<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items?output=omeka-xml&amp;page=39&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle" accessDate="2026-05-06T20:37:02+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>39</pageNumber>
      <perPage>20</perPage>
      <totalResults>4487</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="8466" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="7031">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_002_036-commonwealth-v-catharine-davis-shifflett.pdf</src>
        <authentication>978261b698fda2f73bb3338b51a3ee4e</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="93597">
                    <text>COMMONWEALTH
OF VIRGINIA,}
ROCKINGHAM Cou~TY,

to

wit:

~:.@..Jic./L«.7.A J. 1 .. .... . , a Constable of said county:
WHEREAS, ..S
.../4?
....
.c.;'~2i,;
~("~--··:the
said county, bas this
To ..

complaint and information

tfJ.
...~t,..;f.£« ..~ .........l. ...a Justice of the said county, that
..~ .. ✓-.l0 ..~..~~~~.1:.½
..d/4.;,i fe -~✓.~."~ 'Y:.t1.£VU-1

on oath before me, ...

..tf..v/../l ~~···:i)··?.v.0_~~

~ c.{c:~11

ecy
...
t~--Ll

...

4

J,••

of the said county, on the .....Jj.~
..J .&amp; ..

day made

C~.~~17~.~

....................
dayof.~~···~··~£.L189~
.0.--.vLt.A..Ad:.V~~.

..~ ..;.!1/.~...

~.4..lN~l.l:'.~.";z

... , inthesaidcounty,did

e~M:;1.-:ii:~/7(;
,

Pf

~~ ...4!:-t.t?(__

1ti;_4v/21'1t:1i~···!.A,}/1

¥-.W.lfv.'.~
...

~ ..Ci ....7tf.-&lt;✓.7:.t.i..~J....A.-::\.,p.~~.!..l..✓.&amp;.....
d.~.~£ ..:4.-/
..A: ..l ~...
4:.~.? .....fL ...
c~ ..~T.~1-..-1.
..-../7,L,:e-l&lt;~~~.{
...c..4.-::.Y.!.F~f-(.l(q
c...l&amp;...
~.;7..4~.~·····?I~
....
~ ..~~..t.7....
~.~J.'v.~
...2..~r!:t.J_.f_
...A--.t:l.« ..✓.{.1_t~~1~~!./...4.::/.fa.•··'··········..

/~a..~ ..

1zct1zt~·ti/1::4{JM~~ifl}f
~::i~j_~··:L~/f:}!
~~tl!J~;J7&amp;Jif-£t-··~·9'~
These

are therefore,

apprehend

and bring

_,{C:?kv/~:~,

in ie

name of the Commonwealth of Virginia; to command you forthwith to

before me, or some other Justice

..$..t::v..~ ....
~..~_:I~ ~~.//~.~:

of the said County, the body of the said

../4,~4.//..,./4.,.d..4..!-'.~ c.tthlNf&lt;-&lt;-~

I

to answer .the.Cid complajnt, and to be ~arther ~ealt with ac~ord:i1:_g
to law. And you are required to summon

J/W .../J;.•..
. ..P~ ~ .J,.;/t.:4-..J?.-&lt;.?-.lc.Ji.::t:-H...
~.."fv../1~4441::k.V..1....
...

to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth, on the examination touchjng the said offence.
Given under my hand and seal this./!.~
-

...

... day of~~

7'-tA..J.7..............
.iu the

1/zi.25..~
...A.1.~.~ ....
-

..

.

- '

........
JP.

year 189S'.

[L. S.]__.,?a..-£

�~

·tt~l

~ t~~

~'t'T}l \f ~ f
(1 l t ~J ~
~~½~~ ~i

~ ½ (. \ ; -~ t, ~
}.__~ ~ ~ 0,

t.i~k
t-~"'·

~ ~

rt i- .

8- ~
~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~~
'S.

~

~
~

~

\

~

~t ~~

i~~

I

r-

r~

·i~~~

~~ ~

·

I

i

~•S)

~

~

)t
~t

',."

~r!J~ ~t~~

'I~

•

~~

tt~

\~\ r} f!~ir~
~ i~ ~ A~~~
~ ~ ~ ~ \.
~-f ~
~ r ... \
-~"

~

k. t\.,.,~.

\

\\

(s ~ ~

~

"

vs.

t ~ ).,."

t ~r~~ _~ ~

tJ4a.
..

t

~d7A.!.~~--~&lt;

~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~

~

-J r

½1~

""-

t&gt;

{ ARRESTWARRANT.

t
&amp;-.!~-?;

~
~~
~ ~ . ') ~ ~ ~ ~
~
~
('
t
"~
~
r
...._
.
~
~
'(:/.
~ r~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ {1
~ .t' , J ·
. ~. . ~~ ~ ? ~ , ~ J~\ ~ ~•
~ t t ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~).S ~
'
~~ ~~ ~ 't--~_? ~
Jk.
S- ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~
f l }k f t ? }?:C,
~. ri .'--&lt;-_~► , ~~ .'~,JJ
~-t~ S ~ :'J\J~
~ ~i~I- j/

~~ ~
~ ~i \~
..._,1

l

1

rr.~

z_&lt;_

~Jk£4
__
·_.

...
'£{/4

7

Executed the within warrant

by arre"Z,
before .

and delivering

'JI~

the

,/2,144d,,,,i/(IJ

aJusticeofRockin,ghamCounty
and by summonin_g the within

I

named witnesses in person, this

I&gt;)

ti)

~~f.;

_It,

t

~

l1

t~ ~~\

~

~:~ i ~~ ~'-i J;~ ~~ ~ f

1

~~ ~~t~~J Mr~
&lt;of~~~
t: ~ ? ~ . i ~ ~ \~
~~
~

.)I ,

\ •.~

~

~ ~
I

idI-

"j~

dayof~J18.9J-

%,d':~//u. -

~

""-.

-----------~~----------------

_,

�'_,ta_,;
N/J,t
·1)

I.)

-.!J.,.L.__f/

J 11,

1 44 J

::L~ •-6[/;_,,,,
;,;"&lt;.

C,{

.....~c{

/J,4.,~7

_

- c-f~rl-«ft-GJ,7 J&lt;J7 -!if
-

( ..'.)_z 7

7

A..- t'..,,~

v

~

,

L7l J"1 c{

1c
1/

Ja..,,/"rL.c.

kl

,z. f

_-z,_,,
JCt..,

4., V7 c(

"~ c1,

...,.l.u:

V ~--•--

t:/

_ .,..,""'

-/./4.€v{

~

~

c(.

/4

Z&gt;-...v,Ovl

7-J.&gt;~-•-';,
t&amp;
/IH

-{;IP1-ddJ ~ u:(
....C""- a,)

l- J,!'.{

z_r
~l( L~

I -

~

__../L,C.Ju...~

~/~,,
---r--,,

J7,('/4

77"

//fa..

olallZ.J

:;1,,_
..,;~

l.&lt;,e _

a-:,,_c

v..,,,(_,/1_,
L~-(
...
-7

,L(ur ·

•7

1&lt;. ..,.{..(..-;,{~'7/{l'fl.C'/4-J/

J~ c C'J
2 r~~d
7

•

,i,-µ,_

?tc

..,t.~-t...tl

H

i,c ...,, , , 4J

1

-

..-(......,
~ 1A
6 :J ~
.
1....J
'1.J",
~LLJ L ~ ?7-J.., P / I
ci

t:--,..,-L{.,,(514....
L 7 -

'

1

IL, ~ t

u..CU..,7
~T IJ' ,&lt;.- ~

_,;{,4 71'~~
d/l,

J

.,/

7/ ~ J,{_
N

11,:,{

vL

.

1 7

✓71; .A £X-/t:°(

c{

~ ~;r,HI "-/lu.1,d'i...cC{

];' -

/:uAL~-t

-cf· ~ _cf~L
u

,,

~✓ Z&lt;-L'Lt ~ ~_,.,,,
c J,_~ &lt;-{,/U
/ l

....,.,,..__
,/ 'L( (_ -~

M..,,

~

J71L'l--£/&lt;J.(

'-r:'-

-fr-.

J.. J;

4.,/J

1v

l

t

p

z..e, ,; i;; 4..

)7

,,u.

1;'/Xd ~z~ 4q,z J A-J . J; l;j;:_J
a~LcJ 4,/4~~,
ZC_J,uf{ &lt;J· f,_7),..
....~! ,vi j· .J..L~L714.;
... z-7/}4..
A,-{/...,.. J71'Li,,/r&lt; ok-(rec t.&lt;t:f;_·v, :/£
11 ,__,_,J

-//P{_,f1-f!CL"?

A

~-1✓,:__J~.Jc7

4--t,f~-~~"L!TJ
......,.,J-L--t
:t--1 u a( ;z211

r1h04.-t,c.c _ Af"-e.. ~

,:_It.

.//c{

1C{'L.c",(

){-;_C?'

II a., JJ u

OJ?

»"

~,

b-c ,{}( t-%-?

lJ

1u/ZJ

_ (Al

~,,tio./(,(_c;

~,.,

1.ft-"J

7:&gt;

/2 ,

),{,[L

.L'.(__-

-/,,~fr~
L&gt;~U..~
,
~
1--0&lt;-_,('.(_. (_ .__, Le -~~l
1,/,e

i,

~ J--, ,r{ ~

~ ~/t.c

J, lR

--

~

JV /c, v-

L-

t:J-&lt;..,

~,LL.Vt

./_T

,~~

7

75J ..,,.£~
{'...._

/

a..-,,;
c-l 4
1 tJ

J,,-c&lt;-7.7z.(

C1

/1...,,L-{_PJd
4 °ol

-:z..rt.-t

'77

1-/

e?-

/'VJ,[,!,',(.

~ tJL,(_./f'. ✓~ ~ /.?te..

~s

-'

.

~·/'&lt;-~.C&lt;----&lt;-&lt;.-J z.:~

..,,//:/L-

111'

.{

-7:b, 5'a_W ,._,,{;~f.~.,JLc.f"i:/T.,,£ __Ja

L"L

_,67 '---~'1

rf..

tf!;-:-zt..,/JTC4

//t-e

~v~

.,..;z?

l

_ ,(/"~L'(,

(

t,

L £'~(.(__z1:l2z4
/~~

7

a / 1 , f/,e vd/7' ~ ~(

, ~At~;,:,(
~IM4...t

J

t£,L£6{_J

7__,;'~

~ .. /

ur'7Z.,
/ I

Lf

a..-11 /?{ (.,£,,&lt; 1)-(.

7 A.

/'

J &lt;A-J:-z;
e-z ?o- -/20
t:-1~/£Lt..:

7

l,

7--;_j-f;,_J,!,/l'_//4..

~~

c!.:~_,,,,J_,~

{l.,-1--7c-~

- j /1 "~

~ l /fr
ff
,,$
/'1 L' r.

.

/y~

r

t,
"77'
---~- -:;-J"l
L~/7(t
...,,,,J
4--t--,t.
r/--&lt;.R.&lt;.,
--Y.iJ;qtya,2 ~-&lt;.~~

,n--·

_ //vL.J&gt; ~1 UJ-&lt;-tv/,#,t

~-.ll

?(

I'

L.

_,i, /2~'l- [
·A/1

/ti~

l

'{

L

l

~J )I.-&lt; L

..

✓ fD

\.-&lt;..,1.n.z.

-!7~ 2"';b~µ..J
fee..cJ.

,

'-

.1ZJP'4-Tf e{J J(

tu:

.a__,
Yr f) /

.t//L £'&lt;--( ~;

./l-,__.,A. f.

J //_,d

,

~

C(_

):Ze...U5l._,,,h Z..&lt;. ,A.&amp;~ .l't-R
/T'
-,,-;,,
/,,l{_

c. z

1-/

-{;.,,..._,

v-j-e

""-..."L&lt;.

·

J'-"/ /~L'-l,

~

71 L"{

.fstA

1t(

t¼.

14I

~(~

l;~-U-trc~

�~

?

"d,..1..,
/~ / 4 JI q
C /[,d_/(1,i,t_;
~17-f
L"{
.,,: J l . ~ - J -·a(
'-_"'-u,, ~ c,;'.Jc:,L
A-~
:.,1/4 7;' '7f 'fr L✓ &lt;· 'ct .
J

L-- (

l £:(

/--&lt;-n.-8-,j ,a__~ l~-&lt;..

J L--t

~J

-.,_~[/;__

/

//L(

/(

/

.,/.,IL- (

V

I~

~,,;,A«L'ff

4- /I/(

;;7).'-

7

~~

.

/t'. ~ . (, / IC&gt;L-U. /'4 / (/ J!.J.
(__
.

1. /

•

'

)

&lt;..

�k~,/n'fa,,-n/Jt/4.d;/J;""I7/~?~
Xa c/~ J /4a--'J;-v7. k ~YL77
j "7o ~ti;_T
.LA,

1k ~ 7 ..ll-c.,

-1tc:l

111._

'y)-1~

-4,~~
'-fif~

ht~

~t·

1J~&amp;

d&lt;~--.

!/~-t~J

~£Un~

~ 5.,,,{_,,(,A.

r~

7;•e..-&lt;t!--{-- f

!~fa v4~

(}vy//:l

tt

~~~o(/4'~
../~MA.

a 1 ~ "~ft-"

~JI
~
c~

£4--~

d

I r7 ~

J

Al.-1-;_,/LIT CA./l/le!-L
~ ~ ~@
~ ,:;.,.,-,,,,
&gt;{. ~~

.t2

e__-R~~d~~cl

./,,/,,l-c.--~-z-~~"

~~ 1S
~~

~ ~ 7 P-t:,d4

--&lt; ,,, c

u${,UL.,

~e(_

~ .,.7.,oA-~

~A/Yl~

e4--n4../vrf

.,.7,;~IL., Jl. 2.o.J~/4.-,,-,

4v k

.a_.:,,,./}1/L

L""'~~

~$A,,,;,

,__0J~

i~-&lt;./VJ,:z~ 11&lt;4.z, X
:!J~~ a_,,L·~ __k,tv/h~

~

~ .,t, , -&lt;

.A~~·

~"

c..-&lt; _/~

/;'

~ ff&lt;_

c?a--z--n/YYIA.4'1~..L~ff""(Y-~YU'·~
'(

../4--&lt;.,~

CA-~

d

,,N_~

P~

Zj

e4.fa,.__,,

_L.,

f&lt;4--p;._c{_

-~

-':f~/k'~✓~-" J ~~

-a, tf~j &amp; 77~4M../ ./JnA-/4e-½(AA-&lt;_p ~ ✓ llt /~./1,-yt~c---c'u A&lt; eA,
~~~'.P::.
__
~ J ~AL e
~J;~
.1&amp;c y~;
~ L--&lt; ~
-4.--ud ~ /~A-4
~ ~A'l~Pf_
~~$~-r-&lt;
~A--~
~.t....i
_4~~
__,t~77&gt;tv,:,.,J A..PT .,/,%;If~/
C.C
~1£u:.£~:J,'7

~~~A-&lt;_

~7

a...---u.-1~---1'
1if8"
~ ll;

44A-·e(

p

~ ~ 'l{J2).,k~

~~c{

&lt;Jud~~~

(?~~

~ u. A A--4"~ ~ J'...A-&lt;.
d~~l.,U.A/]
_;Jj;;

~~•A5
_/;;--

4~71~
~
~A./1,1)

~

A~

fl&amp;(_

e~?fo--11~

e C&lt;.---rl./l,L&lt;·;c

~~ e~//A..-Vlcf~
/-&lt;A.-&lt;J-..,w?'/nY
a.-,-., j;I;
,;t,,_/--e ()

~

d

~'7dd'~

,:;..,,,,.,
..AI/V
,4 ~/
-f &amp;_'J&gt;~~ Mc
V1 CC'AA~vf

1

-f

-j ..£.~~JT'J~y

~+-z

_/4,~/'d~~.,,L..-'"l

:z~.: ~~ A1ffa~4J---"-&lt;~~zd~

i&gt;a- .

tkA~~

_,,t'A,ff~~ /4~

a&gt;

__J~~{

1T£44 JJ~

✓7£ ~ ~~ P ~7
~ ./k .-I A-&lt; d {7p., &lt;~-Z- /;
~ J7L ~ /1-'1A..,--,ri,&lt;d
,t{A--ff~·,_z..-c:f&gt;4,.~J
A--4~ _4~'cJ.

__,,t£/£,ll' _µ,,.,a~A--,,t~
~~A-UC~
_,fti ...4 "-'- c-l l?~---z:;
(? ,,__,_=
7 A,,-,,, jJ.; _.tf.;-.....-/7
d /
;( ./Z ..4-«Jc T
~ ✓~~ ~ 4 ]/l_,£~110 ~"E C'dt..--?--,r7.A--rl~.A,fl,&lt;
~

- ~-

�-{-a.ri~~
.4,L_

/4

A

A,,t(

e~~~J ~

~

..-4~·~

~ ~ d. ~ 44'7

d

C,&lt;_

.At/~~~

{.'A-,,,,, ,V..&lt;..

~c
e,(

~ ~d.
~t~ /J-1~--r._/~~d-c-/~7#~~?
. Jft,JQ
...£ cvlt--&lt;. ,,C.A A-&lt;..$( Ct&gt;-&lt;.-~ ✓/£17 _,,.l[J_J
Jc'..L
eu,;~--a-c

_./!-It~· fa~tvt

e,c

=

-;f"l

A,,'1..-(_

µ

t:\_~.,M/0-&lt;-

~A

·VL(

~

~_.L,,(:

'1r;_~

~A

"du ./L&amp;7--.,
~ d.

7/A,e•/J{

IX

a

~ff~

J

4/W/4

?-

g(._

_

~ ✓4n. ./E "&lt;/
7

/4{~~

tJt~2J. 6$~·~ci!PC

&gt;

I

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93587">
                <text>1898</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93588">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Catharine Davis (Catharine Shifflett)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93589">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="93590">
                <text>Abusive Language</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93591">
                <text>Defendant charged with misdemeanor abusive language.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93592">
                <text>JMU LIbraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93593">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93594">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93595">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93596">
                <text>CCR001_002_036</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="259">
        <name>Davis</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="164">
        <name>Shifflett</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24585" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14589">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_017_053.pdf</src>
        <authentication>ae36d36033038b07e0c84cc09c6686eb</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274183">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Catherine Garrison</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274184">
                <text>1869</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274185">
                <text>Unlawfully keeping a house for prostitution</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274186">
                <text>Defendant charged with unlawfully keeping a house for prostitution.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274187">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274188">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274189">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="274190">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274191">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274192">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274193">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="274194">
                <text>Ccr002_017_053</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="337">
        <name>Garrison</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25322" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15239">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_009_009.pdf</src>
        <authentication>b779614842ec012e101f3dda3e1fd184</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283791">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Catherine Haynes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283792">
                <text>1826</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283793">
                <text>Assault and Beating</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283794">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and beating. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283795">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283796">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283797">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="283798">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283799">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283800">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283801">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283802">
                <text>Ccr002_009_009 </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1530">
        <name>Chrisman</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="774">
        <name>Haynes</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24914" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14916">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_014_050.pdf</src>
        <authentication>613340634174508432c75a602888fb16</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278525">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Cathrine Pantz</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278526">
                <text>1855</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278527">
                <text>Unlawful Tresspas</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278528">
                <text>Defendant charged with unlawful trespass. Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278529">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278530">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278531">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278532">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="278533">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278534">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278535">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278536">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="278537">
                <text>Ccr002_014_050</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3137">
        <name>Pantz</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3312" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="3126">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/34df3a5733e1fa6bd094666bfa4caa36.pdf</src>
        <authentication>dbf045dde41cf35b8ab95876a2443144</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48551">
                    <text>COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
COUNTY OF ROCKINGHAM, to-wit:
In the Cincuit Court of said County:
The grand jurors in and for the body of said county of
Rockingham and now attending said court at its December term,
1931, upon their oaths do present that Cecil McCarthy, on or
about the 9th day of September , 1931, in said County, did unlawfully and felonious ly manufactu re distilled ardent spirits, against
the peace and dignity of· the Commonweal th of Virginia.
This indictmen t is found on the testimony of John Hawk,
J. L. Dirting, Jerry Long ands. F. Newman, witnesses sworn in
court and sent before the grand jury to give evidence.

�-T
MANU. A. S .

COMMONWEALTH
V

CECIL McCARTHY

tJ.

c.'-

'

t{
~ ~t

\A

1

A FELONY

A True Bill -

/d)

V J.
tV1,... I

D.

w.

T

&lt;fl -- ,

&lt;

,/

-~s

v· rl

Eamnan, Com. Atty.

�COMMONWEALTH
V

C]}'.jIL MCCARTHY

CHARGE TO THE JURY.
If you find the accused, Cecil McC arthy, not guilty
you will say so and no more.
If you fi nd him guilty a s cha rged in the indictment,
then you will s ay so a nd fix his punishment a t confinement
in the penitentiary for not less than one nor more than five
years, or, in your discretion, by confinement in jail for a
period of not less than six months nor more than twelve months,
an d by a fine no t exceeding $500 .

�Charge to the Jury

�circu it Court of t he Coun ty of Rockingham on

ednesd ay , the 20th

day of Janua ry, in t he year of our Lord, ninete en hundre d and thirty
two.
Prese nt: Hon. H.

w.

Be rtram, J udge.

common wea 1th

v.

On an indict ment for a felony (Pro . )

Cecil McCarth y
This day came the atto rney for the Commo nwealt h, and t he
·accus ed, Cecil Mcca r th y , crune in t he c ustody of the sherif f of this
county , and from person s summoned by th e s her iff under a writ of
venire facias , twenty were ex&amp;~ ined by the Court and found duly
qualif ied and free f r om excep t ion; whereu pon, a l ist conta ining
the names of said twenty person s was handed to t he atto r ney for the
Commonwealth and to the accuse d, who each altern at ely struck therefrom the names of four person s, the remain ing twelve , namely ,
R. N. Earman, E. L . yates , Jr ., A. J . Turne r , W. K. Neff, E.W.
Burkho lder , Rober t N. Rhod es, 1. R. Sipe , David D. Carr, W. L .
Arms trong, Delme r Harpe r, c. R. Cody, and fl . V . Heatw ole, being
selec ted a s afo resaid to const itute the jury were sworn to well
and truly try and true delive ra nce make betwee n the Commonwealth
and the prison er at the bar and a true verdi ct ren der a cc or ding
to t h e evi de nce , and havin g re ceiv ed the c harge of the Court, and
havin g heard the eviden ce, the jur ors were sent to their room to
consid er their verdi ct , and after some time the y return ed into
Co u rt and for their verdic t do say!

"We, the jury, find the ac-

cus e d, Cecil Mccarth y , g uilty as charge d in the indict ment , an.d
fix his punish ment at six mo nths in jail and $100. 00 fine , C.R.
cody, forema n."

And it is consid ered by the Court that the Commonwe al th recov er a gains t t he defen dant one hundre d dolla rs, the
fine afores a i d, and the co sts incide nt to this prosec ution, and the
accuse d is c a:nmit ted to the State Convi ct Road Force for the term
of six month s , less, howeve r , 32 days, the time he has s pent in
jail a waiti ng trial, and there after until his fine and co sts be

�· ''Ilri;t b11s be'Ibm1rl nee;t e n n , b'IOJ

'to 'I

'ILJO

\1: sr';t ni

1o 'lBb

T'I .B.LJII.81.

• owj

. e· bJJ

m.s·Ij•r_

noH • neae'I

.H

•

T

rl;i .f sew no •. moo

.s

( . o'I ) v;roie

eri;t bn.e , .ri;t .I.ee, nommoO eJj 'Io1

1:o ;t .t·r

"l;Sil ro;t;t

.e

-rebm.r 1:'U'Ierie ed;t v;d bsnolITITll.1'2. anoa-req mo·r1 brr f3

1 £

j'Iuo::) erf

gn..t i..s;tno

;ta.i:l .s ,noq.ue'Ierli.7 ;noi qsoxe

Ji.O.IJ'Iu8

.[

· I sm.an

~

:t.sn e;tl.c rlo .se

vl e t

c

.JrrJJoo

o.s1

brrn

'Ilnev

be.t'l.tl.su p

;tne 1:t b.1: .se ':l:o e m.sn e

,bea!JOOB sri:t o;t bnJ3 rl;tl.sawnoWilltO~

•

e .t8 • 8: • , , a sb o

b .tv .su.

'I O •

Ol W

es'!

T

n.1:n.t .sll18-r erij • .,noa 'Ieq 'Iuo1 'to ae.JJ. n erU m:o'I1
c 'I ern u1:1:

•

O'I'!

a n oa·re

rl;:t o;t bebn.sr! a.e

;t;J-.s

erl;t -ro"l v:e.a

&lt; as.t

• .d ben.i:.atsxe eTew x:;t new;t

bn

.J

.v

erl;t en BO -v; .eb a.trlT

v;iJJb bnuo

S'HHi;t

no

~nem olbrrl n

'IO

n.ted , elow;t eH • , • , bn.s

•

c -y;bo~

eq'I.sH

c

le

'I

~i1')'Ij 8.1..'I

s~ os re

rl i e no.t:rtr:roO eii;t neew:ted e)!.sm e .1 .c-r vlleb eu'I;t . n s

J'IJJO

brr

n.i:v.srl b .e

, 'I

erl;t be v.t

ertt 1:o e- 'I rl

t

rlwr;t bn

"'.I:t

e erf;t o;t

e ons

o;t moo~ 'Iied;t os ;tnea e
o;tn
- OB

'1JJt

9 d;t

en''r 00 0 0 1

on

~ri;,t b n.t 1:

t 'l

e .. ,,

:

j Ol

" 0

11 .st n.t a rl:t n o

b'ISV

'! IS .•;t

'IO

'

'I Bl lob

no.1:;t.uoeao'I

erl.t bn.s
e;t

erl;t ·ro

nl

;t

ed

. 9'! bnJ:Jrl

SO'IO

3.( .d;t

b..:,0'

.ao ;t nB .a "'eb er!j· ;t .a.t

eqe a ri s.ri em.t;t erf;t

tao

bn.s

Slll 1:

B

J.

t

8'\;BO

airl llt.m..r 'Ie;t

c;

e j
'IS 9

.6

'I, •uO

e.trl _ i

.a.sme 'IO

.... V009'I

o;t ;tneb .t on .t a;t aoo erl;t brr.a &lt;b

o.t no:) e;t.s;t

.Off ·,

x.te ;t.s ;jnedf .tru
1
' •

erif

,'

nen'IJJ e'I 'l erl;t e m.t;t s mo a -re j1 s brr.a t ;t oif)':te v 'I I' ,.!;t -renl a

~boo

;t l.se
9'10

11

l

B en.t

be;t;tlr:'.!Il)O e 1: b au oo.e

0

rl , aeei

e'Ie rl;t bn .e

i Bl'I

a rl;t nom xl a 1: o

3nl;t.t .e

Il:

t

�Cecil Mccar thy
-- 2 --

paid, or he is discha r ged pur sua nt to the statu t e for such cases
made and provid ed, and the s aid Cecil Mccarth y is remande d to jail
until h e can be de live re d into t he c u stody of an office r of t h e
sta t e convi ct Road For ce, to be held as a membe r of said road force
for the terms a n d purpos es afore s aid.

A COPY

Attes te: ~ ~ Cl erk.

{/

�--s-a aeo rlm.1e -ro'l: e-'11j ;ta e.dj oj -tn.e.ua-r11q be~-reri!:Jal b al:

llet o;t bebne~e'I al ~rl;t-re~oM iloe

e .d;t 1o -:reo.tno
o

-r

·

LIB

a 1 o 'I e

bl.ea erlj bne

rt 'IO tb.t.sa

be lvO"I q bn

ebem

o ~.oo;tauo ert;t o;tn.t be'Iev.tleb ed neo er£ l l j n LJ
a.s bis

o~

.o.soE

b.t.sze-ro'l:.s aeaoq-ru

brre

ed

;t

e

~ .tvnon

aITITe;t

e;t .eta

erlJ -ro~

yqQ8 A

�In the Name of the Commonwealth of Virginia:
T o the Sheriff o f R o cking ham County, Greeting:

You are hereby commanded to summon ....

········•·;;;;;_·· · ~~
.: : : :~ :::/J:: : : ·. ·. ·.·.· .(.".)~
. f.....·.... ...·.·. ·. ·. ····················:· :·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·

.... .. .. ... , .. .. .. ... .. .... .. ... .... .. ... ... .................. .. .. .... .'-..

.... ..~

:.. .

::: : : ::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::: : ::::: ::::: :::::::: : :::: ::::::::J ::Y
to appear before the Judge of the Circ1tit Court o
at 10 o'clock, a. m., on the

d o...day

:.rx..~:: . : :. .. . ... .:::::::: : : : : : ·
County, at the Co1tr! House thereof,

of

... . . .... ... .

to testify and the truth to say in behalf of the Commonwealth against

.... . ... .

&amp;

~

. . . .... .

I9

J ;'.,L_,

i.?J ~ f!,.,.,,,......,~.-

who stands charged with and indicted for a felony mistle,r,f.t,,w.
And this .... .. ....

~

..... .. .. .... .. .shall not omit under penalty o.f £100.

And have t hen and

there this Writ .

J. ROBERT SWITZER, Clerk o.f our said Court, at thr Court Honse, thr . ....
1
Q
·
, the 15 ... Ca
day of .. ..~
.19 3 i. , and m
..
Witness,

/,7

I" IL. PRESS . HARRI SO NB U RG, VA

..J.

,I

.7... ~ .

. .... ... , Clerk

��Commonwealth of Virginia :
You are hereby commanded to summon .. ...

,.V.:~-=•-u

.2t:;i~i[~T ~=zr·· ·~
to appear before the Judge of the Circuit Court of Rockingham Comtl y, al the Court House thereof,
at 1 0 o'clocfi.., a. m ., on the

~ ay

of /

..

to testif y and the -tth to say in behalf of the Com

. . . . ...

J&lt;

19

.::f.cf&lt;.__/

nwealth before lhe GRAND JU RY .

···········~./~. .... . .. .?.. ~ .f.J .....2-b..c:....&lt;!~ ............. ...... ..................... ···········
who stands charged~ ith and indicted for a felony misdemeanor.
And this .. . . . . .. .... .. ...... ....... .. .. .. shall not omit under penalty of £100 .

And have then and

there this Writ.

Wdnm, 1{/lOBERT SW ITZER, Ciak of°'" ,-;JC n , ,t ih, Co,,,t Hmm, !he
d,y of

A:.'(~'.

P I L. ~ RE SS , HMHIISO NB U RG, VA

1,'.rl,

.,,,J m thr

1:6.~

'~

:fq.

~:I-'
cl,,k

�Execut ed Jan . I-1932,
copy of t h e wit h i n s

J.L . Di rting , Jerry
p erson.

y a. e1 i vering a
.on t o J o
a nd

r ue

s.

in

eput
S.R.C.

or

\

.
I

\¼

l'

~ ~

I

~
~

~1
~

~

��•

'

r:
tj

i+
r

!I

•

•

j

I
TI

~
II

�@-~✓ '£~

1

r,

I

J!

;r,,lcJ!u;

c?-J ✓~
. !Jf' ✓ )(✓ /T~
1, -/4 /,
-'--"', / / A /A - ~ /

~

l

COMMONWEALTH

I

v.

~

\

I

t
L.A'°"""/LA'

~~~✓~
~ ✓ If ✓¥

i-e~J;{)✓/4~
I

41 ✓ L~

~~

k -fl ~
II}., /ll- / 7 ~

!,

i
!

•;

)

Felony

(Pro.)

�r

•
I.

l

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37416">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Cecil McCarthy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37417">
                <text>Felony; Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37418">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="37419">
                <text>guilty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="37420">
                <text>manufactured ardent spirits</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="37421">
                <text>letter from judge</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37422">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37423">
                <text>1931</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37424">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37425">
                <text>RcPr-box9-038</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37426">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37427">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37428">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="545">
        <name>McCarthy</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6703" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6437">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_010_305-commonwealth-v-central-dean.pdf</src>
        <authentication>16a6f582aa4ac1075850bc48d141194f</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="78600">
                    <text>f

•

••

L.H.BRUCE:
f:-UITO"I

•

-

1,,.1
&lt;J'--v\

)

j,_

J.

""'

-~

-- '

'&lt;....-zAA/

&lt;.-

,J.

I

,n;L,_,.,f'

~

(,,'),

L

~.,,._..V{._

,

7

I

I-

I

vi.:
I

....
I .:, -

•

'J'

�'

•

•

�I

•
VI RGI NIA--County

of Rockingham,

To-wot:

T11l!u• r'krk &lt;{ llt,•

•
I,

\,:"}If~'--&lt;-

Y
/111• 1'lli(/

h,:nzf{/

(....1,,,1

dug

Jilt/

hand raui ....
·eul llli.'I

,7-;,,~

~.-, day of

.,_ .,.
, fi,'-/

~ J!Jti/

&lt;2

7- ✓ ~

~-t?

t:fren lM.dn·

ol

/

~
-4.,--

,J)-&lt;-e__

11

1 ~--

h,_,&lt;_

�•

•

�•

••

'

•

-

rnS!:'fillC't!Oll !Io

"---

~h• Jury tha~ when. upon a cba?ge of

The co\ll"~ 1nstruot•
murder.

,he

8T1de~ee

is

who1ly

CireU!'!STaJl\ial.

¢~

1&amp; the

ease

the absence of all evidinoo

o! &amp;n induo1ng cause o? motive

oo,am1t the oftonse

affords

chargod,

t1on of i=ooenco.

•

of 1 teelf

a strong

bare,

bo

pre,iUlllp-

�••

'

•

'

•

•
•

•

�-fi:.,e~

..,,,F. &lt;l••f
hAH, Wc.fltlw

/1/'•
a4V
/4. ~ ,., ....{ •
... k,dr

-- -~

•

r

¥

Li,c"'

"'

# ':ff r Jrnd.~..,..

-;:~. E ..µ-..1

_,,
..

tic.II .,._,.., .,_ •

��Th~ Conrt
In ch1a c2~e

aat!lbll

ie !lCt

ilh tho ~act

o1'1druloe
tbe t l!onry

fo re tho7 con oonviet
b1':; ond

th• t

joey

the

t.&gt;te tndi&lt;lt::ient

,y th -' and cloo

co be "®.lli~orad

Jonrt

the

•o~u8od
(l)

tolls

further

the Jury th t ba-

tho Co=•,,..lth
!bot

l!~:U,

a,s1; i,to're

l)e~n ......

illtentiQll

Z;O Pl"ltt0,

lc111eci b;'
c&lt;nse,

f

,

;.... 21....._,-~.

'

u~asod

•es the peri,cr:
a..,.,-,/

~a,-.,(~~

w,.A

nd th.llt h1a &lt;le• th wna not cl.n~ to ao~o other

.nd (P,) tt, t t_..

'

not

D~o.n w•a i::n,:rde:rod.

nd the

l"OJIIIO!l'!blo doul&gt;t;

ll

inatraota

rho .11-•4

a,i¥., .. ,

~·

him_,-

14'

�7

•

•

•

•

•

�•
"
'•

•

IIIS'~RUC1'I0'!1 110.

/3

~he Court inatr&gt;1ots the Ju.r; the.. tre
the ccc~sed
•

to be innocent

ho ie proven eu1lty

_,,t1l

l""' )lr•sumes
beyond a

:reasonable d.oubt, and U' Ll:ere is ~po. the o ind• or: tne ~ury ru,y
roe.eonable
t'oil.'

doubt

do~y to &amp;.cqiL!t ha,

ot l:.ts euilt,
it

suft1cien~

LDd that

bo•-ev~r stro:ir

it

o!: tl:e aoet&gt;.sed, tue law IOfl.kes J.t

of tb~ .;u1lt

the gr $tor

ts

bis «uilt
thool'y,

not su.~1eien•

wetr,tt

support11 th,, o ,ari:,, in t e indi

!:ro·H?Jrs Caee,

\lith

9? Va.

792.

or p,..obabillt;r

to eonYi..et,, nor 11

:1\"'propocdol'allae

t,...nt,

nust be prcvod eo olearl7
consistent

""" euap1e1on

~t

tQ~t

to ~a.:rrant

there

or ev1docoo
is oo ,n tet1on

1, no r¾PEona.tle

th~ evir.t.ence, upon Which

e on.n be innoocnt.

�'
••

•

•

•

•
•

,

•

�'
••

..
rrs~u:n"'
,:-he ~01.1..!'t inetruets

the Co~nwea.l!:h

conv1et

o• ,n

doubt as t

the aaouaed as~

rich ~oubt an

a rtasocnble

id,

the~ tre

ibler's

::1 ~ a:-stn.t:.ctll.c.e-ees~

whntevc ,

=~

ia,

•tnat

■ tote

the~ have sn.v

tells

of

the jcr;;

of ~he oa~e, 1Yt1ch arter
thay OMI:O'!,se,

to B morel certa!nt:,

Ceee ¾ Va. 813.

to eonvtot

ot ~he tn;.~

tl!Jl,t

tho

ot to:

that

tho entire

or e.ll of the evidHnce ... ee.vcs thf!

in Chat cond 1 tion tr.at

cotvici1on

if

to

bol.Uld to g1vt tim. ~he ter.ofi~

Iind him no~ ,.~11;7 and tho ·o~r;

coi::l_par1son.end oot1siders.tion

an a~id..itl

oft•nae

OJ

e.n; fao, or olroW11sof&gt;.Ilce
neoesaary

~rea

doubt,

or tho Juror::

C
-----

tho ,w•;r. tt a-:. t,he bu.rdon 1 .. upon

to prove ev-,ey faot

tne ,ccused

rea•onable

liO.

tnds

f&amp;el
ge.

�••

•
•

•

•
C

•

•

•
•

•

•

�•

•

I 8TROCTlOJI l'-o

The oourt
deliberate,
the

l.nstruote

to Lbe aot!a1

the Jur1 •lwl

•ll4 pr=ed.itattd.

1n-tont1on

ebould

exist

lcilli.ng;

ahou.ld h&amp;Ta oollt into
auoh k1111n&amp;, or a~

•

•

it

a willru.l,

lc1111:ne, 11' 1a no1' necealll&lt;ry

tor all1 p&amp;l'tioulnr
1• on~ neoeaaa17

~•tenoo

t.ny

to oonatitute

ror

I.he first

~i~e provioUllly •

t.!1'1.t

lellGllh o:C tillo
tllat

prior

aucb inteni1on

time at

the •lmc

ot

�•

�Il,STRITCTlO!i 1,0.

r~• ;u:r7 are lnat.rn.ci•d
doub1. o.e mo,r be honestly
a~an~ial

not

und roasonabl;t

entertained.

~oubt Je eu.oh c
as t.o acy sub-

"~ _rrove he o!fe
,,_,,. ~C✓-1 .19-v,~,

a?

oiust be based

upon ,he evldelfe•~

1denee., or e:.rows out o:r

oe llll arbl1trar:,

oe serious

thtl.t a reaso~~ble

~ 11.a.-~e!"tal .:'"not.esae1..1.-ie.l

l\e&lt;C!lOn&amp;.bledoubt
•d b:; the

f

douot,

and 3ubsta:nt1~1

a !oul&gt;t or i,,:,tarial
t,o 1'.111d a. ver,l1ct

.e e.1' a.e"tce,

or t.hnt 1• su,;e;eot.t.;s

wl 1.oout ov1d&amp;lloe to tu.stc1,

in order

_ ,ct or lliete

of oor1viction,

Lo warrant

necee~ary

an~ not

or

Pe c:11irc;ed..

.Lt •

i tl

an ac~ulotal.

ro r th•

~

mz:'"

1, must
!t

,u,t

Jury Lo believe

imrtater~al and ?lOn-ee~e!"tie.l.

�l

•
•

•

j

L

..J
•

�(
o
"t

e wltnosees
law

la

....-Ite!&gt;c•

to
'1ro

that,

Cl·3 WiL:&gt;eB O

or t:\GI&gt; oU&gt;.ar,

o.tot1o

to

Le a quea 101: exolu

~ .d.--e

aa ot=llJ'
II

tu

Lit.

'b-..!anoe4,

or tho

Ule:,,

tt,t

rnr
1

\ It

!Uerun
:lt tl

I.D

la Ule 4u~

II to

1 t ea~ea a

entl tlo4

to.

,

II

r1;

o:r 00 .~r -

o,:fllc!

a J:u-; 1 not · o

ST!,le.!lce £or "; .asalTOe

e tastimon,ate'1UBS

1vel

ro ,.r4 t •
o!' t.e

J.ye !Ille

J,iron

el It

t:.rul.or '1ll t~•

�•

•

•

•

•

�n;sTRUCTION No.

The Court

guilt

oy circomntantinl

eatnoLinhed
stra.~1 ••

iho Jury too,

1mtruotn

ertdenoe

l

tlJAi; t.he tacts

to proor of

and circ 1':lctlu,cea

should produce on she minds of the Jurr acaolute e.nd demon-

ce!"-ts.._&lt;rtty, bu--; it

1 s sa.;..;. .i..c:!en 1'! :..hc7 I ro-.du.ce moral

ot the oommisston of th&amp; ottenee
doubt.

1~ 1s not esaential

olmrse4,

so the exclunlon

c:e.·ta1Lt7

of renaoMble

�r

•
•

•
•

L

•

�'
'•

'

1.11oraucr1orr
.:.o /
?ho coiu-t instructs
deliberate,

the JWT .hl&lt;t to const1tuto

and pre~e41tatod

the intent1on

should exist

to she act!al

Jtil-!ng;

should

have

8\l.ch killing,

~ome into

v.

it

kill1n;;,

•xistonce

or at aey oi

it ia not necaesuy

for aey particular
it

or:J.y neoess&amp;l'J'
ror

a rillt'J.l,

length
ti:....

oi t1~e prior

such inte,,tio,

..no fl t'St tl.:,:e at

pr8v1ouoly.

I.ha:

tho •1me o:f

�-

•

•

��•

L

�'

•

••
\

I
~ '&lt;!er 111 tt,e u:,law1'\cl killifl

..tar t o
=d

It,

..,,, ia a1stln

r ln Uuo 11r::i\ degroo

1

or o.no ; er poi·~OQ 11.ll tll11oo
cd o:, tie

law or lir:

1 1,i n•

anll. 1T.irdor in U.o eoooruJ. Clo ree.

�- --,
\
aettw
•

*"' ANl6\!
•IOlasff

'I

11M 'ID 9tr.m

111 ll&amp;l •

'¢

~

M•,_,
..
t,J!,

I

at

A

,,.._

«,
111IJII

•nCE1J

I

l

�'

~Ol"/
1Jl

boo1c1da

in 11rt1nia

o seoo d dtSN••

la otl5r

1,a pr.tm
to e1n

•ti. i!l

ie

l"

to bo murdor

~!enoe

to l:IIU'der

in U:o t1r \ dc.;;reo, ~le bu.rllen of ro-oor in o tho Conno

eal th,

a mooto auwla•

pro or 10

11114to re&lt;!

.!:

on

r.

ho

,ri o

o

t r, U;e burdon o

�n-

l

...,
•

I

It.

10

•

•

�.3
~lo J11r;, """ lnntrc,o\o
kill1

l):Nnellitatod

mur&lt;:or l
i1t

1

1Nrde,-

tl.a aooonA d~eo

alico,

b t

ot

\hat

1

I ll.t'\ll.17,

on;r 11lJl:'Ul,

In U o

irat

\t.e • 1,.wr,;1
dcl.ib

ra.te~•,

11bor3te,

roo,
1ll1

IUld

o!

an4

tl.ot

e.n.

r

&amp;n~ p1•ellAoalt.Atolll;;.

n

�7
._
._.,

~• .. ,, ....

,»b: : rtl.11 ,,_..
.,_

••

11" --

a,l

l■Nzd

Ill UI

Jftlt

,__.,_

...

• Au ,\IW.,,.1119

■l

I
lll!lttt:'

■I N&amp;at• IIIN•
•
r

llll9I .,
..

j.

t.t;;;.:;,.;.J1_;...;~...::::2=':'"'!{~#!!&amp;~Il!IIIIBl:l!Sl!INlll\ljtlo,,.,niats-11:.1
--➔
-·,.1,...ct"""-•.Ic..,zsa,..:;;}:~-.;.,...;,_••-•"'e_,..,..

�'I
'fl•

oout"t 1natrl1Bt

felorJ.oual;r

\ha

all4 W\lawtull:·,

is d1T1ded into t=

Jur;; ~at

ria=lall{.btor

but w1 tho"t

mull co,

io ,:t 01.
.t:illG ano

0

ki!l;.

10 Tolun~r.
0

t

1100,

tddon

·Lter.

111toh na deflntd;

tt o d.letino Uon between
ul.a

::or ia

qu~ool,

tn Uie 1 an.t 01

ll$~:1A

Al!OU

n&lt;\

l.oo,

In or~

r,~

1:1UJ'dornna

1

er wltl:-

tut it 1e not

or ln. hoot of blood.

lob

o:- lJTlon a\lddon (lU&amp;rrol,
~

to ba

o, it cu

oxiatent
111!.llsl.ll"

or

-t Lor.

;en ooo in t e per~onm.nce o!

anotl or b:, aooinent.

or;

cl.llanos:
o!

o• t ""11oe in a

011

t •

e1;

done

Itt-

ant. &lt;&gt;t mllcc

Invol.untnr.;

la
r.uw-

Jl... rful. ac\ 1:J.l.lli

�• .-

■l

...rs••·-

al-

ut41,

,•ol(M

&amp;Ubl

, ...
I....U.l1t

~

•

Ml

_,_,..,

---••11111•

.~

nl

I

! •

-eis ....

,lwruo.,
W -

r•tl

•

11 ,M

1111 r,

,.&amp;ooU ._ I.Md odl Ill _.1uN

•

°' e,

._.

.__,..
•

•

I
l

aJ:

,~a14» 1D

It•••••• an,..,

lll ee(w

..,_

tlM •

II t .IPIOA U

�Il!S'l'!!OCTIOrl t:O

On the ehfu'£• or ,mrder,
o! lt1ll.1n.,.

t,en tl:e k1ll1n6

olroWll te.neea or i,a1-1t'1e.i1on,

-

._:2_

Qllca

1a

le ~r'OYed ax:d
tl:o burden

1

pr••=•d~unaccoo:p,rniod

of cU1prov1n;;

tl:e not
·.vitt,

tj,e ,ntliee

�-

•

?C41S

�'J ...
• .t
1,.

•

r

;r;d·

••t._lAI.

(1~-'lt~

/fu

~V-

(&gt;l"'",u
a,,

T

....

,,ft.t,..., ,,,_,, 4°' t
J

'f.•&gt;1&amp;..
t,t''-;)

c.1. .. -

~

L

•/,

/C.t.4-

1/
••&lt;-P-•••'
,-,,/~,..,

/',.,-,.,.,/

r

, '_,/•

.._.

d

"1,

?./~u~-,.,t/

• ,

• ,,~,

l';J.d,~-.

,,..,(.;1,..4--- ,..,,

P

I

"'

,

l

•h•

t:--/o

I .jl.U

• ,-.._

,.,,......~ ,,._,1,

I

..,

&gt;I

/..;

~,,

"\ :/ r(.. ,
r; du- _:4.cr .i"""_..,,.f
l~"r.~ [rl ..Lr t;

t

t

.i.,.

'f -rt. ~ 4,,, .;i;-(f,...•

..

r,,,

wlU,

I( h

,_.,\J.. ,._,,

• r '

j ;

t "~

,.~ I

,t

"I

.:;.·~
~..
-,,j,,,., ,(

l ~_,

j.11

'"I.t, it

I. "i.

, .• ,

.

t[ ,I

I.

c ..-4,-.....-.v,,.,,,
t ~-

7f,,._,-. ..,._,
l ;·

1~.A
.....,.._,
~'-•,,.
'.°7:
.

/ ,.,,...,,_,

/,{.,

11•&lt;- I 7/(I

.f.-y

~ .tna&gt;•:...,,✓ ,,....,./ ,z,..t.,-,,d

c/

-

�•

•

�•

'l'be Jur7 • .,. in.tl"Dot•4
p..-.au•d

,..,,o,..b!e
o.t tho

he u•lle4

to be 1onooent
dooltt,
o"""°naeolth
UJlOD

un~il

hi■ Soilt

ad h• 1 ■ oot
to point

to Yindi~•t•

l•l,.147
10 ...-917
ll.t-q9l

th•t

111 oataol1abed

to ~ proJadloed

to •ny other

the ••~ua•d

11!1

tayo11d •

b7 the La.~bllit7

url.11111 l ,,gent, nor

ht.a Olll l.nnuoano,

b; ll \:l1n

tbe

ill

euilt7

�I

���COJS!Offl"
~.A.L':'li

l

V

CJIAROETO Till!: JURY

CE!l7jU£ Ds.AR

,ou !ind

I!

tLe aocu&amp;od,

Central

.Deatt, no1: sut_!ty,

;ou will

say so anR no more.

It ,ou ti nd him KUilty
charged
□ent

io tho

111diatr.ie111;, tben

wLth death,

not less

It you do not

tho indictr.1ont,

then

•&lt; in

conl:i

l/'Oll io no;

of murder

in the !1 r"

se.y oo and !ix
a period

his

le 0 ree,

4r 6 od

!n the seo&lt;&gt;nd degree as

find

voluntary

canalaugr.ter

not looa
Il

ttan

volu.ntar:,
hla

chJlr,;od

punis~.ment

1n tbe

ol,arged

l)U~_:mment

of not lese

1n

by

tl:an

in Jail

fine

exot&gt;edin,,

tim

;:u1li;:,

indiotment,
as oha.rged

~Ive

for a period
one t.housand

not

of

then

you ,rill

1n t!:o pen.itentiart

tor

yea?'&amp;,

ot eit.her
out find
therein,
1n th•

years.

in tJ • f1-rot

him ,;ul.lty

iudictmen~.

by oo,it1.aoent
five

murdar
flnd

but

in the

at oon:finement

1ore than

!inement
not

find

oanelau;;j,ter

.~ nor

than

deeroo,

one no,:, more than

you do not

as

gs

b1o punishr.ient

say so 8Jld fix

ot either

h,._,,, l,"llilty

or murder in the seoo1d

degree

tix

life

year~.

twanty

p•n1 ~•n• 1a.ry f•r

-•

for

pwtish-

nor more than tlr&amp;nty years.
I

eaid,

you will

hto

in the ponitentlary

him 1tuil.ty

or mn.rder

him r,u1-lt1

tlnd

five

find

t~nn

as

degree,

se,;, so and fix

you will

or by oontlnement

or for any ten
but

or murdo" 1n tl.o firsi

or,

yr_ •111

penitentiary

for

in ¥Our 41aCretioo,

twelve

or both,

a:1'ore-

ot 1n-

him l'.Ullty
,hen

exoeedine

dollars,

or 1:!:e !elon1e•

eay so a:,d
not

loos

by eon-

mon,hs, or by n

�Coawaon,,eeJ.th
v)

Central. Detlll

Cbarg• to tno J\try

•

•

�'I.'lGI IA, !!oo~insta:i

Connty.

tn the Cl!'Onit

Court

to\l"I t:

of eaid

Oounty:
bod.,

of tt,o ~ount,

or Rock in~• am and attMdin;,

o,,-t.,

t nt Central

•reeant

then r 'hie

trere

beln.;

lr, e•lJ

efortnougt.t.

alioe

j)een w1,l; a cert

en

Joan

a leaden

Ccunty,

l ten

:elonoµsl.1,

•111!.;;lle:-e

whloh ••-Id pt1•01

1:ta malice

11~or•~bo

l:t.

an" upon she 8'\ld

_,nr,1ean;

t!A l

a",&gt;re

den ht:llot

•1, fully

sta

and of his

..ellae

o:r-re

Afar&amp;tCUofJ:;.

nenr:,, ~oe.n tl:e.n o.nd the.re

Nld

eo BB atoree~ld

llf.1d :nor~al

~iaohar&amp;~d

woun~.

And the
pre ent
e.to-:re

1d in

ae.ete-t.1~

clld •trtke,

and

thougti.
and

:t.!! fi=lov

atoa••"ld

did kill

en1 mur&lt;ler thl

•aid

,1,o

17

1

e"orr.esld.

•ound ou~ O' ':'lh!~~

Co:..,ion

l'th.

died.
do turtber

and -&gt;rt

•"ilftill;y

Ill ding.

an.1 ccr4er

abo,t\ng

etr

nnd

.e:'.o--ee cl :o

, pon th~l.r oatl,o nfor• •sld

.:Jenn. JB.U"eeBnow find 'lool.m

•llfull7

nod

on tlD df\T ead 7ear

oou!l11~llng,

!'elooouel:,,.

ot

bullet

onG mor~sl

Q"'ore:s.alu • .telo.noa

re a: reeald.

di -,l")'

leaden

and l!.al~01.m Leorl07,

Deen,

ro10,o·.:.11ly.

:e he,,.a ot

0-•tl,e a~oroee.td

:io llnd oommlt, and eo lho Jnrore
lilentr"'l

t

rr.:un

opon ti-elr

onp-.ht, •uere ~reeen,,

ent:,ol

ncr.o~-rate

eforoee.id,

'the •aM ~ent.ral

do 8!17 tbat

aid

tr.en ar&gt;l. there

tho ~aunty

t1ill1o~ a!'orotl

cf tto

I!enr;, Dean,

~e.::i~,
Sn w.

st

~

o~~

end ahot

• ain&amp;t

then al'Jd I ore

tte

and

l Lean ,rtth

eatd

e, the

ji,rore

wtth

oowier

Do•n tten

·J n~t

-ctetol

wo!lr.4 U:e en1&lt;1 • 17 !Jea1&gt; tn and upon tl:f!

tre

,.,n

;!entrs.l

Wil"vl.l7 .and; o'!'

mld

•~ 61ld ehO\ o!f eo 1tforee1tid.

Deen. otacbAr

t ea!d

:,,rf'eci •1th

Q

Ill ~I,.

urJi of

and llhoot o~• ... ,.

o!ld I.hat

11 out

and

felonoee1y,

did die,:ha·.oe

uoon thel.r

wilfully,

eo.14 IJentral

hrd end )';ftld N:ld then aoo th?re

\Ltte

oourt,

i~y of October

8th.

ditl mato •n ""••t:lt.

In p!et

ooll•t.

on th•

eaid

the

on

P.err,

o'
Deen

l!eti.eley

1-n anner

._ :e1:- nl1e•"
A

•nai

o::-~-

tt.e •~•o•

�1

�•
•

•
COJJJlO r L:'11

.-.

"

Tho detenQJl.nt;, by eoun.s, 1, move£ tho CO\trt. ;o uo t,,

es!ie

&lt;t:,o Terdlct

1n ::Lle e

e on Yte !ollow1z;

· gro.nds:

(l l

Beem.we LJ-.ocor_paa deleoti

l2)

Beoaaee tte ve!'ii.ioi or the Ju.r11• cor.trar~
Bece.aao t!io verdict

(3)

to aapvort

evidenoo

( )
certa1.

Beeaceo

evt:lence

ban not heen 1&gt;roven.

of the

J11r1 1• "ithouL

it.

o: the re!wtal or

l\0N1toro1·e

ofCer•d

the Court to "4::lt

d·u-1, , the trial

the "\00·1aod, naid

rmtuao.1 beinP,' duly exc6rted

r-ea..sona act

a.t tho til!le

(C)

fortl

,.e.ld flU.O tlono

to,

b:,
tor the

\'.ere )&gt;;"'O'OO
.nded ..

BocaUBP. ot the aruo1 eior. of otrtotn

ev1d•nco

tende-r(:t\ on beh.o.l.t' o:t tb9 CornnC)tJ.~·,calth,r..nci recetv,id

obJeetton
anl

~

of the accused,

exception~

beinc dnly

...t..e'.,.t"'•"l&lt;-.'.:l""'Z,....,~"'"8•re&gt;fo-:over-r--l.d.
J.

7

to

-..:;.,,.1.,,.J:-) ,

tr_ren

o"---r
r thei

thereto,

�r

�-----,::

CllmuI. lllil
lAIOl:SSII01r -

·•

IU.LCOLIi liDISLll

·&gt;=)'-•
•

-

-

u.J9-V,

l

�~

~

.e},I-~,.

f...

' /I ./.) )ya 'I ~
'),1,Jj,

1,,,....:,...

•:I ,/-7...,.
!-

....t-r

~

1--

, ' . t ..

..-.f 1'..lr.'....-.~
~

~

I

T . . ). .,.-.r,L

,,

,A., ~;,a

1 ..-;,,.,11•

.u+/,µ.,(_,

jiy.&lt;cc\,

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78589">
                <text>1928</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78590">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Central Dean</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78591">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony murder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78592">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="78593">
                <text>Murder</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78594">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78595">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78596">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78597">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78598">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78599">
                <text>CCR001_010_305</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="258">
        <name>Dean</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="222">
        <name>Hensley</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="501">
        <name>Snow</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25924" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15839">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_002_023.pdf</src>
        <authentication>d2ad0683ac96810afaf83c5ae96eced2</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291235">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Cesar</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291236">
                <text>1810</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291237">
                <text>Adultery</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="291238">
                <text>African American</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="291239">
                <text>Free Person</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291240">
                <text>Defendant charged with adultery.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291241">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291242">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291243">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="291244">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291245">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291246">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291247">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291248">
                <text>Ccr002_002_023</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1538">
        <name>Cesar</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="229">
        <name>Harrison</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="158">
        <name>Smith</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="8465" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="7030">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_001_015-commonwealth-v-chapman-shiflet.pdf</src>
        <authentication>bd04d03eed4b18b7157490821e7578bc</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="93586">
                    <text>�I

��,. ....

.

r.

--:.- ...

...

•

\

.

'

l:

...
. l

&gt;

)

.

...

~~ ,z~LJ
/
..,-

?~

/r-/{_

/y$3

....

.

;/'XL:~.,-,,-.~
~"'/4(da,

----.

,

---

S;U·

��~/4-U

V" /,,

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93576">
                <text>1833</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93577">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Chapman Shiflet</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93578">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="93579">
                <text>Murder</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93580">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony murder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93581">
                <text>JMU LIbraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93582">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93583">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93584">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93585">
                <text>CCR001_001_015</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1388">
        <name>Shiflet</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25138" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15139">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_010_053.pdf</src>
        <authentication>3dcdb5d702bafecafd3834f836273dd8</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281494">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Chapman Shiflet (Shifflet)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281495">
                <text>1833</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281496">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="281497">
                <text>Murder</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281498">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony murder. Not Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281499">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281500">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281501">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="281502">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="281503">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281504">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281505">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281506">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="281507">
                <text>Ccr002_010_053</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="375">
        <name>Shifflet</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1388">
        <name>Shiflet</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24317" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14391">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_020_011.pdf</src>
        <authentication>1fbb52d1214c0f83bc4414eddb10c285</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270859">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Charity Reedy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270860">
                <text>1890</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270861">
                <text>Assault and Beating</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270862">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault and beating. Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270863">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270864">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270865">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="270866">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="270867">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270868">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270869">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270870">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270871">
                <text>Ccr002_020_011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="302">
        <name>Hawse</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="402">
        <name>Reedy</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25702" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15618">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_004_021.pdf</src>
        <authentication>3ecbe3f66ef4d534a80bff59a3998d77</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288506">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Charles</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288507">
                <text>1815</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288508">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="288509">
                <text>Burglary</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="288510">
                <text>Breaking and Entering</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="288511">
                <text>African American</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="288512">
                <text>Enslaved Person</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288513">
                <text>Defendant charged with burglary and breaking and entering. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288514">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288515">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288516">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="288517">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288518">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288519">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288520">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288521">
                <text>Ccr002_004_021</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1619">
        <name>Charles</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24302" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="14376">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Prohibition_Records_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_021_048.pdf</src>
        <authentication>7cc4a3a4f9b7632ba71d6e72b28c38c5</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270668">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Charles Adkins</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270669">
                <text>1900</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270670">
                <text>Petit Larceny</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270671">
                <text>Defendant charged with petit larceny. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270672">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270673">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270674">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="270675">
                <text>Megan Pullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270676">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270677">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270678">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="270679">
                <text>Ccr002_021_048</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1198">
        <name>Adkins</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25398" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15315">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_009_055.pdf</src>
        <authentication>38783e3001feb283b46742786d6d9be3</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284742">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Charles and David Freeze</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284743">
                <text>1828</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284744">
                <text>Theft</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284745">
                <text>Defendant charged with stealing.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284746">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284747">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284748">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="284749">
                <text>MeganPullen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284750">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284751">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284752">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284753">
                <text>Ccr002_009_055</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="543">
        <name>Freeze</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3071" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2886">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/3d4e5a71495b8cd147d1abb8de6eb71d.pdf</src>
        <authentication>9ec078e0f62d9ce639110a099638b205</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48311">
                    <text>COl\!MONWEALTH OF VI RGI IA,
COUNTY OF ROC ia :~GH.AH, t o - v, i t :
I n th e Circu i t Cour t of s a i d Count
The grand j urors i n and fo r the body of s ai d c ount y of
Ro cki ngham and now attendi ng sa i d Court a t it s June term , 192 7 ,
u p on the ir oaths do 1J res ent t h at Cha rl es Ar mst r ong , 1;1 i th i n one
year n ext pr i or t o the find i ng of t h i s i ndi c tment , i n s a i d county
of Ro cki ng am , did unlawful l y ma nuf actur e , s el l , offe r , ke e p , s to re
an

exp ose f or s a l e , _ive awa y , t r ansport , di spens e , s oli ci t , a d-

vert i s e and re ce ive orders f or ardent s p i r i ts , agai ns t t e pea ce
and di gni ty of t e Commonwealth of Vi r gi ni a .
The jur ors af oresai d up on the ir oaths af or e s ai d , do further
p r es ent tat

r mstrong , wi t h i n one year nex t pr ior t o the

ha r l es

finclin _) of t hi s i ndi ct1. ent , i n t e s aid count
unl awf u ll

l ve i n h is

of Rocki ngham , d i d

os s e ss io n ardent spiri t s , a gai ns t t e

peac e and di gn i ty of the Commonw e al t h of Vi r gi n i a .
The jur ors af oresaid u pon the i r oaths afor esa i d do fu r ther
pr esent t at Charl es lrmstrong , vi thi n one year next pri or t o the
finding of th i s i ndi c tment , i n the s ai d coun t y of
unl awf ull y rece i ve ardent spirits ,
oft e Com.monw ealt

o c1ci nr;ham , d id

gainst tl1e pe a ce and di gni t y

of Vi r gi n i a .

T i s i nd ic tment i s f ound on tl:e t es t i mony of J . T. La m,
a witnes s swor n i n Cour t and sen t bef or e t he grand jury t o giv e
evi dence .

�B . I.

Commomve al th
v

J

I nd ic t r:1 e nt

Char l e s Arms tr ong

Felon y
J u ne term , 1 927

A True Bill :

~~

D. w. Ea rman
co mmonwe alth ' s Att orne

�•-

"

•
i\I

-# :J1o

.,

-

OOMMOlrRE.ALTH

1~

.
_,,.

~

Fi~lo~1934 (

. VS

'/3.

Charles Armstrong

l

-fJ~.)

~'·l
!

.}
.

f.

I

fEB

\

I
tr

1934

•

..

~

•

{'

I
i
f.

t

,.
4
Ii

:r
• j
·,

~

I
l

!l

·I\

I

f

/

;'

r
-r
~,.

'

..

�,,

.

/
/

\,

.,

/

'

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34464">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Charles Armstrong</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34465">
                <text>Felony; Guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34466">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="34467">
                <text>guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34468">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34469">
                <text>1927</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34470">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34471">
                <text>RcPr-box6-017</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34472">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34473">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34474">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="284">
        <name>Armstrong</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25753" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15668">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_003_010.pdf</src>
        <authentication>0a8d104fd2aaf7adaafaa0b0d9b85dc7</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289136">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Charles B. Roads</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289137">
                <text>1813</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289138">
                <text>Assault</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289139">
                <text>Defendant charged with assault, beat, wound and ill treat. Not guilty</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289140">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289141">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289142">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="289143">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289144">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289145">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289146">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289147">
                <text>Ccr002_003_010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1564">
        <name>Roads</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="6702" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="6436">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_004_049-commonwealth-v-charles-beach.pdf</src>
        <authentication>8797e34162be673118b22680c179bf71</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="78588">
                    <text>�..

�N~ws-REGIST~R.

/.

HARRISONBURG,

VA.

ARREST

WARRANT.

'

COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA,}
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY,

TO-WI'f:

~-~-~-~~

To__

WHERF;AS,------~-~---------------------------------------------of

a CTJ'rl'f'arhie
of said County:

the said county,

1/Jrf~---- -~

complaint and info,mation on oath hefoce me, __

has this day made

Jnstice of the said county, that

----I~ --a r/4, __________
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

of the said county,

4_--:-__~_-_
--~------··----------------------·
190.0 .. :, in the said
.. ---'---"C'-7~"'----.

on the-------/__z_ ____
---------day of_____

county,

did

1-

These

are therefore,

in the

name of the Commonwealth

and hring

before me. or some other Justice

to answer

the said complaint,

to appear

--~CkyA.

and give evidence

Given

under

of the said County,

and to be farther

~~--A.&amp;.~.~~--

dealt

you fo.thwith

the body of the sai&lt;l

with according

in behalf of the Commonwealth,

Ir

-

to command

to law.

to apprehend

-----d__~____
O.~.~

And yon are required

to summon

---0.c~~.?. --·~.4A-::-~----------------------··--·······---------------·--···

my han&lt;l and seal this __..,ei.1

--

of Virginia,

on the examination

day oL~-----·

~:lfk'--j=~

touching

the said offence .

~

__ -- --------.in the year 190.-6 ..

:J_P

[SEAL.]

�Common11·Paltl1
1•g_

Arrest Warran_t.

}

Execiiff'd
by orrestinJf

thP u·ithi11
nnrl

11•r11Tr111t

d,eliPeri,ng

the

bod !I of'. ____
____
bef'ore ________ _________________________________
_

rr Jiistice
ancl, by
numNl

of' Rocki,nJfhr11n

summoning
11•ih1PSSt'S

the
in

pPrson,

Uonntu
wdliin

this

-- ------------/,90 _

Constable of Rockingltam

County.

�1

'l tte News-LtegisteJ~ Co.,'- --=cRPO:b_,N\

Harrisonburg,

Va.

\v

-

'·

---~---=-

===========-:=-='---'=-"-'--"==

Yo~·e

-

to summon __________________________________________________
i7;---------------------------

he,·eby cmnmancled

~,,p~ .·

------------------------,---&amp;---~~---4!---~--~-~(u,_l__~
to,.ppear.

before

a Ju,tice

,n,k.:;,,".'':?;

the ________
_J__
__
7~

_____
'1(~~--------------PF;_-[J?~------on

... /)_.~

of

.................... , 190J

.,7:.0
te,/if'y

and t,he t=th

tu ,ay on behalf of

·------~6~----f~-·-------.------------------------------------------------------------------------.---------in a certain m,atter of controversy in snid Court depending and u,ndetenninecl,

-~

h!.~-!--~-~--_-..,(__p

____
day of

between

__
-...__
~-----------~-------

~,Jtf~~mi-:: ~~:rth!:~;
£100.
And
have

then

and there this

Writ.

"}

~''?J."-·~J.
'~···

day ofjJ'-~-----------------,

==---====-c:=·---=•·······

Q__

................
,

ti:.

Ju,,tice of the Peace, tk ..L.6..

190 __
7-__
: rr,nd in the 12_7-th year of the Cmnm,onwenlth.

k.J,~J

p

�(!~~~

~f~~
~t'£~~.

()~

C/i#✓,~

0~
J1J#, Y.

:;,

~
IP~,

~

/7,/JJl'lf#

�COMMONWEALTHOF VIRGINIA,

} TO-WIT:

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY,

c~

~
To ___
,______
--- - ----------------__

,,

r

7

__
~_
-----------------·----------------------, a...._Co1~ of sa£d County:

WHERTTAS,____
£_ ,_ ,._
___
) •-----------------,&lt;-~-~---:_____________________________________________________________
:_____
of the said county, has this day made
complaint
--------------L

an l information

/~_r __
,_f.~ ____
!________________
a Justice

on oath before me,. ____

J _____

of the said county, that

ttz. ,I? J ___
UP ~_________
ttA.t:.p{, __________
l ,,(,,
~--------------~~
-~------~r:.~---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/l __

of the said county, on the ________ '!!_:,_
_______
day 0LF~---------------------------------------------19o____
"S_7'tn the said county, did

----~Lu.£~
__ L'~---r--,puJ.~~---~-~-~----~--b.e,,_{4«~---~-~
,_"Z,f__

"'-'-

,.

II
6.-'
.u._ - . r.:_1..µ..
_______
A.IU-_~ ,j ________
, _________t:rvA-e..

~ ~~fr

;L.~i.~.··
These are therefore,

,

~ff

~

.. ··~,.........
·..·...
·· ~-

in the name of the Commonwealth

and bring before me, or some other Justice
trt.~~-

_________________________
~e~----~r---~----~

of Virginia,

of the said County,

'

,

___
LJ'L

,
_ ___J,«,-~

&amp;.~~~~

.

to command

you forthwith

to apprehend

the body of the said------~--~--

ur-;-___
k~~ ~------------------------------------------------..---------------------------------------

-L __

to answer the said complaint,

to appear and give evidence
Given under

and to be farther

dealt with according

in behalf of the Commonwealth,

:1__
~__
day

my hand and seal this _________
/ ____

REGISTER PRINT HARRISONBURG VA

to law.

And--you are required te sum-1Hef1

on the examination

touching

oL ______
iz~-------------------------in
~

the said offence.
the year 190 _____
,:-

------------------------------~--1-'---rff_~9
______
2_____________
J. P. [SEAL.]

�ComnwnweaUli

~ Arrest

vs.

Warrant.

-~
Executed

~~
I
'I

'

t

~

!~

~¼
'It
i
( .....

~

"ol

warrant

. ._,g14
v-:~z.~/4
__________

by arresting

.. ,

the within

r,,nil delivering

the

&amp;_£k,_~----

bodv of

~of 1--~---------Roclcingharn
Cou,ntv

before
&lt;i Justice
nnd
nameil

b!J summoning
witnesses

in

..L,fJ
____
dav of'__~~-lDO

the

within

person,

this

__
f2,.,

------~~--Ja~J.
______
.J.
Constable of Rockinglia111 ·county.

�����Hurst's Standard
Forms, Annotated.

tN0
f · 35.
[Code,

J Hurst &amp; Company,

Indictment.
§~3989, 3999, ,1000, 4011, 4045; Hurst·s

Guide

l Pulaski

&amp; Manual.

City,

Va.

pp. 537 (3), 5,10-5, 5-16, 617-18.]

l'Oft\ft\lO&gt;t\l\f(~allt~of 'f'i1tgiqia,

~

COD'N11 Y OF..... ~_:___
L, •
~~ .......................................................
IN THE ~~.CO[/RJ.

1

OF SAID

, TO-HIT:

COUJ{TY:

17zeJurors of tlte Commonu;ealt!t
of T'irginia,in a1zd for tlze body of t!te Cou77t!J
of

~~

.........

...........
~

....... _....... ...................
, a1Ld1zowattefldiflg tlze said Cottrtat it~

f

.........Jenn, in tlzeyear 1 D ./_"'., upolltlzeir oatlzspresent tlzat

·······················

l/pon the evidenceof

At..f

~'li~

..L

····--·-- ···••·••········

································--·--·······•··•···········

.

~f:;/::1?))::::;:!~s::~
/)~
Court and sent to tlze Grand Jury to give evidence.
. . .......

, Clerk.

��</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78577">
                <text>1905</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78578">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Charles Beach</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78579">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony attempted murder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78580">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="78581">
                <text>Attempted Murder</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78582">
                <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78583">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78584">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78585">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78586">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78587">
                <text>Ccr001_004_049</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="504">
        <name>Beach</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1114">
        <name>Meyerhoeffer</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3173" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2987">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/f63b8160b0cbeea512d6556dbe149084.pdf</src>
        <authentication>8e6ba062341704ae7112db6288dcd58b</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48412">
                    <text>cm:, 10W':EALTE O VI :R.GE~I.t ,
OlTJITTY OF :10vKI;:TGHL1I , t o- v i t :

I n t Le J ircuit ~ourt of sa i d County :
T~e grand jurors i n a d f or the body of said
county of Roc ki ngham and now at ending sai d Court at it s
Octo ber term , 1 929 , upon tLe i r oats do ~rese nt t 1at Charles
Beach , _ aymond 3 eac' , and John Bea ch, i n t Le sa i d count y of
Rock i ngham , di d unlawfull y have i n t Leir possess ion ardent
s:p i r i t s , a t:.·ainst t _e pea ce and. di .;n i t y of tl""e '"' ommonv:eal th
of Vi r gi n ia .

Th is i ndict,. 1 ent is f ound. on the testimony of
CLarl e s

jury to give ev i de nce .

l.

t '__.". ,

•

.,., •

~

ewr; a

1,7 •

�Poss .
Com
V

Chas . Beach
Raymond Beach
John Beach

f?. '

,;,-4 .., f

ti Sd-emeanor

October term, 1929
/

-· True Bi ll :

~

0

D. '.7 . Earman
ommonw ealth ' s Attorney

�C

Commonwealth of Virgini

~~
a-City,~ of,

·to-wit:

To the Prohibition Inspectors, Sheriffs. Sergeants, and all Polic:o\cers and Constables of the State of
Virginia-Greetin g:
WHEREAS

···-··-··-Zi:-..L . ~-!?sfg!'__________ . . .............................................

has this day made complaint and information on oath before me, ............... .
of the said ~~""'~

•--

that he verily believes, that in the said

ccity -t
oun ·y

of the saia

~

Title

and St

(a) That Ardent Spirits are being unlawf lly manufactured, sold, kept, stored, possessed, held, used and concealed
in a certain .....

d".'L .- / ~ ..............

by one................. . ..... . "' ..

Here d e s c r i b e : : : : : ~ o ~ a y . b e

~

•..••••. .

f;,I' ......................................... - ..........···························•···························-······························
Give name, if name unknown . say. "Whose name is to the informant unknown"

(b) A still, still cap, worm, tubs, fermenters and other appliances connected with such still and used, and mash and
other substances, capable of being used, in the manufacture of Ardent Spirits, are unlawfully in the possession of, and unlawfully used by one ···-· · · ~ · - ·····························································-·························!'.··········
_
.- ,

in a certain ·····-·· .. %

~

ive name. if name unknown, say "Whose name is to the informant unknown '

L&lt;f- ···-·· ····;;;.·' !d:;~'::!( -"¥1--;f..,J..

7 -.. -:~

L.!::...

(c) Ardent Spirits are being unlawfully kept, held, stored, concealed, used, sold, and unlawfully transported in certain baggage or a certain vehicle, to-wit: a certain

H e re describe veh icle, auto, wagon, carriage, bugg y, boat . baggage or what n ot

by one .....................................................................···················•·······························································································
Here give name, or describe as in [a] above

And there being reasonable cause for such belief:
THESE ARE, THEREFORE, IN THE NAME OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, to command you,
with all necessary and proper speed and assistance, to search the house, place, baggage, boat or vehicle herein designated, either in day or night, and seize such ardent spirits and their containers and other things apparently possesd or used in violation of law, and bring the same and the person or persons, in whose possession they are found,
and also any person resisting, impeding, obstructing, or in any manner hindering or delaying you in the execution
of this warrant before me, or some other officer having jurisdiction of the case, to be disposed of and dealt with
according to law; and make return of this warrant showing all acts and things done thereunder, with a particular
statement and sufficient description of the things seized and the name of the person in whose possession found, if
any, and if not found in the possession of any one, so state in your return, and post a true copy of this warrant and
the return thereof, as required by law.
Given under my hand and seal this../.~.....day of... ......... .... .

�DIRECTIONS
l.

If only Arden t Sp i rits a nd containers be seized,
the Magistra te sh a ll fi x a time not less than 10
n.o r more than 30 d ays from the date of retu r n,
for the hearing of said return. If no claimant
appear, the Arde nt Spirits and articles are to be
forfeit ed to Commonwealth . Any person claiming any of same must fil e a written claim stating
particul a rly the character and extent of his intere st there in, whereupon the Magistrate shall .
certify the w arrant, written claim and articles
claimed, to the Ci rcuit or Corporation Court, as
the case m ay be, for determination, and declare
the unclaimed articles forfeited.

2. If still, still c a p, worm, tubs, heater. fermenters,

· or a ny appliance conn ected with a still and used,
or m a sh or o the r s ubs ta nce capable of being us,
ed, in the m a nufacture of Ardent Spirits, be
seized, the m as h (a fte r taking a sample) shall be
d est royed , and the fac ts and articles seized repo r t ed to the P rohibition Commissioner and
(A copy of thiii
Com monwealth's Attorney.
warra nt and proper r eturn will be a sufficient
notice and report.) Ardent Spirits and containers disposed of a s in No. 1 above.

3. If Ardent Spirits a r e being transported in an au-

tom obile, boa t , wagon, bugg y, or other vehicle ,
the Arde nt Spir its a nd containers shall be preserve d and the v ehicle shall be delivered t o th e
Serge ant of th e City, the facts reporte d to the
Prohibition Commissioner and Commonwealth's
Attorney and Ardent Spirits and c ontainers disposed of as provided in No. 1 above. (A copy of'
this warrant and proper return will be a sufficient report.)

d

{I)

v s.

______________ '&gt;/_9 }~.---------------·-------Execut~_Jhe _7-ithin warrant this _____

zz_;_

Othe r than above stated
nesses.:

clay

of __ll_~-:~-----~

192_£ , by .searching the

wi thi n st a t ed --------~

------

e following are wit-

------------------ """'.~'-----------------------------

H e re s tate h ouse. r oom , piece

a nd by seizing the following described Ardent
Spirits and othe r things therein found (and arresting th e a bove n am ed perso n found in possession
th e reof) a n d by posting a true copy of this warrant

Thi s m a tter se t for hearing on the _________ day
of --------------- - ------, 192 ____ ,

and th e re turn her eon on the _____________________ _

No claim of ownership or interest in any of the
said things seized havi ng b een filed herein in compliance with the law , the same are hereby adjudged
a nd declared confiscated and forfeited to the Commo nwealth.
Give n under my hand this ________________ day

H ere say place, h ouse. room , boat,
auto or Ba g g age, or a s cas e may be

as front door of house, door of room or premises

of _________________ , ----, 192 ___ _

Descrf tion of Ardent Spiri ts ,2;nd other things

-~/4~~-H~
- -- ~ ~----/ m ~-~-~
_____l:f-~

se ized

__ L_~ p = ~:-~

~ i f------·----------------------

; ;. - - - -- ~ ,_ _ _c;]:~
----

~

# --- -

__ e.-£, -------

--------- 'J -- - ---- -----

See Sections 21 1-2, 22, 23, 23 1-2, 57 and 57 1-2,
Acts of Assembly, 1918, Page 578.

officers and persons asthis warrant : .

Comm on wea lth of Virginia

------

4. A copy of this warrant and, the return thereon
must be posted at the front door of the house, or
on the door of the r oom, o r on the premises at
the place the Ardent Spirits may be found.

The

WARRANT TO SEARCH FOR ARDENT
SPIRITS, ETC.

d ,______ _

·Title of Magistrat.

.

Written claim of ownership or interest having
bee n fil ed to c ertain of the said things herein seized, this warrant, the said claim and the things in
the cla im particularly described, are hereby certified to the ________________ Court of this ________ _
for determination, a nd the said things unclaimed
are h er eby adjudged and declared confiscated
a nd forfeited to the Commonweal th.
Given under my hand this _______________ day
of ----------- ------ -----, 192----·
Title of Magistra te

NOTE. -Unless warrant issued for Ardent Spirits
being transpor ted in vehicle , boat or baggage, it is
to be r e turned to the jurisdiction from which issued. If issued for Arde nt Spirits so transported, it
can be executed in any part of the State, and returned to any justice in a ny county or city th roug h
which they are carried.

�l

OCT - - 1929

j:

t

1

COMMON"ifEAilrH

vs.

Misdemeanor

CHARLES BEADH

Y) oc.l

RAntOKD BACH , ~i
· L,
JOHB BE.An
/

(

a,,1

I
..

:

I
I

~

~t -

(Pro.}

�•
I {) :,

_/.,,----~-- - - - - - --

,I

/

--

/

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35708">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Charles Beach, Raymond Beach and John Beach</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35709">
                <text>Misdemeanor; Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35710">
                <text>Misdemeanor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="35711">
                <text>Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="35712">
                <text>posession ardent spirits</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35713">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35714">
                <text>1929</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35715">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35716">
                <text>RcPr-box7-064</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35717">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35718">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35719">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="504">
        <name>Beach</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="8464" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="7029">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/ccr001_001_041-commonwealth-v-charles-beard.pdf</src>
        <authentication>d2ae93fd5c707ca72346280ebc22b2f4</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="93575">
                    <text>�~

-

·t1

~

--

-

.l

-

{.{

-

'

- {,. "
;

~ ~

-

1~~

---,
'

�\

�I

��.I

�I

L

0

_:

1

·---~

m--,

-,-e

?

2--11

L

Ir" 1-1 .~-~
-~I'

~

'?

V

~ ~

r ~v--( ~ T ·&gt;,,~ r
';t/7rv~ 9' -r-. .-..,p
f
I fl
-

--/-2'··
-rt

-y-;

,

r~

7",,/

~

/)

)

£~

-.---v

y

t

.r~

ir--

,,-~
-_,, ..~ .._,
--:-"
7
~ ~~~

._,_~

,J:,~~7:2 ,_,__~~+f~' ✓

7

?.,

---:C___,..___--.?

I

:-7_LQO~/J

•

-,-,0

if

r

r.

~,--(!-~

,,,_--...,.~w

·-

(}5-~-:; ~ ,
£~
g

-yl
---.,

)

'

~

~-12J-.,

r --- :{:- - r y_~ = ti
r --r -~1
----1--/--o
'4-r~--...-,,.YIn·-r.,. r~~--rrr ~ y N ·1:
r--~
~ 7:1 .h ~r ·,-;--~-i~
~-(, L_,_ p- j, .,__~ r
_,/t
4

-r _vj
--+·:~.,,t1 ~. ~-··_,,

-.-v

rs

• :

~~:1

• ~ ~ I/

~-1~
J.,
7

_""-V

~,;r-~,.-rft

Trf'

I' I ✓ p

~ .;: ~ -z -Pf .

r

0-,-'1

-v

----,-J ·-71 L. ,. ~·---if
r"r:

·, IY • e,
rt ~._.~
"--1

'7

!t;-:;L
~--r-

).j

I -1

,7

L L?.-(1

7' 7

,~~

L•

~

y

1 ')

rr::r. _
.~·.,,, ~ -·~
'+

·1

,t.· -~ ..-, /1
--

;

-i.-.;

T.

'I{

t1 • ,_ -~-~

7---'"--"7"-Z--~,,
1-

....
+i- ,of--•~

.._,j.,-,f ·•11

~--•=='

-y,r""'t/

i ,_
~ -1.~v 2-----:'+ ..r

+

· -~·
.

1,t"7

~Z,z

{7

~ ,..,_,,..--,----,--,0 ~
7:..,,

4rH-r~1-~

r

~r

~
/f ff
/6--9I
+Ir i
~ ,,,., ,,. T ...,_._,,
~ ..,...,.,,...---r----,---~v
.}:p . ..

~ ~

&amp; ·1

..~7_,_~r
Y

��y

-~7:r~►

.~

r

~

0

--r,"-=,J
+~7
~;7 ~I

~

7

rr
,..,,,,,
--· "1 ·.
7.1.
r-W

ft

·1r-r7

~ ~

~V

Tri

{ ~~/ ~ 11

n~

~ ~~~

~

-w

r1

~-v,-(1

''::1

V

7 . :r;,-f1

~ ~t'f/1) t ~

-~ ~IJ
+--:~~
11~--&lt;'=•~ ,_,,
7 7 I J___, h--n .=~'
-:--1~ /,f 7 ~ ~
4 +:? ~ -- Ji,~,r--,/ I- ~-PT 4_-__,,
f T
~J----;
~ t:r-.._,,
~ nf ?r r -- ~ I -L~
r~
~r
~ F ~-P
~
~-_!..,✓L~ 7
/, ~-+:T'_._._,7/
d

-r,-~

7

'-~v

1

r ;,

~?'

. ~::p:-~- 7---.--i-~
~
~~
J ~ _ __._,_,
J--v-Yf.--p _
_,, _::;:r _:,,h

7rJS~~r -d-~7 - r:--·7' "12-J:
,~~7 7 }-, ~
+
r-- ~r
,~
-r-"'
;J
-,,-y

~~-~

J.

rr--71'~'1}
p-r

~

~-&gt;-,;I

= ,._,,
..• J 7

'1~r~ ~-v-f
=-11

~-;;7

r

,-Yi)

?

~h

7.....,,,
~oR

-,.~,q

r

'~

~

~

_::;._~.

.
) 'P7'

4,-r-?r,-r~~~.,~,~,z/ 7

,_- ~

·0(?

&amp;--1

~~I~
~ v I ~-w
I!;.~~/ /~T,,.? TY y

'/,;-! I +-/-:-)-.,f.:7"

7 ~-

~-----~

~ ~

~'

_,-

7.1 .- ~L1i
T:rf 7 ---:V, '1 'I-

4::r~ h_,-r
)-, 1~
~-

-#r~

~H

t

~

-r

+

(,

c/

1-r--i~ ..,6 'J~~ry
"

����'

�..

..

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93564">
                <text>1891</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93565">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Charles Beard</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93566">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="93567">
                <text>Break and Enter</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="93568">
                <text>Larceny</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93569">
                <text>Defendant charged with felony break and enter and felony larceny.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93570">
                <text>JMU LIbraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93571">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93572">
                <text>Jennifer Taylor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93573">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93574">
                <text>CCR001_001_041</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="889">
        <name>Beard</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="784">
        <name>Cave</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="26041" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="15956">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/Rockingham_County_Criminal_Court_Criminal_Cases/Ccr002_002_069.pdf</src>
        <authentication>0587983d952ee197bccfd1059759f51a</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="20">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75153">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75154">
                  <text>This collection encompasses all criminal court cases adjudicated in Rockingham County from 1778 to 1971, spanning nearly two centuries of legal history. The records offer a comprehensive view of the county's criminal justice system, including charges ranging from petty theft and assault to more serious offenses like murder. Each case provides unique insights into the legal proceedings, punishments, and societal norms of the time, reflecting how local attitudes toward crime and justice evolved over the years.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond the legal aspects, these records also shed light on the social, cultural, and political environment in Rockingham County, including the impact of historical events such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the civil rights movement. Researchers will find cases involving enslaved individuals, early policing practices, and the enforcement of social and moral codes, offering a window into the daily lives and struggles of past residents. The collection serves as a valuable resource for understanding the community's response to crime, the development of legal institutions, and the broader historical context shaping the attitudes of crime in Rockingham County.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75155">
                  <text>Rockingham County Criminal Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75156">
                  <text>JMU Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75157">
                  <text>1778-1971</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75158">
                  <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75159">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75160">
                  <text>Ccr001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="293486">
                  <text>Ccr002</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="293485">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292666">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Charles Beard</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292667">
                <text>1812</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292668">
                <text>Not keeping part of road</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292669">
                <text>Defendant charged with not keeping part of road in good repair.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292670">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292671">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292672">
                <text>Annette Guild</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="292673">
                <text>Sydney Ring</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292674">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292675">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292676">
                <text>Criminal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292677">
                <text>Ccr002_002_069</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="889">
        <name>Beard</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3293" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="3107">
        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/files/original/77818b4c889837d4fd5b813382ed0ecb.pdf</src>
        <authentication>81689f4ec8d28e3e83958452e9914d68</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="48532">
                    <text>COMMONVlEALTH OF VIRGINI A
COUNTY OF ROC KI NGHAM , to-wit:
In the Circui t Court of said County :
The jurors of the Commonwealth of Virgin ia in a nd
for the body of said County of Rockingham a nd now attendi ng
said court at its Octobe r term, 1931, upon their oaths do
presen t that Ch arles Bennet t, who wa s hereto fore convic ted
of violati ng the Prohib ition laws of the Commonwealth of
Virgin ia on Augus t?, 1931, in the Magist rate's Court of
Rocking ham County , and who then and there was sentenc ed tq
pay a fine of one hundred dollars and serve for a period of
thirty da ys i.n ja il, did, on or about .Tune 1, 1931, i n said
County , unlawf ully and felonio usly operate an automo bile while
under the influen ce of ardent spiri t s, a ga inst the peace and
di gnity of the Commonwealth of Virgin ia.
This indictm ent is found on the testimo ny of B. O.
Cooper , A.

s.

Runion and Laney Cu ster , witnes ses sworn in

court and sent befor e the gr a nd jury to give eviden ce.

�oc
I

COM
V

CHARLES BENNETT

A FELONY

'- •i~/',,._,,.../"
J,

A True Bill

J?

A

·•:1

~, ,,

\lr tlForeman
~

D. W. Farman. , Com. Atty.

�Arrest Warrant

These are therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, to command you forthwith' to
.
apprehend and bring before, me or some o~
Justice of the said County, the body of the sai~
.

. .

························································································································ .················'··~ ··' ·~ - · ·············································································

:::::~:::i~~:~ai~.:::urth ~~a:=t~:::_~d~-°.~_:::~~~~~ '
to appear and give evidence in behalf of the Commonwealth, on the examination touching the said
offence.

Given under my hand and seal thi•··-·····_/·_········:··day of~

····················-···, in the year 19..'3:.Z......

.................................................... ~ ~ ·· .··.J.P.[Seal] ·

�JUDGMENT

Upon the examination of the within charge,
I find the accused

Commonwealth

VB.

}

Arrest Warrant

&lt;t..~ . .'. .~. . . . J~.~
Fine

$....................

Clerk's Fee

$ ................... .

Justice's Fee

$ ............. , ......

Arrest

$ .... ................

Summoning WitneBB

$................... .

WitneBB Attendence and Mileage

$....................

Commonwealth's Attorney

$ ................... .

Executed the within warrant by arresting and delivering the body of
~

0

:!
:!

I

0

:,

,,:I!

...

!!.

a justice of Rockingham County, and by summoning the within named witnesses in person
thls ............day of ............................................ 19 ..........

oq

;;·
;-

..,..,• ....
,, ...
•., :;-=- ...,,=0

&amp;

Jail Fees
Constable of Rockingham County
Total

=....0
-&lt;
:;·

before ...............................--····-.. ···· .. ······-·········...... ..

$................... .

...,,-a" ~0 "'s::5!
0.,
,,
...,, "' 0 e:
=- •:,
i::
s:::,
....,,
,, "=Q,.

Q,.

- - - -- · ·····························-······················-·············
Ju1tice of the Peace.

Q,.

7

.

~

r

Ill
Ill

�OEC

(

1939

COMMONVfEA.LTH

v.

Felony

oc

(Pro.)
- ~

CHARLES BENNErT

C0-f~L / ~ -

-~ rec .

I '

7 -1it- I J- - I 7.

4-t;. _ ?~

f

t - J73
6 ' :t

',

z_
b

\

~t.-4.fef),. ?~f--p1~J 2--

��</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10956">
                  <text>Rockingham County Prohibition Records: Criminal Cases</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10957">
                  <text>The first series of the Prohibition Records collection consists of all criminal case records associated with cases brought to the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Rockingham County Circuit Court&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; from 1916-1964. Not every individual was indicted for a criminal offense and many were simply judged as misdemeanors. The cases have been separated and arranged by the last name of the defendant.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information on the Prohibition collection, visit the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/findingaids"&gt;Finding Aids&lt;/a&gt;" tab in the menu above.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38292">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Courthouse</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58023">
                  <text>Prohibition--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58024">
                  <text>Prohibition--Government policy--United States</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58025">
                  <text>Prohibition--Virginia--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58026">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--History</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="58027">
                  <text>Rockingham County (Va.)--Genealogy</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58028">
                  <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58029">
                  <text>1916-1933</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58030">
                  <text>Pro001</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58055">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/7"&gt;Prohibition Records: Liquor Inventory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/collections/show/6"&gt;Prohibition Records: Affidavits for Ardent Spirits&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Is Referenced By</name>
              <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58551">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/erp/items/show/4524"&gt; Prohibition Records Finding Aid &lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37181">
                <text>Commonwealth v. Charles Bennett</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37182">
                <text>Felony; Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37183">
                <text>Felony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="37184">
                <text>Indictment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="37185">
                <text>operated an automobile under the influence</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37186">
                <text>Craig Schaefer, Kayla Heslin, Selena St. Andre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37187">
                <text>1930</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37188">
                <text>This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. (&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37189">
                <text>RcPr-box9-019</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37190">
                <text>PDF </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37191">
                <text>Rockingham County Circuit Court </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37192">
                <text>JMU Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="538">
        <name>Bennett</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
