iiri \:ln ~1 ,,,:r t,J1· t pnr!.108 ? qi,:•. th1+, l)., th~ y1tJ:'}J0<.J, T'Q:1'> I i.~h ,hat ET' ., 0f: ~Cid �t , ., ,. J . �(J, s.L.Avis.) --14-- A on 1"3 Th· t iq XQ pr- It 1 it, i•J it 1J1,1t m 11lii t11e ~-V8T'.:l_:?;•~ _ 11rrJh gen r~lly to an. 1'V~~r t,h t A Y 1r h, p;rarl.e, XQ t_ exa-Jtly. acid ,t !1 ••~nt th·1t 110111,1 J<:.~1 " . th, pr,qirl•J in you· 1A · rou.nri hi bo l.t 1 t. Bosirrl. of.' t,hrl r.,i0n -- .f'OT! or l'J~ss :9001, •1oul11.YOU R ,nti. hirn not, tlrl '7 ny t,11inB 1t of 9ro-f~ h0n hou~, ,otant, 1 I or +,hi t, om, -1:.o ...,ra<l13 I 1:m,tlc'l. F3tt,heJ• , "'nrt. l11r:i that ir, !J\l.I':909 '3id 1:19.,1, kno ·m +, -- ·1t FJOTI? l ,n~th nd thd yl.ll'O t ,d Form of' poi. on, or th., pu:r th ➔ 1-3 of" , q, qinilar it. b t·•,1~ m ilif'i:"Br•~noi:, acin. rbolic 0 ~ 90! Whie-h i,, acid or c: !•lJolic .I ri.on 't qll !' t,h t I coulrl kno", conc:iirl~t'•:}ri ,_13a ly an<-11 !:i:' +,h·1t, q_1113qtion :901 ons. Yo,.1 !)Oi<Jon t11:p1 I only AViR, ould . 1)1 1} ·-t~'th::it yoi~on q (i.f.,qrtly XQ r. 'i +,o yon rt...,1=Jori"l) ➔ 1 l 11, A gra,i ➔ b;r 1 wr ri.e? Thr:w , XQ J . 1 c rboli., A b 9 nori"} oonoentra f'o_rn of C:1.!'bOlic ()J_ m rl.~ kno rn hi9 thJ nor~,rci Jut !)1t1'Y0~e? Yoii h13.v, ,•3'l'C1'll J r.iR.k~ !,:•1 !.Ink•~ a '1t·1t a di~in--f l;ll :l +, 1'> ~, ,n~n.. ll;' -/hi.) no..,? t0 q:9rtnkli3 9..., tri U9~d 1 '111 · xp➔ rt t:.li:-n!'i~i':3t ski carbolic co c.,:3r t 1~ n. erl :ror. t,o b, O l;_!;!lt i-, g,,,nrUnz Buth., Pharrn- cy, b~ t th•} !JUrpo. iho bry A XQ 1,17}1• 1j - or,li.n l"'~' orrl.in ri ly bl-30, 11.c;•~ it ho11ld b>:}'l~.,tl 40"7 nnny . c; ~ A Viel l, <t;r•09~ ,rli 'be · bout ,,01.1::1?,'l.:',i'll th, rrrart~ !Vl rlf-3'.l'UY n-f: th, acict.? 1J !J1~:r:o·irbol:tn i., 11. 81 m ,,tic in· lly, J<iioir· a11i 1onld. not H.nrl +.h 9'\ll'O lly. 0-r :1tIT1~ c·~ bo .. 1, t, k,n oi•i 110,1lrl on~ d 0:9 oi:" :9nro l)µ, c;·1f 11ly, in.,? I 13n::990, e, th~ ordimi.rily, V'3raee dose. .,/:l!?bolir. �., ;, ·' !·-· • & r· ' I ,. . , i ·, I. . f r ) 1 ' i I- . i .1., ,.· !c. ., .. ~ ,/ { ,. > I ., ,) ,: T .. ,, l- r ,.I . ' .; • _fl• .. �--1--- Q 01 Yo, t .... , lJ 1;h~ i1rr:,1tri.ty wit,l I wlll �r • .J �:fo1· n 1i J !_:s Q .Jo I, i A 1,0, it po1!'3on? f1ir. no ~ 1 ·f t It, th "t 1. ~, 1.. 1!1 �,I .... �(Ja --17-- .L.AVi9.) in:f'ect· nt :9l.l!'POB~ :.h +, o:f' lJ • ca_~1Jolic . ,in, CO'.i.!.10,1"1 ]· 1th I\VlB '1.') th,.t , . in ~ the r•,l~t,q in- TH":: C0TJWr: <l _ 1) ri.•J:f'•iJ1'l 1nt 1 i Ynu_-y,mo+ion .·11t 1 .,r, u "3ri. fr,r 13ont,~nt" of' +,h~ lJottl~ +,o +,h b ,1n!2'. rim1 t,h., nti ty of 1'.le 'lll' <~ , it .1ot h vine; ')•~ .,n '3. i:cJ, tliqt th•J b.-,ir 0 hown by t,h , r ~Si9', ...r.,d . !')ha .. f''itl iR t, J onJ 1ho i~ n0t �j �--18-t.:r:•,)11 !)h rm·1<Ji.cit is +.h~ rt f' }_YL1n-t if3 lt•>+, mt:L"rftnnt ✓ n.,8 ,h.✓ Ya,e:;1Jr.'i<; not 9l1arrn oiqt. ,;o··.i1 1>: 1 +; • HA•{118: It 0n but if' th . o+,ion -- ✓ r .....1 r~ i~+Jv~i The motion I 0-r +, 1,: .11 .tr:. 1fl0'7in~ thi<:J 1 til·1t not !.~,an th1t o u•h0lic is ·1.~Y'JlYto 0 "3ntl 31 ,J!'l ircea th rt !.lP.~'0h· t,}n GO! ,.on- -rnr ·1~.n+g-,•1 1. 1,-.-.,':3li:,v·rrt, !)on th, 1 n+, · t :ill. 'ihiril1 1 yo tr !O:lt~ 1 .- th'"} !n•ohLhi- nta J.1 A 1,1 ()ll ar•} not wi10 i'3 our :DO':lit,ion. J:.'•)r~orr'I.. lJ ,1! [.:. f'i "1..'<~t li11y q'ifJ:Y~•l, t · 8 f'r)l Lo· 1•1tU'idr'I. 00r!1t:~y1+,ion? '.l m•F.' ,h•in t. h11'Jin 1~-,~ in m ➔ .y? t 1rnn About HJ.V'3 you I y-:fiV•} 00!1'1.11'-lt~ri,. ~onct.1 M+, A 1t i tS•}li'; lon~ l-1•-11r,yon 1:>wm in ~,h~ m ..r0hantil•~ •iO'I 11c,,tc.1..1;1 j, y0,n· , h t, 1. :to0'i<i ri~11:.1rn 00 i -fin· H. SIP A Q t Y , ...., ~:Lr; i+, iR 1:,r-, t,n. ru1u,n SIP.H~: S9•YlKR I LTJIA. Q th,3n, _'\ or i,h•} 'l0t? th· t, }XC ,!)t, t,h•} •~virl•,!IC"H !JOint8 1'3 b·rn•~·l , th ,n i +, rto -~ ()it 0nly 9h~r · 0i'3t'3? n. Q .,t1·ik} A<:; I unr ,n•~t~ nri. yo,, TH_..]COU!{'l': vour t, 10''3 ►} b~1ng ,h·1t •3 __rco ri,:;ionc; ~ny, rl.OP,'1 th·1t !n}'111<3 lt.y; +,o st::i:il'Jkl ,r? ~ 9·tl r Our motion 1 int!'orl,10~d tion rl.o not 1 o-r. the MH. c,IP'S: l•J Y ➔ int:r:·orlit, A, a r ~,?;i.<1+,1-n'f!tl !J.-frl +, + o 2.0v1i to l-}:l'1 o-r 11 th•} f·\0t l 1 1i +, ir. /JOI, ,OH 1·v•~·.lth M~. anin w~ ? SI PI·J: rl. (Win ci111)J-::ct ,o -+J•! no, 1-11iuJ ✓ d. iri J,·11.rg. bU'Ji.!1,'3"> t J ~ is r· th~p• 1 ~f'•,.r tJ. n i::1 t,r i.·, co 1 rnty? c,t,L~J11 col,/i.110 th'J.t ·1 ,_'.;0orl <d ~ .,rl bi 1sin0 s • I +,hi k it c;: �• �- -- r ------ ----- -- • --19-- L t ID-3 ch:1ng, ~ i -... A disinf o ho ct::tnt, '3 -" , houstjs th.., qu,.c,tion in t,h>-3 · little. Do !'011 n.onduct, · nd . "7-:1.Yof ,-,r,rinkling .f h~n ouCJ~s an1 ceFJ.:-:-!)0<)lB, ,jtc. 7 in +..his count~~? :r➔mP-riY. of it, in v1~ ter. Now, t home, I knorq urn o:er ~)·0r1 8or.1,, •) t 1uy own �\. .., I' �--P,0-- obs ...rva t,ion? V.13. t ion, to b,J li 1)11.t only 1n:ff3:i:>'3nce t i . i ... , t,}l· J"•J Proi. '3 vl. o. oss-EXAl ! A XQ 0, t .,11 th1t? THE GOTJ~T: ]Y M {. 'riJIGON. iJ.'. .iJo, 94.,,, Sir? I!~A'rim not, t,h t I kn0 of. Ho: I rton 't t,hink t,h ,r �,· �(Wn.H. Si_ e. ) --21-- h .1rs1y. P{. of I:f JOH.{\_): +,hi9 ➔ ~13, J 1H. Wr.• "Y.'. I. ri~ht wo11lri 11·vr, Yo, c·mno~ 1-tU,: in 81!')1} i.'1 i!Lf3'.".'t,8t•~'t A) ':3l'.o, hi.- in+,o thJ 3:0 J in-t:.e:.i:-·}st. tion q,,, outcm ti'ld :9ro. hi'3 0-f Jr::11- tion. THE corJ,{T: CT 11 int .....'~St. f-3110V hil3 XQ H•vrJ yoit It a"3 1 ... Onl!' wh , t11...,r: I inigh t by on th3 OVf3T'I'illect.; ...., ➔ nl-3:•. ic; 11~ 1}"'<'1 ,: P rt ; of' t-,his :fo:r tion f'ri:r fl !)'lL !J0':1 yo.:i. • ,asP, h,:r..,? (l':}:f' ,. r~·1nt,. •' 1 +, f'f,.,ot th·1t 0011~8 1. , f1•ori ,-nrs·ty ➔ o t~d.. ,ff !)()'3'3il:>l ➔ t11':} d,ci<.Jion of 011.t11O1., .,i:91 ➔ , l :y,rin nti f_om h•,· rsay. rr:ih~nt; xr-t It i, rm_r int•.n•1?c;t 1l(l l:>~1:9:r:011f_,r, hut f'o:r.: t,h:-lt 'n.nif:!<,dbl ➔ 1- Obj~otion; A t ill.1< -thi two I <i. n't No, : O•l.!' 0 1 n int ...-.~,~t, th·1t c· '3e, 19 it of' this ·1:ffr;, .... t .,d ,.,,:1.11 b, not? A In Y ...'3, •Q hic'li H v,, yon 1~ l)•}ing A I h.v~. qir, ,o. t:rib 1 1t !ri. to 'lJ.'d<:J th•~ n.•"}f•m~Bof this t,:r:-1.,rt h~i.:·, no.? I 91-tirl., in 1 c; .... ne::1'.'·t 1 ,1 y, t,}1-•\t An<i. I might 0 h•;l' ca9 i ,,, a b, t11t, f:r intr,:,:, ,qt ➔ rl t1-n.·nit/ in , 01 .., n:Y I l:,y h•~ rq:;y. XQ Hav yo,1 .,ont:r-11-)ut ,n. to v ,ta the .? :p .,nf3~ of' rt ,-f: md i.n3 +.his C-.1 e? A XQ Mtt'3t I a Wh-3thn• ~rou 13'l }!' h:1V•, OlJJ ~0tion; · '3 to ·1h }th ~,:- I 1 mr,.~d to, ov,,2..2·,1l0ri.; O!' ~,,,3 ~:r.~ d -- h v1-, rton,~ :tt, ex , 9+,ion f'o!' 1-3it,h,}r d1 3 f ➔ nrtmt. Ol'le. �•. �of' th,~ expr..mo;, : -r x· _'{. H__.-t d;;: A :Q Po__ th Y '.l c; , Sine,~ c;-?11.,.1::,, 1 ~oori, )1, q yon ._, ►J 1 H' J I ,wnsid~;r. = 1 ~')')ri? Lr-. 1JOrl, :ro:r, t.h., g•m~J!'.'1.1 _::; 11 11:r th:;1t on3 _ 1:: ·on .vhtcri i (l 0e yon to of' t,h ,,vt~•~rl A /J t 1r.e h., s., is ~1'•-; , " lJ,J.rci1•1::,ir [;. c rbol t on, of' dir yon ~}1·1+, }ctly in+,,}r J~ .,-011.:t tr•r>!:J.o +,11 , ,: 1r ➔ not a f·t~t i+, to nrr1 -. tht3 tnJ t H:t•. St:r.·i11kl,_, t,h·lt sto:.r.'t., ; _nil. !:ltJ:1'.''1!1 yo1.1. w,+,, in u1 +,R, t t ~n~ +, l fo,Vt'? , y, J,3,. 1 11 1;1,• t r11.,., ijion? 01)j ,atton; A is ont:ribnt8 ct in 11 Y,J9, I ov s 'i/Vi~ 'l ,,l}J!)+,10n ror l,ri; J•' 1<', ,1~f•Jrrttnt. thonc;h, bi1t :10+, r'!.i:r-~~tly +,hlt, .!"!?. Striclcl~ :·q to b ➔ l' ➔ !Jort 1 1 1 ' Q 9.~ Anrl y0~1r A ·,,}l linv 0I' You h·1 V•J ,••,.,1' 1.')'l-l n1.rr•., a·· in '')•} m 'I 'l-)1lt, t,h,1 ev n if' t11:rt3 h·r not Q sel:f? ·-F! t-rH c 1m1 ty Lil? , i!)•J, wt ➔·,h -· •}Cn•,.1 t.o yo Allru J ! mig'rlt, rt~~ ➔ n~9 R.VL!l if' Jv,n h::iv .J i?•:3,n •ny -- '19Yt] i~ 1 l.·1.li:fy ,•! f,o l'J. ! ,m11lri I dirln '+, 'l!V"i•~. f3 t· nrl A .r. '3k .'!'~, (Int,'.":'!'ll:)t,ir1:::;) kno in th0 a rbolic in l!.' int, J ,_.,;st !1t -- l rlon 't Q o-f l.l~l' "'nants t,·h,3 l:L!1t t),} t~~r~ t,.1•,r~ l1ad not, 'L }!1 ◄ ,}l, il lt lB to n'-, ~_,_,·1 1it+,le. chi:? in ny !.)'l!'t , rl'l t? m p13rf' ,ct,ly hirt b,3 Fil lin~ t,() ha'f,j not h00n -,'Yl ·my • r0'3~G1ltion c;·1in 3t YOU!.'- �~ ' r r. \ _r , I l • , 'C �--23-- I riirl no MH. AVIS: A'iY any such th:Lnc. f':lrnm~ of Hockin,..,h Q Yt:mr o_. Wh o. rP, ,10 yo, live? Pl co wt,y? �l �Y s, A 113 Q ~ + not I'f., ro 1 ·rn:i.l tin.:; intfJ!·.::!Jt9 •i Bir. in ':3. f'<:,:t t t,hr : n as<:,1)ci rn➔ t,h•, +,ion to "eh· nt'3 th ,r11 9rot-::0t , omtmh, t ~iriilar ~.hiB rna+,t,,r, co1 of' t,hiR to '.l01Tfl1~_1lth an<'!. t,h~i. ,lV ➔ ':'l t1'1•'3<ttu._,0 i"3t8 1 1• ar-:rno- ,ion in ~hi~ ~+,dt? ~t to Q ':i Ji1l th In ot11~i· 011 }I' Avis, m>.::rch. 11t 1 ~ron rnrd'3, onntl-:}:!.''1 ,1 thout you1· nd oth~.:.' rl1'ng~il3ts, cl•Jrks, \!ll tho11t A "lI'holio jn$J+, lik., ca9t·1.:ln ..,ou.nt,.,1'13, by -t:.nHir ov ..,r P1~,ir it,? d.iri not I W1+,1113~, F'l:lY q•-1 •1 ~ RHOD.;:s, duly J. 1 t, tr:iring to c: ,11 liir. HH. AVIS; A. th~ rig'"lt 1avA r·eei- ~•~11 it l"'l?~i8t•).t'Ll._, Y 1J'3, to 1::in ny such +,ol'i th:Lng. +,o ~-t:.anri. ;f "id"'• of' cl .,f',mrhnt, m:rn on b~hal,:' +,1~ ti-rt ,,l as -t:'0110 11-=,;Q Mr. Wh~r ➔ A year of nocJ<"in,}H'1 .o, n+,y? YA8, ~ir. A Q ::tr., a farmtJ1' thorlP,F3, y0n 10 ym1 live? B:r.irlw, 1:1.t'}r 'lt :9::r'.' ,r-;,~nt, nd. h"lVr3 1)131-m fo.• +,h~ 1:q_r.;t or ~o. Q But A y011 h>-V_, "r),~,m livine ~,ir. "(f}"l, I l1'1', f'or b3m Y•)'·tT.'~ i!l f•]'.'Jui.~ 1!1 t.hi.:"J C!Oll!1ty? hi9 ,(N.tY f<>:i:' t,h, 1 '3t -l:,ri.ir+,y Y•}'J.r<J. Q "ill yo·1 a nm .h•~r of yt31r"J <;t9.~ ➔ vhP;t'l-11~2• o no+, c·-'1rb0lic · Qirl • a f'•pni 11:1:r. r•~m1Jrty in Y'J't:r.' 110tn,1? :1•~ i) ~en :f'o .. �. �--24-- Q ~iil l y1J1t rltj<.Jr:n·ibi:'l +,o I !)1' , 'f Q :r1n,1 it Hr. 1-{hor•.:s, i moc t A Q rm t t i Ve Wil 1. ·[h; t 'W H'Y b· U'3 court +,11 ◄, Jfl i +, :,h,., 13.ri ua us~s to ':thich a rl.isin:fect nt, 'i '1 in • 10 :rn. YOH WY a•, to the xt ~nt to 1vhic}1 Thc1t Bl Ok.8mi+,} ine;. YOll i::Jt t~ t,o th , co n·t "l 1 ➔ th,n· OJ' not you U P, C;U'bolio ��r • --25-- Q Do you A Q Yo 1 A 1-:9 kr::} Yee;, s iY th1t ar1~.ly 1J rbollc ir; /OH How do you ar, n~v-.,.~• 11+,ho,:rt, it? ,1 +,J1out it. n~ ➔ IlIATIOH. it? on Jou,· 9-r~T'li . es anri use it ..:~ ,:i tJ 1 0 it, 1 t,. rar ,ly CR0S'3-E:.A XQ 1, �r • 't ., '/ I , �r • (E.C.rlol~tor..) stock. --::36-- r-r · ny co·1.lti. not. do '3 g, t'3 hii:rt H j t ,__'3 11 h~ ·1ant9. C , tock ,o rn :-- 1(,, rt ~tock 01,1tion o,,. qny thin 0 l 'lk8 of 0,:i:rbolic ,h• t -- a ,id. i tri011t. A Pu-t:. it A I in th., ,. .._,,,1" +,o +,hin · Y' �,. ,:1 I , ,i • .:i. f ' .. I \ _J �f • (John 1 .Li --27-- k.,y.) A ,:l:i.:. Y•'3, Q };() you n~:J CU.'l)Ol:r; Q Do yo t kno V d/lt} lf!i<l y01r Ol, t' ..rr 1 , 1,, 'l. 1]0! J.r.••~!i~t3~? T 011 honqe}hO i:.r• J'e}T .->,rJ 1, •. oc'l<in,__;r1r:u.J,)im+.J? Q U'l 110,·1 }1:r:. rJ1~1k--!Y, yo11 <11y t,h,1+, yoit 1 ,om, on !Qiti) :r10lrt 1 {. /JO iRAD: bsol 11+,'7 ·rn Ii: T: ! t,h ➔ nt-3<lY,1ml f0,1 ,o u:•+, 1H·, !3~, ,-;_,)1c.-},l? it '1-)•~J.iev-:} i+, i•~ ·1 ·,,-, ri. ,·finit ➔ 1mrt•~rt:it·1nrline; a ;o,tlri to -- },ft. in 1'•~~·1.rr SIPJJ: ll 1?1) l'L;1Mci. i ~~. :?.. ,rni<Je nonu on 1,o bt} •=i.+,, 01 t! nui~on i~, ':,r ,. ~ ~h} -:>l' b:1'.'i•.rfR be h - ,, }Vid .me i, it, ,n H to th.., tri11l T~f:S GOUT: ,j_ lL.· i:1.• Our nn( •?r•3tanrlinc; 9t] on _ro•n· I uni.•3.' o +,. i, t'.lnrl ni •,e. i;h·1t t,J11~ ~virLno., no 1 1 t 1<,11 ~h· 11 h, �( ' f r . 'f �1/, ·, .. T ' • .. . --28-- } (. SI ' J . • TH 1~ rJ(),j!tT: you Dan n. m-1t t, ,:r 01· mi d. ,r,v:mnor, :.1hiY1J.:t,J1i CJ .l' "' 1n·1k.-, al~!'o.•+, · '11~' Jt~ cl+ ' ,i I . .....: '-'-f-!', 1 ~~,1~!1td th r•1f .r,:mc,~ +,0 it ~ J ;- I I 1 ~ ..i· +tf-lc----.L, th•3.+, :,011 �.. �IN THE CIRCUIT ~OURTOF ROOKINGHAM COUNTY VIRGINIA --'~-------------..•... .. . . . . .. . . ... . ... . . . . .. . :. COMMONWEALTH vs. s s and s A. D. BERTRAM '• NOTE FOR THE 00:MMONWE_AJ.,TH • •• s COMMONWEALTH vs. : THOS. P. YAGER • . . ... . ... . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. •. In replying sel for ble to cl~rify to the note the defendants various the statutes passed situation regarding from time per aequenoe, to time, is rules for it cases, learned would seem desira- somewhat by reference pharmacy matters, and by giving ooun- to the which their have titles been in pro- March 3rd, 1886, Acts 1885-86, p. 405 "An act to incorporate the Virginia Pharmaceutical Association, and to regulate the practice of pharmacy, and to guard the sale of poisons in the State of Virginia." the original Pharmacy, by the as follows: FIRST: This in these filed Act constituting its prescribing its guidance, tioe of pharmacy in the This Act was incorporated riehts and for State, into the State a.nd duties, formul~ting the regulation prescriblng the Board of of the prac- ~ena1tieB, &c. Code of 1887 as Chapter 78. SECOND: May 6th, 1887, Acts of 1887, p. 210, "An act to amend ani reenact Sections 6 and 12 of an act approved l. n.rch 3, • • 1886 entitled an act to incorporate the Virginia Pharmaceutical Aaeociation,the practice of pharmacy and to regulate and to guard the sale of poisons in the State of Virginia." ��1/, I • ' .. .· The amendments for registration. to the and the Act, (See preface THIRD: than to the in the time Code published, to the sections sections v. p. time of the See also Chapt~r 4202 and 4203.) March 5th, 1894, Acts 1893-94, p. 715, "An Act to amend and re-enact Sections 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765 and 1766 of Chapter 78 in relation to of the Code of Virginia, the practice of pharmacy, as amended by an act approved May 6, 1887, entitled an act to amend and re-enact Sections 6 and 12 of an act approved March 3, 1886, entitled an act to incorporate the Virginia Pharmaceutical Association, and to regulate the practice of' pharmacy, and to guard the sale of poisons in the State of Virginia." Act contains originally Sections that reference of the Revisors, Code of 1887, This rather the subsequent inserted been at of necessity, extend been approved was not 1887, Code not having had, of the original 206, Act simply Thie Act having amendments Code. in thie 16th day of March, of 1887, the contained radical enacted, changes March 3rd, in the pharmacy 1886, law aa (No. 1 ante). u?.tx~K m«0E~m:rateaxmxtk11~11uxmifxi2~'.ixaax~kai'i~rxiixx March 2, 1898, Acts of 1897-98, p. 686, "An Act to amend and re-euact Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia, in relation to the practice of pharmacy, as amended and re-enacted by an act approved March 5th, 1894." This Act simply of physicians the practicing requirement provision that so long as there There ly are amends Section of five in rural years shall is no registered verbal and having districts, experience, such registration a few slight accidental, 1759 as to the registration &c., and adding be effective pharmacist and immaterial no bearing removing upon this the only in such tovm. changes, case. evident- I l ��' .. FIFTH: March 5th, 1900, Acts of 1899-1900,p.825, "An Act to amend and re-enaot Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia, in relation to the practice of pharmacy, as amended and re-onacted by an Act approved March 2nd, 1898, entitled an act to amend and re-euact Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia in relation to the practice of pharmacy, as amended and reenacted by an act Approved r.iarch 5th, 1894." This Act amends Section experience as necessary registration in rural tion of fif'teen 1759 by again prescribing to a practicing hundred physician and towns having districts or less, five years desiring a popula- and by eliminating I the l "so qualification in said permitting employees regular town". long It also any retail to sell, course as there is no registered contains druggist compound, of ·business a provision or drug dispenee any patent pharmacist specifically company or their or manufacture in the or proprietary medicines, &c. SIXTH: ~- This is February 16th, 1901, Acts of Extra Session 1901, p. 338, "An Act to require the Board of Pharmacy of Virginia to register as pharmaoists certain parties who failed to avail themselves of the requirements of the act of March 3, 1886, as amended by the Act of March 3, 1887, and to permit such persona so registered to practice pharmacy in the State of Virginia as registered pharmacists and without examination." an independent certain parties and not later, act, who shall requiring apply and has no bearing the registration on or before on this July of 1, 1901, case. SEVENTH: March 5th, 1903, Acta of 1902-3-4,p.71, "An Act to amend and re-anaot Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia, in rela- amend & tion to the practice of pharmacy, as amended and re-enacted by an act approved March 5th, 1900, entitled an act to re-enact Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia in relation to the practice of �\ �t I '' ' pharmacy, as amended and re-enacted by act approved March 2, 1898, entitled an act to amend and re-enact Section 1759 of the Code of Virginia, in relation to the practice of pharmacy, as amended and reenacted by act approved March 5, 1894." This Act amends practicing physician in rural fi~teen Section or less, amended, [arch be recognized by again the removes a practicing the known as the the intended but draftsman sale to rigidly cocaine, tained also experience as poison section and its control, It or to prevent has no bearing 1764 food it or the and drugs. was the by the 1764, more severe rurnishing upon the Codo, It intention only of in three regJlation preparations, prohibit artisti- passage (No. 1763), and practically third, and not The Act is not Legislature of morphine 1763 of the section", that to prescribe in Section adulteration "poison first, and, an habitue. shall It to amend Section is manifest it Act to amend the the years section". and of the particulars--- or phyaioiana of Virginia. of five aa pre- March 14th, 1904, Acts of Extra Session 1904, p. 296, "An Act to amend and re-enact Section 1764 of the Code of Virginia, as amended by an act approved March 5th, 1894, relating to the practice of pharmacy." "adulteration drafted, of the section physician. commonly known as the cally Society requirement Act was plainly Code, tueh of such physicians of the that 1900, examination that in place Medical EIGHTH: This 5, of a a population and prescribing licensed, right without and in towns having be regularly viously as to the to be registered districts hundred shall 1759 again and, the second, of sale of any drug subject matter which prohibits is least at the an open to con- ! ! �r • �• • r .. ' question mains whether in full poison and virtue, 1764, and likewise whether original force oeded by Section 1904, the tions has been repealed about by the manit'est it as amended in this the sale Section (No. 1763) re- or whether concerning the original section 1764, Act of March 14th, of poisons, pertaining by the unfortunate or misnomer has been euper- the and also to adulteramuddle brought section sought to be amended. All the Acta hereinbefore missed from consideration referred as immaterial to may be dis- in this case, ex/ cept the original Act of March 3rd, 1886 (No. 1 ante); er 78 of the Code, in which the various Act are embodied; 1894 (No. 3 ante); the general the (No. 8 ante). is given 1765 and 1766, the Act of l!arch the to guard that Act, be observed and to regulate the Chapter Acts, to Article "An Act to incorporate Association, Acts, of and also 78 of the or either 4, Section Code,~ of 52 of Constitution? It will titled the attention of which has been amended amendatory them,repugnant Sec- 1894. Are the original the several that the poison to these neither 5th, 1903 (No. 7 ante) amending suggested Court ma.y be exclusively to Sections since It 1904, of this Act of March 5th, the Act of March 5th, and the Act of March 14th, tion amending provisions chapt- sale the general of poisons amending that the original the Virginia Act was en- Pharmaceutical the practice of pharmacy, in the of Virginia"; State Act of March 5th, 1894, and was entitled ( T ' �. , ~., I 'It �t l • an Act to amend and re-onact "Chapter tice 78 of the of pharmacy Code ia that entitled &c.; "Regulating the practice and medicines, to th~t dangerous end all is single, ed may be ~airly expressed and intimate are all things most without prohibition title exception of the the MoGruder, 84 Va. p. 828, purpose in the Statute, each other, in Virginia, jurisdiction, by the Board of Supervisors by and of the Legislature. does not cited ia the most natural with authorities Constitution In the one case the defendants, have purpose in every There of the object embraced and correlation case, and to be done or prohibit- or not, to the general ia the Where thie tend. as in furtherance in the public, the general The subjects connection germane of the but was the use of which to be accomplished authorized regarded specified sought It of drugs and sale provisions in detail, in the title. whether Acta is manifest. o~ poisons, various vary and the 78 of the of Pharmacy"; to the health of these they Chapter dispensing in the objects Statute; to the prac- amended and re-enacted these and especially no incongruity thi, of all compounding, particularly of Code. The purpose the that 1903, by number in relation as amended" 1759 of the to regulate sections Code of Virginia the Act of March 5th, Sections is certain and al- agree that the apply. learned counsel of Henrico the Act in question for County vs. provided- "The late treasurer of Henrico County be allowed until the let day of February, 1885, to make his supplementary returns of delinquent taxes for the yeara~ &o., and it was held Act was not to be unconstitutional embraced in its title, because the object and because the title in and the body of the Act areAirreconcilable title being "An Act to allow further conflict; time for the the treasurer of the �... �of' Henrioo County to make returns The manifest conflict was that to the "treasurer", "returns ferred full and also of delinquent permitted line briefly the title returns of delinquent to taxes", which law. of cases of which only a few will in Virginia, decision, ie a very be I as follows: 588 and I I ' of Morriss especially "an Act to enlarge vs. 595, the it Virginia Insurance was held jurisdiction Court" &o., powers of the Judge of the Hustings that the jurisdiction of the court, of the Constitution See also vs. Powell 88 Va. pp. 713 and 714, emphatic Court, Co., an Xct of the Hustings and Which in the body of the Act enlarged to the provision lowing re~erred to this 85 Va. pp. ty, to the and the body of the Act re- by the general In the case extending to the Act referred In marked distinction cited, entitled because taxes", to "supplementary was not the title taxes". and the body of the Act referred treasurer", "late of delinquent the in addition to was not repugnant in question. supervisors of Brunswick in which the court uses Coun- the fol- language: "To require conveniont object, to lating to but would or every end and every means necessary for the accomplishment of the general be provided for by a separate act, rethat alone, would not only be unreasonable, actually render legislation impossible. *The* generality * * * * * *of* a* *title• * *is *no* *objection * * • * *to * it,* * • so long as it 1s not made a cover for legislation incongruous in itself, and which, by no fair inas having a necessary tendment, can be considered or proper connection." See also Ingles The attention to Iverson Brown's oaae, which seems particularly vs. Straus, of the Court 91 Va., applicable 91 Va., pp. 209 and 216. is especially called pp. 762 and 772 at seq., to the oases at bar, �r • \ �.J ' . aa it clusive stands absolutely of the dante. constitutional In this of the Court on all case, fours with objections Judge Riely them, raised and is con- by the defen- in delivering the opinion says: "On the other hand it (referring to Article 5, Section 15 or the Constitution of 1869, which is identical in terms with Article 4, Section 52 of the present Constitution) was not intended to obstruct honest legislation, or to prevent the incorporation into a single act of the ent.ire ste,tutory law upon one general subject. It was not designed to embarrass legislation by compelling the multiplication of laws by the passage of separate acts on a single subject. authorizes many Although the act or stntute nature to be done, the things of a diverse title will be sufficient if the things authorized may be fairly regarded ae in furtherance of the object expreseed in the title. It is therefore so as to to be liberally construed and treated, uphold the law, if practicable", citing numeeous cases. In the a condensation the points syllaQus of the very involved in the on pp. 762 and 763 will able cases and exhaustive at bar, be found opinm.on on as follows: "The title of' an act will be sufficient, v,1 thin the meaning of Sec. 15, Art. V of the Constitution, if the things authorized to be done, though of a may be fairly regarded as in diverse nature, furtherance of the object expressed in the title. is that the subjects embraced All that is required in the statute, but not specified in the title, be congruous and have natural connection with or be germane to the subject expressed in the title. And the Constitution is to be liberally construed so as to uphold the law, if practicable." "If an act of Assembly has been amended, it is unnecessary to enquire whether the title of the amendatory act would, of itself, be sufficient; it is enough 1:f' the title of' the original act is sufficient to embrace the matters contained in the amendatory act." "Where a prior act of Assembly has been substantially incorporated into the Code, and some of' these of the Code are amended and re-Anacted, provisions others repealed, and new sections added to that chapter by a subsequent act of Assembly, the title of which refers to the numbers of the sections amended or repealed, and the number and subject of the chapter, and the amendment and new sections are germane to the title of the original act, the I 1 �(' �r • title of the amendatory act ia a sufficient compliance with Sec. 16, Art. V. of the Constitution." "Sec. 15, Art. v. of the Constitution of the State has no application to amendments of the Code; and in amending and re-enacting or repealing any part of the Code or adding thereto, it is not necessary to do more (if so much) than ref'er to the proper chapter and section thereof to be amended, or repealed, or added to, and adopt and express in the title or the amendatory act the number and subjAot of such chapter, if the provision of such amendment by re-Anactment or by additional section is germane to the subject o~ the or sections chapter." In concluding following impressive thie opinion the Court used the language: I "Every ln.w enacted by the legislature is persu.med to be in conformity with the Constitution, until the contrary 1s sho~n, and it devolves on him who alleges its invalidity to show it. It is a grave responsibility for a court or judge to pronounce a solemn and deliberate act of the sovereign lawmaking power unconstitutional and void. It should never be done in a doubtful case, and especially where no great principle of liberty or the security of' property 'enshrined in the Constitution of' the United States and repeated in that of the State• is involved, but only some rule of legislative acWhen it is done, the conflict between the tion. Constitution and the law must be clear and palpable. To doubt is to affirm the validity of the law." In the Ashby, p. 93 Va., Act in question of case which gives other proceedings retain custody the the to test title of of minors and their custody." was held provide that "an act a new charter Association' City all habeas corpus and of the Association ror the o:f' Iron is not unconstitutional to &c. is not broader "An act in relation Association Asso., the title 3 of the of the to the Prison Building Va. vs. Court of which is ttaection of' Circuit committed", the act, In Bosang vs. to the the rir;ht of minors Association that jurisdiction commitment ginia was held it 667, Richmond exclusive than of' the Prison 98 Va., which is Belt to of Vir- p. 119, it 'An Act to Building and Loan on the ground that ite ( l �f • �1/, ,. J title embraced broader than previously made. the act, The provision object strued, so as to uphold last opinion fall, court, elaborate of the Court attention able of the is and comprehensive (Cal.), 56 L. R. A., upon similar cations note and amendments p. 48, long to the 242, decided the I eXhaustive- leading la.test cases, delivers.nee ' conclusive. of authorities, called case the to the very of Lewis vs. bearing provisions p. 40. delivered line 83 et seq., p. p. considered respectfully constitutional See also Virginia, is and this to this Oourt 100 Va., Marye, would seem to be absolutely In addition con- practicable." to previous supra, is all be liberally to President, references whioh have been cited This 105 Va., _subject when and. in ;further- title. vs. Hawkins, this was contracts title, is Clerk, vs. title validates the la.w, if in which Keith, of the with to in the the Trehy, In Whitlock ly, germane is the which were usurious The Constitution See also only or that as it in so far expressed required. is one object, made by such association ance of the that more than Dunne more particularly as applied to codifi- thereto. notes Hurst's and let on the New Constitution Va. Law Register, of p. 119. CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE STATUTEPRESUMED. Every and the statute Constitution as to uphold the to the Federal itself law, if Assembly strictions are are possible. without imposed to be constitutional, must be liberally Government, Ganeral in expressed 1e presumed "Aa to matters the legislative limit, except by the Constitution term.a or by strong construed implication. not eo ceded powers of the so far as re- of the State The State ( I �11, I ' . �i \ ... Constitution is statute. In order No stronger to warrant unconstitutional, Whitlock the the of the of a ·1a known to the a State must be clear law. statute and palpable." p. 242. Corporation State and every constitutionality to declare courts 105 Va., vs. only, presumption infraction Hawkins, vs. Button p. instrument is made in favor presumption State a restraining Commission, 105 Va., 634. See also in Brown's quotation 91 Va., case, See also pp. from the to be found National opinion of the Court on p. 9 ante. Council vs. State I Council, 104 Va. 197 and 202. AS TO CLASS LEGISLATION. See Va. Dev. Co. et al. 90 va.•,p,. following the 126 and 129 et a long line "It shall persons of cases subject cited, that to the are to it its of an equal be deprived ie no objection Crozer Iron in which the and particularly 14th amendment, citizen seq., vs. statute treated Oourt held, in construeing provision protection that it alike Co. et als., that of the 1s special, under the no laws, if all same con- ditions". See also Christy See also Ex parte ve. Elliott, 1 L. R. A., N. s., p. 216. "When the calling O'Neil, or profession or requires a certain ledge upon which others must rely, steps in and imposes with danger, conditions Minneapolis p. 29, cited in Christy & 3 L. R. A., N. or business degree then s., P•563. is of scientific legislation upon its St. L. R. Co. ve. vs. Elliott supra. attended knowproperty execution." Beckwith, 129 U. s. 7 I �I • \. �' .. It all these the act 1s respectfully authorities under ginia, the objection which they Constitution submitted are of the United States, in the light the defendants of prosecuted without of that is repugnant to the or o~ the State shown to be completely ia that Vir• of foundation, and must be disregarded. THE FACTS. The testimony practically against against • so far as concerns identical defendant's small store, bottle 1763, ous nature of the with carbolic the thereto, by the of the "Car. ever is charged first that article Acid. on it Poison", was affixed Pharmacy oa.ee was the bottle seller article", the requirement of' the be labelled bearing in Yager's in ink the name the President complied the words case no label L. Avie, and a pharmacist with same was partially by the of Virginia, of the Section. to the bottle Mr. Jas. 1764, was to be used of this a label while it to such poisonous should was two of the most readily and the word "Poison", by pasting by Section of business paragraph the bottle case was aware of the poison- anu in neither antidotes in a In neither and that at least from the purchaser a.e required acid, In Bertram• s case paragraph to the "name and place effective as required was bought the purchaser purpose; and in addition with the offence upon the premises. that a legitimate obtainable acid upon due enquiry or Section labelled carbolic and delivered filled ascer-tained for defend.ante them. In each case it each of these what- seller. of the Board of of prominence and ~ �, .. I • �long testified experience, tered the act; under that to have been purchased defendants cheap and inferior or proprietary Several farmers, merchants neighbors carbolic carbolic acid even than acid a deadly that testified frequently purposes of disinfection it the pure or experts, "remedy" and that of a was not a domestic druggists when diluted, animals, named from the but was on the contrary and mechanics, for and occasionally, injured the conditions witneseee,mot was a domestic shown in the evidence more dangerous that was regis- defendant each contained medicine, poison. their under grade, and finally neither the bottles respectively, article; acid that but carbolic used by them and and the like, as a wash for wounded or was kept by many retail dealers. DEFENDANTS HAVEVIOLATEDSECTION 1763 or SECTION 1764. It is of violating guilty whether that Assembly of' March 14th, section consequence selection, that the adulteration no doubt. the numbering section should ment of the old, It be considered as enacting and nec- formerly numbered the two poison at pages of comparison ould seem, as before was but a clerical leaving q. v.) each other work, ~or convenience of his The compiler the Act of section and has placed are section by implication old and the new, opposite eections,the and 927 1764. 1904 (No. 8 ante, in the Code of 1887, 1764 of the poison to construe and repealing defendants that 1763 or Section Code has seen fit a new poison essary submitted the provisions be Section of Pollard's 926 respectfully error and suggested, and that the new as an amendment and re-enact- the adulteration section as before; I ( l �-14- �-14- but whatever pose of the General certain that in force of as these a.cid, contained the of the against present are Any violation ~ver be now in rorce, is it sections is is now time of the commission these defendants, and, concerned, it immaterial and fourth in the first at least poison The provisions law. as to the pur- regard~ and was at the charged identical. may reach in this other prosecutions ie Courts Assembly and effect, which are the one or the offences the far conclusion of the is so as to carbolic paragraph poison of each, section, a grave menace to the and the Statute which- lives and / health or the community, should be strictly I '· construed and rigidly enforced. "In one sense, every law imposing a penalty or forfeiture may be deemed a penal law; in another sense, such laws are ofeen deemed, and truly deserve to be called, remedial. The judge was, therefore, strictly accurate, when he stated that 'it must not be understood that every law which is, therefore, legally speakimposes a penalty ing, a penal law, that is, a law which 1s to be construed with great strictness in favor of the defendant. Laws enacted for the prevention of fraud, for the suppression of a public wrong, a public good, are not, in the or to effect strict sense, penal acts, although they may inflict a penalty for ~iolating them.' " Mr. Justice 3rd Howard, the to protect apparent", they 1764, ty to retail vs. United public for in question add that health". States, solely medicines to any other or dispense the defenis "to regulate the act is not "Thia "upon the most cursory or dispense to sell counsel and they which applies has no application authority the say, learned of the act of pharmacy", practice Section to the the only object "designed in Taylor p. 210. According dants, Story, is 'having or poisons'. medicines." than of reading to persons persons plainly Thia those authorilaw having �.. �I •t • ' ·, ♦ -15- \ The inspection ly and to Section to ha.ve left Ohapter 78 "Regula.ting under Health", sick, includes or infectious of medicine the of dead bodies tribution for and each of the fifty-two chapters professional is con- "The Public conerning regulating of dentistry; the practice nursing of the and the procuring the promotion pages general- the entire Code, entitled spparate the act of Pharmacy~ diseases, and surgery, practice for the practice 24" of' the "Title to the must have been cursory such impressions, whioh also contagious by counsel in particular, 1764 indeed, tained given and dis- of medical comprised under science; tha.t title I l contains at its letters! head the words "Public "This law (Section persons than It be lawful dispense but without or poisons, of the note that section are any qualification counsel medicines as well posed as well and yet by all as by the the safe-guards of poisons, tra. 1J1elled sale ~having cautious as to death It serious too monstrous for is hard for the strictest to sell or dis- observance of all Section their ignorant free around and un- and inexperienced, and to the evil and jindly. and sorrow to believe such construction authority and trained, the prudent &c., throughout would permit ion would be to scatter is It the or &o., except" thrown by this others,- shall to ttany person", invariably contend "It to sell the prohibitions or poisons" the many and rigid sale to retail, would seriously of persona begins, authority whatever. that or dispense section havinB ', to any other to sell the t'or any person, as would exact the that . in capital in saying no application authority true is worthyof reaminder pense is in error has having medicines it that 1764) those medic1'1les." not are likewise Counsel Health" dis- Such constructthroughout consideration. the land. �\ -lo-- ' ' ~., �These defendants the eequired labels section, prescribed the fourth scribed they paragraph poisonous for a legitimate the facts,- they contained whether carbolic acid disregarded There to by Section of its was to be it about exemptions apply be No. 1763 or No. 1764, is the pre- that the to for have is no dispute 1766 do not and the penalty as affixed assurance are uncontradicted; prohibition they was aware can be appealed the for the purchaser purpose. it violated "B" without his without law and incurred have also be or be not a domestic construction escape; the in Schedule in Section section, aeid of the poison same Section, and without used chants of the whether nature paragraph But they enumerated enquiry carbolic have violated punishment. a poison sold by the first and thus the have sold to mer- to the poison No strained even a possibility "any person". I nor whether medicine. It has haa been incurred. of been That penalty is- 1766 (A) "A fine of not less one hundred dollars", than ten nor more than or (B) "A fine of not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding thirty days or both", according construction 1766 in connection Section 14th, to the with Court the amending may place act upon of March 1904. We respectfully the plain Section 1766 which the purpose 1763, for appropriate to the suggestion of the Legislature and that violation renew the the penalty of Section oases 1763 at bar. to amend the prescribed is that the it poison by Section lawful penalty / was .i ¥ ��-17- DEFENDANTS HAVEALSO VIOLATEDSECTION 1759, as amended by the Act of March 5, 1903, (No. 7 ante.) Th.Rt portion to the cases at bar of this section as amended applicable ie as follows: "And it shall not be lawful for any person to engage in the business or ocoupation of compounding or dispensing medicines on prescriptions of physicians or otherwise, or to sell at re 1 any drugs, chemicals, poisons, or pharmaceutical preparation within this State, without first obtaining a certificate of registry ae provided in this chapter." None of the exceptions have any bearing in the section cases, and so the guilt the charge careful with of violating considera,tion the exemption in Section 1785, It is 1759. pensed drug, poison, clearly or chemical, to-wit- one sale was proven introduced practice circumstances by the of' retail facts as set in the proven out first against show the violation was proven to have sold and without comment, of Secand disa certain Which was at the same time carbolic aoid, provided with in the as required by in conjunction cases, prescribed the of course, registry quoted, in certain that Each defendant medicine the must be deteI'Elined section of 1766. shown not to have been but this submitted aa a matter deadly of' the def'endants the penalty eo.oh of the defendants tion to these or innocence of merchants and contained or application of the language of Section paragraph or qualifications ! a and each defendant a certificate It chapter. is true is of that only to have been made by each defendant, -~ this surround defendants dealers " sale, themselves in their and the testimony as to the general neighborhood, would seem �-st- �-18- ccnclusive that the business the defendants or occupation or But should whether there be any doubt acts the physicians proven engaged"in or otherwise". in the mind of the were within _.., or dispensing of compounding on prescriptions medicines were actually Court the prohibition just I at least recited, showed that the or poison cal tinct it is tin.disputable defendants called provision statute for any person to engage sell at retail any drug9, cal preparations within come within provides cept those poison "none of the hereinbefore) of quinine" ,) and proprietary domestic retail dealers". within the medicines "such prietary is not claimed ia urged nor by the learned is a domestic firmation ex- chapter, original the as are usually kept comes properly and truly by and proprietary the dealees", 1759. carbolic acid euch claim counsel by mer- " such other by retail that sale for is a pro- be maintained, the defendants but that f/ I/ it prevent Section could Th.is section Which have been fully ) domestic kept is de~endanta and 1764 (the acid other violated medicine, 1~ the of this at not both, if provisions carbolic have not It enquire medicines as are usualll' defendants it If terms section, obtaining of one therefore, &c. ******and &c., first 1765. shall to or pharmaceuti- of Section section$ not be lawful poisons in Sectionsl763 and adulteration shall without of this to of the dis- &c. ******or State, remains only contained considered chants thie the exceptions that &c., chemicals, prohibitions and it certain, "it chemi- a drug, in violation that in", testimony the at retail The violation, &c. of the least sell aoid carbolic of the a certificate• did that of that medicine, dictum and they have appealed to the testimony for con- of the merchants, ( ! �.J �. ' farmers is and mechanics a remarkable single fact that time extent extreme say that gested it that not Court, went in their remedy. that so distinct is the testimony the defendants of electricity, ing, the taking the fashionable could be mentioned 1 ment of diseases, such remedies If medicines could within tion, has testified was true, that could and deep breath- of other remedies in the treat- would not be contended considered, intent and purview and a oitizen most emphatically that or even termed, of this of the Board of Pharmacy, experience, sug- the application culture and dozens be seriously the plain was to particular A hot bath, it The of medicine to be efficacious surely The President a man of long in this cure, supposed but testimony of physical rest one mediciae. 1s confidently thie defense. It testified testimony :from that term "remedy" in their It even if trial. ~ was a domestic aoid the for witness ll carbolic was a domestic to the by them upon the one single to which they be of no avail 'I introduced Statute. an expert, of unblemished that carbolic reputa- ie acid ?~c--f not only that it that by a preponderance A a domestic ie unequivocally testimony of the on this7point, leaves the medicine list the list stringe~t poisons outweighed of euoh poisons safe-guards carbolic that around it Section acid it be urged the Commonwealth itself ia included in or 1763 &~d 1764, So clearly did to be a poison, 1mK in .a/section thrown therein. "B", of the for is, but at least Statute as now valid. a:mtx<ia:Jxgamcma pois¥on, mentioned acid in Schedule may be considered that the very wha.t carbolic remedy, It might in number of witneases law making power consider deadly poison. fortunately, of poisons whichever a deadly defendants but, no doubt or even a domestic incorporated filled and a it among by the most the use of the drugs The supreme the and law making power of A ��••. '\ the is State not has declared a domestic be heard will anp person shall that medicine, than violating the provieione I and distinct and decided. though a person found be punished each day, clear yet is any local, crime, under this "That chapter, and upon conviction nor more the said pro- constitute a language under may be crude I consideration, of no doubt, one sale consideration, 1 and on the might f'or more than not one of'f'ence punishment prescribed that all Board of Pharmacy inf'orrner, shall to the under Section ie discussion, 63 of the law for counsel of the urge concluding of the State of Virginia of the fines go to bhe Boa.rd of' Pharmacy, It is Assembly surprising of con- of Section chapter, shall imposed the be constituted by this and the other that ie of of this paragraph this it Constitution, in t1upport under Commonwealth". that the punishment prosecutions and one-half among the many by the General or private language "in Statute tha enactment special the the defendants, for 4, and the leam1ed tention . . the of Article which prohibits ' of admits extenathe contended fou~1to in violation t.ion 1759 of more than the Statute strong and definite. objections the guilty to that It 1766 This It to those under preacriboe shall to the offence is plain similar 1766 ten dollars violated, off'ence." it same day, of than lees are and however and each day that dollars, and awkard as applied but not or any of them, separate of Sec. of a misdemeanor, be fined a poison, is deolaration. paragraph one hundred vision~ that The first shall acid and no testimony to contradict be ·deemed guilty thereof, carbolic sechalf immediately ��• • . t ' -21- following the counsel should State is very suggest Virginia", of a "separate, that plain they special that it as special or particular exclusion of the and the public generally"~ effect the proposition secute that" that crimes may be vested counsel have devoting more attention tutional objections. In answer brief is filed by the sufficient Section 1765, served, requiring abuse, fraud, and report the in which they the that nature, already the Statute seeking and safety. • Court to the and occur, cited of who shall to his first to prevent of the it of the not be ob- it will paragraph into all or of Sec. cases of or malpractice, of this county attention". or essentially offenoeSagainst chapter corpore.tion and prosecute Many of' the show beyond is consti- paragraph investigate hereinbefore in question the ror defendants, or the provisionA Attorney Statute, of Pharmacy substitution / that to the the first "to examine adulteration, violations body,- of such as the conclusion to the to and pro- search for "The Board the Board same when brought cases the as a State Commonwealth's the state in support be intimated to law as startling, examination counsel constituti~ all might remarkable learned a corporation, 1757, to to this of Virginia", State it probably to refer quite power to initiate b~<acursory given a special in a corporation Again and power of the can be found exclusive of Pharmacy". Board is no authority Statute, in any under poltce suggestion the proeeoutors of'f'ences general of the "a corporation", sole of Statute, of Pharmacy throughout of men", class from the "Board termed the to the the ie "constituted are quoted this set The further I language peradventure of a public public health ��-22- The attention to matters sought of' the of a personal nature :for the def'endanta Counsel charge own testimony of the very and under closed either not without only his that By reference warrant in full, and it positive, the testimony there his apparently tives Court for of the that under will be seen that the asked respect part of witness, the President of the Board particular to law. to apologise of argument felt the very to in a case is hopwd, however, the necessity Commonwealth to give that in the Bertram In no other the it but he did in every a note but which to a question seem necessary so voluminous submitted and conservative. in the most minuto duties perceive that in to Mr. with or of any other suggestion so unimportant, will it in response It would almost Court testimony, is asked was careful witness, of Pharmacy has failed and one is respectfully law in such matters. of this perform charge, ~or the de~endants, the defendants, a single as are dis- or in the Court violations consideration, 18 and 19 of the testimony stated the under to show the prejudice though for comply with the statute of' the brie~ distinctly by counsel the of' distinct and p. 17 in the Yager case, witness rully of the Board has shown by in fact in this to pp. and so grave. That is a serious he :failed charged of' the Board of' same circumstances The attention testimony case, the cases. testimony he is of the injustice by the distinguished so palpable, he was guilty substantially case. Avis' that in these filed the President provisions absolutely is that the President in the brief' counsel would not be asked were not to be done to the honored Pharmacy of Virginia his Court that by the representafullest �T '. • �investigation to the many constitutional and to endeavor, its consideration enI'orcement community the crimes as far as of this of which of the possible, to aid beneficent Statute, so largely from the blunders questions depends of the the ignorant, the raisecI_, court in upon the safety as well of proper the as from lawless. Respectfully submitted, I t ��r • I �I • 0 0 �.... Vs ) • Haas, of said. Judge agrP-'3rnent Co'.1.rt, Frirl:ty, Febru.J.ry l5t 11, 1907, 3.J1irs,1:-,,nt to 1: of· Cmm'-3~1. n d I \' x. A /.j Vii tneRst., In 011i.,f' 1 3 J ar.1aR L • A" i ...., 9 10 MOTION BY l)~n1~NlJA'JT 'S COJlF,EL, 19 Willian 18 H. Sip~, 15 20 23 M. F. E. John Plory, rJ. Rolston, w. LiR~.,y, 24 25 27 MOTI0H o-;.,JOJ,,.,!0NWEAL'rH1 8 COUNSEL, &c. 27 STIPULATION AS TO TRIAL OF CASE, 27. A1:::.JP, 1.r3.nc i:~s: H. 1\'. B ~rtr1.n:, Esq. , and J;..e~sr • Si!::,e & H.'lr1'.'i9,, f'r;r Capt. A. B. G11.i~on,fo2: G1~0. 'J. Conrarl, Es:q., 25 Def'rlt. St..ttt-) · 0't::r:'rl. 0f' Phqrm'1tJY, At+:,. ;,·or nou:0rn11e8.lth. nnrt ... �_f 1 • ,·•' I r.:,r• r . ' I ' - . ' I. t .· �+,h•~ circni In t court of' Ho~king11a1it county;. co11u.onweal th U9on a99Bal v, ). Tho a Justice from of t~e Pe~ce. P. Yae;..-.::c. '3.8 Transcril)t H'3.3.S, Judge of of the said testi1::ony at .,o•trt, the oft:' .,::":l'~-before ~e'3.rin(; on Prid:U', Juclse Febr T. l'U'!' 1 15t. , . \ l907. Geo. APP:gARAH/JBS: N. /JOll:::''3.'l, ES'-1.•, At .... ,orll8Y ·the A. • G-uigon, Pharmaceutic3.l onu::on.1'FY1th; and ..,· pt. A t+,orney for t,he Virginia Al3SOC 11.tion. APPEAR.Al/JES: H. VJ. Bt~rtram, Esq., ::i.nr:i.i-,t~88r9. Si_!)P- ~~ At :orrn-1ys for +.he r1.ef1-mn:-1nt. Har:i::-is, S. B. beini STRICKLEH, ttly sworn on b1➔ hal-C' o:f th!:! Coirn.1orn'v,11t:1, Q Yo1r n~m., 113 s. B. , t ickl,r? A Colle~e, Yes, in tJiq A Q T. P. M~y, 1. 06, 001 nty? YP,c;, sir. l r. Ya;;i-;r sir. Strickler, 1 9 citore, c!'.l.rbolic or ·nin.? of H:::>. 'l'. P. y, r;e!.·, on +,hµ, 14th d1.y of' �\. �--2-- Q ThiR Vi8.l ha8 o P nn-1:-iirrt, P. Y1.g,r, Q A H, ~. nam~ th, q this of Fr Y;:,o-er's - '.A LJ thin.z cL,rk 3.bout On the Q Penn-18.ircl Q HOVI A pur ch ·:1.'3 e ? Five 1 t.,~::::-rn..--:J8.n on Ac··ct., thi9 11 and ~oit,e lqhel? Rtore? it. 14th m1 rn' Loo e Car. "Tho ns Fr_ n'k. Suter? f.' hiq, Q r.k '7::r'itiH_: on it: clerk. Q or any ::1_,n1k Siter. Vq_. Wh·1t rl.oe'3 the l:1.b 1 wi J-,h t,hi, it f ,tqy is dirt. 1':l.qt. in thi~ 0 pg_y fo c~nts. M'3.Y? county, this i~ a.,irl it, not,? th·-1+, y011 c;ot:, of' hil,,? ��( S. B. S tri<:~klt3r. bottle ) --3-- e~ to ~o? w~8 ~~live Q ert to wa. ther,3 yo 1? A Q the 'rh:i_+, if'l A Q si.I'. Ho, YeR, Ann. triP- icl•=.mtic2l bottle which rlaliver.-yl W'iH to you? sir. conttmts qq_n,-=i that 17!'-'1"1 r .-~1iVf'l:.".'f:<to you at, th·--1_+, st.ore? Yes, A sir. CROSS-EXAMINATION BY HR. SIPE. XQ You A you Dirt you ~itho1t i -~i':i.8 not, 13.beled '3ir. Dirl 'T<)'l c;,~,~ t.h ··:1t •JottlP- 8.10'1lr]_ Yt~s, yo "l)ot tle XQ Dirl A XQ Yo A t al 1 wh0:r: i +, b8 cleliv r./i. +,o :f'i l led? 8ir. 1 BP-8 } Suter, r. no 1'r, lJOur t_lij tle? A 8. label? Ho, Did bot+ 1~ req_,_1;c;t -+:,rnt th~ A A XQ the N0, sir. XQ XQ bo th,3. t ~'1. I d.irl. YO'l. I ~!e hi1:1. g~t it ~3.Vfl t SU:?]lierl Yes, sir. to 1~h,~ ti1,; 8if1PtY bottle? r1im. r)ot+le ::, O' 1r f-3/jlf? crmtents in-to i:.rH} �) �--4-- (S.B.Strickler.) Yo e pty t,11:':l t vial XQ gave And yo him :1.n em:9 ' anri via sk n.ir:1 to i: i ,,t _yo·1 :fl.3.rl? h3.ri no l l'lbel it? 0. 110, 8ir. XQ Well, dirt yo 1 .1 reriu st '1 to be ~)nt on it? said. at 8.11 !1.bont th, lqhel A No, sir. XQ Wa8 any thing label? A Ho, 8ir. XQ yo·l Wh'3.t di,t c:·:1.yto I ask.P,1 hir'.l for A XQ Di~ Y~l han1 A nv }')OrJK.P, A nicl<eJ!s th~ vial 1nri. th·1 +, e .,mpty vi· . have H,1 riirin't q y he rlid it In'.iica+.er,_ XQ He indic~ted A a .rl'itt•~n 10r t ti'3 wortn of ca:rbo1ic or cid, to ~ill? ri.iri. not, hq_v, t th~ c;tore? 01 e I e.J.vt3 11 iu on•~ t. He h!3.d no XQ Dirt h~ had not '1 hir:l When I :ro A Q aRkeri. to tJn + P,f':f'ec t. some thin,2; :Q ~"18TI you cid? c:....rbolic I h-:1.rl in su1:.ar 1;lr. ~ ·'tbO l '3.11.Y h1.11rly not in l1ave any ern:Jty vi ls? c:orne "'18.Y. he riid not that anyffhe have 'lTIY ~12ty vials? 01.rbolic cicl Yes. Then yon wo :proriuced. 1lti not 13.vµ, :;ot-l:.en thB vial y urs1)lf t not c,qy th.at, the vhich yo 1 if you a '3kt-3ri. him to fill f'ro :99.cka.'.?:e? A I 0O 1 1l 1 bec3., s 3 e nia.y have :rm nri an empty bottle. XQ acid What vn:~ :po ired was tht-~ si:::., into your of' t.h~ vial. V8G9el OU t of' 1'lhic:i-i th~ ca bolic ��--5-- (S.B.Strickl•~r.) A XQ ciri? to b11y it. XQ And. 1_.ho yo 1 'N'i s ·1e:t in th , BO'i i o .,... L Ph a:r.macy for· 0 t ere? ObjP,ct,wl to obj,ctio11 'l'3 d ..,fenrtan XQ, You have vrn. · that su_J_ lied A But, t. t11at yo1 to you by th~ the Plficed Board. on this bot,tle Yo thos, tions ti.ir0 in have instrn0+,ions did I don't th0y ~~re wh,t~er XQ Mr. ern:ployed. by all8,'.';ed :1ri tine? 1 Strickler, the this fror.i severql or not. i!'.3 it, not Boar,t of Pharmacy Corumomrn •l th vii th, law by anr' q to fact I don 1 t knmv doz~n. t}nt obtqin ~oing Strickler? Mr. hovr nt!-3.DY tr11-3r,~rr8re. reJ.L!Jr)P,r of' th~ anr 1. exc ~l)- o·:1.rd of Pharmacy the ··r~r __,yo11 su_p::_Jlied co1nted inf'r:1ctiong of lal1nl; label? XQ Horr nt1ny 'f)ottl8R A this of' Ph·.ll'i. · cy? Ooje':'!ti~rl. to 3.R ir:!:'el ,vqnt; sust·-1in8d, tion noted for +,h1~ rlef~nclant. 'Q :9olic1r; notJd for sir? were firf'1t, beinG cor.trary +,o public ~1st~ined ~nd sx00ption st'it~ri. Which, XQ Yes, Parts 1··_r1 yo~1 are per:rr.anently in:forrn'l tion to uerchants ':l.'3king to :!.J'trchase in cA.rbolic o:f these r5.iff'er•~nt acid �\ �( S.B. Stricl<ler. --6-- ) anrt. other <tru2:s? no, A fli..,-•, not perrn-ne tly e!:,ploy'Jrl. XQ Pharma y? not employer!. by tn~m n w. mission? A XQ I don't Did you purch9.'3es of A his 1<n0•.11. not k0~~ ~ r~cord of thd stores you visited? 0ha '3.ct,8r? i:i f'ty Betwe~n I rl.or. 't kno,,, +,h8 anr::.. s,wenty-f'ive. nru,1bi-;r exactly. the "Ftme bu'3ine'3s, l)y th"3 .Bo'lrrl of Phar1 cy? A I was. A A1 t~rnta, A I rton't co·nTtY anti XQ in Well, A the Sh~n::ir,r'i.oah, Lourt.onn, Prince r•m.,1mber, otht.n' about I c:lnnot 3.t Wil.li'3.!'n, Alex 11. co 1 mti\:!!-'i mentioned? h0Vl tell rnany? ~ro 1 about o·•r m:m!'. Several hundred. n- ��--7-- e e- q l h1 n XQ A XQ ..:i:·P.<t? Betw~•~n two 13.nd three Bo·'\rd of Ph·:1rrr:icy wi ti1 r~ A.r'1 to yo J.r 0 A T venty-:fi cents anti. fi:fty on eac cover Y~tr travellir3 A Ye""'-, ~ir; contr·:1ct 8xpe~qes th· s r;ql'lry, 'v •·Lvice: this your two rtollar'3 and and other ivt~rB ,:?'iir:l. ex:L ses ex~dns~s? · _ ,i t}1if' ~,2. :iO Pharnacy. of e9res,-mtd0. thi '3 Boqrri. '3al~ry, Was +,his XQ How rnueh , irl YO'J. rac .,i ve? xr~ I rlon 't ex:::,ense~ 1<no';• t1Ltt, Hav,~ you rec,~ived A XQ YoTr rec:11lt of A Ph rrnacy in m,:ikin.:_: thi!3 No, P,Xceyi: i0:r: -ro:-,~r~_Hf'e1 ,t .._nt. snst:1.incd; XQ A or you? -1it,}1 1 Obj 8C tion; f:,:,om th., t,he nd two dol1ars a ,.o t_ '3alary oi: m:r expense9 all The Soard XQ \I o XQ :for 'Ii th conviction? A t1e oo ~85. to Who ~r.1s to XQ salary .1.1.ve ~oriviction. :for flR~h XQ And _ron. receiverl pen. 2tion 11r3.Y. '-7o,i.lrt r~01.,::_J~11s-1t,ion 1101::..,:1rsa month TP, I 1,vh t 3.1"!.'arc;P,rn1mt difi. YO'l St.ri0klf~J', Anr.L, Lr. hnni.red, 8.Tirl. Rt 01r1 .iR 8i on 1Jaid t,o you? ·1.ll. !J.ny hL;; on 3.J~o,u1t of' Jo1wictiorn-3? sir. corn:!_Jt-jns,-t tion, penrlin,'.?; YeB, 'Iha t dirl t 1en, :!:)roae'3riin[;s; Ni tl1 reg ll"''l to 1:,h3.t iq con iction i9 a f1.Jt, , arui i~:. not? c::L. yon do 'Vi th thP- V3. io 1 1c; rIT l[:;S th1.t YO'l 911r0'11.3. c;ert m r...,_ 1nt. ? Objection; XQ Well, rrhqt +s 1St'linHd; ,u,1 Y01l r._o 'Vitri exc~.)+,ion t.lP. cqrboli :for (l~fenr\.q1 t. �. , �--8-- (S.B.Strickl;_.) say _Jurci1a y01t XQ Wllg_ t, rtiri yo·l . in 1) OX, h..,vLIJ-.,.-' 8. Ke~t it in q box XQ Mr. Avis iB f:1. XQ Ha'3 he XQ th'3 box Jh~n A X \I at of' is 'l :r. it salf bottle thP, Mazistr"I. te The fact m:1t t~r of Mr. Can not M..• HAB'US: It ltH. COlUl.Ail: I it a~t8~ q~~ in ~l~n~rt 1 !'3 1 B not court. Yag~r bein~ a regist8:r8d of' lJr•Jof GUIGOi~: Secretary onn1-:intion 1'.'i th +,he State q~e? KR. the B sore. H'U'risoni::.nrg? R~e + is You c..q_noff THF] OOU'{T: wr~ L 1 Avi9 in MR. HAH:-{IS: MR.. OOlmAD: 8 18 • Avis? in yo 1 1r MR. GON_AD: PhJ.rrnaci ~t i~ Mr. 1 l oRi tion yry1 fir8t ~i~ I AV i j'll:_1". • !:lir. ch·1r~e ir i hare <tr11g2;i 9t -'lTIY o:ffici Yes, t, P ,... ,,,tr'J e?. I , ·0 ~,.i t. 1 1 it,? A A to lJ. + }CJ_!_)Jt I A , • "h m tt~ 1.;111s •JOt+l J .• e -'"'~ .'., ... ,.,_. r11.r.-. Ya"'-",,_ in '3f:Vl ,T.• th.-1 t !)roof,9.nd fact i8 11Gre1-:Jcl;but co,11,1. 119.Ye har 1.fit~ c;o in t,h·, of' the Bo'1rri We will ) .Secretary tt.J O t t the or qua sti0n of' Phqrra'lCY :Ditt lt::1'.'. Avis to it. 'an ae;re1-:Jrl.? I WA.nt l·+, to emanate Yo l Cl)'.11,~ wri Sta to not object vill 1 t,he fro state ':Ulri for 1·,arrl anrl have on +.h~ 8tanri . _ig '1.1,:;_prov,~ :1 ~ron Bo3.rd it 8.1: 9• :P.r it �.' �--9-- (J::1s.L.Avis.) St3~e for or of Virginia? A All A I g_m in my 8ixty-second sixty-t~o r1y lift3. year. ye~rs? A Oh, no, b1t A Ye'3, since I waF, olrt eno 1 i.~h -- a out forty not? Q lihJ.t is Q State, A Q your yo if' in thi!3 Laird, c:;ir. officin.l co1nr!ction kno'v, 1'7h8ther hr. t co 1mty, He is a rP,giste1•i~,1 it? Thon1a~1 P. pharmacist Yar;er, of Penn- or not? not. Carbolic acid A c:iir. is it? Ho, i9 1,fit,h is not a :P:!'o~?rie t3.ry me11.icine, c11:0tain Av is, �\ ' \. .. �... --10-- (Jas.L.Avis.) it lei Q poisons rlome9tic :l is re~1ire~ remer'v -- rl_or.•eqtic to b8 91t, on carboli meriicine? acid. Ans 1:rer 19 objf:l'Jt•Jri_ to, beO'll 8'~ 'l ~nr'l not,~ ~t~t~~~rt of ract. but s t.-J.t,e i 'i:. A Q her~ +.o give st'l es of' this Pre::;are they arnl a riorn.,:-3-t,ic r? it. •~virlence and. not mi=.n•~ly to · n8 rnr strictly country prohibit <tllo ni- it ao consirl~r the to b8 qolcl 'nl1~ o:f carbolic 1h1?n the 11 T3Y h 1L acid pnrch'l ser of' it, a W~'lke-r pre9aration any 11 t+,le to rri.u•Jt in its r:...,k~c:i kno"'m hil? 1.•:ant • HATFUS: iG in it? gra<i.e of c·1rboli~ acir'l. of' a v 1'ffY ;:;oori c;r~.rle. acid. i 9 :!_.,::~: in ted. not a solution, acid it I w~1l~ only air, rerne rJ_0SS-E>C/\HINATI01I carbolic aq of' lrvr ,nt Plir. A d i!'3 not, No, it I 'm0.P,r 8 t::inrt Yee:;' A 8.Gid; 'l ':3 9t'.ltf'3!. I ts Thi c:; is on.or what 1 10 tlcl inriic>'t te that it ic:; kno •m as co:r-it·:erch:i.l is not carbolic �• \., ; j , ' "' ·, , !' , 1 _,_ , ff•' �( Jas. L .AviB. --12-- ) Ci'3.l." XQ J t are C'3.llwi. by th8 m' 11nrl.erBt~1nding V'3.X'ieties ()Tl•; stat8~ s ucom~erci~l A c•)!:u~erc ii' You h3v0 known XQ rei·1l use, a_ d Ro are th,1+. the l8Wl l:)y those thqt th~r0 rorr1. ucomrr..ercial arP, faniliar h is 11 11 med th the 111i it. of XQ ~cid it yitl)lic; ,1 [j::::'an.es? 11 uCOITll'.L!'1Ji•1l :Lt iB not tr1:it hey riot i1 conJi:.on con Well, Is 11 th8r•3 o-t: t"riis grad.e, th'J. +, i:.hey ar c'3.~~olic or self ~r, ~e of c~rlolic +,hos,~ grarl~s, in .1:.·"1r~_ ,'3. •:1 a)er inct.ic3.+,ive morF! c0:11':10nly used J a chea.~~ a~ict. 11 '3.Tf; !'JijVf;r noi:. +.hP, +,P,rm i is of' t,he 9.nrl., i9 0orri1.:erce th 'lD cor!um it not tse q in f'1.~t -t:,hP,pure c--irbolic aaid? the •10rri 1 c01:u..erf:!i•1l 11 11 I <to not th'l t i +, iB kno'vn gnnerB-lly XQ aslting it I '.lff; how it · s not desi~n3te carbolic ..,ot tri-1t Rolrl A no+, a9king ache a <J cor.t'·.erci·1l you ho'.7 it tern in comr: erci8. l W~ll, 9er it 1.73.nt to be unrl•;2'· +.nod ac-i 9ayine i·rnr::. if, known, ':i<3 ·1 1 but tte:r I a of fa1Jt, rarL? if-3 a term gr~~e. ii:; r;1;ner·111y tr:i.rl.e, in 8-Ciri. __,ener·1lly And it q99lies used in -t:.h;; t:i·ad.e to to other ~oo~s b~ irt acid. XQ B 1 t <to yo 1 t kno17 wh~ thtjr for years it ha'3 l'),j<jn co:: '.U)nly s �' . �--13-- (Ja . • L.Avis.) th, cou::on"!r•nl v-at'i.t~ thq_+, of' o farmers anti in thi~ it, by t1-J.e rn1:::rchat,t'3, for domes ic co,1nty as part1c,.1la:rly, IB not p1r9oa,3'3? thq t, a .,i c3.rboli fg_ct, hr. '.1 Avi8? ell A s~ll it, , f'or -- I do,not kno.,v any thin al)out 0 +,h:1.t. aeid? A Merely thil ~;_' of t,h'lt XQ T aboit is md h8n ho1.1. es, it a ve"I:y comr:-.on 1:=ie for i-Iot use, a eo!nE,on US8 it Do they A X'l It qould but it in is t.11,1 used. to Mr. state ancl Cd'3s-::_J0ols, .,ount~.r-? "by 9. r;re'l+, m-'ln~,r on th8 Avis, effect o~ that s::9:r:inklf~ n1 o'mr~ h•~n ho't88S 1 A Wel 1, 2;rarie. som'3 othwr XQ B 1t '/O'tlrl_ A And designed I mi:3rit I have or ucn +,hato to 9 ff·er ·uiy inj 1 tr;r '1•Jid? a. })e1:')on wo11.ld if' for bnsineo,q . 0rses o·i~ horses? ~ny ca9es. would. ~ro11 .·enri. tl18m th::,.t grar:8 XQ 8ho11lrlf3:rs USf:3d COl.l!.,8!'(;i•1l C9.l'bolic inforrn~tion XQ a risky ':'lVf:3r kno rm any A I cqnnot uJner~l on 3:allen be 1 H:1.ve you fro1:1 havin;: is 1 hen houses. XQ acid ar kinn. ·1-1:, A to sprinkle P, of of ,nri. +,o you f0r 8 ~rboliJ ~oods. soJ,lH c.1.rbolic ac; a diqinf8Ctf'lnt rJ1313q-:p00ls -:ct t,h,~m that, c:;,-wer-11 th,J."':. ~r~de o:r· claq~ ::1.ci(l? or I mit t Rer;rl +,hen ~r des. of c·1rbolic :1.1Jiri anB 1¥t=Jr th1.t 9nr~)ORe? Ye:-;, Bir. 10uln th 1 '3.t to b~ 1sed? be t'r'L pur::_J0 !3e fo:t' "L itJh tn:1 t era de of acid �,. ' . .: \ ' I ,_I , \' ',, ·-r ... 1_' ' . ' I �r • (Ja .L.AVis.) --14-It A 1 i"3 tri~ 1bo b 1 :r XQ But carbolic to to th'3.t v11.icri i-t is ,'.;8ner··illy nrl }'1i8 1en ho11c:ie or pur::;io ~ir, I wo 1 1.lrl eitl-18r he rna.ri'e knovm carbolic exactly. kno ."l Well, They XQ th '3.t hil:3 !) 8P,nd ~ U!.'8 f _m o-f !)Oison b':3 as Mr. Avis, J2:.. would c;om or to Jrale or +, •:: n~P- o-r it. ~if~erence the "'linilar ~ ~01 carbolic a.cid. th~ pure c3.rbolic ouJ.d an•::iu~r tln.t bet7~Jn Which in acid or bolio I 9'1:' thqt Avis, acirl. i '3 '1 +,hat orrlinarily bee iro1'1 m:1.ny rlr0.9g I 'Jll•:rntion cone:;irl~r ..y_ 11.ear'l.l:' poi c,ons. th·.1- -1:,1,1,~ orrling,ry 1 of lJure ted 1:1or•~ 00ncentr'.l .'0 1..o not 1 'lnr:l rl ,ari.ly cid.? corre.:~r-0i:1l gr3.n.e of' the ,h, i-., nsert 1s•~ it af'l a (lr 1 g__,i9t c rboliJ :rmr., C'lrboli:1 rnBrl.icin·:1 lly, a0i'l. '.l-~i anrl 00,1.lrl. b,, 1. 0·tlrl not t. e 911.r, tak8 cnff11Y, s - me,acine? A Well, acid on 1 t kno•:v th'3.t I 1.rP, 111 i:-L1.ri.ly :poi9on :Q f'or him th·:lt that hir1 n1;-v', k1 o·n- !)OBe -- · nr~. th!-1 9ure acid YO'l '38.Y, TIO"!, Hr. A -- gra~e? cor.~erci'3.l A not I "10·1lrl '3e? th., more 0O110....-ntrat~d i:or1r1 of poi<Jon, the by cess-:s:iool, v,oulr: you senrl XQ You ~ave ~ec::;cribe~ at som~ l~n3th commt-3rcial r,ut in yo 1 n~ profec::;ciion skillwt ac:i a disin:fectant, Yes, A if 11ser'l f'or. g,_mrin~ to yo l tn c::;:9rtnklfj aro. ~,3ne:rqlly '3.!'lfFl'•!r 1 be il"l i + not? it, he i8 :3.::!id gr'.lde, purpos:i,~ an ex:rJ~l't rb:'it.:;~ist Pl1arnr10y, c19er1_ ou.r:1;11. t to it Th'3.t rro 1 1lti r:1,'11<.~ ,n~ r.n:,cP.a c::;t:it•~1ant th1.t A b~ •:1h::-1+, T at XQ per·;ons 18 'r)e ·3.bo I ~19~0~e, t th~ or~insrilf, aver:1 6 , dose. n~ d op of' ~1r carbolic �., j • I \ I L , ! 'IH' L.• (. 'I ,- f ·J - ·' (.' _i ' ..l . r ' �--15-- (J. '3.L.Avis.) XQ x3.mined one only '.'Bl ..91J, 1.n to 1J0t.1l s1.m2,Jles which A c· rbolic Well, clo · lsinei:,s irferior ju~gmJnt, A th•~r~ si:r, Yee;, sir; only as ic; a good r_t-J tl 3. 2:00'1 it e you har1. 01 ve want put ':3t~t} • 1 to H<-3 YO'lJ'.' ~ 1 rieal of' e coM~ercial up in h'l.nrtlect. by the ~·1·1.y of erchants t ,,1i th n.rug::;iRts. rlirec grades ~ t here, exhibit~rl TherP- is 'cid. wJ o d.o not are is t'11 t, oft. rt•o9 1 ,8 t l·=tn And JO t t. inlc. that of acid? c'l.rbolic I r•3;;•un_ bot:h ::J.9inferior :i:-11rtes of c9.rbolic acid. And yon. s1:1y thii t ... ,_f~ ordin1.:::.·/ graries ~ morP- de!:l.d.ly th cont3.in grg_ es MR. SIPE: acid c3.rbolic acir1., chens~ it .;011lr1 1 n thA :P,trP, era.rte? ot} ~:r c,1 tbst, ( Int W'3.''l not nces Jr!]Oflin._,) i1 2,Jri:!inated 1hic'rt are 1 Then ':l',l9 be so :.9oisonons the 1·rnrri "imI)re~naten. i-f less th~ c3.rbolic inj--1.rio t!'-3 il rpuri ty .Poisonous as the 11 -t,o "dil of y11re 1ted. 11 acid are to · nm3.n life with r,hich +.ht, th1.n th~ c3.rbolic article? I 17ill ��( Ja 1. L .Avis. ) m:ight b•.3 diluted with 'l'h :.n you XQ nd bi~ or.:90 XQ Is O , y ':l :)OiAon. qu~stio. Tile ,A, 91fb'3t.q1 is., rn·ilrtn '+ the id.!'\.~ i +, vonlr Avi9, g_re fe.r1 ;1;~orl mi-my that q thi1 ~s a ':3 Jarbol ic poi~ono,rn q9 th•~r.-i mo__fl :9oiB01 ons. tlldr.1~ arB th,lt, th· t r.i 0 ht '30I:P- ":.. in~ in t:Lid? 9.r1~ P,r1 t8.lly '301::., 0-f +JHn mor~ 90. XQ IR stores, the o 1 l· r. ',i1~, ,q, gre".l.t ~<.) th n th•~ cg_rbol 'J ac;iri.? th- t :.,.re ~n~od.ucts A :!.)Oi'3onon9 11~99 th:'¾.t ct, a f not pharmac011tic~l so; ·-1. 00 ipo11nd it v13.q ?:lii:;11.t bf'! riil1 +,t~d vith it Well, chemic~11 'l ".'i th +,h'l+, unrJ..-)r<1t 1Y)ii. r::y qw~stion. 1~91:::; :!.JOi9OI1OUS A forn thine; !301!10 h'-1.V:; not ,,.~-r ! r;_ilnt,wl it if --16-- it gi::ner· cop9er2s de9.d.ly Mr. it b 1 lt o.monn , o-r soln tion XQ ecl th·1t ·1. b~ i +, no, '1 :farmi::; re1 erties soirt ·1.bout -'-,hr1 anrl a •; a ,::;re·:it uany in •1.1)m~R Is 9oi9ons? l)Oison. 'l ir, sol 1 11:.ion in 'l dJ)q,~ 11011l<i.1),~ f2 t,.11? '3.!1Y borty likely of co~.)ei-·as H01:1, i~ th8 thBr,; not i +, is ~oruestic t1. Aviq? 1"/0'llti w11 Jo:99eraq Well, in a1Y1. 1.u-1ert on lly, a ~oison, H01.v A t~qt ,o mtry, poison, XQ a fa,t of' th~ +,1-1,1 ::ci.,o::_Jld not no~ 1'70'11 11 t8Xt:J 9. "l f'f'icient to ma_:•~ '3. f'. t,:-1.l rlose. fq".}t, 2:r1::1t r::St.nY ::;;.:('o~:irietary thTt 11a i, lHtrnt and racP-ntly rliq0ovr'!r- b,'!rm 1w~dicint-~s arr~ neari.ly oi -:::;ons? 'Q Is it not en. to b•:J })ohrnns a fact, Lr. proprietary -- Avis, that r..e<i.ici.nes and. rlru;:; storP-!3 in H.ockir1r~har, co,rnty A No, sir. , strictly exactl X In ~1kin3 I rio:r11 t kno 11i sold no 17 out th•~ '3tores of ·-i.nrl Jl9ewhere? th'lt 8peq_1<.in~, a!1 d~8.ri.ly a so~1tion t ey h·:1v~ hP.en d~r:1on9trat- I am aY1ar8 of t,h'lt f11ct, poisons. of C'lrbolic a~iri 'lnd ~iter for rtis- �r • .. J . . ,. .. '· .. .,. ! �--17-- (Jas.L.Avis.) 1n:f'aotant sar P, _purpose -_p11r _.,ose, A, in wonlrl. yo th8 1. ~fi!'.18 l)lace th8 sol tant \ hic'h tion XQ to 1··tF1.8 pro1,ertiea A If yo '7() lld a!:I a pnr•J I Himt +o yo,t t,l1,; q the1·e violatert is !.r. THE Av anr:::. th,; ll'•3 C>i:!'.'1:,ol.ic :ioid th.nn is? c:;rarl•; of' the ·1cid I 7'1.'-'1 tRin~. of' acid. c;rariri for qome cg_rholic a-:;irl, a e;r:Fld Hr. anri +,~stinony rel'lte8 in- ~h~ couwr: provi8ions Your OJ-:' to the no 9P.n·1l+,y ir::.poBw'L 1.oon none of y use0_ :f'0:!.' +.,h·~ sir. Yes, AXcl,1.rtP, '111 of' th•~ 'Tl ter, o. l. ()_'), intenrLd of' ty of nore A ~ot nee~ sarily XQ '}Uanti mot.ion St:-ickl~r content him c;o rmch th9 bottle o.r the st:1tnte of sai~ is, of or· r.h.-1.t q of bAi~G hP, ·:-ias act. t l'l.t one 'ivho i8 not a J>~::i;is- �) �--18-ter11ri 1~ not :ph'3.r .-1,::i9t me c_ ·:.int t ...,,rLfen 1R. 9.nt is SIPE: to c111bject 1i+, in 1ot ~ant ie +,:rv~!_)FF1'llt;y; ~o OV8 strike to 1 ttrnri, t,htj Co m.,onvv,~~1t'h h8. r; in t:-con. Yar; ,r is not a onl:' m1t ~ll of th...,, +,h , t q'ho''IinG H:i:-. exc~~)t a r...,,9;i8t,1-; 1-:;rl 9,1arJ118.Ci, t. MH. GOHHAJJ: or ijJ the You do lo of the :f~ct MH. HA11:1.Is: MR. SIPE: we'll th h bAin13 l'.)I'OViRionc:: of' +.he a~t? Le evir'J.,jnce acid th·-it rl.eny, ·'3.!'3 introri•.1~ed meanl:l th·3.t this i<, C'lrbolic to Strickler? 8'lle r1_oe~ not Our motion It then, on t,hos, evirt~nc, the t,_\·1t, !Gean th'l points i t ·1t 8.11. ,hich 'th 1~ co::u.1on- i. ::-e1~~v1.nt 'lnri q irn..1'1:t<·}::r'ial. tion tion in act th~ merch.-:1nt -but that i:f the1·e regi'3ter1~ a:9~')ly to not ctor~9 ther1-; i8 i , then thP, of ~ale no !'.)i:::n•1l ":.y att3.ched it d.oe~ not ·199ly c r olic qci y 'l +,o th,~ ::.n"ohibi +,ion, to mFJr0h"l.nts who ar"1 r.o t i. _ h,1.r1.a3.cists? MR. SIPE: The motion Ye9, spe·-li<H for sir; i tsdlf; i-t i.' brnt,rni :fnlmen is o 1r po<::i+,ir)n. iF: o., recorri. it 'l'J.JSTI :IOHY O~J ~ EHAL? OF D:F.:FtJJIJJAN'r. V!ILJ,IAM H. Q ,..n.at A Q Rockin~ SIP}~, 1)µ,inG f'irc;t, •wor 11, t~1c.;tif' iert a c, :follm, i:'3 yo·l.I' ocr;1tp8.tion? I a.1, Ho~·r long '.l h'3.Ve y,) l. be ;n in the ll,f-:3:cchantil1~ b11siness in 1:.11..co·1n+.y? A Abo1t t~Hnty-:fiV9 Q Have yot is ().Uly con~10 0ond10'ted uffi1ally A I h1.ve in ~8'3.rS. ed ~ b1Rine~s storeR 80nducteri. in 'i ~hts goort th2t is r~th~~ larcer than county? 9izwi business. I -:.hink it s; �.• �--19-- ( Wm.H. Si~)P,. ) ~ Let me Y .,9, A can Q freq_u,Jnt ch<3.ng~ th q_1•~~tion c:onri'1.ct, ·1nd 9i~. l88 of' o:i.rbolic acid in th~ way of A no ~ro,1 lit+.le. st·-i.+,e 1.vhetri,31' +,hA l),0.:.,1•~ of yo·, disinfectant, /:-1. Ye~, 8 It ir. +,he cor.J .. nity :for dornaqti., sprinkling is 2_J1rl')oses o~ h~· generally in 'N ich in r.JR+,+,ers of hm1'38S and cesq-~ools, to 11,fJP,r:, of' r.w +J,.~ be~t knowled,2:e. the use c:irboli of ho-..ises in \ hy, I m•~9.n to ·r-1h1.t s:1y, to or B0!1~a tir.e~ sor:1e thin~ of i+, in vn.+.er. hor.1e, ancl ke~p Now, 'i bottlP- •,m·1 :for of 1t ri tell sores; iR t,}'11~ it is it used? your of nit t11e fg_rm thi-:: , th::1 t it· if' I kno. J'.'oom all <::1 "l h0riv3 th~y He 1. ir:11;ort·u1t very sto}~e anr:l hav~ in +J11t kind, at home, in that extP,nt kt~1-j_ing 8.nd peo ~l~ places; s.toulcier, J~he beRt 1 t!.':D0'3e'3 aro ic :;:J domes I haVt".l considered 1 it, fo!' 'lCid for /e h'1.ve be,m A c:1 l ls to county? thi!3 A Q ~F-:me:>:"11ly 11s,~rl, i on f~rms? knowletiJe, their SJY it And you Q '.'l'J. 9 h, 1 se for 1·ro.1lr'l. Get rl. aro :tncl a sore woulrl 1'rar t to ::_Ju-I:, nor:, orn.~r•-Y'i. 80;.18 o:f t.h~ t,ir.~. '.:l.t m.r o'."in �r ~ \ J I' ' I • • I' ( Wra.H • S i pe • ) --20-- �(Wra.H.Sipe.) --20-- 'l:ro h0US89 in-i ._ M th e coun ,J._., • -;, t.,....r? Ic• i· t not, ... a f~>e:t t,h::d, +.h,jy V ,l'Y :fl'f}- obse:rvqtion? V8.tion, only but :f':rom irrfP,:rence qt it to believe+_ i'3 1'3e1. Y i H. GUIGON. OROS -EXA1.fINATIOIJ 1:!.~. Strickler bu.r No, A THE COUHT: carbolic acid, ·-:111y ~ 1roolic f'ror.r. yo ? ciir. I U!rl.e1·stanrt YOU to say t.1·1t :,o,, <'ii gener~lly? Di,j A Yes, A no, sir, no<; that an:v C::ise ag1.i:r:8t hac, 8Ve:r been acid I kno•• of. l/o; I cton't r.,e. +.h· t? HR. HAR::{IS: St.ricl-<:le!" SP,lJ. sir. XQ Sir? tell not Yo 1 l. C'lnnot bo~:ti': t, oa:rbolic A.cii tell qt l'lhg_t hi 9 YO l - e rd. '3-t;ore. t,hink t, ,re ��(Ylr::.H. SiJe. --21-- ) he3.r8 ...y. tion. THE COUH.T: No, I ,, n 1 t think t,h·it ':1onlrl "bt! XQ Have yo1t ·::i.ny in er•1~c:t in thtj o t coiw; Part whether by I might t11.e dP-ci~ion o ~J:!'0::) 1::r, YOJ. cas 1-; hBr.,? of thiB th1.t but r;o1.11-H1 f'ror:1 hHar8!lY bt=3aff' ~ct~d. of this case, is it not'? herl3? of Lierchants are XQ Hav8 yo inte:res 1 ted. cont:ri' uted to·il/ rds the •~x:9enR,j o~ rl_~-f~nrUn;~ this C9.'3e? XQ Whe th•Jl' :.'OU r'19.V ►3 aareed to, OI' r'18_VP, rlon~ it 1 f-~ither one. �:r • I ,. ,,c .. . ,. ' ., .r '1 t ' ,. ,, ,, •' .' .. �•\ - • f ... . (Wm.H. S i~Je. ) tine he waci p1rrcl1·:1sin[; carbolic acid :f 0::1 ti1~r !. J'!: J'11.!1ts, n-=td~ a Strickler XQ Anri yo .IT to be rH9ortcrt n:1m13'ia" for selling in th~ liRt carbolic of merchants in thB qci~? A RJt~-DLU~0T EXAiHJTATIO_ st: lf'? RRSUMED 3Y M:1.. ,.)IPE. crJ L ty �.. �.. ' --23-- Q est to Is the it ffierch11 MR. A IS: Q not a :fq,ot <ol1a. t +,O,, i,~rch ·rn ts ts I riirl not Vhert:! rlo Yon live? 9qy ~ny s 1ch thini. o:f +,hia Go u·;onm,.<1 th �-, ' ( .,, \ \ J ,· �--24-experi,~nce concernP-0., i I A Q ciir; Y1':lq, Will A any kind !JUt Ri-~,1.it I 1. t v9.ri0 kP,P,:::; it k~•~::_) it +,o +,'1,~ court OJ 1 tci yo 1 ,e.· l!irf sive, I usert rnve '!_)it t anrl I have often shoulders it I rnar1.13of Q Mr. it, is t,hB aeirt ·1cid you have ob'3•3rved? el 1, :firv. it geriP,_'il I think I d.on thing yo 1 1. ';Vill f'ind F1 • FD ORY, duly in ve:!.'y o:r-P8n- th:1. t 1Y•1Y. fo:::: hoQ;'3 11,hen cholera ~•rr:i_c:,, in th~t s·1y a·3 to ia all abott to just every ·1l:>011t 7'1~ tolrl all one Yo·:i. 1.vill ·e81.::>sit, 0f' b1t +,hP, fact. as a barns. +.o ~t·1nr wrrnrn on b Jhql o~ ~he Ro f:1r '-19 a'-', to m,IT kno·:rl8n.g, is th~ -:hie} in use. ~11~, I U18 +,iue. th•~ ext~mt ve-ry gen0 Tha.t it 0::r-•)R of' t,hP, 110·1s1; t,o 11se it i t kno'N th:1.t The ·vitnc9'3 }1 • it 0 ir ,1se amon,'.; f-3.rte2·s ieneJ~·1lly, ev Jry barn. in rno8t Of' co r.8, co!nr:on or a1 d i .... i8 in wh· t rio yon in c3.rbolic to uhic"h. ~isinfectant, anrt I k,J-~:9 i+, l) ,t+,y neq_r ·1.11 of Hhories, A use ,ii..e. a q a :r.·~rnerl.y:foi· chickP,ns I believe use th,3 of }10rses, or, th8 in svrill-tubs it us~· s? 1ome? [;' l lerl I live WAtrnr. s 1r;l'l ::\8 -- 1_;:.. ~J!lim~ vr., iouR tht~ 'hlYS, n.:~·E' ;lll !_):?et+.:, ~ hot 1 1 y0·ir f'o h0rse9. a o~t i +, i l!:!~d :,o 1.iffi8'1 to you Qljq'Jri"b~ /:l.1...,irl1n.s c'1rb0lic 1 11.,1.bi t H,3.ci i 1, 1),,,,m your Q have a·1iri.~. o:f rL:f1~n,'l.-i.'1.t, t9sti:.f'it~rl ').S fol ...O·1.,: Q You ·1re A Q Oh, A Q Will Ho, y(~ ., A. f•1rm,r, ·1re :ro.1? "lir. I belieVd Black~ /01l ar, not. Wh·-:t t i8 y0 1 1r OCI'! 2_'.);:i_tion? ithing. yo11 i=3t~➔·,t~ t,o th8 court whether or 1 ot you 1c:8 carbolic �T • ,, '' (• \ J. , ' ' . ' �'' '. --25-- I far 3.i=; I know, sores on ho:r:-geR th::1t I rnnlrl see raw-like vo.1111. r.,comrnenrl Q State Q Yo1 live Q mo J the yoit Yl38, neqr Dayton, sir; rarr;ly Yo 1 s·;1.y thc3.t yon How do yot -- +J-nt horseR in the farm~r it, it "101lrl be acirl ob9ervation, it is a conur.on co111:.-,uniy wht~ro-:: yo,1 live? of Rockin~. use it? on .ro .tr pr,~r:,irrns '.'ri t,hont 3.r0 n~ver I ::;o()d. am connt.r are I b~li9ve? CROSS-EXAMINATIOl. XQ yo 1 ir farmer '3. :for bL. '.,.... +,he b:- Rho 1lr'l.P-:rs, anti. I :f'rmn qre thin~s sir. You k~•~9 o::trbolic ])o A Q thP, collar th;-:it :1nd wash with ~et Rolston, Ye9, dif:fe2·,mt seP. qoo 1t -4-,hP,shop whet.r1.~r or· not., SquirP, A VO'J.lrl ih,~rfJ to ho1..rn•::hold re .edy Q f0r '3.l1ri..I J.'P,GOl~n,.,-n rl it it UBer[ it. ,.i tho11+, it? nnrl 1tse it a8 �" . I ' I ,I • { I ' ' r• I 'I '' l " ., . i ' .1. ,. j f' < ,, I (. r \ <. ••• �--26-- (E.C.Holstor:.) A tock. If' ·; 1en the he i7.3.nt any stock ~P, H.., tHlls • :i::-1J111 ~ ~ a tc:: h rrt : -- ~o r.9.1<1~ ·=t W3 The veterinqry f'o:r stock o •38 or qn, thin~ c'.lr · 1:.or.G e ;:-jeci· 11. onµ, of ol 1.tio11 of ·1 '3ol 1tion rn1.kes 1 Jik8 that -- th•~ -f'i:'.'.'~t +.hiJ ~s olic acid. Do yo•1 of cq_rholi6 acid. +.:hin~'3 t,h·tt rr~, 1·;i:f13 th.i:nk'3 externa.11.r? it A .n c,ir • Y c;, er: it You hgyP, , 9. '1 h 11.s..,s, &c.? chicken A co11lrl. not THE That COURT: ar.1on2: the A of A I th ink 1:1'-3 is it hnrt, to r~k8 1 There Yes, CONRAD: A Y8'3, ·ens. co,mty? ond of' th• ➔ Sq1ire acid. or., t 1at ther reno o th~ veterinary thin~s carbolic of Rol. co·mty first f'l"O! .. 1? .ian are rtru~ stores? rnu.1be~,...o-r thd!!1. ~i · gr~n are t r:1any 00 r:r. ni tie- in t11,3 c;ir. And a goor:i !:d· 11y 3.I'~ ::".'~!:lote -f':-:•on. 1):3._ -!'00r.1S? <:iir. Wi tn~}S C()Ol)S? ic; a sol~tion not, a f'act, Y1-jq, Si!' +.. 1-1 chic '.'f1.."'- it whi te·.n.a.~-- chick.er-: I !11:H.r ! 90. e;ets to or:-1p 11ysicians? A }.m: know thJ.t f.'1.rm1-3:r-s of Rockin~fnaL MJ.. GUIGOr: f' '7i-ii tei.•,ash 1 1 in Rockin~h:1r0 neighborrio,.,ris rt.nnote in he •13. tr3:r- to o::· not,, l, doing XQ Is t it !JU in it C3J3es 1vher.., stock s9e~ks thP, of' OllP- Yon Put Do yo :Q is rto ·:it.!lout. A use 1 t a~ r8g'.lrri veterin::1::l'.'y corn s to se•~ 119 t,h3.t is XQ ap..9ly We 'Yl Q ~ olrl -i-,o '3tand q c:ii1.e. ..,o,m ty �\ r. ' . .. ; �(Jobn V.Li --27-- key.) JOHN w. as 1.re ·=t f'qr O rl~l' t1:c:;ti:fied r1.•~f F1't.:U1t, }-{o ;1<.inrfn.'1.LCO' nt,y? Of Do yo,1 itcie c rbolic Q A Yes, :1.cirl on yo·1r ::_)_,mises? 8ir. Do yo 1 k o·"l ''ih~ :'rv:ri:·it Q Rockin3: is A Yac,, o:f, l r. a co rr.on houi=, -f'lcl0 0ormr.on hO'l''nho i;;, rer 8 r i! 01 your c,i.r. yo1 Lisk,.JY, A Y J c::;, 9 .1nrl. 1rou bP,lie vms tolrl YO'lr F onor o:f:fer~,, l)y t,h8 rtefendant, and irrelev·1r. GOHRAD: 11t~ S'.:iid -- 11 wh8re Wt-3 MR. SIPE: in rr33qrd to co irt th8 t. !ire the 11 trial THE 0 OU:tT: I ~t ~he ne~t t~r1 He e ce!)t +,. (~ ~.o 'il 1 of to c,tr.ik•~ anr~ Loire ~Jlea.se, the not aq to -- a '.'i 11 be~ ar out it ac; hr. 0 0 t,o 1:>P.'lt c}ui~or, +J ,-3..t +,he 1ed by 8or:1e h•-1<--: ridence P, 1 bri _,fs be t"i,; ,n 00,1rt. have q little written ti~1lation cgc;e. ln'1.':3J'.'St3.ncl that or~l likP- i8 1 bettP,r of this as 1Jo 1ld M Our imdP,rstan~.inc; the case tA:i:-m of Had,~ d asir;_e. :plea RP,, nnderstqndinrt '3.Wi t,h·1 t tr1,3 next ~•n-.e:!."1.lly? . co, nty, . 0_1~finite 'HVl now· closP-d, t is an'i Ii: Bta to If l H. iR a conmon 0 it in Hockin.'.;h'3.m farm.,r MH. GUIGO:.-i: inr:.2terial 1 }_'.)re ises i:r • Wi tneRs te~tir::.ony +J1qt :,0.1- r'._o k~•:n it c;--v o,1.Bi-3holri. rP.medy, r•'!!:JP-rl./ amon~st 1 absol 1. ..fr'.l 001m +,y? Q read t.h•~ · ir. Y~~, A is on b ,h'11:t:' of' followr;: Q as B'Vorn LISKEY, the ~vi~9nce eviri,~r.c~ d.,livere~ D01.'i taken sll·-111 be on tri~l at th~ ��--28-- tir::.e. That M:{. SIµ~: i9 it. MR. HA..1-FUS: I h·1v~ no objec+,ion of l ,tting tht-3 3.rivisabiluty that thi!3 1--wi,1•➔ 11/JP, ti!) tl·1tion, ·1. ::t:i~cord r-:ho'7 ·my thin~ th,; taken '·m.·1 to to be r at ,3.rl but I rto11bt mor, i.,he n1-3x-+:, t .rl. th'1n of the court. THE ~OllitT: yo 1 I thin• an rn'lk':} 2.lmcst thi9 any 3.nri. t,ri~ on the c q➔ evidence 1-{. a motion arg,irnants in orally CONRAD: I to 8trik~ in lotH. SIPE: arG1lL1en+,, '1 t +,o r)P. d.•:mid.ed iq co11rt, to rl.o exci--3~_,t,t0 ii.~elar·e f !vi th wri ti mderqt•1nn. ott 1 1nrl~:!'8 next whir'!h +h ,re 1 ''I 7ill of term ill be th'lt thq +, yo·1. b'3 subn;.i t teri. Nill 1 the ir~ in th•} vacaco·Lrt +.h~n b,~ 1;0nqi(ler- nothi• ;; -ro-c· trie i t,9 j1vlzm,mt. t,. 1t, thP- ~virh:::nce, r;, f'i:.. st, Do :r0 1 t anr'l of misd.meanor, r,~f'er.:J:r..c,"! +,o it no,,1 rerl.11cP,r'i. +,o 1:1ri tin~, ed a q :prorluced court, 3 m3tter ·1g:reement The tion is th•;:3e 8~n 1nri. ·::i.n,·•r ~ '•v'ill '1!1'1 +,h·1t 1J,~ v1~ 18 ex9ect .en h•lift; l'O'l to qtb1:1it r,~.9ly. '1 9 t.o Slb!!:itti~d close? �1 . ) ��• ' . �f • In the Ci r-cut't Court of Rockingham A.n. VS• ) Bertram ... Passing desire~ for evidence the to submjt cases which the ji,3 Art. 4, Sec. 52, Sec. 15, act the act and the o !" not statute,, it the evidence is on the ground t :i.-ieact that under is unconstitutional. o.f the the Constit:itio~ former of 1902 constitution, wa passed of pharmacy, 1 7 r1hich is provides whj ch shall any law be ravived, ac. out all the same that: be expressed etc." arch 3rd 1886 7 and "to ~ard 1 and th•,_sale its title: of ;poisons of Virginia." t:-irec1 distinct we find by ]893-4, P• to the its page 71, 720i and original. a cl1~:1r viola:t;ion act are amenctl'lent et seq.~ acts considering and separate and these title, i ;,s va.riolls all through So that closes shall orieinal 1902-3~1, relation of the more t11an one object, embra.ca as diclosed 210; page of +.he practice St~te as to wheth8r is moved to strike issued nor question following: the were Here the the been any violation warrants the in the has -- - ·• and n.ismi ss th~ war.rants +,itle; rev·ulnt.e being ir!1e The co,irt "lfo law shall "h: t the there First: h1 the ) Thorne.a P • Yager. -- .... -. -.. - -- ...- -..·-·- - -,._- . .. -.. . --- -- .. . -- - under Va. Co.mmonwea..lt½. Co::ma o nvrealt h VS• County, of 1894 the p. 1 whole of 1886, of the 189?-8 the objects il-1 preserved as found in act P• 686; 189 -00, of 1887> P• 825; with t1'..e title it,s amendments of the provision act in itself dis- as provided ahove section. P,i.A-r, t;':.1e act of .lu-s86 WE.s ~mbodied in 296. act Constitutional embraced objects in the Code of 108? ,, in the in �,, r.1 ".n ,. l f • r r ,l .. ., r [ ·.\ .)J -· .... -., ..., ) ') . ,·, ') . r • _,. : .[ l • '' ( r ,. ..,·· u ., ,, 1· I .) '. ·1 t. I. L ¢ I, , ,, • < : I ..... t. oJ I r •J '( . ,, ,,:, II ·) ., l. 1. ;"J [, l. ,1 ,,. I . I ' ') .! ' I I ., . .., '_\.f. J .i .._,, l r .,.i • I ,,) (( r t ',J f ) .!. (. a ) .! j :. J. l .. I. • rr .. ) r I .' i ,., )ll ' '> ,I ,,, ., I, �i .: l "j ~ I • '• . ,,. A ) H ' --2- ..... sect:i ons cornpris ing Chap. o~ _Ph_~_r~c_y", and all this chapter given the occupation the It is with the Virginj_a and privileges; its of pharmacy; for the whole chapter i:n tho) title. , has Wha+, has What has it. Assoc ic:1.tian, ical PhannaM and priv ileees and prohil-iiting and poisons. three ·ch only providint; powet's least :'i relates cf the extension are t o of Phannaceut which tl12~t here of medicines? s;:..le the powers practice of an act, possibly and for of nedici1es sale body in the the substances, of medicine:" 1;h e title and defintng the f:Ubmitted exprcJssed object is as .follows: purp()se the under its of Pharmacy regulating and restricting which to as there and title ·ng e.nd compounding for providing 1lefli:iling Board and organization; of preserv r anhrrn.l,, of Pharmacy,) State embraced chapter wo:rd "Pharmacy" a law enacted Asc,oc iation, the made in -rela.t ion of an apothecary." to t be prac•l;ice for are :o the of the mj neral We tnen have ceutical "Reg~.1~t_i_~g__tQ.e_J)racti_c~ __ thereto of prepar:ing, vega.table, title amendt!lent. definition or practice v.heth,:r amenduents the and every Webster's "The art the Code 1 referring in the each in under ?8, distinct is no relation the to objects one one act, whatever t'-o the of pharmacy practice the do wlth a corporation do to chc:~rtering of by said created act? rt is insisted all that expr;::1ssed the act f onner, in the is in the is title either or both, relate having authority to t@ the compounding cines, which being the in the It tion is is the has for ae l and sale ]1.763 and 1764 its o. not of object two sections, by persons J:md in no way pertains for w.hich embrac Lng is The and poisons rliedic.i.nes, of pharmacy_,, later which these of medicines of medic :i.nes or substances practice th'3ret of phar~acy; ,l ispense the 1 a matter object nofgenna.ne practice to the purpose the is the of mediw obj act of the of the Constitu- Code. th::refore mandatory, sections of tl:o act, regulate to as ex_preased that this insisted act _.:.hat this provision 1 so far as it conce~ns the matter now act �:.),_, " (' ,, '.) ,, I' ..) " ..' _, ') i_ I ( l. I • : /':'i .... I ,r. , • ,, ! ·1 ' I '. .... ....... . • -· r J. ,1 .. I' "Ii :, T '• .. ., < .,.'i L ,... .. t L )_ l t "; :.) \' .. 'i •l . .I -, .. ) . .-. J, , I l. . I. ·. i •,•.' \ . - I ..f ) �r . befor8 the conrt is should be dismissed. void because See 8 Cyc., Board cases and "It last may bd assumed provisions surprise prevent in bills be over looked to fairly the befulg considered or otherwise, om.er if they of the title; the scq:,e the constitution tive in intent as when this occasion the matters made the title shall ri[;ht here the The legislation 2, Sec. any 01· the acts, ion- --Art. to any intimation impose the title that a penalty or the for of the provision of th•~ ob,j ect re-enacts of the of the a certain that thereon, by petition Courts cannot conclusivef~1dex enlarge power; to the legisla- 1 operation~ th8rd are sel1iom presents itself a better for an purpose than in in violation the reason, that ohj ect thereof' the-violation is tional do tr:e said to define th•::raof. ~:>rovis- in any of th,. nowhere thereof, amendr1ents cc:nstit of the titles a crime, This is a fatal titles give and defect in acts. An 11 t ~1.e act this for t;i,3 and third, court. is 52, the can he invoked provi..,ion may therefore wi h no dispensing the that of prov is ions of leeislation "That to second, and which may be hea.rd invested have ci:nstitut.;ional adopted: s tibjects And: c..1•{3 nov, before no information, they -they to what We submit. that from J"u ge Cooley; oy means leg isla.ture of the des ire." has McGruder legislation; and unintentionally people vs. of tht~se purposes log-rolling up()n the arrl carelessly apprise the ti ..le gives the of which County quotine conr~., that to prevent or fraud of Henrico the settled first, is: warrants 828. citation, as and the cited. of Supervisors 84 Va., In the unconstitutional o.f March const act i ution, furth9r sect ion 14th, 1904,, in that th:-m to of the is palpa'hly th9 declare, Code "relating title j n violation gives tha.t to the it of no indication amends practice and of �L . ,> 1 . ( J • ., ) . '· ( ., . c• " •) r , r ' r ;r .. 'j ,/ (! , ; . l ' .. , I ,? I, -; . '.) ''If ,. 'J 'I. } ,.. ,: . ·i: l J. . ' ') ..,. r .) '1 • ,. ; l "\I, I ,, ( ,. " - ' ) J 1 r .,. r ;. ) ( 't• • ~· ') ,. r • "' , L .·'· •r ~ I ) r .r • \ L' ., !) J • ) ,, ~~ I :J' .. .. ') ') .. ...- ., < I �.' ' --· -- Pharmacy". There is not,hing that it is indication domestic Ct.mta:in the public of' the designed to :poisonous 'this regulate of 0 it th3.t is that bus ineas a medicin.tl any that may or may is designed act for gives of selling nature, the i:mpose a Penalty stating act the or that s .ibstances, and to h:£lth, of t;itle articles a.ct expreectly "practice violation--the its designed to protect to object regulate the of Ph 1.rrna.cy." This sect ion ]764 to the or proprietary not apparent is plainly wh ~ ch applies 1 or dispense tail in solely medicines, :;ny o+h-:3r persons to those having of :readil'le eris "hror ing aui~hori ty to pers This or p, oisons." than cursory upon t:be most authority re- law has no application to or dispense sell medic inas. is It and be absorbed impossible OI,erat ive any law, operative and to fixing by the for and that c l,3ar and at the fat' 1764--:::i.nd penalty 1 icenssd anrl registered t tional and that :naciets, th'1re de:randants ground it is retail applies/co another is ·th-=reof, two sect icns--17'63 and uc-ti<nl to other merchants as well as to registered upon which eviden evidence of a i't a. domes-: ic medicine, not viz: clearly and a.ct is insisted , offence , i-,j.self, does is the of s.B. than such phar ... that against these the we think law,, u is Strickler, the main wi'tness sal].y ,._ for can there the establis'h that consti- dealers. The evidenoo and seems that on the acid a crime opinion- ground the as defining be of the is that as a present etc• he f' ound no't g ilty founded these and conflict, by aey poss i bl•~ c mstr should. be no contention th a:t carbolic court ]764, and violation read pharrna.c j_ste, the a now present irrl:jc one ilable can be c onstru1od ::nan can into 4S sect ion and be merged woulrl be utterly e nf" orce 1 to It ].763, the punisl1ment a:pply 1904. section in hopeless acts they that But should by same time No mortal say enforce They are these was des ie;ned ]763, of March 14th, to the p rt end :.hat preposterous. which act court l:=tw. sec+, ion the :fact kept �-...-g.,,- 11 ,, ,; '·.1 !: .! .I .f IT ).) '· ~ I. - r-f (, • 1 (. ' .1·. ~-·· C . I 'l ·- r ' - -· ··: I ' ' J l II ,, "°} :..,, [I ) ' ,.·. ,. 1 J. ,r . ~ "J ,1 .. II f :I . !) I! I l C .l II _, . •I ., i . ( 1, I J ,~ .. : ,~ .. , 'I • f l ;, ~ i' l,i I I j I I ') , !. . L '.) ~ • ( i I rr , r- ') ~ f· J. :) .~) r :r· ), (' o· J r f) .L .. ' ', :;. _) ••: f l ')' . ') ' • " ,, !: r ·: i ., ' -, ) l i: ·: r . .. :1· ·., i1 ' L )· ,!' ') J -r .l ').. ,. . ., ( ' ,J ' , .. ' ( . •, '· ., 8 ' I J [' f 1'• .... •I i r '.); r ,, ' I 'I • (' :.. ,; '• ' . ) ., .i \ I ) 1t '• i ~ _I ·T • r. l, ·~ '.) �--5-commonwealth, purchased i-t at mor'::! than in the hundred that establishes various merchants c On.L1onand daily deny rt o.eal13rs. it is a deadly and in fact use for it the is true the that quan~i~ies therefore equally or anyone handling customers or users; very defendants prohii,it meaning that "It dispenee a terms term applying shall defense, consisting is a domestic reMedy of of sores treating not medicines though remedy evidentl..y on biased, commonly kept volun·ceering deny the that it is the fact when he testifies of the acid sold in these k~t that by retail deaL3r" it cases by retail sta:i;ement.,, tha-c a domestic remedy, as to is its desicnated as must carbolic acid dealers; and country by mer- :.nerchandise, but must a retail deal,er:, one who cuts up and sells , to of goods which these of section ]765, o_f the ty for the aA be lawful for to ~n poisons,, Sect io!l ].765 prov ides act, 1?63 only. aey person that, have facts merchant, to the been expressly and established,, exempts sa1t1e, they 1764 positi,,ely 1 Both h,-iving sect ions theee be i."'lg as providinr authority to sell prov is ions of this etc." "Hone of the be and 1~sed in ll.765:,, to be construrted mere rants to country directly si'l.le of the of sections deal,3r" as to a coantry he sells since terms one w1'lo wholesales, to a dri~gist we sul:mit, retail to be noted general as applicabls "retail l't must not be restricted in contradistinctibn a line a domestic is handling says, 'l'he very the and sev13ra.l the proves fr om any liahili me rch an T.S • it he do~3snot to me n::hants to mean what the still "retaiJl in small that for insists, established and usually taken he acid." being or eveo county pu :rpose of disinfecting, thajtb.e grade medicine, chants, in the that he operated. witnesses a doni>3stic evidence the rt court is carbolj,c "comr:1ercial sto~s of J'am0s L. Avis, poison, and that uses when he testifies p u Il) osea. thq,t his five in which of the The testimony not alone, and a blacksmith~t animal~=s anr1 other do,·s seventy counti,=:s The testimony far~ers, fact,, er �' . .I. (.: V j ,.. •r [ ( .. I[ 1 ,. ' T, • - u ) "•, \,I t J [ f' \1 ·• .., i· ') i .' .ll ') 'l r ,J " ) ' " - « . ) ,, " ') ' . 1• •-N I r \ C .. ·t j f. J ·1 1 . r , .J ') .., ) i· . .,, .,, . •!)I .:: ; ,, ' I :\ ' ,:, -' .. ' -,;, Ii ., • ,. .. ,, . ) ~. I : f'· ., n ,. ' ..( ., I' ,.1, .' 1: • ti l 1·. !· r I! :), r .• •v I ,, ' ' 'I r ,) ., ·'- b 1, l ... ' \" :., ·, r ;1 .L' ·1 I I i ' ... n ( ;.:_. ,l''l ·1 i ,, ' �' . --o-.... chapter, exc~pt the by merchants sale those contained of quinine, and other of peperm1nt in sect ions epsom salts, flavoring of patassa, such _o"the r domestic_ and~roprietarL_med 1'hen since sal,~ for appliP.s thereof' to the of said t be carbolic acid all respects all pharmacj_sts; iting the sal,3 having the so that the same drugs". "]764", sUperseded act by and by its terms ·but in amending of the granting in the the if saleof' be en .no offence which~ ]764, amended as it can.plied is with act have taking the absolutely court•s th~rein authority act attention his contained 1D sell as a whole section [arch now stands, in the is called section 1765 to regisact mentioned is no longer manufacture and re-enacted nothing medicines to in in no reference can only mean and refer the present the of P..;J. and 1764 have ]763 ancl other the case antidotes. the together, there in the prov is ions and restrictions ]_765, was enacted the wtth has the to merchants, haste been sections referred oy :prohibited Section tht1re of the or prohioits do apply c cmplied who under ma;:;ter th'=reln subject Section the acid ~ been naming parts And in ,.._connection as to and kept provisions and ]164, a.pp oo.r that or poisons, its section, ]763 two sections to those of carrJ0lic merchants. been ~hat th3.t medicines tered the iodide, oil., usually of the sections will it as to the to merchants, construing sections have of said c ontaj ned ref er only tha.t sweet by merchants article these is insisted it none defend.an ts, evidence except and 1ispense essence camphor, and as ara prevent statute the provisions But and that sect ions tbs aga5 nst whatev,~r paragoric, section except by these From the Bertram oil,, calo:mel, icines sale of this of argllr!l.ent re qui rem.ente c anmitted this under by merchants, sake the opium, shall etc.," but, chapter castor preparations, br om.ide and clorate dealers; ll.763 and ].764, prohib- in ].765 by to the fact so far 1 in existence,. lL764. 1894, 5, and section and sale of "aduJ.:terated was approved March 14th, section lL764, s nme 1 t was made to cov-er everything as it then in sect in l.764, 19O4~ stood, 1 ion ].763, �-~i-- .I. L (·, l .. ' :o ~) .J.) ( ,.1 D ., .j :) . ·1 ., I . ,_) •T :) f', C .. ( rf r ,. •, • . .r: ·' i • .. J ) .' ' ,,. ') .,. '., ' ........ (, ; ' '· ' ,"l :.) , ,l ' .J ' '. [~ '1 r 'I~ '" :,'t I I'• r J .r t: J .I ·•11 I ') (' ) (. .. :> .I . .; ~) .r ') .L J :• If'; r J .~ ') ~ r ' I .,, ~. .l 0 .. l ,l '). ,, /', •r ,.:') ' (, ... J 1·• r . J~ ' ·r j· ' .,:l i :1 I I V , .. l 1·• r r J ' l) ":; .. ,l ·-· ) 1'' ,, 0 C. - '\ .' I J. :') ! ., ··1. ' ,.., • (. -,. .I\_ l) t n _) ' so :) ~ ·-..i· (. ( '~) .., l, .t rro: ') n ,, ' _")·'}.J ' ' ,;. ~>~ J:) .. r): , rJ il J !. . ·1. ) f'ff .. ' ' !.. :) t I r J ,J t l) . ~ r, ..:.., tJ .. ,f ... -. ... ' :°?,J ,. "J ,•,· i ··1•1 H ·., rn·1 r r, otO, ') ·- J'! .r ,, r:: ·1 .l .., ~D r I• ,) /{., l' :) '·" "'! ,\,, . ·1 ,. .,;. ·t 1••:J i.; .' •~_,· ,r .) '• ., .. , . ( ' I .,· '! 11 .) ... ): . .... �G r I • (i. ( . J Tl l . ·1 .,. J in almost the exact words contajned in section ]764, and in addition the furnishing attached i ·:.s c>,ct of 4th, provj s i<ms in th1:.· act fr om the was also a.esed or referrE.d fixed for of the w.ent s thereof, presel!+. th~ sh all, etc • , aec~,j0"1. ]1764-1 llut. repealed j_n the 1:iy the repealj ll893, 5th,: to and v;as no-:; amended therein penalty to a apply Jl.?6.4, viz: on der.az:d to c1.s well as vectior: ]764,, "Any the Ydth no r,ea ning has and ll'764, marle cone lus ive by the is section comply ]763 anrl cannot wl::en a plJed furnishing morphia by amendat ory selljng ion or other Thr.:,:s mere fact make it. a. law, not r: ever require to applj_t"id. ... t ~e JL764, a.a tt. section as to sect of th·= peace 1.1ay impose a.ppear, 1 first that this f;" for as by a merchant. tha' section any violat except th -3reof, the sale 5n the be reru<;r•1hered for of carbolj_c Code of 1904, this thr~t Code ire. ion ]1'766,, under fine of ,.10 .00 section decleres v,hich it e.ga:mnst. the t.h~t seems th offender, e.n, person as as to :persons is provided none appears both ra·ov ided been c.nd exce:r,t : t pert.a:i ns to ].7f3 been having iun cases, it. must h c l •eislat having ty to an habitue, so far bee,.;, use been a ~oritf.,d hy Again drugs ]'764, much .less act i:ri ccrtidn cocaine of Sec• anyone, 1 ~041- and no pefnal of ] arch, r;g and st, vic,lat 1.7€3, act to a d.ruggi has by stood t.hen it for clear ls ts so t.h:=tt the Now t,his " legialfiture st ooci.. l ovr sectiaT does to of the penalties March applyJng or reft•ses 1 the JL?64-, and this t.ha penalty and coilta in ed 't,h '=rej no JL?64 1 , d.c,esnot section of cocaine who d.s a. ha1) it11c:. f;ect jon ]1'764, ll904j, of section t ing ]764, violr form, same, the sect i or; l..763 l> r embo<1 ~inc all 1ixes of March, present clc=.use fixing person act by the any violation violation very present. sale in: en tion repe.al lL'766, which thing repealing a person c1.mendment t:veryt,hing in its to t. o re1-1 enl c.1.nd to the to --:.o be the seem every th-~eby prohrJiting 01~her drug 1904, Now section acid or and omitted stood, th~ a clause :i -t. would . arch h y exc lu<ljnc the a.s it of morphia- $c t.hat its of sai11. section just j ice t v:il]J vi()lf~ting �·1 / [ I. .,' :., r r :>· ,,. :Lt, ' .), -, J .. t. ! '• '' . 'I (t . ) ~ i: . [J 1... .!. J '..} J . ( . ,i $ . (. ( .. ••L ( . .l"J ( .) , I :1 '. ! '- ... ( . ., •·). ·.1 ., r ( l ') " . , ) .. ( . ( ) ( .I ') ' ') • ( r l· ., ') r J ~~ ~. )" I ) .. ') 0 ~i .• _, V :) ' r _) ') ( , !) ' ,., i ;, l "-::.' .l • ~ ,. .l. ...,, :) 1; .' -:. '· .') ( "';. r t IL';. .l ,..., ~ ti. .u ') t'l • ...._ __ I t .1 ., ·, .) f. ::v f. I ,, 0 .. "•) '• ,. ,.' ..:J . �r: , ' . I..J '., eect. j the , I' on 1L759,: of the tha~ this section testjm<'ny any 1-erson, not c.tore, f., inhibits any cines~ shall It a registered he shall enga[;jng that so far the it aE seeks the rebrulate and contrcl or t.hose It who are 1 s no peaalt;y ir.: t.rue etc., is jt, j eaid penalty under but UCJ was to section store, by for or a chemical and it. alr.o of co rotmdingmedi- t will and unconstitutional, a penalty impose former act is she ,s t.hat ii., be in for "in the rr~lation to j_nt.,.. nded to is and to mer,1bers f:i.th~r defjne the of the Board ion t.hj.s of Phar:rnacy j_ Eits. for that t shall violRt the ~hereto~ in more than section sect inn any person f'or because under section l._759, e:hall (ffl.dh day that ll JO.00 "for etd.".,, showing violated, to persons of be lFiw-ful not violat are j in the business that this inhildted ]759. sect ion 1 ?59, sec+.5.rins, to reg is-r. cred Ar.d specifically pharnac the next j_f 1 sri.rue conat ltut op~n to the pojnted out touching the entire ona.l obj ec ... act, and JJ?63 and 1764. Th:: nr::xt pemtlt.y 17'66, a rlrug fjxed .oo nor appl3r as are herejnbet'ore espec ie ..lly t.o run pharnac or any of than :l.ntended 1:e unlavd'ul and any person t.hc.n $10 :provisinna i1. shall :pena.Jit~r :is fixed that c'lecle..red This tjuns declares it be fj ned no+. less the llcensed 5 sts,. imposed un,ir:Jr section v,ho violate penalty imposecUn to a registered applhie. l M-t that of pharrc1.cy, is t.h~t is disclosed bus:iness j_n the busiress perso1:s engar~e, 1766 the It th"-, facts is defective as iCJn ]759. act a of 1902 ....3 ....4,. p • 71 1 a.ncl. plainly of meI!lbt!rs, 'l'n=:re 17' 9 1 t.itle .. qualif:icati<ms to Its - pharr1:::.cist. a crime of pharnacy", .ice the prac act define to thereof. punh1hment the in be a registered of this i itle sec ➔· a regi i:,.:t:-,red ph · ,rn1ac j £t; en1ploy I of misdemeanor. cat ion to pharr.iacis in hj from 1,erson ionE of declHres By an ex,1111j.ncd:i cir; of se(in 'be guilty no applj case? ne has v.nlef.f has ~his jn vnlec chapter us ex·,m5 ne t.he provis Let clear J the 1766., a;pplies sec-I; ior: rf1ferred the third assj_stant speci£cally to paragrcq.h pharmacist in of section 1, and �r • . ' ,, [ IJ ' L. r. I " I .f..1 ,. 0 • 1' Lf • .i. ( G , ..;. ... , tj O ,r I > :, ·f I I .l . ,, . ' .J. r( T \. .',, 1. I, ., It ' . ,, . '! . J , 1,: ~· ' -~ ' r J Ll. ' i ,, r~ i .I. ,, fl D I ') .' .i: f. fl '., "I'. ., .. -',;! . ·' "f ' I" • ) V (' -1 L:'I f,. ' 'IJf J' ; .; j ) 1~ ,. 11' 'f.. ~).. ·~ J }. '·~- j H I ,, f , ... 1. J ') [ ·r ,, J ,..,· ·- ':· ... .., I , •J '· .., r . '.) ...:...i J .,, I ... . " t Ii• ...' ,1 • . i. , I ! :_; I J , 'l 1) ., f' -~ ..,8 f',' ,\ ., '• 't(J !;' t ·, . 8 l Cr,. ,.• I r.: ' i. J • ·i ' ,-·r. , ,., �.J. J. ! ' ( j • has nc 8.pplj_catj on to is So too -f:hr-;public the penal :- ,,· .. ,.J4 generally. i.y imposed next in the paragrarh, section 1766 • As to l '1b6, j the :penalty t expressl~r shown has been absolu4:8ly applj_~ ru6 rged it March and void a.ppli~ to 14th, jn express terms dispense medicines of the 1764,- to er er is not poisons p.;.ragraJh of ttese prescribe a.nd d- signed alljed It is of PharIJB.cy, a ref;ular is case to so both render paragrc•.:f•h which of section by the to persons it th th,'l.t 'A', 2r even act of au- "having e was e.ny sale the being 1 ::81 , or Schedule s nature, ci.u+,y of' a regi respectfully reg ist cred to restrjct therewj th to pl:j drug er that plain tered th-it of in section purchas- the intent of this pharmacist in the v,ith for ial]y any the the same of the handling of the legiFJla.- "class legisla.- c.nd pror-r eta.ry pharr..iaciE:ts. a registered preE ident phJrnac-ist ancl. dispensed same pu rpoaes cin::ur.,!etances, prov is. ons all drugs intony o:' the test watJ sold very of all sale registered that 1 t is plc=:,inly because the though there submitted void, n fr cm th0 store, acid substant complying ana hiDself', cair'bolic under it 1.mc Qretltutional is artjclea of C4./ is poisnns. Finally tior.", o merg0d as amended poismnol of age:, the al.ready or poisons:\ in Schedule years r, ll764, applies menticined sixteen to only this its we have sixf/4a.nd last operative in cf as therewith_.~- sectitin pretended pere:; 0ns not. aware was under tion to and which c.nd j_f no"'; in tre be admi t.t.ed sell be av lid of section para.graph uncertainty. for 1?66-,. E1pecif:cally 1904, :fifth inccmajst,,nt imposed It any :rt63, penalty t.y to thori t. o sect ior.. and inoperative, And the if the in :;o ~ect ior: li7f,4, contradictory sect.ic.ins sect.ion E i:r11posed in the of the and VLffY conducting sa.rne quality as that sold •wifuout in any respect of chapter 78 1 further Boa.rd h y the tha.n defmidanta, being p:ilcuuac i st• It wilJL hardly be contended that the defendant violated the a �I. J ... ,., ... .. l . r C ') ·:,' .. :) ., !l ,, (.> n ' ~ )~ ' " ,. L 1 ·1 . , i l •' !' ·' ,· [ ,1 ~ ., ') • I VJ 11 ,, ' 1. (. ~ ·, ) ~j r i • .L [ ' '· [ " ,J. ., J , J ,1; I .,., • J ·• J ' ,. .[ r. '· -. .L r.·; '10 1 ·_;)" 1.--;I ..... \} .l. . ., ) ' ·1· fl ') ') ,, I, i . l )• . . L r· it .. ',.S:)i'h. .Ls .l) < .t :) ); .!. r· <. !"'!-t I ) ..' '• , ' J l'i J .l. l, ,. ~ J. ., :) • ) r ·' i ', , ..... < r ( ' , ...,. ·1 �. .,. provisions of sect.ion 1'i'59,- prohi1,itjng any rlrugs, chemicals, poisons, etc., :fr enacted c:r!lT..he Board on arch cons"":jtuT.ior. the the js because of v;hich c,f the and onehalf offencee under of the act to crec..te to guard provjd.ing is in its elf' and in cc1rtain cases, exclusive co1-poratic.,n such tmt legislature i<,ns no authority power as to the the pra.cti initiate B 0 ard are for statute mc,y confer the can be found in go gener--:cl polj ce enactment of the to t.ii.le cnt i tled without is exe roiee sq..poi·t can 1 ..r cle.sa beirg an act and further ion eif theviole,t subdivisions and prosecuf-.,e of Pharnacy,. is of VirgintF.," ftxed chapter corporatic,n ce of ph1:irnacy", a crimlnal e.nfl o:her ev fl.5, it because this er particulc page of commonwealth." The laat of ll893-4> acts paragraph sect iorn shall on of the generc,_lly. penalties c orporat on municipal excluej eectJon l1e c i:nst i.tuted less stil] ln t.he State that indicate the While that title i:r.: said the regulate "to the tb for of cr::.me, under this in any special public sa,J.e of :poisc.ne the imposet~y unconat j_t ut i<Jnal, a c crPoration ~he scd.d act,. :Power and the condluding .tm1ant j of i:,unishment shed] o th.er hal1' law to s f cun<i in the j fir.es prosecutors srJec ial E. the of Virginia f,1.l paragrar,h first prosecutions set. of men, epecial state 1766, State a,ncl the thE: sole be constjtuted all "in of' the of Pharmacy, o separate, which in the of the of Pha.rufacy thereof, 63, the penalty cr.ntained. is pro'Vided Section a cr.l.me, defines provisions it present it eJi!)ress~ ]766, the the the Board sect.;.cm is 1"ii59J was re- lc:.v,; "for law for informer,. power ]l.'759,. if a.t retail or private or private he Board of al epedi sect ion by a specj«l under to the prohibits which aell a certificate,. 71~ after 1903~ P• palpa.r1lJr section this local, sectic,n &,nc, thi5 ccrnIHisslc,n ]756, effec-'r, int.o "to obtaining without beci=;,use this 1903 1 Acts of any enactr.:ien":; of' cr.:me; the went etc., of Pharmacy"> 5th, any person enacted. of the of the poll ce state of thte proposition cr~_m.ee may be vet1ted in a 1, �r, _,_ 'I l) i. [ , .. ! (' ( J. r ·< ·, . ,r: ') ~ -· ( . .r ' I .' . ( I ~) :) •t r . • ") (-' Jr .' .) '• ( ' r ') ~ ') r, . ~ ,, ' ·, '.1 ~ It .l ) .,• . ) ,_ ·' . I j I .. i' -' ( , '-~ .[ f ., ') r 0', 11. ' ,, ') ;J I' ' '• ' " • .J I ·., ) ,. I ( .. 0 ') ., ~ ~, i .l.. t ) _, l .,, i· ·) '"I ' - .!>,.. r '1 1 l. . ~ ~ .J ' \ u '.) ·I ...... l - I) 'J . . �,, (, . ) ,. ' .. • I • II .J �COMMONWEALTH vs. ) A .;y.Fert ran •• AND COI~iOJ.~A'l'LH vs. T.P. ) Yager. NO'l'E OM BEHALJ? OF THE --·-~---·-- DEFENDAN1S. ·- ·• ,, I• � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1908 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. A.D. Bertram and Thomas P. Yager Description An account of the resource Defendants charged with misdemeanor sale of poison. Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Sale of Poison Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_005_108 Bertram Yager https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_008_253-commonwealth-v-aj-crawford.pdf 68aea2fef7a27e17c201bd0bdb7ce10e PDF Text Text • �J:..·w 1..,,.1, ~ 'w:>/.;'~·~ /Al. '!"'1 W,I. N-<r:,,,.,, 1.,-.5• l.,,y ,-...u,.v~ C~J,1.)1A, .-c.A.. ... lc. IN, 1l :r. e. ,v-<"...., ... ff• (. t- ► /,k~ ;;.. ,<. (I! -A..,.~,..'- 7,A.,~, t.,, c,.;J. h,, 1,l:-nf l; • <1• [, r J.~]_, h I �1n :iT3uci:1or, Mt , the to-"7 t':&t in th1a caee, !ho Co:u-t i1atructs 1n all rai~ accused's oaees,the criminal a a p~esuzr.rtion of innooonce ~lea aa of not guilty in hi& tavox and puts on the Common~ealth the bu!"den of r,roviJ1F his ¢lt beyond reaao.u.a'hle d. u.tt. If. t!l1Jretore o! ~he t'lltole oaee 1 the testimo~, of cirqu istances a1.otm in evidence, or tho Jury" reoeo11sble tl:~;' 91 Ould :'ind .UJOtl .~f £Gilt, i tnessea t.1ere exists doubt •• hilll not a cons1C er9.ticin o.n4 tle 1n the minds to the 5"J.ilt , :Cni the Court tr.c Ju..-:- thE.t a roaeonable d011lt la th t eteto "11io , fter comparison and cona1~eration of all ot' the acouaod, turther tel18 or the e•se ~he evide11co, leavoa the m!n~e or the ju::-ors in auch cond!L1on thnt tboy c nnot say tbnt certa!a•y t~e:, ~••l 01 i:ho •ruth an sbi~i?tt of t1".e ohar e. com-ic~icn to a c:oral �• r • ·~..., • • 1 ' • l , • • • ' l • • • ~ ,, r 'r ~ ... r "ll. '~ ~I I l ~ , Ire .l Ir " ~•.J • < t .. I • , n ' �• • ,·• Cir.::uitCnurt ,if Ro.::kinuhan1Coul\l)' . Tt'n11. • • rvn.t11/111 ,,,,u~· ,,,,,.,.tJ1r-,at·,,, ••itil ,,,,,-,.1,nff , ......., 1..,, 191 �• • ,. • Cir.::uit Cnurt nf Ro.:kinuh:1111 Cou111y. Term. JC)J UN/Jl,,'l:KJJ, ]'J1,,t • • (Vfl.ttt ,,,,. 1/11y~· ,il/,-"'lur,c·,I -'I'll ••ttil t,,1;-,.lrn.f 1.,•1 ,,,. ... 70 �t; ''"'''""" ~""""" tA, " .... t. ... .,..,, • .t 0( I, I I �' ,, ' .. • ~tc1C:u:.:-ta' l9Z<l. Ii l tee re:, 1.z...rn, el4o ot 't.1.:e he;d, d Ral ~h. Sh1i1 l t"le • sbovo \her1;1 ttlr.,,1 lou.C33.;T w l!l!l:;. dld e\rlll~ left t Ide w~u1d, did r:.li ea.ld, t~r .. a~; .1Vl.r'<l 1'0 he tho nald llve; Ralph on whloh re.t.d F!llp.lJ E'llf ....le!:., tlo sa.,, ln let n, .... Thie V .... .l, ft .... !:t.au , oi tho l!'ld !a~nt u' s'11l!C.etf COU;;llOllW a..lph 11.d llneuleh ,n ~f,:ire Cc-awforo, lej. t. 1,1tt, trt111 Sr.1.tl•~t. t':e tho ~"'otee~td ,~~ -- £811, dal B.!!d lo..n,eu.:iahl lf? ;J•Hr 1924., the o! e-.14 .ir., o! tho c fV:1.1d :-t:11 Ralph :tela_•;l-1.:.£1!", 11;1l1·,1ll.,. Jld .:ill .ul th the aid, a,.~ DI ,o.rd.r. &£!a ,,at Vlrg:..1.ll.la. l• 1o&lnd an the o~• •...et:terv Shli .,'T. a fra.~t.u.re1.. s~c. .. l to hlc, ana fi'>rm afor.:iaaid, and of hlJI JO&lice ~iorotliougnt, ,t)euc,1 and 111£.Illti and c,1~c t,b 1ro1n ~h• eaid t)'te cn:mt., it, • r.s,;a.lJ_c of-,rot">oae,i I:\. ds_.. ot' Jull, t.ha.1 tho 8&.lU in ::inner '3h_1f' ..~1.t, 1 ln e.'1!1tLt,O St>1f!lu\\, 1n \.be ;:::oa.n•:tutoreea.lp.. i, 1 a.lid 11-e II u• 01 t.la he.a .... n1 ~v• he, atoras 11..J of l'fl\..h ~!le st.0?111 a.foretmli, a11d '"'lftre. f}f.t, t'1e :Jti.r, t.h~ f:'.aid R.llph and '· 40 ,r•tt:O'"''",;. !.hlt oath8 tl.flOll t:belr and t1tet1ooi:j' , cf the t I': J1h-.~0-: "'°"' ...._. 1 .• »• Dnu•'ft, t. /.c •v .. 1~n•• ,,.a O �... " <J. ;,. • "•u, • -• .... ' • ~ ... .. ~· 0 r, -1 t> •: ".. " J;; ,. Ii ,, ... , .. .,. " .. .. .. .. ~ f ~ 0 ,- ~ . ~ • <, • " � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. A.J. Crawford Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with felony murder. Subject The topic of the resource Felony Murder Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_008_253 Crawford Shifflett https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/e634785d1ac409d5fdbe47a1d2852128.pdf dcea00072b0a3e084500c751eb831297 PDF Text Text COMMONWEAL 1'H OF VI RGINIA , COUNTY O:h1 ROC KI NGHAM, to-wit : In the Circui t Court of said Coun t y : The grand jurors in am for the body of said coun t y of Back ingham and now atte n ding said Court a t its April term, 19 25, upon t heir oaths do pres ent t hat A. J. Kile, on or about t he -,!day of April, 192 5 , di d un lawf ully a1n f elonio usly g ive ardent spirits to o ne Lawren c e Baker, a minor, agains t the peace and dignity of the Commo nwealth of Virgin ia. This i nd ictment is f ou11ti on the testimo ny of Lawren c e Ba k er, a wi tness swo rn i n c ourt an u s ent b e f o r e the gran d j ury to g ive evi d ence. �' 4- ! . """~ zJ- "~ ) Commonw ealth v J Indic tment A. J. Ki le "~~i ,- t~ \~ ..rJ ~ - ~, ', I - i ' <-:, I L-' . • , 1 ~ '':. : A I .. ,) ! Apri l ter m 1925 ' ~ ' .~ i ".1 0 r f . 5-V ½ _. r"\ True Bill : p,1£;~a'u ~ . ~ .... ~ ~ t" .. <(' ti.~ ~ .... , ·~ "> ~ .D . W. Earman Comm onwea lth's Attor n ey �n C ,C UIT COURI' OF RO WE v. A. COU l , VI DI • TH C GE O '.l. .n y. • KILE If you find the accused, • Kil e , not guilty , you will say so and no more . If you find him guilty as charge d in the indictmen t, then • ou will say so and fix h i s punishment by confinement in the pen'ten t iar for no t less than one nor more than F' I !,~ears, or, in , our discr etion, by confinement in j ail for a eriod of not less than six nor mor e tha n twelve months and a fine no te ceeding five hundred dollars. �Co• monweal th v. •• • J. Kile .. . . . , ...... Char ge t o t he J Qry D. W. E . C .A. �Virginia,C ounty of Rockingham,To 'V it: This day Andrew Kile andE.D.Lon g and John I.Fries came before me,J. M. Derrer,Ju stice of the Peace,of Rockingham County,Va .and severally and respectiv ely acknowledg ed themselve s to be indebted to the Common~ea lth of Virg inia in the sum of $ 500.00 to be levied on their respectiv e goods and chattles,l ands andteneme nts,as to which obligation they waive thett Homestead and all other exemption s. YET UPON THIS CONDITION tha t if the said Andrew Kile shall personally appear befor the Judge of the circuit court of Rockingham County,Va . on the first day of the next term of C o u r ~ h e 20th day of April 1925,then and there to answer a certain . upon which he stands c charged.an d shall not depart therefrom without leave,then this reoognizea noe shall be void otherwise to remain in full force and Virtue. Witnes s the follo wing signature s and seals this the IIth day of April 1925. Seal Seal Seal Taken and acknowled ged before me this the IIth day of April I9 25. �. . : ~ ~ "~. ti ~ ir . -· .. -~ ,..-. "· . ~ 'I ~ ~ t, ~ ·t ~( ""' ~ ~ ~- J~ 1i �to-wit: Commonwealth of Virginia---City, County of WHEREA S ... ~. . .... < . W.i. . ~~·~· •~ ..~ 7-f the said ........ ......... . Here insert name of affiant or affiants ,4 Jounty Clfy OT- ... .. ' ~.. ....!.. ~ ha s thi s day made complaint and information on oath before me,. ~Name itle of Magistrate stated in the said ....... ..... ..and State of the said ... ................ that he verily believes for reasons hereinafter ~County ~ County Ardent Spirits are being unlawfull y manufactur ed, sold, kept, stored possessed, held, used, (a) /4 .~. /... ............. ~ .~.-.:..~~.' ~ /2 . '. ...V.. ~. ./:i~;·b .. ·· -~. .~ ...... .~... !I~.~. .~.~·~·· .!.::.~. !!..-.~ -.. ~ by one ..~ .....~✓ and concealed in a c e r t a i n . ~.:-:-: . A. .. Here describe th~·";"~::, room or boat, as the case Gi ~~"7·U:ame unknown, say "Whose name i ~ ~ · · ~ ; ; ; ~ n : . : ~ · ~ ~ ~ - (b) A still, still cap, worm, tubs, fermenters and other appliances connected with such still and used, and m ash and other sub stances, capable of being used, in the manufactur e of Ardent Spirits, are unlawfully in th e possession of, an.cl unlawfully used by one say Give name; if name unknown 111 a (c) , .a~. /J. ~ ~... "V{hose name is to the informJ;~ ~~:~." ::;~:, Sp;:::~~;u~~:t:~~l~f~-~ transported 111 ... ........... .......... ...... ...... . certain baggage or a certain vehicle, to-wit : a certain ............... or what not Here describe vehicle, nut,11 \\•a gon, carriage, buggy, boat, baggage .. .... ...................... ... ......... ...... ................ ... ........... ..... by one ....... .... .... .... ....... ..... .. ..... .... ... .. ... .. .. ..... ... .....................as..... in (a) above Here give naml.!, or dtscribe And there being reasonable and probable cause for such belief, on account of the following stated by the affiant and others, to-wit: that ... ~~~.' . . .. .. . .. .. facts 'f....~ ..... .....•.. . .. ...·...~ ~ · · · · ~ · · · ~ ·· · · · ~ ~.. ~ ..~ . · ~ · · · ·· · ~ · ·' ··~ · · · · · ~ ·· ~ · ~ · · · ·~ .... &.......~ ................................................................................... ..................... ............................ . e said ............ ...... .... .......... ..... . This is to certify that I have thi s day issued a search warrant to search thHere say place, house, room, boat ::::~ ~;;;o;~·:•;:;;:,51/:::::;; Here state what is to be searched or as, "Ardent Spirits," still, still cap, mash or what not. Given under" my :: �AFFIDAV IT FOR A WARRAN T TO SEARCH FOR ARDENT SPIRITS, ETC. Commonwe alth of Virginia Filed in the Clerk's Office of the ......................... .... .. .... . Court of the ............. ......... of ........................ .............. ... .... .Va. County or City Name Court of the .......................................... .... ....... ....................... .. Virginia, this ........ .... day of ....................................192....... . Clerk By .......................................... ............................ .. .. D. C. t' j �Arrest Warrant COMMONWEAL T H OF VI R OCKI NG HAM C To, ___.:::,,.,_..L.:..L~ ~~ ;lt:::=~=-,1--- ~ ( __ _ _ __ , a Constable of said County: Whereas,-----'!~t::-~"kJ.~ ~~::S.Q_g_'.:::JL~:___ _ _ _ _ _ of the said County, has this day made - - -- - - - - - - - -a Justice of the said County, These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to command you forthwith to apprehend and bring before me, or some oth r Justice of the said County, the body of the said. - - - - - - e further dealt with according to law. And you are required to summon - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth, on the examinat\on touching the said offence. Given under my hand and seal this__L/_ __ day of \ No. 3 8 ~ - - -, in the year 19- m rff j £ ~ ~ N EWS·RECORD CO ., HARRIS ONB UR G, VA , . J. P. (Seal) �Comm onwealth vs. } Arrest Warrant ... 4~ Executed the w ithin w11rrn11t by arres ting !. and delivering tlt e body of a Ju stice of Rockingltmn County, a11d by snm- 111011i11g the within named w itnesses in person, ,._; ~ Rockingham County. .. �INSTRUCT I 01f NO . -- -• The Cou rt inst ruc ts the jury that in orde r to con vict the ac cuse d , it i s not suff icie nt to crea te a susp icio n or pro bab ility of gui lt , but the evid ence mus t go furt her and excl ude ever y reas ona ble hyp othe sis, exce pt that of gui lt . �----- �.. - .-~ -. .. ~ �,._ �(. ". <;~ uk • 17 .# �;/2; �{3, 7 tJ2r/l,l! fl~ / t'., J. ~ , r A_ '/> Jnr !-I <. f'7 ""') J.t,," l > / ) t"' .,. ~ . i., 5tr:·=z- . 1t tL-Lc f I 7ri n[ 7' • :b !' H r;;:;;:c, . lv1.A. ~~ ttzC 5, $ /! (R,.i--,-,,rfi< " . - t.. . ~/4;..-r s. {t,,~b> - - y,-..l;lu-A, ~ I. >'S ' -I / ~7tt <-{,, t·qn ,sL..,. ��JJ J !\ ) I lv r f r- . . fo :fL 6 .f: C P --'<-8 ] (Cl .C.) ~~~ ~ ~-L L- . l'l,2 . :; ~ ~ r ~ ·l Cl-~~· , - ~~~ ' ~ ' ~ rit (' t I t I = . ..ft, ½ f • ~ .. l 1 )'. j l I J f l~ i ' -i .f - / ~ ~ l l j f, - - �I l I • . ' • J ·I I .l ' I .l . l I / � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &lt;strong&gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&lt;/strong&gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&nbsp;<br /><br />For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "<a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids">Finding Aids</a>" tab in the menu above. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse Subject The topic of the resource Prohibition--History Prohibition--Government policy--United States Prohibition--Virginia--History Rockingham County (Va.)--History Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-1933 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Pro001 Relation A related resource <a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7">Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory</a><br /><a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6">Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&nbsp;</a> Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. <a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"> Prohibition Records Finding Aid </a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. A.J. Kile Description An account of the resource Felony; Not Guilty Subject The topic of the resource Felony not guilty Gave ardent spirits to a minor (Lawrence Baker) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a>) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RcPr-box5-015 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rockingham County Circuit Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Kile https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_001_033-commonwealth-v-a-j-vanpelt.pdf a8320e731d6ebc4eba389e8c6b8172b1 PDF Text Text 81::ol::e of \lirginia, RoG~i!Jgban) ~OU!Jt~j, l::o-wa: 1N TMEG0UNlYG@U~T 0r T~E 8~10 G@UN:f-Y: l'/i,e Jw·mv, of t/,,e Omnmonwealtli of Virginia, in andfo,· tlie body of tlie Ommty of Rockinglwm, anrl now attending tlw said Coit?'t,11pon tlwi1· oatli p1·esent, tliat on tlie 25tli day qf Ap'il, i11,tlie yea'!' 1887, ct special electwn ·upon tli,equestion qf "liquo1' Uce1Me"01· "no liqnor liceMe," was lield in and fm' l'entml Hagiste1·ial District, in ,qaid coitnty, in accordance witlt 011.aptcl'24S, Acts qf Assembly of Vfrginia,, 1885-'86,-at whicli said elect1:onrt, ma;jo-rity qf tl,e voteiJMst were ca,qt against license f'o1· tlte sa,le_ qf' into.vicating liquors wWiin tlie limit" qf tlie saJd Kagisto·ia,l District, tl1erevy 1n·oliibiting tlw 8(1,leof ,,;11toxicati11g l1:qum•,q witkin t/i,e limits qf said jJ1.agistuial Di.strict cifter the 30//i dcty qf April, 1887, t/i,e day itpon whic/1,liren,qe to sell wine, rirdent ,,l)Jfr£t.,,&c., 1:n said _.,_lfagistcrialJJ1:stricl 1.t11derthe then existi11,qlaw wonld ex_pfre. And thatA.'-]•[~-~l": t::c:r::.. 1zt'1~1-~8 _otl,e,· ays ; ,..._withint/1,~-Ti-1ruh qf ,qrrirl]ef11gi.,~t1 cating· liq:tm·s;o 6:viA_;_~t , on tlw / 111it11P,,s S1?1J01'11in qf .•✓.c~-~-' 1:n ~. . ·. £ft> ~~~~~--~;;.-~} ; 1 scW·;;;;;J,y, ri,i.d tl1;{;:1a'frftlwre 1mlrm}ully sell ·intoxictgai11stt/1. JH'ClCe 1/~~a,.,.,A.JU/d,f.~~-aud..a..~~- (/'11d #1,le,,,,_, i~JJ bk t · 1-J1h,,(_ 4~ f,~~,6t.:,.'JtrJ'I. ~I A-~1, . ;. the Grnnirwm1Jerr1th of Virginia. TM, indiotm ,,, 1 ,;.,fonn d ,,,, tlw t,.,tinw ..y of tlign;ity of ?( day cmat and .,ent h~fore tlie Grand Jnry to g1·ve~vidence. !( �::z~'-;~ ,Ji</~ I ,"1~? ~ �du.a/41;; ~.~ l!,:J,,.(tvj;.,w><., Md~Al;~ ~ y-V-,"1A~~L/4U-.d /{ J ctl_; /); ~ 1//c£nL ?';1~j-. D Jf-J 7 ~t?/ 4~ YJ//.g. i&vvt-_;/4e;t :9GL£d i,/4/ ~~L /i_/,4u c,u_/a,✓~ ~<J/CiJ<A-d(i;z~t~- c~u.,/ Cf~ ~(L,/Jvi~e{f'f~ Lz _ l;~r r~ t!/ h ~ ~ ~~&UL/~ ,/1-\74- CvrA-0< ~~1.R/l. ~ ~~'u ~ ,f.' f( f~f /~ ~---~~ -z,{" #P~ 771:;, 'll,'1-U~xf~~ #/~ C7;?t?-(7QL ,4~ ~Ho£~ ~-,\_ ~)Ju._.,'?-~//~'#~ ~ J??-c=4-ec~,cx ~d .. 0(..,,s/ 1/~ ~n'HAt%1~ed,Y-#/"Z~./~-. J:izt:2>a:>JL J;t;~ 4..---'),( f1 'l/;2~ e1~ -&_ I eLJU ~.d ,:;U,-vJZ.,-i~c?fJ'.,,:/4 t?-/z;;~~k~ .z,~-r ~~ /';_,;p~--- Lp7Yr1~-A~.>-uz,~~ ~.0,,J: -cj'£hg /{ -i,::p -•-. ~ k-~ fln~ D<X ~a£ ff~.a/ e_~ Z //2)&~n ~ ~. e;: #~ ~ ~a iU)L ~H )e}u_e;i ~d //Q (h,,z_ ooz_/~~:. 77-r~ ~_;t-~~(%1,1,<ZJL 1/~ ~a1v,_~~'4- /~ ~ti~ 1 ~L. :J-/u~~, ef't©-~~0~eL~e/4,_d,~✓~ ~ ~~ JfJ v~ '-#=~ ~ A'£ [¢4 £deri7 I t!-~~ /~ ~ ~Lade~we.-,~ CUt,<_&U ,,LJ-~~ /.Mf, ~d-iif}%f,#"~ / t!&L:7' ~ ~~ Q,~zf.ddz-£z fa?-Zcu_ow ~1-~/I ~fa~7~~~~ ~ ~~_:d ~ ~ . c7ll~Yir;~/~ evz~ oi-/~ L~ ~~~ 2)~~c ~d g,,u~ ~~~ ' , :;'-,,,,£,,.,_,,_ ~, ~.£. ~r nn,e_~ ~ /~ ~s/ ~-~~Ve}~ £A of~Y- ch~~- ~~ ~~ ~L,_'112,,,~~ ,g~ /4. ~lfwl. £1,~ ~ ~yJ- ~ ~d~ =7./Ze ,,ft d-ft~~fa-Zu av~:V-- 'J'-9-- Gvvt.d v'f:977~ ~ ~~i ~~eL z1x,_ ~ ~fi-RGVL ~of. /f.Ld~ of',J.O ' �/~ e f'~~ZJ~ c/~o,;7~ -$ I/~ vt.f C ~ ~ $l0vn-unL ~ 7 .~ ck ~;,. /,7.;J d~ th-'-kj 7-~~ ✓ H / fi:ff, "-' d/v7£ ~.L& d-k=aff.J (R~~-£o/~~ ~~'!.<_ ,IZY.1~~§ ~,.,4..,...,,,,__ ;,,,.s.i~ L ~ ~ /4 'i ) ,d~ &c-~tL • ,h,.,,J. 4-~ ~: . ~ ¾ ¾ l ).. ~ ~.~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~e- ~ d:JJ/vz ✓-~~ '--.:. ;~~qJ /-G ~ eLaup- 4-Jl,r ;:t~~~~ /~ ~ ~~~ ~rt, ~~ Lr: ~ ~a£4 d'l.-4.c1U:,~JeL7" LO-~~~~'-~~~~? ~4 ///~ /# ~ af</..<h-zr ��J. r ���\ �• • � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1889 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. A.J. Vanpelt Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Sale of Alcohol Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with misdemeanor sale of alcohol. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU LIbraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_001_033 Vanpelt https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_066-commonwealth-v-ak-bowman.pdf 93cd0fcc60c176e39d754fc248f6bc32 PDF Text Text rl'he Ne~vs lte~ister Cu., I_ ...:,•BrOJ?N J-Tarnsonburg, Va. 1 uv -1 The Commo; Yon 11 A. ::g~ ---G,eefog• 0 l'e h Preby com,111,a,ncledto s1Mnn1,on________________________________________________________________ ·----------------· ------------·-·------------------·----------~----~f-~'~·-~···-~·----·-· to nppem· before ..~),-~----·---·----------------, a, Justice --·--·--~-·~-.f~ ____ ! __ f!_4:!__t-·-~---·-------on in a certain matter the·----~---~----·-day 1 .90._k_, to testily ---------~-----------------, of' oontrm;;_u of' snicl Distl'ict, and the trnth in said Cou,rt d pending nt of' tu sny on behrdf' of' ancl nncletennined, between ---~----~-------------- ___ ._____________________________ ,_/c~---~--·-·----·-----~·-----·-----------------------~------ .-----------------------------------·----·---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .~~~-~-;.~---6i __________ slwU in no wise mnit, Jl.ncl this __ th en iinrler the penalty of' £100. .11.ncl luwe ;::~:;:~~~;;17__~--------------------······-· _--·-·-············~Jl ..f~_!_!_ dny of'..~--------, Justice 190_~---, (111,clin the 1//& of' the Peace, the:J!..~-- yenr of' the Commonwe(/,lth. ��Hurst's Standard Forms. Annotated. l f No. J I lun-t & Compan) Indictment for Retailing Liquor. 35a. I Pulaski City, Va [Acts 1897-98, p. 71; Code. §537.J ~r0ll'.\1J,\O'll1'¥~al' .';' of Yir@il\ia, COUJv"T}' OJ?_ .._...""_,......,, ~~ l.X J'J-/.8 BOl:.\'TJ; COl~/.RJ' OF J'lzejurors o/ ..., TO-II IT: S✓l/JJ (10{;:~·J'J": tl1e C'o111mo1urfaltllof I 'i/'[Jillia, in a!ld for . all(/ llOlt' tl1e borlu 11po11 their oat/ls prese;z! tl1a! ~ ~~ I ~m~~e J"~- ;/(l;Of~J,~~~!,~/~1::l~7 . ~ Ii;-~ ~ tr,z~ . ;t ~i-a1/i:_IP.1~ 1,ztl /y~e!I./\_/Jfl rt: hi.- ~ ~ ¥ .J"(ikl.i-l, ~ ~ /J.L-o~/ t1l..<,u.,,~ ~ mi.rtttrfs tllaPof, 11otto bt' clm111.' tt/1('/'f tJ-v t/1f ('ot111l,tJo/ attf11di11.(Jtl1f said ('ol{/"t at its tfl'!ll, i11tlze uer1r if_/-(;, .... u/ ~h ,illt/1esair/('o111dy, ~~ ~ ¼ ' _~"'f~ ~ i11.w1irltOtt!d!J. trir1e, r1rdr'11tspirits. malt li(f{{Ors, (Ill(/ sold. lze t/11'sr1irl ~~ not tl1e11all{/ tllerf lwri11,r;a litl'lr'sr' from t/tf statf o/ I 'imi11ia so to do, rt.(J(tillst tlze pNtte a11dd/(J11ityo/ tltf ('cm1110111rfalt/z o/ I i'r.(Ji11ia. , Clerk. .. ' f13y a recent act (Acts 1897--98, p. 71), the distinction between a retail liquor dealer's license and a bar-room license is abolished: ancl but [or the [act that a license [or a malt liquor saloon limits the sales to he drunk where sold, the phrase "not LO be drunk where sold" might be emitted-it might be, anyway, but is added in eminent precaution. If the sale is, to be drunk where sold, erase "not" in the phrase "not to be drunk where sold." Under the' l(e11ernl re,·enue law, it is 1101 necessary to name the person to whom the liquor was sold-o Va. Cas 06: 5 Leigh, 724: r Grat. 553-,i", The above forn1 may be used for sales under the local option law (Code, ~537): b111thl' ph1ase "not 10 be drunk wherl' sold," mar be entir<c>ly omitted, and the naming of the person to whom sold vr the place where sold will hi' a sufficient description. But where the entire county has not •·,·oted dry," allege the district in which 1he sale was made.] !: ., �• ~~i ~r'J ~~ ~ ~,~)1 ~~ -~ ~ J J <::; 1~ "-' '1 ~ -i ~~ '-}1 ~1T- G )> , ~ :::0 ~ .. r! C ~ "Tl rn ~ 0 ;,i:, m ~ ';.,: ? c7. !" ~ r r . ..., 3 m z ..., ~ .., 4> . I 0:, ~ ::, ::, ,• '\ ,.._ �,i----------------~---------------- tN f 1 0 · 35a. llurst's Standard Forms, Annotated. Hurst l Pulaski Indictment for Retailing Liquor. & Company Cil), .Va [Acts 1897-98, p. 7r; Code. ~537.] (10!J:A·J.y OF 1 I..\· J'fl £ TO-/IJJ': 11/Y•~-,_ ' coc \·~r co . oF A"y✓11JJ ro c \'JT: ·umrs of tl1P ('011m101ucealll1 o/ I 'irgi1zia, i11allrl /or ~ ~ .A' f7tt tlte .. O'rlit - .... ' .. o/ tl1P ('o1111t.1J o/ :lt1r,~t1A-, ~ ~ , i11tl1e .tJPO'frj7 ~ .. i11t/11'said ('0111/Ly, I /11st! I. bu rl'f a iI. a I J{ ~~ f~~J ...._ _JI; .Ir J I-~ r/irl 1/11la 1tf11 J}_,/J A n_. .. .... tlu' body rla,l) of~ IJOJ- ~ ~I> ,. _ _ ~i VUVt-l... 'IATP'P_,,,,, 1 -·~ lfL ,.!_II ·; ~ sr11r,tOtt!lt!J, · Lt'lllf, mi.rll1rps tl1aeof. 1wt to IJerlm11l tr!lr'ff so!r!. lie tl1r' .rwirf · · · , 1 r1r;,r,~·~1:.,·, mall !1q11ors, ((/7(( vT, I\ . "~ 110!tl1r11and tlzerr' l10ri1z.r;11lite1lsl' /imll tl1Pslatf' 1 o/ I 'il'{;i11ir1so to do. r1,r;ai11st t/1f pear-ea1td d/r;11it11 o/ tllr> ('um1101urmlll1 of I 'imi11ia. ('011rt a!ld S{'Jzt ' tL'it!less su:om i11 ope11 to tl,e 0-rruzd Jur!J to ,r;ire eriJe11ce. Clerk. [By a recent act (Acts 1897-<)8, p. 71), the distinction between a retail liquor deale, 's license and a bar-room license is abolished; and but [or the fact that a license [or a malt liquor saloon limits the sales to he drnnk where sold, the phrase '"not to be drunk where sold" might be omittt·d-it might be, anyway. but is added in eminent precaution. H the sale is, to be drunk where sold, erase "not" in the phrd,e '"not to be drunk where sold.·• Under lhf' g-cueral revenue law. it is 1101 necessary to name the person to whom the liquor was sold-, Va. Cas. 26; 5 Leigh, 724; 1 Grat. 55~-4. The above form may be used for sales under the local option law (Code, §537); hut the phrase "not to be drunk where sold." may be cntir"ly omitted, and the naming of the person to whom sold 0r the place where sold will bra sufficient description. But where the entire county has not ",·oted dry," alleg<= the district in which the sale was made.) �,. ............. ~ l! ~\ tJ -·· r· I ~ ~ G J J ~ c,, '~ ~ )> -i ::a C l'TI CD rr . ~ ,--A-. jJ! ' ~- ~ "Tl >) ~ ~ ~ z ,:;- r~ m z ~.., :. "' "': ~:::: :::: ' --3 :,,: '? "' !" �, r Hurst's Standard Forms, Annotated. lN0 f · 35• [Code, J Hurst & Company, Indictment. §23989, 3999, -1000, 40JI, 40-15; Hurst's Guide & Manual, ! Pulaski City, Va. pp. 537 (3), s+o-5, 5+6, 617-18.] 1 'Ofli\fl\Of\'1V~falt1 ° ·: f Titugif\ia,. ~.................. , T0-Jf'IJ': C0OkI'Y 0F,.··c·····-·····c,,········ · ....... ~ IN J'BE (J.0Y}/'T¥-C0riRJ' VP SAID COD".N'11Y: J'lzejurors of tlte Commo!llcealtlzof F'irgi7Jia,in aad for tlze body of tlze County of ........................ ....... . .......................... '........, and nou' attendi12gtlze said Court at its ............ ............... . ....... ~ ......~~ . term, i1ztlze year ~ (Tp , upon tlleir oatlzsprese!lt tlzat .... ···--·... --•··•·· .. ' ~79-;)---.z_...--r'V°'.---- ~ against tlzepeace alld dignity of tlze Ccmmonwealtlzof P'il~r;inia. Uponthe evidenceof ~t~ ......... . ................. .. _witness . swam in open Court a11dsent to tlze Grand Jury to give evide!lce. ··········' Clerk. ····••·.... �~ ~ 1l ~ = ;.,, ' 0 )> -I ,Z :~ ,--.-A- :::0 ' ~ l :r. -~ C rn CD r- ~ ~~ ~ ·C 0 L~ I -- I' "'-.... r - 2 0 c=; -l 3: ~ ><~ .,,, :-· ~ m z -l -n "" .., "'- ~ : " :::, 0 ;,o > I t-1 �Hurst's Standard Forms, Annotated. lN f I o. J Hurst & Company, ! Pulaski City, Va. Indictment. 35. 0 ' ::T:~:~::~:~f~ [Code, §~3989, 3999. -1000, 40II, 4045; Hurst"s Guide & Manual, pp. 537 (:;). 5-10--5.5.16, 617-18.] ____ , TO-ff'JJ1: Liv THE B-o'6wi& CO~R1' OF S.liJJJ COD'}/2'Y: 27teJttrorsof tlte Commonzcealtlz of rirginia, in alld for the bodu of tlze Couaty of tJ . /1_~~zJ -~ t!f-~ .................. . . ...,al!d 1,011• ottendi11gthe said Courtat its .term, 11ztlzeyear J iO.~ , upolltlzeu·oatlzsprese1Ztthat ,A. /(.. /j d'W~~- ,. against tlzepeaceand dignity of t!te Ccmmonwealtlzof T'-imilzia. witness_.. swam in open Collrtand sent to tlze GrandJury to give evidence. .. . •.......... . . ········' Clerk. ~ m~ ~ �_J _J I -cn UJ :::, 0:: 1<2'.: 11~ 1l ll -J___ ----:--__ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906 Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. A.K. Bowman Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with misdemeanor sale of alcohol. Subject The topic of the resource Misdemeanor Sale of Alcohol Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.<br /><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jennifer Taylor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCR001_004_066 Bowman https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/2c22959bf83bcff2317a99b09850b3c0.pdf 5391ba1da65fd709d35e9749ef70c501 PDF Text Text ~ October term, 192'0. ~ ~"' '-:: h :·) Comroortwee.1.th . .) E-J r·· o VS • :'.; ·- .~,C.. , A~ ~. E:emper, Jr. u ,; C) ... ~ "' ~ "'• -l t.."i > '-! -C rt,J ,D ;'t 1 r.:;I tJ '-! :) ·Y [.! • ~· • --{ ..: ·-½ I t.: +- O'..; :.... ,-.... .:) ·c.; (.'.j t-'j •'-.f -r, !""'> 'cJ y •' ::.tl Q Jtor i ·i>ni sdemeanor ( ' . -I .q • ·'-i : +;; (D l_ ,._, _;-; ·'-I - ti -~ '\ •-l ~ """' • Ll G ,_: ..... ~ ·'-i t-, ..., A. True 'Bill ,., ~ • { ' 0 cH 0 t:; 0 ~ ,.. c1- \ 0; '1t' ,,- . '-(./' .Q O "' -~' 9 ·Y .q .:!). r:-~ !"' .n • •h O ~ 1-c-" ~ t; C ~ (!') '"' ,, ~ "'-i P, ~ -c ti ca ·!' ·b CJ o Cl) ~ 0 :t., !°J fJ~~ I:: t, j ct-1 ti ~, ·h --C..: LI-: (.: 0 t" ' o ~ - a, ~ 0 ro I •·, ·'-I I O E t1 · ·-:, H ~ n. w. ' Earman l ~ t'J ,.... c:; 0 0 !-i - ~·- .J C) +, - 0 ri- i--,1 ~. F·o reman Commonwial th' s Attorne y I O CT') t; ~ 0 ~ t: .... ~ ~) o ;i ~ ~ .y "- r • .... r:J <Tl �COMAl)NWE.ALTH OF VIR GIN IA. COU NTY OF ROC1UNGHAM, to- wi t: In the Cir cui t Oo urt of Roc kin gham Co unt y: The gra nd jur ors in and for the bod y of sai d Cou nty of Roc kin gha m and nov1 att end ing sai d Cou rt at its Oc tob er ten n, 192 0, upo n the ir oat hs do pre sen t tha t A.s . ~Ke mpe r,. Jr. , a min or, · wit hin one yea i nex t pri or to the '. ,~· f fi:i adi ng of thi s ind i~_tme nt, in f-::t he sai d Co unt y of Ro oki ng• ·J I ·, ham, did unl aw ful ly nav e in hie. . poa SEtSB ion ard ent sp iri ts. ~· . ~ .., : - aga ina t the pea ce an 4> dig nit y o'f' the ;oomroonweal th of Vir gi nia . •' . I,. .: \ J ,:., ' 7 l I I Thi s ind. ictm ent is fou nd,, on the tes tim ony of , w. -Di lla rd and W. P. Win e. wit nes ~es swo rn in cou rt and sen t bef ore the Gra nd Jur y to giv e evi den ce. i. �i I \, I l Virgini , .oc~ing ~, Oounty , to- ; ·t : ,_ _ _ ___ . . . .,__~(\~J--~- ~-~~ {i: red that this day _ __ Be it r came bef or f or th ao ro poctivo l y a c- City of kn.owled ed tl rosol es in· bted to the Commom ·e 1th of irgini in <. -n 6--/!) Doll rs, to C':J u tho sum o · be lev iod ont -----------=------.::.......:: ..--------ttolo, 1 no :for tho u o of th Common m l t ivins th-ir homee~o z.1 a e ption nd teno- nd oh o d f their re spectivo rendere , t t e ame tim 11 'ton , nd us t o thi· obli 01,1m or right to di ch re uny li b ility ar l ing to t he Comr,onv al'th of vlr ini. und r thi roe niz .nee, ti th coupons dot ohod Stat; the ,..uroties havin· from tho bonds of thi t ju tifiod ·s to ir su:..i'ic i. n Y• ·x"ET UPOr ~HIS ONDI Ti r N• t h· t if the o id nhull persona lly •ppo r b fore tho Circuit Curto Coun yon t ho fi t d y of tho net te of le ve he otand ~ ia Court,th en thi to re ·in in full forco '.l' .. en 1 920 . nd clmo.1le d ( I ·, ...... c rtain mi~demeonor .- recogniz nee shell be v id,othor t ise ir 11 • ed ba:i'or • -<' this 5 ;$/ d y f ' ~ ~~ Certifi d t o the Cla, k of the Cirouit Cour i I there ho 1 not dop· rt t herefr om ,i them nd ch: rged thoreof , thon ~n ncorning or : nd to an.>1. er the ,Comrnonwe 1th Rockin ha. of _ oo'..i · h Co t • ��Arrest Warrant COMM ONWEA L TH OF VIRGIN IA, } TO WIT : ROCKI NGHAM COUNT Y, To Whereas, ~ "'· · 'd ~ rd ~ Gt5irstal:m of said Count y: of the said 9ount y, has this day made compl aint and inform ation on oath before m e , ~ ~ ' 7 a Justice of the said County, that 7 4 - 0 16 ..~~.{ i--,-,_:, '~ of the said Count y, i2,..__ on the ~ $/ ,....,.'ii'- C. day of ,J__ t!.J/' , ~:?~ 19Lo-, ~n the said-Goonty, did ~ ~ 4 - t : d:: ~ at :it ~- fu i,.-;,~ ~ ~ 4!d.- ~ .f- ~ 3 t:; A 2 1 'l. ~~ {f These are therefo re, in the name of the Comm onwea lth of Virginia, to comm and you forthw ith to apprehend and bring before me, or some other Justice of the said Count y, the body of the said- - - - - - - - - -- - ~ -.f'~ ~t ., 1 ._.__ ~ ..- - - - -- - - - - - - - to answe r the said compl 1int an:; to •be furthe r defuw ith accord ing to law. And you are requir ed to summon - - - - - - ~ - - - .,_L No. 38 NEWS•REC O RD CO., HARRIS O N BUR G, VA , l/; 7, ~ �- .- -- -- --:--;;(~p.-~=-:----- --- --~ -~- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --~ ) ,y 'W .... Commo nwealth vs . } Arrest Warra nt Executed the w ithin warran t by arres tin R and deliveri ng th e body o f ··n·~t1;;~ ~ Constab le of Ro ckingha m County . -- �DOCK ET NO. _ _ __ FILE N O ~ - - - "'· _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____,,. q. ----------------l''l FINAL ORDE R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 _ _ PRO CEE DING S Memo: Filed. -- i' L 71 I \t I ,, . .i 0 - .. .:, .....-, I \. ~- Proces s Issued. P l / ,"'\ /\\/'_/ \I V / / \! I " . - CIRCUIT COURT, ROCKINGHAM CO., VA. �- I -- I �.i I ,,, r .1 I fl .f ~A,~ I l f I ! l .f 1. \ f. l 1j ~ 1I {' kJ.' f j.,.,~ (v1. f _ l-~', P, 1)..~ ( . f l t l , �t , , � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &lt;strong&gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&lt;/strong&gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&nbsp;<br /><br />For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "<a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids">Finding Aids</a>" tab in the menu above. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse Subject The topic of the resource Prohibition--History Prohibition--Government policy--United States Prohibition--Virginia--History Rockingham County (Va.)--History Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-1933 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Pro001 Relation A related resource <a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7">Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory</a><br /><a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6">Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&nbsp;</a> Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. <a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"> Prohibition Records Finding Aid </a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. A.S. Kemper, Jr. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a>) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RcPr-box1-067 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rockingham County Circuit Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Kemper https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_022_051.pdf 86e4c7d8da5e0bb6db2abba506a94484 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. A.S. Long Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1904 Subject The topic of the resource Trespass Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with trespass. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sydney Ring Megan Pullen Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_022_051 Long https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/d388c019fef68099d214cdc2c07a2f7e.pdf 86e6e2ebe7ce25c82cfebcf0926c4284 PDF Text Text COMMONWEALTH OF VIP.GINIA, COUNTY OF P.OCKI NGHAM, to-wit: In the Cir cui t Cou.rt of said County: The grand jurors in and for the body of said county of P. ockingham and n ow attending said Gou.rt at its April term, 1926, upon their oaths do present that A. 'J: . Crawford and Moses Lawson, did, within one year next prior to the f inding of this indict ment, in the said cou.nty of P. ockingham, unlawfully ani f eloniously manufacture distilled _ a rdent s pirits, against the p eace and digni~y of too Commonwealth of Virg i nia . '.!.'his indictment is found on the testimony of D. H. Dofflemyer and W. T. ?.exr od e ~itnesses sworn in Court and sent before the grand jury to gi ve evidence. .l,,~ .11 ' ti.ff 7.,. �Pro- Mfg. ,__-- Commonweal th v ) Indio tme nt A. T. Crawf ord and Moses Lawso n Felony Apr il term , 192 6 • - -.,,,,_. ~/,"t·;,•, .-, ·..,, I ·• A True Bill: ;, ' : · '1'J , , 1, , I . .. t ~.~./~ ]' oreman . D. w. Earman Comm onwea lth's Attorney i �•t· Commonwealth of Virginia, lT Rockingham County, j o-wt · L ___ BE IT REMEMBERED that on the ____ <-fay o f _ ~ ~ - ~ ____________ :_ __ 192 1:,, __________ _ ---k~~·--6~ 7,A#~--~ ; ; ~ ---------came before me_<J'~~-Jf~ ~ - - - - --------------- of the said count,.v of Rockingham, and severally and respectiveJy acknowledg0d themselves to be indebted to the Commonwealth of Virginia, in manner and form following, tha,t is to say: the said _________________ in the sum of -~~ J / ~ __________________________________ --~ b f e / ~/if&: _________________________________________ Dollars ~ _ good and lawful money of the United States, and the said_~~L,~~----------.;,r 7 ..,.e,,.--,...,--(;2--v ;r /r-w a.,r-1""~~ ~ in the sumoL~~A(~_<('_t,' j'j'--TJJolia;rs of like good and lawful money, to be ..: l.e...u~ 7 respectively made and levied of their several goods and chattels, lands and tenements, and they severally waived the benefit of their Homestead Exemption as to this obligation, and also waived any claim or right to discharge any liability to the Commonwealth arising under this recognizance with coupons detached from the bonds of this State, to the use of the Commonwealth of Virginia if the said · - - ~ ~ - - -~ ~ - ----------- ____ __shall make default in the performance of the conditions underwritte;1. The condition of the above recognizance is such that if the above bound_~-------------~~~---------------------------- do and shall personally appear before the Circuit Court •Of Rockingham on fue_.f!'ti_ ___ day of the---~--------------- - -------Term next thereof, being the __ j.£'. ___ day o f _ _ ~---- ______________192 f, , at the Court-house thereof, and then and there answer the Commonwealth of Virginia concerning a certain_~----whereof the s a i d - - - - ~ - ~ - - ~ ~ - - - - - ____________________ stands chariged, and shall not depart thence without the leave of said Court, th en the above r ecognizance shall be void and of no effect, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue. first above written. Taken and acknowledged before me, the day~year ~0---- /2~ ---------- ______________________ .__________L~~------- �' �In the Nam e of the Com mon weal th of Virginia : To the Sherif f of Rocki ngham Count y, Greet ing: You a re h ereby com,1nandecl to sum,m on .... of Rock ingha m, Coun ty, at the Cou,rt to appea r befor e the Ju,dg e of the Circu,it Cou,rt . ... 19~ ,6 day of .. .~ Iioi1,s e thereof, at 10 o'cloc k, a . m., on the..l.. Conu nonw ealth befor e the Gremel Ji1,ry to testif y and the tri1,th to say in behal f of the .J.1.~... . . . ~:·• c/••:1• • • ~~··;:·2;,;;••~•·~ · ·.z~ 1FfHl.f l1Ml~91 ffior . who stand s charg ed : ·t ,:a~; ~l d:~~ ~;;a f elony of £ 100. .Jl.nd have then -d .... .... ....shall not om,it u,nde 1· the pena lty .Jl.ncl this_-;;:; nncl there thi~···; ,~~;·- ·-r Coi1,rt, at the Coi1,rt House , the Witne ss, J. F. BL.Jl .CKB URJf, Cle le of our snid . , and in the l ~ d th year of the C01n monu ·ealth , 1 c1,y of ... ~ ;v.~ ... .... . , Clerk . .'-c,c'. "Y:.-4 ~=~~C '.L/ L.~.,; >l?t/ . . . ~~ News-Record, Ha rrisouburg, Va. �.. ~ ., ,. :r Q -,... ;:; CJ C 3 3 0 ;:; Cl .... 0 () C 0 -~ ·r ~ I ! i i I .) \ t: <...: 0. 0 �Arrest Warrant COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, } TO WIT : ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, To Whereas, ... any off icer - - - - - - - - -- -, a Constable of said County: of the said County, has this day made rz.. r~e:xrode complaint and information on oath before me, W. L. that Dinsmore a Justice of the said County, ·au zz Crawf _o rd of the said County, on the .day of-=-Iv=1ia.~r=---c--'-'h= - - - - - - - -192____6_, in the said County, did 2nd •ili°iali~iii&--Unlawfl1 J ardent spirits These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to command you forthwith to apprehend and bring before me, or some other Justice of the said County, the body of the said- -- - - - 13U. Z Z Crawford to answer the said complaint and to be further dealt with according to law. And you are required to summon - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth, on the examination touching the said offence. " Given under my hand and seal this--2'9 t ~ ~r-ch , {:_ - - -~- -'----'--No. 38 NEW S· RE CO RD CO .. HARRI SO N BUR G, V A. , in the year 19~0 ~ J. P. <SeaD �Co 111mo11wealth vs . } Arrest Warrant /.ir. ... J.3-11:.~.~.... 9.!.~YJ..f<:>.:r.~. .... ~ .'.! .. a . .FJ>.~ Ud..~..... Executed the w itl1i11 warr<rnt by arresting a nd deliveri11g th e body o f this f . . day ~ ... 19.h 4 of .. I) () __. �Arrest Warrant Commonwe alth of Virginia, } To- Wit: Rockingham County, To_-=--=----=::..::......J'-v}i_ ---f.L---",!,:::::.,....-- - · - ~ - - - - - - -' a Constable of said County: Whereas, _ __W __..,J ~i/li _/__(_u_ ___~ - -- - - -:-""..'='==-~:---of th e said County, has thi s day made complaint and information a Ju st ice of the said County, tpat__ 7~ l?z _z_______,,. _____ _ _____ ______ ___________ of the said County, on the _ _ _ __ ~ - ~ - - -- -- -' 192.J.:::L__, in th e said Co unty, did ~ / ~ ~ ~ ~~ YV\. ~=-~...::.....-=--:~~==---=--,.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ These are therefore, in the name of the Common wealth of Virginia, t o command yo u fort h wi th to apprehend and bring before me, or so me other Justice <•f the said C o unty, the body of the said to answer the said complaint and to be further dealt with acco rdin g to law. And you are requ ired to summon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwca lth, on the exa min ati o n touc hin g the said offence. Given under . m y hand and seal this -2 dayof ~ lk1/k-f~ , in th e yea r 19 yf . J. P. [Seal] �Commonwealth Commonwealth vs. vs. r Arrest Wa,ran t ." Judgm ent That the Defenda nt found guilty and fined and costs as follows: Fine Executed the within warrant by arresting Clerk's Fee Justice's Fee - ~ Arrest /_, --- .., --,, Summon ing Witnesses W~tt ende nce and Mileage Total _/A ...~ -~ 1 -~ _Y.;'__ /':A_-y_~ . .....-<- --------------- -----------------------------Justice of the Peace. CVtf'T", J~ __ '_ --kt before a Justice of Rockingham County, and by summoning the within named witnesse s in person ·7 1 this_J- __ d_aY,, o;JJJ/a MIJ.____ __ __192_~_ c--J_ __J~ ~$ _@___ _ Constable of Rockingham County - �I • r ... . --- '• °t"' r A. · ! • _Cra~ord.,, & K$aes Lawson r ( ; . .~)LI 1' Ci-----.>L .L-t(.... l : r { . /, ., t ( ' p• I v { 'J 1 t !. ~ :'/I/·- ·- . t" J l ~ ( I' , /.~ / -f. /,. (< J • {/,//!.• I( " It ' " [ • -i ,( ·- i< . # 1/ ~ l / , I ✓. i ' ,, .,, ~ i ' ~ ,i ll .l k l . �I ( f ' ! ~ ........ i ~ ~ ,, "I [ t I • I r t f I ,, ~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &lt;strong&gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&lt;/strong&gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&nbsp;<br /><br />For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "<a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids">Finding Aids</a>" tab in the menu above. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse Subject The topic of the resource Prohibition--History Prohibition--Government policy--United States Prohibition--Virginia--History Rockingham County (Va.)--History Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-1933 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Pro001 Relation A related resource <a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7">Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory</a><br /><a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6">Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&nbsp;</a> Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. <a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"> Prohibition Records Finding Aid </a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. A.T. Crawford and Moses Lawson Description An account of the resource Felony; Indictment Subject The topic of the resource Felony Indictment manufacturing ardent spirits still Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1926 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a>) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RcPr-box5-039 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rockingham County Circuit Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Crawford Lawson https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_019_032.pdf ebc6c1c285c7bd86cad026ae906ddf22 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Aaron Graves Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1877 Subject The topic of the resource Stealing Banknotes African American Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with stealing banknotes. Guilty Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sydney Ring Megan Pullen Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_019_032 Graves https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/2b023cda5bd100cd2142942271dd144f.pdf 96d709c8ffbc8c2459cd10c435951c3e PDF Text Text October t erm, 1919 . Manp L aw I v~ 4 ,.JS -3_ , COMMONWEALTH ~ vs. Indictment__ ---r-:-3s I , / ,--,j J uaM I - - - tr1 ,-- - x:Fm:i&l~x For Misdemeanor A TRUE BILL Foreman .),_ ,. ., . (' Harry :M . Stri ckl e r 1 commonwealth ' s At t orny - ~L__ -- �Commonwealth of Virginia, County of Rockingham, to-wit: In the Circuit Court of said County: The jurors of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in and for the body of the County of Rockingham, a nd now attending the Circuit Court of said counN...aflJ\>b r:P<ir~ ii ~l jt{t~ENT, that ~aron :.Iille r , i •hi n one year next p · or t o t he fin ing of t h i 1 i dict1Jnt , i n said c ounty , di ~ unl aw fully manufact ure , of er , kee , store and ex pose for sale , g ive awa y , t r a nspo rt , di spense , so lici t , advert ise and r e ceive orders fo r rde nt spirits , a gainst the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth of Virginia. AND THi, JUROi.~ A:i'ORiSAIP, UPOl'>l TH~IR 6AIHS A.FO'.ttf:182':I~, ~UR!fH!IR Pflil!IB~!ii' , D.O ti - -agaiest. t,ho ;peaee @Re. aigRit.y of the Oommot1:·wealtb of ViPgift-i&.._ l witnesses sworn in Court and sent before the Grand Jury to give evidence. f �Commomve al t h vs Aaro .. Mill r. I �Certificat e or Commitm ent for T rial.- Ne ws-Regist er. VIRG INIA- -Cou nty of Rock ingha m, To-w it: To the Clerk of the Circui t Court of said Count y : I, ................... J • .. \!/.~.... .Keit er;... , a Justic e of the Peace of said county , do hereby certify tha,t I have this day comn1,itted said county , that he may be tried bP✓fore Ac!.:t:'.9l1: ¥ i),,:t,~:r:- ..... to the jail of the circui t cou,rt of said county , for a f elony by did him comm itted, in this, that he, ~1'1/fh/~·'I /Illf f/J/f l /l l/Il lll/f /I l l l f Jf/9/ , in the said county ........ manuf ac t ure ... ard .e nt/sp irit .s ....unlawf.ully , ..... and ... ha~ . arden t spt:rJt S. ~:t1:L1:1,~f 1.Q.~:Ly l:;; ~O:['~~ e>r1 )1tf3 :p:r:-1:1111i s~~ in t he said Qe>~~~y~ Given under my hand and seal this ?9~l'ld ay of Se t ember l__, A-, ~ ' 1949 .. J. P. [L. sl �THE GOMMONVIBALTH OF VIR GilH A, 'i' O THE SHER IF :B1 OF ROC KINGHllM COl lITY-GREETING: Wher eas Aar on Mill er was ind icte d by the Grand Jur y of Roc king ham Cou nty for a mis dem ean or and wh ere as the sai d Aar on Mill er was adm itte d to bai l by tl . \ . Ber tram Ba il Commis sio ner of thi s Cou rt in the pen alty of ~50 0.0 0 and tog eth er Gro ver L. Mill er as his sur ety , was rec ogn ize d in sai d sum for his app ear - · anc e bef ore the Cir cui t Cou rt of Roc kin gha m Cou nty on the 1st day of its Oct obe r term 191 9, and wh ere as the sai d Aar on Mill er, tho ugh sol enm ly cal led , f a ile d to make his app ear anc e bef ore our sai d cou rt in acc ord anc e wit h the con dit ion s of the sai d rec ogn izan ce, THEREFORE ifE COMMAND YOU tha t you make lmo\m to the sai d Aar on Mill er and to the sai d Gro ver L. Mill ef his sur ety , tha t the y be bef ore the Jud ge of our s a id cout-€ on the 1st day of the nex t term (be ing Mond ay Feb rua ry l6t h 0 192 0) to show, if any thi ng for the mse lve s the y hav e or can say , why the Commonwealth of Vir gin ia sha ll not hav e exe cut ion aga ins t t hem, the sai d Aar on Mill er and Gro ver L. Mill er of t he s aid sum of ~50 0.0 0 afo res a id, acc ord ing to the for ce, form and eff ect of the s aid rec ogn iza nce if to us it' sha ll see m e:x::pedient, and ·fu rth er to do and rec eiv e wha t our sai d cou rt the n and the re of them in thi s par t sha ll con sid er. I And hav e the n and the re thi s Writ . Witn ess J. 1!1 .Bl ack bur n Cle rk of our sai d c our t at the Cou rt hou se the reo f, thi s 22n d day of Dec emb er 191 9, in the 144 th yea r of the Commonwealth. -1::t, ~/ ~J c/ ~ ler k. �J - .. . - 0 C lJCf .r:· . , I c. .rr:r.. 0 I. - :r +. , JJ JJ , ~ O:L 0 lJ .. JJ I. T 0 0 ,. . ... JJ L lJ . C .ppa f.}IGl .P J rrg e o. orrr. . J ' J .. ~e o :rq I. GO C ~pe .• :LOIJ r::rJ J J JJ .p C O.ti..GI. . "J6L wraqs e LolJ rr::- ~1. GITlJ L e :p.rq:r ·.P I 0 0:. µLg lJ FI P G tJJG 8 g rr - 00 - �Co onw al t Rocki to bhe ham of Vi reiniaaunty- erit'r of said County , and h r ·_f of s ad.d Ja t he w. i nity o bef or e h ereof - h e cus t o of t h e ard e t spirits t h e Commo weal t ee er t h e b ody of Aa,ron .00:i l ler,cha rged Keite r a Justi ce of t h e said Count y , on t he oat h of spi r · t s stored on r i s an ee· er of t ie Jai omrnonw r.alt h of Vi r ginia , t o command you t h e , t oget her wi t h t h is wa rrant , l emin, wit h manufa cturin a o t he f ort hwit h t o con ei ar.d del ·ver into b ef ore me , J . arden To- wit - ) Th e ze ar e in t he nrune o sai ) ) unla 1 y, and remise s in t he said County , a w. R. avin g said i st t h e eace of Vir inia- t he sai d Aar on., · 11er havin waived a h e aring on said char ef e, ou t he said Kee er of t b e s aid Jail are h ereby re uire t o receive t he r1a i Aaron Mil:! er int o your Jail and custody , t hat h e may be tr · ed f or t h e sai d off e ce bef o e t he ircui t ount of said ounty , and h i m t h ere safely k e :p uri t · 1 1 b e sh 11 b e discha g ed by iven under due course of l aw . -- / 1. A hand and seal t hi s t he 2 t h day of Se t ember 1 19 . ~ J.P. (Se al) �• • H ~ H a> r-1 0 0 . �Vi rgin ie, Rock in3h ~lm Cotint.,r . t owi t; Be t Remer bere d , tha t t hia cl~ IJ ~ 2- rJ u~ t:; '~ fq ~ oame befo re roe, H. ri . Commissioner f or said oottnty , at Harr isonb urg• Virg inia , Y- Bertr am , Bail nd seve r:..lly a d reap eotiv el7 a oknow la i- ged them selve s to bo _indeb tod to the co-:mnonwo nlth of Vi~g inia. , in the sum of :j:' ~ ~ ~ c(__ doll ars, to bo le~ie d of the i r ~oods find chat tels , lend e u.nd tenom ente for the uue of the Commonwealth rend8r&d , ~t the ea.mo time w~iv ing their h omes tead e:"temption e na to thie obligation , hnd nll claim m or righ t to disoha r ge an;y liab ilit1 ' arisi ng to the oomm@nwe alth unde r this reoo gniza noe with coupons detac hed £rorn the bonds of this stc.to : Y,~T UT' J THI. .oo ! T!o. .r. That if the e ~:i.id ~ Ju ~ 0P t.t--!::( ~ 7 ! : ~ shall ~ f~- ;d- -- S::::::$;- on the ( ~ - ~ /f /f'"J 7 , perso na lly Rrppear befo re fG., & , , , , ~ . fi:d d'7 7'l& ~~ ~ then and ther-<- to t· n •\'fer i;he Commonwea l th ~.ftCA~~_;J for a nd oono emi n3 a oort s in ~~- ~"" ".,. ,..-f of wb1o h he , t t~nde ~d_-~'..!h,..._d___ ___ __ en d eh ull not depar t ther f rom V itho ut leave of s a id -- -- -- -- -- -~~ , then this r eo o~i - zance ah ll be null und void , othe rwis e to rem in in :fnl!. foroe and virtu e. T•·kon I nd e.okno wle ciBed befo re me· thi,e ,g d day of ~ ~~ comm1iii .oner . The :fore going reoog nit.a. noe is certi fied to r ~ r ~ ~-- ee.J. Y v Bil ~~ r t J ~ �.. �c o. nonVTe a l th o f Vir gin i a , Ro ck iI gham count~ , to - i t : t he Sherif f , a i d Co unty , I T ,l ain r eE> s , u a e p ty She r iff , n • . • u11emm ·n · o f sai d i nfo r mc;..tio ·he sa i d County , tha any one of the constab lEB of unt y ha s th i s day me de co - on o.a h be_ore me , a . '7 . ~ ust i ce of he hes c ause to be lie ve and does believe th a t a ron ·:ille r in sai i. Cotmty , is ~anu fac tnrint, ardent spirits mlaw fnily an d es s i d. rdent s p irits unl ewfully store d n is r emises ga i nst the peece and. di gn ity of the commom 'Jealth of Virc., i n i a : ~hese r e , therefo re , i n the name of the commonwe a l th of Vir Li i a , to co mmand you , i'li th the ne ce s sary end prope r ass i stance , to e nter i n the dE·yt i me th·, d. ell ing h o·1se o :f thF sc i d Aa ron 1.1i_l r nd the premi ses of the So i d ill - r nd t lere to dili ently search _or the sa i d erd.ent spirits and i f the same shall be found u o:r S ' :Ch e arch , thr:t you br ing the same , encl a lso the b od· of the sa i d Aaron :Ii ll e r, befo r e me or Su Y!le o ·he r J u st i ce of the sai d C9unty , to be isposed of and dea l t ~i th accord in 6 to l aw . 1 Gi ve n 1mde r m r hand and se£ 1 , t i s ~- day of septe be r , l ili -;,-4.Jlk1{i: 1 -:e e ce . I �xe ut,e d in t h aun ty of Roc k ing h t h is 20t h day o:t' Se tember 191 9, by oin on t h e rem ise s of t he wit hin nam ed Adr o ~i - er, and fin di n on a Wash hou se lof t !ln sai d pre mi ses a sto ne jar , oon ta · n i g le rnon s , rai s i ns ' and or e l ~p~/ t b e same be i ng we t, and s how ing t hat a liq uid of same Ain d d bee n rec ent ly in aid j r, and t ere upn , e aid Aar on Mi er was rou g t bef or e J. w. e · ter a Jus tlc e of sai d Co un ty at Da onn i a id Co 1 .:,ty . > ~ 0 Ii 0 0 f--'· I-' I-' (D t-1 • r •I ---- • d'. • .r 0 ~~ .mo o ~ . no .r . a t{ /i. -< m 0 ~ ~t--1 1-3 l::Q �DOCKET NO. _ _ __ FILE NO, _ _ __ vs {l ~- -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____r• q. -----------------~ FINAL ORDER _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191f-= 191_ ( PROCE EDINGS Memo: Filed. Process Issued. ' 1 -· ' "- CIRCUIT COURT, ROCKINGHAM CO., VA. �✓, •.-! • \ ., � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &lt;strong&gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&lt;/strong&gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&nbsp;<br /><br />For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "<a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids">Finding Aids</a>" tab in the menu above. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse Subject The topic of the resource Prohibition--History Prohibition--Government policy--United States Prohibition--Virginia--History Rockingham County (Va.)--History Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-1933 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Pro001 Relation A related resource <a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7">Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory</a><br /><a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6">Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&nbsp;</a> Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. <a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"> Prohibition Records Finding Aid </a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Aaron Miller Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</a>) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RcPr-box1-059 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rockingham County Circuit Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Miller https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_013_003.pdf 477deba619ca9f3cc043db0d87224f96 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Abe McMullin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1845 Subject The topic of the resource Assault Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with assault. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Annette Guild Sydney Ring Megan Pullen Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_013_003 McMullin https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_006_053.pdf f64bd9862c28a4176803e00e277d5e18 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Abraham Armentrout Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1819 Subject The topic of the resource Unlawful Gaming Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with unlawful gaming. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sydney Ring MeganPullen Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_006_053 Armentrout https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_004_030.pdf 051744e9791a086ebb4c2d96bd342476 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Abraham Armentrout Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1816 Subject The topic of the resource Assault Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with assault. Guilty Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sydney Ring MeganPullen Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_004_030 Armentrout https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_005_026.pdf d7d487907429a75ab3215928cf8698c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Abraham Armentrout Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1818 Subject The topic of the resource Felony Assault and Beating Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with assault and beating. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sydney Ring MeganPullen Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_005_026 Armentrout Loker https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_005_029.pdf f4b8c3feb1e5849fc3ba485de7673b81 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Abraham Baker Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1818 Subject The topic of the resource Assault and Beating Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with assault and beating. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sydney Ring MeganPullen Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_005_029 Baker https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_011_006.pdf 3a02480f74497de177da9f5c3514de99 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Abraham Bower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1834 Subject The topic of the resource Assault Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with assault by fighting and did beat, wound, and ill treat. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Annette Guild Sydney Ring Megan Pullen Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_011_006 Bower https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_015_015.pdf adfbca37e767c87c0ed4571eda7b387f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Abraham Earman Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1856 Subject The topic of the resource Not keeping public road in repair Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with not keeping road in good repair. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Annette Guild Sydney Ring Megan Pullen Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_015_015 Earman https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_002_047.pdf 949e9a70a248984a0bb5e6a129f9cf3e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Abraham Emmet Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1811 Subject The topic of the resource Assault Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with fighting by assault and beating. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Annette Guild Sydney Ring Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_002_047 Emmet Lokey https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_004_043.pdf 83e5e24158b6c27770e0caefac426ccc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Abraham Hamilton Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1816 Subject The topic of the resource Threaten Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with threatening bodily hurt. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sydney Ring MeganPullen Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_004_043 Hamilton https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_003_070.pdf c7846c1bc64ae6b53f84b684486f621d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases Description An account of the resource This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years. Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Criminal Court Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1778-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr001 Ccr002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commonwealth v. Abraham Hamilton Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1814 Subject The topic of the resource Assault Fighting Description An account of the resource Defendant charged with unlawfully fighting and did assault, beat, wound, and ill treat. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JMU Libraries Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockingham County Circuit Court Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Annette Guild Sydney Ring Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Criminal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ccr002_003_070 Hamilton Huddle