<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items?output=omeka-xml&amp;page=30&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle" accessDate="2026-05-06T03:23:58+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>30</pageNumber>
      <perPage>20</perPage>
      <totalResults>4487</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="6731" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6465">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_005_147-commonwealth-v-alexander-morris.pdf</src>
        <authentication>7c03e08f966f9bf9f851e816b7bcf081</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="78941">
                    <text>,,

,--~~~--------~--

~

.·...

Commonwealth of Virginia,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit:
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAID COUNTY:
The jurors of the Commonwealth
and now attending

of Virginia,

the said Court at its ..........

in and for the body of the County of Rockingham,

~ ....................

upon their oaths present that .. ~~···~;J'

term, in the year 190.&lt;J..,

..............................................

..

....

against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth

of Virginia .

.. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. witness ... sworn in open Court and sent to the
Grand Jury to give evidence.
. ....................................................................

Clerk.

�Commonwealth

v,

{

I~"

~

ti'~

-~~-----------------·---·----------··---·

----·

r~~L
A

F~~ ....

,4

-♦
•·."

_,.... " ...

.,

TRUE

BILL,

;:,,eman

�' .

Commonwealth of Virginia,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To=wit:
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SAi D COUNTY :
The jurors of the Commonwealth

of Virginia,

in and for the body of the County of Rockingham,

the said Court at its .... J~D:iJ.f;l..:r.v
....................

and now attending

.

A.lexander

.................

term, in the year 190 .. ~.,

'iorri

upon their oaths present that ........................................................................................................

and

day to the first
day of Janu~ry,
on the ...... rs.t. ............day of. .... F.~J;&gt;.rn~t~'
....................... , in the year 190.~..

.

lewdly

from

.

and

that

lasciviously

associate

nd cohabit

cl1cl..........................................................................................................................................

Collier,
marred

the
to

said

each

Alexander
othor

all

!!orris
the

time

against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth

and

Jennie

with

Collier

1909,
the said County,

one
not

Jennie

.

being

aforesaid

of Virginia.

,,._.J

Upon the evidence of ...c.~?.•..J;,a.T:r-!~!11.~?
..~!'~?~~

...~.'.:,~
..............................................
..

.. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. . .. . . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. . . . .witness ... sworn in open Court and sent to the
Grand Jury to give evidence.
~

7~

.....................................................................

~,&amp;~~

Clerk.

�(

.

~
"

~
!

)&gt;

-I
::0

C

fTI I
(D

r

r
~

~
;:,
~

~It

()
0

&lt;::'!

:"

::s
,,-'--.,

!f ~ -20~

~

3
3
0

t

(')

--:1

3:

~
(D

-

~

,-+,-

:r

-~
~

,

)-

'

,

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78930">
                <text>1909</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78931">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Alexander Morris</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78932">
                <text>Defendant charged with misdemeanor cohabitation.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78933">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="78934">
                <text>Cohabitation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78935">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78936">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78937">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78938">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78939">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78940">
                <text>CCR001_005_147</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="268">
        <name>Collier</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="189">
        <name>Morris</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24335" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14409">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_020_029.pdf</src>
        <authentication>8548df80d37d48b4f4f2290ad40672a6</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271098">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Alexander Scott</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271099">
                <text>1890</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271100">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271101">
                <text>Breaking and Entering</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271102">
                <text>Attempted Rape</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271103">
                <text>Defendant charged with breaking and entering with intent to commit a rape. Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271104">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271105">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271106">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271107">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271108">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271109">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271110">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271111">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271112">
                <text>Ccr002_020_029</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="167">
        <name>Scott</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1574">
        <name>Wells</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="145">
        <name>Williams</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25019" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15021">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_012_046.pdf</src>
        <authentication>bf55dcf44d769029124cc3e0f16aafbb</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279915">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Alexander Shannon</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279916">
                <text>1844</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279917">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="279918">
                <text>Assault</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="279919">
                <text>Attempted Murder</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279920">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault by feloniously, voluntarily, maliciously stabbing with intent to maim, disfigure, disable, and kill. Not Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279921">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279922">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279923">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="279924">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="279925">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279926">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279927">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279928">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="279929">
                <text>Ccr002_012_046</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="961">
        <name>Clatterbuck</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2897">
        <name>Shannon</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25436" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15353">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_009_081.pdf</src>
        <authentication>ac4bb565402d4c5aa5342822aa976e4f</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285219">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Alexander, alias Elick</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285220">
                <text>1829</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285221">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="285222">
                <text>Theft</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="285223">
                <text>African American</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="285224">
                <text>Enslaved Person</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285225">
                <text>Defendant charged with stealing.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285226">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285227">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285228">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="285229">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285230">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285231">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285232">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285233">
                <text>Ccr002_009_081</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="286">
        <name>Alexander</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1782">
        <name>Elick</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3097" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2912">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/8b0d012ebaacf02b5a3491186d4cd6fd.pdf</src>
        <authentication>cfada81ca6bd92c753c7f8bff86be8f9</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48337">
                    <text>COMMONWEAirr'R OF VIRGINIA~
COUNTY OF ROCKINGR.Al! , to-wit:
In the Circuit Court of said County:
The grand jurors in and for the body of said county of
Rook_ingham and now attending said Court at 1 ts October t -erm, 1927,
upon their oaths do pref?ent that Alfred ,Ingram, within one year
'

I

next prior to the finding of this indictment, in the said county
_o;t' ~_ockingham, did ~awfully manufacture, sell, offer, keep,
JI

•"

store and expose for _~al~, give away, transport, dispense, solicit,
"'"

;,

a.d vertise and recei v~ orders for ardent spirits, against t he peace
and dignity of the Comm~~wea lth of Virgi r,~a.
The jurors aforesaid, upon their oaths aforesaid, do furt her
I

'

presen~ that Alfred Ingram, within one year next prior to the
finding . of this i ndictment~. in t he said county o.f Rockingham, did
unlawfully have in his possessio~ ardent spirits, against the
peace and dignity of the Commonwealth of . Virginia.
l

The Jurors aforesaid, upon their o~ths aforesaid, do further
I

present that Alfred Ingl,'am, within one Yr~r next prior to t he
f i ndi ng of this indi~tment, in the said pounty of Rocldngham, did
unla~fully receive ardent spirits, against the peace and dignity
'.

f

of the Commonwea lth of Virginia.

This indictment is :found on the testimony o:f

w.

T. Rexrode,. and

w.

s.

F. Newman,Y,~

E • .,.T hurber, witness~s swor?l in Court and

sent before t he grand jury to give evidence.

�~

B. I.

Commonweal th
v) Indictmen t
Alfred Ingram

Misdemeanor
October term, 1927

A

True Bill:

D. w. Earman
Commonwealth's Attorney
L

�commonwealth of Virginia,
Rockingham county, to-wit:
Be i t

~~~~~~~~~~~'~
Harry M.

08 J'l'8

Bail

of the said

count y of Rockingha m, a nd severally and reApectively acknowle dged
themselves t:o bf! indebted to the comrnonwealth of Virg inia, in manner
and form following, that ia to aay; the aaid

~~

in the sum of one thousand and five hundred doJ.J.Rrs, and the said
t he Fm.m of one t:house nd a nd five hundred dollars,

e.nd thfl said ..d:.~'-±:.~~~~~~~-in the sum of one thousand a nd f ~
~~~H.'il--,
.;;._-u._~'-t[h.L~~A,c_~
hundred dollars, to bfl reepec ,ively rnadfil and levied of their sevaral
A

goods and chattels, lands
benefit of their Homeste a d .xe mp t ion aA to thiR obliga tion, to the use
of the Commonweal.th of Virginia, if the aaid

~ ~

shall make default in /the performance of the. c ~unclerwritten.

The cond ition of the above recogniir,a nce ifl fmch th t if the above

llound

{itjw ~ do and shall peraonal.l.y appe a r

he fo re the

Circu it: court of th~ sa id. _count y on t. ht'! firRt day of the nEtxt term
the rErnf, t. hen a nd t hAre t.o a n Rwer t he co ramonw~a J.th 1:·or a nd con e rning
a cert a in

_,_'1.AA.._~
______ by
J,._ '

/J

hiro c oromitt. e d wherewith ha stands oharged,

or t :) any t.ime or ti~ s to which the proceedings ooy he co ntinued or
f 1~rt her he F.l rd, anr.. be f orf; Any Oonrt. or J udge herf.½a ft e. r httving or holding
a ny procee di n gR i n conne ct ion w it. h t h A s a id charge, a nd not de part
the ncP. w:i. t hout. le ave o f court , a n d be b ound unde. r t h is recognizance
un til s e id ch arge. i s finally dispose d of or until i t is ' decl a :red void

,,

~

----=--.
/,

by ord.~r of a oompetant court, then thiR rec ogt(f y,ance shall be null

and voin, otherwise shall r ema i n i n

�--

�Arrest Warrant
COMMONWEAL TH OF VIRGINIA, } TO WIT :
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY,

- - - ------- - - ~ - - - - - -- -- - -, a ~onstable of said County:
· 1d County, has this day made
t4,,L~.![....~ ~ ~~ ~ '£ti.~~ . a

Justice of the said County,

These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to command you forthwith to apprering before me, or some other Justice of the said County, the body of the said----- - -

ciu~
{[)r, tJ;, ~ Ai_.~,½~~

wer the said
mon

1

xi

a~d to be ~ rther dealt with according to law. And

1

are required to sum-

ffJ«~

to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth, on the examination touching the said offence.
Given under my hand and seal this---7---- - -

No.38

�-;- I

Commonwealth
vs.

} Arrest Warrant

"-'

Rff
rf ~~~Ct,
ffe

~

},

~t
"".

~¥ ¼~
tf. tl 1
~ l .-

Executed the within warrant by arresting

and delivering the body of

"' ll,

~...,,._···· .. ••I. . - _ ~ ~.....

:e~:: ~:·~t;;: ~;: ::1~·s~:·~

rf:,,

~

moning the within named witnesses in person,

t ~.~
~-#,J"""

~

[!

�Commonwealth of Virginia :

To the Sheriff of Rockingham County, Greeting:

.
You are hereb,y commanded to summon ......... .... ........ .... ....... ....... ...... ......... .... .. .. ..... . .. .. .. .. .... .. ..... .........

to appear before the fudge of the Circuit Court of Rockingha m County, at the Court House
19. 2.7
day of ..... ...Oc.t.obe r
thereof, at 10 o'clock, a. m ., on the .... I.7th
to testif-y and the trutb to say in behalf of the Commonwealth before the GRAND JURY

.......... .. .............v.s. •... Al fr .e.d .. Ingram ........... .... ... ............... .. ... ......................
who stands charged with and indicted for a felon')' misdemeanor.
.. ..... shall not omit under the penalty of £100.
.. they
And this ... ..

And have then

and there this Writ.
Witness , / . F. BLACKB URN, Clerk of our said Court, at the Court Hou se, the .. ll:tb...... .
day of .... 0.G.t. L . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . .19 .2. 7., and in the 1J.5..? ~ th year of the Commonw ealth.

P&amp;l. PRESS, Harri1onh11rg, Va.

t

f~ P ~ . Y i ~. . . . .

.. .. , Clerk

�-E~ ec ute d

..c:
(l)

::

s::
0
§
0
0

~

/:-f

t""

~
H
&lt;d
(l)

Cl)

p.

/:-f

~

rl

&lt;I!

e C op y of the
b y de li ve r i ng a tru

~

s

Qj

.µ
rl

m

&amp;./;allf;J..7

-.::.

-..D

'

c:-N
--.........

c:--

rl

.

.µ
0

0

�In the Name of the Commonwealt h of Virginia:
To the Sheriff o f Rockingham County , Greeting :

You, are hereby co1nn11anded to summon

::J:9!? ~·~·.·.·.···.2··. .~i· · ~ ~..~ ~
.·.·.·.·.·?22.·.:···.·.·.·.·.?t·.·.~. ·.

ith;and indicted for a ~y--misdemea nor .
!:[
who stcmds cha'·ge
shall not omit under the penalty of £100 . .11.nd have then
.11.nd this .. ....
and there this Writ .
LA CKB UR.N, Clerk of our said Cour , at the Court House, the
Witness,
Co,nmonwealth.
and in the ~~
. . ... ,
day of ..

=. .. ...........

/??.

. '. '7i ~

News-Record, Harri,onburQ, Va .

.... .

~

Zerk.

�Execu t ed~

/ ~1/f;J.7
~

w i thin Summons to..

_ I n person .

by del1ver1ng a tr u e Copy of the

~
I

~

~
, _

�1

j

COMMONWEALTH

~

vs .

l,

1 ALFRED

INGRAM

.

I
.

M.;$J ~,; (Pr o . )

i

l
,:

. I
i

.~

•

,-

I

I-;
,A

t

[
ti
h

•

. 'r
f

f

•.
\
~

\

•

�f ,

.I

,,_

7

I

-l

,l · , -

1 t,:

)

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34770">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Alfred Ingram</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34771">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34772">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="34773">
                <text>Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="34774">
                <text>21 gallons ardent spirits</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34775">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34776">
                <text>1927</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34777">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34778">
                <text>RcPr-box6-043</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34779">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34780">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34781">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="472">
        <name>Ingram</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6730" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6464">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_087-commonwealth-v-algernon-fisher.pdf</src>
        <authentication>6eb0eb5f1e675238f9313c3c22253536</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="78929">
                    <text>~~j)_ ~ J;L_ ~.

-;r;;nv,,.,,=~

j(/j~.
=~~ aA... '

3f2~~

~ iJ✓ ~

",....

~'

~

r J::L--rA-1A__'2.-,~11T'.nf4'"

~

(U_

.

�1

���T e co".lrt
of' th,~ ls:i111 is
tr.e b'trd8n
bitt

r

of l)roving

to '.v1.rrqnt

03. SOD! l ') l•j

innoc,mt

3.

r:_o,1bt •

inst

rue ts

until

the
1 e is

th!-) ;:,.1ilt,

conviction

his

th 3. t

jurt

ot'

JV•J-.:.."y

~)_oven guil+,y;
\11°~qc:mse6

nnst

.r:;uil t

Circ 1 1.ms+.1.ncHs of

b8

r.nn

ii-1

IE'OV8n

1

3

case

is

Conc~.on7';'::-J_l+.h,
beyond

.1.re not

cient.

Tucker

•Wt~

and no+, only

on tr-.

r P-1'1~c:uRpi,;ion

th~

88 Va. 2.8.

q
c::;1lf:f:'i-

��The
me-:1.nt th·1 t
con&lt;sir';_,;1•3.

in

t11,3.

r:t1. tP- of'

t,hP, jnry

thP- C3.8e uhich

+,r1A't
th~3Y o:1i1:1ot

to a mor:'il c,.,,rt linty
Anclre·.'rs

Websters

1:.)-1,_t

by

q:xv

of the

re1_qon1ble

r'

o·_ibt is

~n ti;-~P. ,Jora1Y1.r
ison

3.:f.'tdr the

+,ion of ·.3.ll of' th&lt;-~ evirlenc,~,

t conrU t.ion

.Jonvic-:-ior,

irn, tr wt~

0011rt

and

hnvr~ s th•-3 rr~inri_of· -th0 j'J_-rors

t:rn t t,h0y
lQXNN

f'➔ ,-,;l an

tr,l t:i o:C

Ca Re,

0a se 5 Cush.

320

i~ 1,3

1.0idini;

r:;r1::=irr;~.

�:

r-... /"',.

\

'

r-...

\

�.
,

'

r

•

th8

c·J.~8 is

con8irl~r8rt

t,oze+.

':.!I'.

Tucker

1

Prat~ers

R c9.Re 88 V'l.

o~~8 85 \a.

Anr)..1]::· !",Or':-&gt;

c•-1r·e 8 3

'33

1~2
·,.. 389

�' .

�JI
I

J

"

iJ.

J

a/2

.

L

Ji•,
J,

{'r

.

- l

r

,.,.

l '}y(-

I

l

t__{'

,t I&amp;--(,;

~

t,

~;)

I. -

•

r-

..

fl

I,_

.... '

-

It

.,

-

�•

i

I
•

�!

•

COMMONWEALTHOF VIRGINIA,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, TO-WIT:

IN THE CIRCUIT

o.f t .._,vom.11onwealth o:f Virginia,

The jurors
bd11Yof

at its

the

df

County

March term,

on the

Fisher

1907,

o¼;,,.. ~

in and for

and no.attending

Rockir.gham,

in tht_ year

~ ~.....,

Algernon

COURT OF SAID COUNTY:

I ~it!

upon

their

day 6f March,

the

th~e said

Court

present

that

oaths

in the year

1907,

in

/I

the

said

County,

did unla'.•:fully,

:r.ialiciau.sly

and feloniously

cut

I

one B .. J.
the

said

Powell
B. J

Q

with

Powell

weal tl1 of Virginia

Upon the

intent

evidence

o

of

against

in open

Jury to give

the

evidence

__________________

pea.ce

and sent

to

---the

disable

and dignity

-------witness

court

disf'igur•·

-

-------------sworn

to rr.ain,

Grand

0

....._Clerk•

•

and ltill

of the

l1im

Cio·rr.:-.on-

�.. •

\,

-'"':'?

,,,.•·.
,

.

. -

-/

,

'
~

N

"J
,

%

F
(

I

r

�• r--

r

COMMONWEALTHOF VIRGINIA,
COUNTY OF ROCkINGHAM, TO-WIT:
IN THE, CIRCUIT

The jurors

terr:.,

in

~ !}~

Fisher

,A

county

did
.,

the

year

.;1r-&lt;4
~ '.t

on the

/ :L.-

the Ban1&lt;:.note

found
steal,

I

from the
.alee,

com_-:-Dn-iVeal
th of

UPon the evidence

and now attending

ui~n their

1907,

in and for
the

oaths

said

day

for

person

Virginia

&lt;1 ·
(

Ma. ch,

in

the

year

,

1907,

said

of him

the

a":l'ti.Y gl:l.inst

said

0

then

Pm1el_

BG J.

+he peace

Powell

witness

----

to the

Grand Jury

to give

evidence.

-------------

, Clerk

1

value

and there

feloniously

and dignity

0

and sent

in

't-1-,. ayrr.ent of $20 00 and of the

of -----------

sworn in open Court

Court at its
tlla t Algernon

.Present

.... .
and pr'ot,~rty of B. J.

and. ,~arry

.. -------------

ti1e Body

..

did one Banl&lt;:.note

of $20.00
being

com:::.onwealth of Virginia,

coun~y of Rockingham,

of the
March

of the

COUR!I' OF S_AID COUNTY:

of' the

��</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78918">
                <text>1907</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78919">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Algernon Fisher</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78920">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony attempted murder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78921">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="78922">
                <text>Attempted Murder</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78923">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78924">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78925">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78926">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78927">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78928">
                <text>CCR001_004_087</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="615">
        <name>Fisher</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="176">
        <name>Powell</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24202" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14276">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_022_033.pdf</src>
        <authentication>d5f76da37cbb5f7da210a02fb4ed4773</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269417">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Alice Driver</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269418">
                <text>1902</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269419">
                <text>Keeping a house of ill fame</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="269420">
                <text>Prostitution</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269421">
                <text>Defendant charged with keeping a house of ill fame.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269422">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269423">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269424">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="269425">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269426">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269427">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269428">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="269429">
                <text>Ccr002_022_033</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1086">
        <name>Driver</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24689" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14692">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_016_075.pdf</src>
        <authentication>11642c66b889b0c4efbb0c6112a8c055</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="275529">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Alice Eastham</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="275530">
                <text>1866</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="275531">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="275532">
                <text>Theft</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="275533">
                <text>African American</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="275534">
                <text>Free Person</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="275535">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony stealing.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="275536">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="275537">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="275538">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="275539">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="275540">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="275541">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="275542">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="275543">
                <text>Ccr002_016_075</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="963">
        <name>Eastham</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3434">
        <name>Morrison</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25119" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15120">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_010_034.pdf</src>
        <authentication>6b8515a6c507aa91eef61456211221ef</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281243">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Allen Dever</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281244">
                <text>1831</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281245">
                <text>Assault and Beating</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281246">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and beating. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281247">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281248">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281249">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="281250">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="281251">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281252">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281253">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281254">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281255">
                <text>Ccr002_010_034</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1738">
        <name>Dever</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25359" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15276">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_008_012.pdf</src>
        <authentication>749bb11084f6c9a103081eb2772d5813</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284255">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Allen Dever</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284256">
                <text>1823</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284257">
                <text>Assault and Beating</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284258">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and beating. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284259">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284260">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284261">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="284262">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284263">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284264">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284265">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284266">
                <text>Ccr002_008_012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1738">
        <name>Dever</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25369" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15286">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_008_017.pdf</src>
        <authentication>5860e3c8bbb3c57b081aa1c343761fd1</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284377">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Allen Tutwiler</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284378">
                <text>1823</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284379">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="284380">
                <text>Assault</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="284381">
                <text>Stabbing</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284382">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony assault and stabbing.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284383">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284384">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284385">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="284386">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284387">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284388">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284389">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284390">
                <text>Ccr002_008_017</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1516">
        <name>McWilliams</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="800">
        <name>Tutwiler</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2889" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2704">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/825d0830ceaf42d45dfc02513c22d33c.pdf</src>
        <authentication>7b6d357611241d756ac60fa5bd75eaf8</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48129">
                    <text>C U

1

'.i.

, _ l JF ·"- , to-wit :

0 •' ?.

. n the Circui t . ' our t of sai

Count ·

'i'he grand jurors in

&amp;1.Jd.

fo r t he boLly of s aid Com1ty
t

o f _ OC J.{i n,;ham and now a t te11dilig Sl..id Court

its :B1 ebrllh r~1 term ,

1 i:..:, , U.1.J Oll t •1e ir oaths , do presen t t ha t ,~ l on zo Hen sley vii t hi11
on e yeH.r 1 e x t J.)rior to t he fincling of t his indi ctme1 t , in t l-ie said
Cou11t 1 of .,.,ocki ngh·

1, ,

did unlawf ul l y n anu.fa ctur ~, sel 1, of1 er ,

.ke ep , stor e and e: i-iose f or s :-l e , , i ve away , transp ort , dis ense ,
so licit , ad vertise
Je c e

the

agains t

1

e1.lllt

&amp;Hi

rec ei v e orders for ardent s_pirits ,
01we alth of Vi r gin ia .

di gnity of the Co

'.1.he jU1·ors l:ifo 1., Said u._pon t i'leir oat hs a fore s id
sl ey

i t h · n o n c year

d. o f

t her ...Jr e se 11 t t n&amp; t ,,.1011z o

ne., t

rior t o t no 1'i11ci·:1 g of this i11dict111e11t

Co unty of . oc -iugham
a st ll ,

.Jc.; 1

VJ

dld u11la wful l~r nav e in his

oscess ion

ti 11 c a , rrnr m, t ub , fer t1e11 t ·r , and ot l er a )J?liu11c es

c onnec ted ·1i th e.11d used in the 01Jera tion of
haviilg t he ·ane r egist er ed

.1.' his indict.Jent is i'ouricl

1

011

the

of Vir gin· a .

t he t est imony of

ca s , a witness sworn in court a,1d

grand. jury to g .i.ve e videnc e .

still, withou t

s re u ired bJ law , agains t

peace and d i gni ty of t he Co r,L onwea l th

VI • ., •

in the said

rent

u efore t:i1e

�-,,...

ll-

O •
0
:::;

::..:,

;~
1--'•

~·

.

V

::-; t rj
~
(1)

~

1--

P-

~

0

(l)

s(l)

t;.

~

1--'·

',._,,._,

~
~

f-?

0

ct ~

1-i

~ ~

........

U)

p-'c+

....
)

c+
0

t3
cn

t

•

•

......

0
0
M

I-'
0,.....

,.....
N

0

.

&lt;

s0
~
(l)

(l)

1,1

,-.,

I-'

0)

I-'
(l)

~

0
~

&gt;-

I -

t-

&lt;

c+
::,'

Iv

t-s
0

.
...

•

Q

c+

�aa y of thr-• re .rt ter m thc :r

_,;, Of'

·n g o'! tha t de y ,
t:.t. ton c •c~lock o-r tht : 111o rn1

we el th 01~ Vi r£; in1 a vo nc orn
~n
oo
...
th
.~r
c
ar_
to
,
a.t :r:-ll~j'.'1~onburg , V'!rgi.•r..1

c.·~

of.
~j) .

_______

____ ,, ...__...........,.~...,... ,.....
...

If"~•·
l' t-·•r......,_
.\. •Jiifl,
. ,

0.

��_ -e; _

_

} Com·mitm en t
News-Re.gister Co. ,
·
_
Harrisonburg, Va.

VIRGI.NI.11., / ]j)-!f:!VT~ .. ..
To ..

· .~
L/.v_.~ ·•······················'·----'

·················· '

.. dollars and

the saidjusiice, adjudged that he should pay a fine of
... cents, for the said ojfence, and

and

1

~1)

~UM.~ ~

.

and I,

~

·

·=

.. . . . . . dollars

coits, the cost of prosecution; and the SfJ.id

. ·{ ....... , being so convicted, and being now required by me to

pay f1ie /fli,ri, fine 6Uid costs, has not paid the same, but wholly Jailed to do so:
These are, there/ore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to command you,

............ ................... , and convey
. . .. .. .
the said constable, to take the said
him to the jail of said county, c.t,nd there deliver hi1n to the keeper thereof, together with
~ warrant; and to comrnand _you, the keeper o~ the sa~d ~a.il, to re~eive the said

;,.;;t;Zz h~a;;,;;z''f:e ~: ;:,:~! ::~":/::t:::!w:':!!'';;:7::.::;,'f'~~
law.
Given under my hand and seal, this
~ .. ,J.P. [L. S.J
of same
(For the collection of a fine and costs, a justice may elther- (1) commit to jail, as In above form, or (2) take security forIspayment
sufficient; or (3)
within 30 days, for which purpose an endorsement on the warrant, with date, of the name of the surety and the amount,
sec's
merely certify the fine and costs to the clerk of the circuit court, who firsts Issue a fl. fa., and, If It proves lneft"ectual , th en a caplas- see Code,
loll owing: "And ,, , .
717-18, a m ended, Acts 1899-1900, p. 644, and Acts 1902-4, p. 605, and sec's 719, 7'n. I n case surety is given, add to the Judgment the
of said fine and costs, to
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ... . .. ther eupon acknowledged hlmsell as surety for the said .... .. ..... .. ............. , for the paymentfines
to clerk, see Hurst's
the clerk of the circuit court of said county, within thirty days from date h ereof." For form of monthly certificate of
Guide &amp; Manual, p. 207, No. 171. For how and when person In jail for fine, released , see Code, sec's 4074-o, am ended, Acts 1895--6, p. 686.]

�t,

•

.,

'

•

�Form 192-News•R ecord

Virginia, Rock ingh am Cou nty, to-w it:
""

Commonwealth vs.
STA TEM ENT

OF

COS TS

(

J USTICE OF THE PEACE ...... ...... ... . ..

Arrest ·warrant ................ .... .. ....
I Search Warrant ... ...... ..... .... .. ...... f J! •
1
I Trial .... ................. .. ... ... .. .·..... 0 1
$

$

J

$ .):;

!

l
(

Ba il

.. .. .. .. . ..... ... . ... ...... . .... .. .... $,_

_ __

I Arrest ...... ...... .. ... .... .. ........... .. II ~--o
$

- Search ,varrant ...... ..... ..... .. ...... ..

l

J

$ _ _ _ _ _ __

I

CONSTABLES,

UJ

'f

SH('.: ::t:·. .: ::a:it~~~~~~.::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::: 3/,

rfJ

Other Fees ..... ....... .......... .. ........ $_ _ _ _ - I J. P. Court .. .. .... ...... ..... ... .. .. .. ...

(

.

$

ATTO RNEY FOR THE C'OMM ON\VE ALTH

i

l::::::::~:~:~:::::::::~::~~~~~::~:::::::::::::$_-

(

.

I Report of Fines;etc....... .. ... ... .... ..... .
i Witness Certificates ........... ... .. .... .... $- - - - _ _
.
..
.
...
,
...
..
.....
T
COUR
THE
OF
CLERK
I Trial ..................... ... ......... .... $
L Other Costs .. ... ......... .......... .. ."7" J/V ~-()
$_ _ _ _ _

1
~

\Vitne sses-N ames

Days

Amoun t

Tolls

Miles

$ _ ___ $ _ _ _ __

5___

$_ _ _ __

S-- - S -- - - -

S-- - ~- - - --$ _ __ $_

_

_

exam ined for the ComI hereb y certif y that the follow ing additi onal witne sses were
·
monw ealth and were mater ial witnesses:
Witnes ses-Na mes

Days

Amoun t

Tolls

Miles

$

$

$

$

$

$

$ ___ $
$

I hereb y certif y that the foreg oing is a corre ct statem ent of costs.

$

�.l

�Cei·tiftcate oe Commitment for Trial.- News-Reglster.

VIRGIN IA--County of Rockingham, To-wit:

Given under my hand and seal this

1/-day
················~ I

•

of. .

ks
.··~

...... 19~ .~

, J.P. [L. S.J

�I

,,

.

.rt
.. J ,#

�COMMON\ VEALTH OF VIRGINIA,
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, To-wit:

.· ...,._.

_·,

........................................................ , a Justice of th e Peace of said County, that ' he has cause lo believe and does believe that ardent spirits arc being manufactu red or stored for sale, barter,
gift, or use, in violation of law, in a certain dwelling house or outbuildin gs, situate on l l u ~

~ . ...... :,,(. . .~2~~·~ the County of Rocldngham, Virgini•, nnd
occup,ed by ...~

·····=

·c::c:..c...:.

·7 . •·· · ·. · · ·· ·

1 ; •. ,'

These are, therefore, in the name of the Commonw ealth of Virginia lo con.1man~l"you forthwith to search said buildings for ardent spirits and their containers, and bi:ing the . same n nd
the person in whose possession they are found before llle or some oth~r &lt;Jt1~tice '~f the said
County to answer the said complaint and to be further dealt with according to lnw.

~ .Y...day of.. ............~ ..&lt;-:, ... ~. .... . . . . .... , H12L

Given under by hand lhis .. .

�SEARCH WARRANT

�News-Record.
Harrioonbura. Va .

-· .!... If.;_

In the Name of the Comm on\Y'~
• ·

~i&gt;t ~~ni a:
To" the Sh) riff of Rockingh am County, Greeting:

You are hereby comman ded to summon ....

····· ·· ·· --· ••········ .

to appear bef ore the Judfe of' the Circuit Court of' Roclcin fhnm County , at the Court
House, at 1 0 o 'cloclc, a. m., on the .

/. X .~. . driy of'.......

to t estify and the truth t o sa y in behalf' o/

.

±-.~ ... . . .......19,ill,::,;;,

Common wealth bef ore the Grand J ury

.. . ..... shall not omit under the penalty of' £100 . .11.nd have then
.11.nd this.
and there this Writ.
the
Witness, J. F . BL.II.CK E URN, Clerk of' our sriid Court, at the Court House,
• year of the Common w ealth .
l 9.t4.,3, and in the~
!....3. ... . .d a y of..... ..

.:d... d..

.. =v@/,: d

/t

~ ---== - Clerk.

�~
' .

'118.

t#-rr~-

���ALONZO HENSLEY
l

.

ADS

Indi ctment for a Mi s demeano r
I ;

!

COMMON i7EALTH

/.
I

,.,

~

&lt;;
\

.

y.
...
'

•

,.

-/ I

j

""'

.

7 /.
/ l

,

Ci

\ .,

;

I

..,.
t

l.

"'

l

I

..../

4,,.

,,,,

�s

/

--1

L
t

t

i

I

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32244">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Alonzo Hensley</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32245">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32246">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32247">
                <text>guilty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32248">
                <text>posession of still</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32249">
                <text>manufacture</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32250">
                <text>sell</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32251">
                <text>offer</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32252">
                <text>transport</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32253">
                <text>dispense</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32254">
                <text>advertise</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="32255">
                <text>receive order for ardent spirits</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32256">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32257">
                <text>1923</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32258">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32259">
                <text>RcPr-box3-013</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32260">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32261">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="32262">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="222">
        <name>Hensley</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6729" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6463">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_008_254-commonwealth-v-amanda-herring.pdf</src>
        <authentication>10c09a38693e12aa9a8309c3d2467cd2</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="78917">
                    <text>In the Name of U,c Conunonwe,Jlth

of Virginia:
·rc1 t.he !'thttrift of Nod1lna.b•II.• Coonr)', C:tHtica3:

t·"" ~,./t

,...t, I

t'01ft

I??-')~

~,--/.

,, /'P.4--=.

t., ,111p ,,.

m u,,,~I II,

L

n

It

"?'-&lt;.c___.._
....

J"J~/fb.±:&amp;,

II,,...;,,,/~,+

f'l'f,)r.

"" "''"

'J/'//,;

t'ih·Nit

JlmHllur,w/,

,,, /01J'rf111f.., ,, n,,.11111./u

mulllonfltiJJ

lli-ii,j

o·
_j

,H·,

Ir'. HLU•h""frfrll.\,

J.

,,,.,,,-.,1·;~./2
I

l',mrJ

I/

Ct,,,•f.,- 11( futr

"f //1,. (l11tltmt1.
,J,

,,.?
/• u

•11. al

th,

a,,,,,✓,_

,;.,u11i",,1,rf.

,,t 1/11' lmfrl

(:0.,rt
19

~-'-f

fl,.,,~,.,
Jf,,.

. 1:JA ,.,,,,,r,,,,,,,.,,9-n,_,,1r11fl/,,.t•,,mm1m,1•,-,.11/,

J-.., f. ~..,er...._._.

..

' &lt;"l,rJ...

��•

In chc Name of tbe Commonwcnl1h

of Virginia~~
To the Sb.-rift of ~inl(tdbl

1, .,,,, .. •r 11,f1n- th
1/,11, ,,.

,f,ul~r, of /hr

1Jt,.,-,..i/. ut /fl

11't&lt;J,,,.')..11,

nu/ //,t ln,llt

1,1 Ioli/II

11·/,fJ '1 ·IIHI,; 1·11,, t- J, ,/

ti,

I I C-.h

1~1,y

o{

Qf lf1tt (.(,t1unut111'rd/tlr

n,,, 11/,1, nt

t/11• (',mrt

,.,.,.,.'7.....,..-~A
/.'J _....t'

11t,nn-•f

~
7i:t,-fl

,u.,,...~lnf

frtr,;l'!J11111r./r111t11 ,,,,,.
u,,,t, r the /it'rinl.t11 ~I J..'u,o. ~/11,t

,,,,,.,, ,,.,.,.,

H'r I •

ir-,,,._~
,!,it, ,,,

·1

oCL.

C'tJ"rt nf J.°fJl'l•fof/uw,

IJ'l t/11&gt;.

.-A...c..--~h,11( 1N1i om,t

. l~d 11,,~
•Md//w,-,.11,,,.
,t.

m.,

lu 1&gt;1,r1
u1 f,,.J,1,ff

:::.-a_. &lt;L-t:t.~

;

Cfrru.ll

Cou111y, Cnot'lln,t.

•,

1:1-.11•1.;11nn_\', rll"rl..

j,'

Y)

J

,C.

!'"'h

J.'J.L.

(!,--~•,r •lid""'"''·

5'1•11d ilt.

,, ..._,~
!..

,11,.I-, rth

nl

111 ('.,11rt

JI,,,,.

r,r✓n• .,, 11,e ('r•w fl•h~

-"
~..a-e.,.,&lt;.M--C-c.,L.-

,.1,

I/,,

w·1•1J1/h
•

('fr,J.

�{' __

►

7

�In tht Nime of the Comnionwenltb

or ViTglni:i
To th* '!tlwnU of

:~.-,,,,,,fl.__,
u-•'•l;Uflleo....tT.

Cff"t11At:

tJ., t"M,rt
,;-77«-v-~A,, rn ~.1/"
I',·

"'

/

""")

1r1t,,

.\t ,,,,,,.

,,.

rl,

ti,

,;- 1t,.-,, ,/
0,
.J

,(1,

'I

rJ ,I irtlh

,.

1--

--'

0111I11/nr I/ii&amp;

er,. ~
"~
,,,.,( lu+tfrJr,I ji.,r ,, J'•lrir,,11 /U""-"'l~1u,rrrn,II'
AJ«,U i.ol flfl'Hl ,rJUl&lt;r rft" M 1, 1ltr ff ,t lfl&lt;fi .• -In.ff (,.,,.,.

..,_..__-.y

-sc.-d-¢

._ e:.-??-'~_,;r.--,,.

(l,,n

1Jj-lt_

/'

JJJ. H•,~·1:tJ,'\',
,,

,,,l r;&gt;-~ ,.----&lt;~

rln-J. 11/vur 611Jt l'M1rt 0 flt JI,,. lor,rl
l!m1•,·. /JI'
1!1.:&gt;-'j me./ i,- lb., J,1 9" Ji. ,wr •/ ti,, c_,..,.,,.,..,.
e.. tll

'(!, -f
t

~-

...~--✓

(7,r~.

�c-......
77.
,,-.

c"&gt;..---at.a-

�lo 1he ~Jme of 1be Como,onwNlth

J- ~

of \ iroinla:

• '"l . ' .
,a..n,,
""It.._.._.,.._
~&gt;,
Jl"'I

f• lliHo

.,

...

trlut -..~

J&gt;s,

... ~.

...__..,

CrT-rth111t:

I

1--..C•

•••"I'

I ff"
-"-~,..__

..IIM tJ,t.
o..J llu-rr lit • ■ ·, f
111,.., • I, I- Ill

~ ,lu,•/

~•--.

'?'

-

,,.

•4' Cadado/ f~..- ,...._.,. """•'--,AaJI ,u,t ,_.,, ~■d,r 11-, ,..,.ally •f .&lt;.IOU .l,-d '"' ,, tAu
IC/tllll:..\,

,;_

•

t,,.,1

of.a.,..,,,,t

ll.:l..-/a•ll■ tl.11/

J_ f

,,.,

•I

llw l_,,

~"'npnr,-JtJ.~t~,-,

/

;,:'....._,,.,~&lt;._/

If

,u,.

th,

.. wablt

. C1,rl

_...

-,;

�(! ...... ,.,

..

�'I'll'.

('!1,l\111\l\'l•,Al.1'H
T/1 /'I/N

~1/F;lllf'F

OF \'frl(;JSLI.
Ill• 11111'/{/\'//Jf LU /'11/ \"/ J', l:Rf:H'J'/\'l,S:

1'"il't'1Ut( '{•Uri .. r H ·ki11,,-i1a1u('rnrnt,. 111ti,,, Cu111-t111111&gt;1•
, ...........~~
tit 1111~\~·•r 11.,

11( It 1•••rf:1i11

\\ rit

t _,,,(
✓----

�•

•

•

•

'

...
I. :

•
•

�•

••

,·
'
•

.r ,

co . '1'1
I • t c. .a.row

,:&gt;i

l r r

lr

t

•• t

J

u.l

i

I

""

"~W6!1.,,

t •'

. .•

-

er

:-b
VI ~

;

V

I

\

•

1 r

;;

r
d1

•.. ~ l e v•

' :n,._._t

b

r

r

t

t

ooh!'.o '

t

\.

.

t

t b

10

'
t

r,

.,. v..

1b

r

.•,,,..r.
&amp;I'

--

eo

-r:..

~-r

) 1.u

c~

ad

.

~:it.
\I

~ J'

•. r

l C.

..

r,

•
a
r1

~

•

1:

t::.r.

t

d

'•

' r

t

t at
or

r

t t "'
'

'

1t

Cc

• •

e

•

1 :c t

•l

d..;

•.

•

0

l

lO

l i h rd

I,

ue;

'

d,

,!1

B

'"'t : .,;;1110

••

l

' l• ' . e,
••
'

'

u

~

r

reo,

l

1.

r ubo t t~• 'lat
1,

•-~

0

"

I.A •

o.

'C

.•
I).

F

\~

~-

.,

b

l.u~

tut

l • re

t

.. i

••

r

r

.. ,o ;.Tl

#1

8

en

.

',.

"
x=•

- d u.

e

,.t

•

" d
a."lb

.. ' I}

n

t•

•• •• ·'

t

....no:t

t

• _,.ld.

·orr

- :A!,

r

B

I

•

.t

C =i,.ml..

rs at

• I

1.

•• d

Oil

"O~

.t

l It. ~a

t t

•
' • •

l ~ ....

,. •

1
~It

1

Ll

~~

~

•:;Q.:.

,o

0

r

t •• ti

• t

~

"

er..1.d Co

-.rbtra

t
t

&amp;e

•a d~

t

•

f

.,

r

""Id

't.

t

t

r.

=-t-r

.U-jl

w-"t

•

0

r

':

t

'
.........

,I,

•

V

•

•• .,, • ~-

�...•

t e -:~

wea .. th

b ••

19
1 .,u l

""ir

,ut.l

r

r &amp;

,.,

e •

:-r

;

•• t.1'JU

,rpcee

t

,,- et

,L.

f

thQ ,.O..l!?Ol

i. ti

,t "t!l
t

1

C:itL
10 J

u-:.~1.

f

tn

it

1. ""-CL:!!.,,

•h

.

~.,
~

.-

•

B

~

re.h

0

ll i£:Ul •.,

t

t t ...

. . -.
0

_,.:o

t t

~

•

Cocco • 1e

t b f

~1 0

Oil

g

.. .!

tt,

ti•

"· e

~~

••

i.h

.
t

•

r,

•

., .Dl t.r.r t.

·t

...- - P.crr

."'11i1..i..,4 • •

• rr

•

rp

'
B

1.

1.1-r o.r::. f•...rr

;.•tur.

r cl

• t

t

er,

.r

eo
d otl '11' v~l :..sb....

•

tn

....

f

~-

hlo.bl:

t

,,irt

r

f

8

4 •

'

or ••

Ji'. •

on

~.,,ev
Oo.....t.

r ..ii

f

t

hf;'.".'

f r tr~

tt

t: iule..

• ell r \!13: T'
uu chlifiett

fOl'

,£'

V

on

t .l

g•

,·r.

.VO

··" 1

I

rue,

ri;

d u..Ci- t e r

r

cr

r

•

-c..-1&amp; i t
I

,,__
...ll!

e;

f!!t

,rr1

£

e :.

tt&gt;

"

:l.

-e!"'rl

JJ

i

"
~w 1 ttu,cu

t.L

I\." th

~

C

.:-b.. n..

l!C!.:!

t

t ..'

l.i

b

-~... at

t

ll

t t 't

I g,

'

,

ti;

•

Q

,.tJ.r.

.

-

-

.._..

..(;,.....
I

,

•• •

1""av, • oe.

�•

..

..
.,

••

•

~
•

•~
'

t

... •
L

I

f

.

"

i'

-.
1
~

.j

f
t
t

re
~

•

,&lt;

r
i;

��•

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78906">
                <text>1924</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78907">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Amanda Herring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78908">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony promoting child prostitution.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78909">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="78910">
                <text>Promoting Child Prostitution</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78911">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78912">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78913">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78914">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78915">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78916">
                <text>CCR001_008_254</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="221">
        <name>Herring</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="164">
        <name>Shifflett</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24389" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14463">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_019_002.pdf</src>
        <authentication>b030b6a5d9b98f7ca870136b27e075cc</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271767">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Amanda Jane Poland</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271768">
                <text>1875</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271769">
                <text>Murder by neglect</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271770">
                <text>Voluntary Manslaughter</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271771">
                <text>African American</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271772">
                <text>Defendant charged with murder by neglect and voluntary manslaughter. Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271773">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271774">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271775">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271776">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271777">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271778">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271779">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271780">
                <text>Ccr002_019_002</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3691">
        <name>Poland</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2965" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2780">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/6289f8012f856beaf5a7f4ad06a46822.pdf</src>
        <authentication>c321271c7737b0930412ae2827627f2a</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48205">
                    <text>QT - TY

JR.AM. to-wi

K

0

un

he c· tcuit Co rt of said

1

the body o

· u ors i n and fo

he gra d

oc kingha l!l and now a te n' inG? said cour

of

said c un y

at its Octob er

rris ,
term , 1924 , u on their oa hs do prese n t that lL brose M
ar next ·r i or t o the indin g of his indic t men ,
withi n one
in the said count ~ of .. ockin __ ham, did unl awful

sell , off er , keep, s t ore and ex ose for sa le,

i ve a.wa. ,

rans -

adve rtise and recei ve order s for

port, dispe nse , solic i
arden

spiri ts, agai n st t· e peace

w alth

of

d dign i, of th e Co

on-

Vi reini a.
urors afore said upon their oa 1s afore said do

~h

fur

manuf act11 re,

•..br ose

er prese nt tha

prior to

~

i thin one , ear next

,1 rris

he findi ng o · t .hLs indic t rne11t, in

he said coun ,

n
of Rocki ngham , did un awful y have in his po sessi on arde
ace and d igni t of the Co~ onwea l th of
he
s ir i s . a ains
ir inia .
nd the

·urors afor esaid u
hat

do f~rth er - resen
nex

~rior

rose

Otl

their oa th s afore said

[ rr is , v"fi thi n one ~rear

o th e finin g of this ind~ t ment , in the said coun ty

of .. oc kingh am

d'd unlaw fu ly re ceive arden t s irits , again st

the peace a nd di ni t

of the C mmon wealth of Virg inia.

This indic tment i ., found on the
unk and

~r ank Ta

stimo n1 of John S.

or , wi tnes es sworn i n court and sent be-

fore the grand · ur y to

ive evjd ne e.

�Viol .Pro Act
Com monw ealth

v) Indi c'tme n
.b rose Mor ri s .

.
i s de rne a nor

~)
....

Cl

D. VI. Earman
ommonweal th ' s Atto rne y

�Arrest Warrant
:
COM MON WEA LTH OF VIRG INIA, } TO WIT
TY,
COUN
AM
INGH
ROCK

To

~

, a Constable of said Coun ty:

~e:wc:2

Whereas,

✓--

comp lain5 'd infor mati on on oath before me, @

a Justice of the said County,

/

that &amp; &amp; : ~ ~

th of Virginia, to comm and you forthwith to appre
Thes e are therefore, in the name of the Com mon weal
-the said County, the body of the said- - - - hend and bring before me, or some othe r Justice of

c:;;

~

L.

;Zd~

with acco rding to law. And you are requ ired to sumto answ er the said comp laint and to be furth er dealt

mon \~

~ /£ ·

ealth , on the exam inati on touch ing the said offence.
to appe ar and give evide nce in behalf of the Com monw
of- - - - - - - - - - - . in the year 19- .
Give n unde r my hand and seal this- - h - - -day
-----------------No.3 8

, VA .
NEWS· RECOAD C O . , HARRI SO N BURG

- ]. P. (Seal.)

�Common wealth
vs.

/I

} Arrest Warran t

/7

3/

{_ ..~~.... k..?...~

......

Executed th e within warrant by arresting

and delivering the body of

C .. . . .. .. . . . . . ~. ... . . . . /7
before.~~

..... .; . ; ;.~ ~

monit l! the within named witnesses in .Person,

l/

this / ~ ~clay oC ~ ~ ······· l9:h..

.&lt;L '{jf'}J.~ ··~···e_
emrstal&gt;Je-Qf Rackingl1aui.C.oJuity.

�#IS -/

.-.APR

'P~ -) .

.

1929

/

l
,;

!·
i
1

f

'-

l.
J
~

·l
1

1

!

]_.

J
Ii

~-

1!
~t

.,,

�\

'

-:. JJ!IJ I ,1¢ :.i-ll&gt;:

.

. ,.

'

.,,

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33223">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Ambrose Morris</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33224">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33225">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="33226">
                <text>Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33227">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33228">
                <text>1924</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33229">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33230">
                <text>RcPr-box4-026</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33231">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33232">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="33233">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="189">
        <name>Morris</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6743" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6477">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_003_046-commnwealth-v-amos-wallace.pdf</src>
        <authentication>55134dc0b71c83d298eaa41034264a4f</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="79086">
                    <text>--lo ~ ~ ~

�'

�l
f

Hurst's Standard
F0rms, Annotated.

N0

Hurst &amp; Company,
Luray, Va,

Certificate of Commitment for Trial.

9

· ..,.

[Code, §§3970·71.]
1

77IRO-IN.f./l.,COUNI'Y OF~~

..

~

.............

,

1'0-WII':

J'o the Clerkof tlie County Court (/said County:

I, ..

~ .....~ .

..~.

. .,ajusticeof

s°:7/untv,

do herebv cer-

~~
....~.6,

tzfy that I have this dav comrnitterL......

to the jail of said county, tlzat lzernav be tried before the CftJt1i:1."b
court of said county, for a
felony by lzim committed, ill tlzis, tlz~t lze, on the .~ ... .day of

f fJ¥;: in the

J

said countv,

ffi.~

...........
, .

£,,:--&lt;/..,u_,,A.f',._,.,,,~/?
~~~

:;~··•·=-~········~·••?~
.•
~~~
~-·j)····L~

....~---~······~~~./~

[For

;-

.

certificate,

where

accused

is bailed.

see Hur,t's

Guide

&amp; ~lanual,

p.

112,

:-lo.

5.l

��INSTRUCTION NO: '/:

'l'he co·irt
pers0n

ch·r

establizhed
this

instructs

ed with
by the

presumpvion

the

crime

j-.1ry that

o be innocent

co.am1onwea.lth bayond

of innocence

goes

entire

c ae and applies

at

having

heard

evidence

all

a reasonable

of th.3

doubt

or as

-:o an.. fact,,

in tne

indictment,

benefit

of

the

dcubt

every

stage
in

lt

essential

'to prove

is
and

the

to

duty

find

him not

accused

thereof;
case,

accused
the

their

his

a rtiaaonable

~his

of the

law presumes

until

with

of the

it

the

guilt

is

doubt

and

through

and if~
the

every

after

.jury have

upon the

whole

ch':l.rge made against
i ve the

guilty.

the

priaone:r·

'f.he

c~ e,
him

��INSTRUCTION NO.~

The court
case,

if

further

a reasonable

establish

the

be raised

by the

has

guilty"

evidence

not been

means

hy l&amp;w.

INSTRUCtION NO.

8:

CO'.l!'t

of any fact,

jnstructs

upon

the

tri.::.l

or lack

of evidence,

euch

doubt

the

since

the

acquit

accused,

-chat the

in th'3 pr

1c1 se,

the

that

jury

guilt

in the

murder

jndictment,

of the

f.'tpecific

cf

to

necessary

as charged

no more than

establil;lhed

that

jury

accused

must

form prescrjbed

The

the

doubt

of the

guilt

and t:1e ,jury

decisive
"not

jnstruc~s

is
7e1

1

dic-c

accused

and narrow

by~--.,

lying

or attempt

to

in Wa.it,

premeditated
conmit
degr

killjng

arson,
e.

All

or in the

ra e 1 burglarly
other

ruurder

commission
or robbery

is murder

of the

of,

is murder
second

in

the

degree.

first

�.,

�INS'l'RllC1'IONNO.

The court
frcm
the

the
life

evidence

the

bey•nd

facie

presuiues

offence

killing.

the

deceased,.

decree

reasonable

instructs

of the

law prima
secrnd

4tt-

a.nd burden
to murder

doubt

that

.iury,

even

a reaaon~bla

then

the

that

if

doubt

,iury

are

such ldlljng

rests

upon the

i

th~

it

was a wilful,

firs~

degree,

th':;y are
that

the

satisfied
accused

instructed

that

was murder

of the

common ealth

by proving

deliberate

took
the

to elevate
beyond

and premedit

a
ted

�i

I

OK

b t

►

88

'l

be

$
;t

)

i.

e

n

'l

..aw , ntl
o:&gt; e
9'l

J

-.

b

ll

,ed eo

.ab

~

ant

.,.

lJ •

t

n•

'ioot be•
e .t

8'1

b ~

t

'!

lJ

e.b .. 8

lf-

e .tl

elo

-t

..., b

N

t

9•
tll)

w1

1
"IO&amp;b

t

ti:

,:

b.tve en

"I aaeoe
f

rt

I

b

0

1

!a

•

1

�INSTRUC1IONNO:

J7

The court
instructs
the
~~
in -the case A there is any rea

r
;/

/

the

innocence

of the

accused,,

jury

enable
they

that

if,

upon the whole

hypothesis,
must

find

consis

evidence
t with

him not guilty.

�i

�INSTRUCTIONNp: ':

jJ

1he court
criminal

instructs

case

twelve

by a jury,

minds

F.ach individual

doubt

of the

defendant's

resting

should

tbat

realize
doubt

to a verdict

upon

his

case,

consultation

duty not
balance

of the

his

the

jury,

law contemplates

the conclusion
is this

with

is li~ewise
although
is

true
the

ilty

should

with

of the

c

entertain

the accused,

after

it

is hi

entertajn

different

guilt

duly

consultatio

duty not

The court

that
if

considered

simply

because

convictions

with

case

by a

minds

in

Not only
but

the

it
Therefore,

accused

any individual

all

the

evidence

is fellow-jurors,

as to the

to surrender

the

of the crime.

still,

enter-

is his

because

of the accused~

w

doubt

it

can be had.

deceased,

in this

should

guilt,

from the evidence

having

of guilt,

evidence

of twelve

to the de ree

· of the

a reasonable

as to such degree
jury

respect

member of

of a criminal

conviction

to the

beyond a

convictions.

trial

and

he can consent

simply

concurrence

before

the

,jury,

fellow-jurors,

defendant's

upon the

killin

e~ and after

his

the

oath

feel

before

all

different

the

a reasonable

if any individual

of the

may believe

jury,

guilt

own conviction,,,

respect

jury

member of the
in this

that

of guilt

true

should

of

an be

his

as a member of the

}:j_m

rith

doubt

in.,tructs
the

he can under

Each juror

,jury entertain
jury

beyond

before

of a

concurrence

be satisfied

duly considered

to surrender

the

convictio

Therefcre,

having

easonable

trial

before

defendant's

of euilty.

such

upon the

own mind must be convinced

the ~iury,, after

tajn

mus

guilt,.

of the

and after

of guilt

of guilt

responsibility

that,

th3 law contemplates

juror

to a verdict

reasonable

jury

in a conclusion

~ad.

consent

the

degree
~is

of

own convictions

the balance
respect

of guilt

to

of the
such degree

•

�l

�~ ~
:._J,.-

\
...i ( Vt

..n

.i ..

.,,

/')i.

J.'1 00

O,l'l

',..

('

. .i
,

,

.

..

'"I

fl

l
I"

o.--:

0 ·1
' 1 c'lrU.y

J

•r,ap'n,

,

:1
'·

r

11

J

.1 ~

:

f'

pa··":.

H

()

..

~

a1"'·".'

,

~

i

l?'

,

!:11Jo·i.:,_
1j
iJ

.,

.,.

inr:t_,

H~+,ion,

t ...
..'

r..,.,

:--k:11.

,

90

&lt;--.

+-.
J

...

J

it

·rr&gt;.r:

�I

�· ,E,~n~, , n'i.e:r +,1e

,., :.U-Yl

f)_

by

2.8.-r,

1yine:

11

in

a concP.a.:_in

c•ai t.

11

of one 11~ se:!.f in th•"' J8.th

of' an in-

��ill)

:01'

lj

•

r:;:~ y,)U f ..:..ul tht~

d.e:r

Cf&gt;

you 1ill

so •.mi d.s-·ertair1

0

ruil ty

hie

firD t

iI1 t.1c

t11e necond.

vrisunHr

r:0 t s-•.1.ilty

you find

the

.Pr:ils ,ne:r

n:)t guilty

l·:.n tn.ry

or c • finerr:ent

u1 the

rie._.r·c0 you 'Nill

.i,,unisiliner:..t 'i=lhicll s:UJ.11 be c onf'ine;-en.t

.or sA11on,. ,::.ee?;-.ceenor

,...i:'

r::urdAr in

the

inv

tiin.

of

I::' ~ro,.1 :rind

I.f

Glli::. :y

0..L .·.u.:rder

nay so n.nd no :,:ore.

b 1t

first

.t~r-LSOll&lt;-:!rO il ty

E;1lilty

of

.. 1.n-slau.:c:h ter

County

jail

voluntar.·
you '· ill

,P...:..tl1e:r

f ;:urd.eT

sJy

in

in

the

t'rn first

of rr.u.rd.er :in the
r:ia11-slau.:;;hter,

but

say so and. ascertain

~)r uo +-h in yo,~r di;3cre-

��CO!/ ,ON'VbAL'l'H

vrr. ,

coar t

Thl:

killing

"...ry the

jJ

la.;

of

:;r'::!;~tttn:.··
ins true ts

of' ar.y

wrso1.

,..,lw C o:.ir t in::, true tG
V i:r ~i r:i fl

bu.rn.8Il

, :f

,,-,rcc·j]i.cri

0'00.f

is

in

u.1-0

1a,;r to

tl:

i1

J

the

jury

t}:r

afore

·vi ~h r.alict::

as rr.urner

Virginia

t:1r• ju:';

t nurcler

" Co
..,_...,
t •,

n
c.:

tl1oa,:;1 t.

firGt

that

be murder

t~~c cor..-:nor:·.--:ealt1,

dVei·y

in

ard

hor:iici:ie

t~e 3econd

in orcier

:::.r.
degrPe.

t

red1.:.ce

�,)

�,,,

.

\ .....

AJ,o~ V'/\L LACt~.

.

,(/

wl;
t e bu.rd.E:l,. oI' G..is 1.::r-ov
inc )tl.alice

is

ti1ro·7n u I-On the

accused.

V..., •

Ai,.OG

1•r/IJ,LACB.

Tl1e

c

1

;11' t..

ki"li1-i.;

is

,·,illful,

:::n.lice

fro:::

this

J.U.rthtjr

i1.s true ts

deliber8.te,

fact.

the

jury

anrl ~re:-:eutnted,

Lat

v1i.....r-.over
the

law

tho

infer•..;

��COil'. L.N'.EAl,TH
V.J.

The Cnur t

J

a ~:ilJ_f-al,
3

ry

rtll

r i1.s "r'Ucts

thn jur:

te a ..,d .1-1rcr:_ei t:i t. d ·'&lt;.i 1.1.u-G,

delibern

that
:::.:

to ,,. nst..:. ute
·s

.o.,

,eces-

tl :::i.t
l

s1r:,__ 111 e .. ti

n L~,-=.l

!3.r&gt;

t ...:.

-...J.lli.g,

.it

c.,.,e in 4 o existence

i..:i

Olll.

.11:::ce...,ary

.f"Jr Lie 1.'irst

J.._f

at

��Tht., &gt;,u:-t

i:::: i.,.UI'cier

cie 6 ree

Le

bur 6 1nry,

thP- jm.·y

i-oi,.., n,

t.)

or any 7;il:rul,

stB.rving

or in

instr-ucts

d.elillerate,

n.r 0r atte:-:.Pt

:::or.i.:dssion

that

lyln__, in

in l!3.'N !.;lid.er in t..,1e
I

T'it,

/\

1r.'.1.,;rtsonr:er1t,

and :t:tr'tt:ieciitated

killi11g;

to cor:-.r::it 11.rson~bery

n:r

~

anrl t'1!3.t 1::.u.ro.fJr iH tl1G second

degree

is

al.1 o t:wr

COM CN7'F,ALT:r;:

T:r1u Gour t inctru~

is

the

w1l·rrrful

ir:u;l~ed,

·,vi tJ10

-;.t,

and it

::sl:.ct:,

That

ec·~. tic;,.
I

of cc::c

k.ilJ.ing

is

of

either

8.ct 1rnl

inv 01,

l'l

t~ the jury
another

tha.

··1ithout

t .,.all cl

'J:i.eh tAr

:.alice,

ex1-!t'essed

volun Lary nr inv0lun

o:r ic.Plieci.,

tary

mr,

tary

in

11:· /

or

rr.R.:nslaughter.

u.Pon a sud."..en 1ieat,

on re::3.:::0.1-

.

.. ..,rA..i..1

la·-:.f11l 1n t not

.['(-;lonious

'1.C't; or

iL

lhe

i:::.P.ro :A:::r

�&gt;

.,,A~•
...

\

"

�vs.

in te:. tion,

dP1

e in

death

ht:

self

:ill

nevertheless

be guilty

of ;::1rcl1;r, .,._.
1i1;h ifl

defence.

mnsued. t::ere.rror'l

· 1i thir.

a year

and a day,

t·11~ ...
.,risorn r

.1:-

i:!'.a

��C •.. UN TEALTL

I/

V.J.

A}.10,

JI

"ALI A CI •

The Cou •+, instr.1,~ts
c r.sidc .....
in 6 t::e case

t:.:.~ jnr;'

are

.ot
!t'

'
c11iL,c-L!

reasor.':ib

,.,or.J·ec .. • ~

.:..nvoztigntion
s.1c h tita t,

r,.f:'

were

t:rar.sac tioLL
to hes
not

that

J. ta

t r. s

ni.d

Bll

C1e sa, ..e

tc ar.d Pal!Se,

guilty.

y H! have

.1 i.

in L ..suf:ficient

co1:siderin

6 all

an abiding

convic

tior .., of

,'l

el' 1-0... ed in

L.Partinl

t:i:o 8Vidence,
truth

the

i

is

graver

ar.d 1--ruder. t r..ar..

to nu t.1:orize

the

..,~uJjt b&amp;

ar.d urile2s

ca'l.Ge a ren.souable

-1,....
.......

as ar , n:erely

an a~qulttal,

casA,

.4,

h , ev id.e.11 e

doubts

uUCh

the

.ir~ci of' do 'bt

it. "'ould

it

111

after

If..,

gc be:"ond

ain

"'+

f lffV,

ar·· oe fro.r. a ca ,did. a

the evid.e,.ce

of' lii:'e,

t

o justify

fl.

e d. tbt,

B.s a :-..'ltter

t:!-1' jury,

a ve~dic t of
you

of

ar1 say

tl1e charge,

�.

.

�COL OY"l.':AL'T'H

Ar,,08

w

ALLAC:li!.

t:rn t said

facts

J.,T ls

circ.lL...l.bta11ce:::, te:.'liL

aud

/

I

~I,.

6

oner

to

i:..:.::e· ia tt.ly

estab.licl1

the

t,}H1TA8..fter

L;uil t or

n.t tc::..Pt-

inr1ocer,ce

��COJI.,.c1rr.F:ALTH

I

vs.

..;&gt;

/\.,{OS "ALLA.CF..

C 01.ll'

weawr...

,·nthout

i1.

i.,Tevicnc

~

in::itruc

tc

r:or t:1l

'7our,d

.1.-0:.rne,..,sior. or

a.ny or u.Por. very

the necessity

of

,b,T,wi112;

/

tb.:: jury

sliJht

t ...iat

ii~

t.1cy believ~

wrrr-; ~i ven ~rohn Hoskins
sa:i.d AI.as "•·1.llace,

~,rovocatior.l,

1t

is

cxteJ.,ua ti11g circu~nz tai ...
ce::::.

f'ro::l

o~- n dea ly

t:1e acc~1.r:;e,1,
.f..:::'i:-:ai'acie

��...

·"'!),

J

l

1)

il,

...

'L

(

'

., t,

, ~,·

f

+-,

t,

.,

. )!1'

·- '

.,.

i

1.~(.,:,,

,i' i 9-r, :i. 'r

,. J

: 1.~,.~,)TJ. l~1nt,

t

•n•;~.~
..,11:t

fj

1· '

-

'r

,f

t,

t ..

-•&gt;

'

. ("~(,r.,11i,.

l

., · i ,r
I,.__

.,

.

."

,

'

J,

l 11

~

. :qc;t
'l ,.,.~

~ ,.l)

,.

..·,

j

.

~.;\

....

r.,h • ...!.·1_ IJ

:li

1.

...
,· ,
~~-;1&lt;:i
&gt;

i , ..

i

t:-..f-'

.

,!l

~--'"'\r

t, :11 ' i.:1••1.i

.

.:i'''

-1, '

t, 1

t

..., i

.

l

. ,1
r

.

.

1

t,

.

'

...

1 ,.,., ) ••

&lt;-

·i

i

,.

l._

t,-

-y, ..

i-.

i J ...r
l

-

. )'t .~

J

,11

,-,.,,,
,

~,

::1

~H

"

C) '

+~
q-,•...il \I"
J
,

)

I

'

,, '1

��iR

"{.Tr

•

~8Xr&gt;r&gt;')t,
,.~

00~qc;i

}fl&lt;"'

'

i

71

c&lt;(''t

q)

•'q:,-,

(:r,,:✓ ;

-r ~ri.,...,..
rin.

C

"S

'")'l

1'1'r

~

)i1CJi

~Jo'l,,&lt;A ~~~-t.-

r-11rf-

,.,

~·:r), !'l

t, 0

.,

':)...

f:179+, ~·11~.,

t, ) ::-: 1B

t,'

d,

r.:t, +,1"

').,., Yinnr,

I ',.,1
+,.·_

'

j_ +, '1Tl

�)

�Standard
1,.Hurst's
orms, Annotated.

1-1urst &amp; Com pan;,

l Pulaski

lnd'1ctment.

}No. 3s.
·
[Code,

§§3 9a9 , 3999, 4000, 4011, 40.15; Hurst's

Guide

&amp; Manual,

City,

Va

pp. 537 (3), s-10-5, 546, 617-18.J

..

··•

..

, 1'0-/!JJ':

COuJ '1'}':
J'lze · ,rors of tlze Commo1ucealtlz
of Ti'rgil1ia,ill ruzclfor tlze bod!! o/ tlze Cou11t!Jof'

· f ,,..,.___
_

............
'
-

oa tlze

:

h

.......
a11d1zou·atte11rli11g
tlze said Court at its

ye:1
(}
:,L,
.vb~-~--···.
.

term, iii the

J 0- day of

ll/JOII t/1eir oat/ts present t11al

.. , ill tlze year if

'J.' ~.

O ..¥-,

•

.... ,

ill tlze said ('ou!lty,

Li a ,d 1.~pon o!le Johll HoskiJ it L.:~en.:u,J U1e1'..Gbe .....
n,3, did felonio.u.r;ly
, ...willfully .."aii1.···o.r
"h{i:i" .:ai"ice· of afore th u~h t rr.ake al assault,
a
t,. a., t'rn
:.::ai·l Ar:-.on "Tallaco~a
ce:rta_in .,.Pln,. t1e.anri
thero.char.ged
'ltith .. g. n JO'?lde:r U,t·d sha'f~ w'hic
J'liri
g".lfi '1e, t 1·lC said
Ar::o.J Vallaco,
in his '18.11d then
and there hac. and hold 1 the .. a .'t ..--her&lt;:, .[eloniouuly,
vrLllfully
a.id. of :1is
r.1aiicc· o.t.i.~or·et11ou~°f1t~
.riid discharge
and Shoot o.r.r, at, a...,ainst
UH'l uJ;on
the so.1.d tTOhn Hoskius,
a ••d tli.Jl t the n_aj,d A:r.o~ •:allace
"li th tlw shot
aro:resnid _. o·: t o.r t· 1G _::un l&gt;y tlle sairl Arr.os '"all ace discharged
a1.d ::,:.o t
o.f.f aG a.foresa.irt.,
th9.1 •. n.,,d t}}ore _f'c.lo.r4ouc)y , ...7ril,j_fu.lly
and o.f .hi.s ;;;alic e
o.fac:r°f··.:tl1ciu,.;11f~--clid.
·str1.J&lt;.e: 1,enet.rate
111~rt "rnunn the
naid
John Hockins
in ar,d ur,on the ti-'.it.;h o ::- :rie r i 6 :ht _J_{)g o.r l1ir:: 1 t:ie qg_id John F c£Kin$:
.:,_;:;.
,;:.ri.3"'
to·· lil:n'~ the; Caicl Jor.r, Hoskins}
tL ,n and t. ere,
~·.ritl, the Gho t ai'are·
·
., · ·
..
"' ... .... ..._
....
.,.
•
~ ·
"
0 aid
' .....
,
~o. o.s. a.f or·esaid
di sch, i.'ged. a1:d ..rJh0.t ..or, · u t,---of' he- iJHn -a:for'esa-1. ,
by the said
Af:".o:; •ra1 arc in anr' Ul•Oll tlle t} igh o.r t H) :rieht
lei3 of hiTll:
the .saitl Jo::-1 LloD'~ins, oHe rt.ortal
·'l"t...nd. •Of' which ~m-id rr.ortal wo·..:.rni re,
the :::aid Jo 1 Hos;.&lt;_in:::, fro,r. t 1e ;:rn.id 0Ot'-1 dav of ?,1.'1v1804 to ~l1u / .2, ~
day Qf
_.
. v
.
.. _
.., 1904: in the 0mm ty ai'nres-aid,
d :;..d l'
mi • : ,L _- ln.ng,tishinz:
did live_. on , hiq~ said
/ ~f_
dR.y
0 l .~...,,....d:.~::::'.:t,
. .. . . . _, ~,JO 1, th 0- b clIIJ
John Hos':inn,
in the County a.roresnid.,
of the r..::1td ,1ortal wound: &lt;1:Lod;
a 1d ..;c tnu _juro!.s
.~fo_resaid_.
~ •.uon
.1,oir.._gaJJs a.f'oresaj_dJ now say tho.t
the said
Amos "'"allace,
him tho said
,John Hos1&lt;.ins in the :nanr.er
.,j,l by
the r:.eana arores:ii,i,
:feloniously_,
. :iil_l:fn,l::J..y.,. nnri o.f llin rr.ulice
o.f a.i'orethi:&gt;ue;ht, dld kill
and murder,;
QI

'•

(t_r;aillst
f/1(:peace and dig11ityof tlze Ccmmo11lcealtll
of / 'ir,(Jillia.

eourt a11dsent to tlte Orand Jur11to gire ezJidence.
, Clerk.

�II
\1

)&gt;

:::0
l'T1

CD

-

'-..
_,.

I

!I

V

____
,........___.._

__

...,
-s

""
"'
"'

l~

~
·..,-.

-~

~ ~~

C

I

I

,9

:r.

~~

-i

... r
r

t

-n
0

I ,,

-~

~

~]~

~-

~

~

.:;-

C

;,::

&gt;
.

~. -

,
~~~~--...-......::...

---

�,/

��~ ffiP~.
)ZL.

J-lq-

ff &lt;fa;;Mi', ,d_
d''{

)

I

,,,~ ,

,

~7

II._.._.~.

,:,-,,L
A-

~

:?-2~

��</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="79075">
                <text>1904</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="79076">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Amos Wallace</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="79077">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony attempted murder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="79078">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="79079">
                <text>Attempted Murder</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="79080">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="79081">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="79082">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="79083">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="79084">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="79085">
                <text>CCR001_003_046</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1214">
        <name>Hoskins</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1213">
        <name>Wallace</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24641" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14645">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_016_050.pdf</src>
        <authentication>f465dc9add0a138d132e9573343b04c6</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274899">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Anderson Shifflet</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274900">
                <text>1866</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274901">
                <text>Grand larceny</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274902">
                <text>Defendant charged with grand larceny. Nolle Prosequi</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274903">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274904">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274905">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="274906">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274907">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274908">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274909">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274910">
                <text>Ccr002_016_050</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3355">
        <name>Shiflett</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24417" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14491">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_019_030.pdf</src>
        <authentication>a696265a9e6cf0a1adaebc02e59fbd41</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272107">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Anderson Shifflett</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272108">
                <text>1877</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272109">
                <text>Murder</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="272110">
                <text>Hanging</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272111">
                <text>Defendant charged with first degree murder. Guilty. Hanged</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272112">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272113">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272114">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="272115">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272116">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272117">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272118">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="272119">
                <text>Ccr002_019_030</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="205">
        <name>Lawson</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="164">
        <name>Shifflett</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24397" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14471">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_019_010.pdf</src>
        <authentication>819db213303687ae580ecc1948c83596</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271865">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Anderson Shiflett</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271866">
                <text>1875</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271867">
                <text>Murder</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271868">
                <text>Defendant charged with murder. Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271869">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271870">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271871">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="271872">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271873">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271874">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271875">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="271876">
                <text>Ccr002_019_010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3355">
        <name>Shiflett</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25043" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15044">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_011_018.pdf</src>
        <authentication>167754d7bf069c2965a61cfcc97e8e97</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280235">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Andrew Carrier</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280236">
                <text>1836</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280237">
                <text>Assault</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280238">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault. Not a True Bill</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280239">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280240">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280241">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="280242">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="280243">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280244">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280245">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280246">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="280247">
                <text>Ccr002_011_018</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="342">
        <name>Carrier</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
