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                    <text>Interview with Dr. Sheary Johnson
Lucy F. Simms School Oral History Project
Interview status: Open to the Public
Name of interviewee: Dr. Sheary Johnson
Name of interviewers: Emily Hernandez Alvarado and Owen Longacre
Date of interview:Feb 15, 2023
Duration of interview:00:57:01
Place of interview: Simms Center
Language of interview: English

Interview with Dr. Sheary Johnson
Owen Longacre 00:00
Alright, and so we are officially recording. My name is Owen Longacre. The date is February
15th. It is 3:29 at the start of our interview with Dr. Sheary Johnson. Dr. Johnson, do you
consent to this recording and the following interview?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 00:18
Yes, I do.
Owen Longacre 00:20
Perfect. Then at this case, we will go ahead and get started.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 00:25
All right. Hi, my name is Emily Hernandez. It is February 15th. So today, we are here to get to
know you. We weren't able to meet you our last time that we were scheduled to interview so, if
you wouldn't mind just saying a little bit about yourself, a little bit of what you do, just to get to
know you a little bit.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 00:47
Okay. I'm Dr. Sheary Johnson. I am a retired educator who's still teaching full time--different
things to different people. I'm in full-time ministry now, but I was a librarian in elementary and
high school. And I've taught students who wanted to become librarians at VCU. That was my
career. But now I'm full-time ministry and I'm excited to be able to share with you about some of
my experiences.

[Dr. Sheary Johnson – Lucy F. Simms School Oral Histories]

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�Emely Hernandez Alvarado 01:37
Okay, we're glad you're excited as well. So, can you tell us about any of your experiences from
Lucy Simms? We know that you did attend eventually Harrisonburg, but we'd like to know, from
what you remember what was Lucy Simms like to you?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 01:55
Lucy Simms was a good place to go to school in my elementary experience. I had very good
elementary teachers. They were very serious about students giving their best and giving their
all. I remember learning a lot of things. But it wasn't just in the classroom that we were learning.
They did a lot of what we consider extracurricular activities with us. I remember the musicals
and the choir. Especially at holidays. We would do a lot of things around the holidays.
Christmas, May Day. May Day was a big occasion. In fact, former students came from all
around for May Day. Have you all heard of May Day?
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 03:03
Yes, we did speak with Tom to learn a little bit about May Day when we did go to Lucy Simms.
But if you have any personal experiences with that day, if you wouldn't mind sharing them.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 03:14
Well, I liked May Day because it was a full day in the spring. We were all outside and we
learned how to wrap the maypole. I liked doing that, wrapping the maypole. That was an honor
because they would choose people to be able to do that. Then they'd have a lot of games and
other activities and food. It was just a great day of celebration that was planned by the school
for the coming of spring, for the arrival of spring.
Owen Longacre 04:00
Dr. Johnson I wanted to add to that. We talked a lot about May Day when we did our research
on the Simms project, using the website, but we also knew about May Day because I wanted to
communicate to you did you know that the Harrisonburg City Public School's Waterman
Elementary actually still celebrates May Day?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 04:20
Oh, it does? Oh!
Owen Longacre 04:22
Yes. And the reason I knew that was my wife is actually a second-grade teacher over at
Waterman and she's been there for almost ten years, and we've always done the May Day
celebration. It wasn't until we started this project that we realized that was a tradition that
actually carried over from the Simms School and it was carried over by one of the teachers
there, Mary Awkard.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 04:47
Yes.

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�Owen Longacre 04:48
When she was hired there. So there's--some of the traditions and the legacies from the Simms
School are still living on in our community.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 04:55
Well, that's good. Now, Miss Awkard--well, she did get married and her married name was
Fairfax. Mrs. Fairfax was very instrumental in my life, not only at the Simms School but after I
graduated from Madison and went to work. My first job as a librarian was at Waterman
Elementary School.
Owen Longacre 05:30
Oh, no kidding.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 05:31
At Waterman Elementary School and Mrs. Fairfax was, I believe, the second grade teacher
there. She really went from the role of being a teacher and a mentor to being a friend. She
showed me how to make watermelon pickles [note: Dr. Johnson later shared that she meant to
say 'cucumber pickles'], [laughs]. I used to give her rides back and forth to work after I started
working at Waterman and so we became great friends.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 06:13
So along with Miss Fairfax—wait, if you don't mind, what are watermelon pickles?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 06:27
What are watermelon pickles?
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 06:29
Yeah.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 06:30
They're pickles made out of cucumbers.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 06:33
Pickles made out of cucumbers? So it—does it go through the same process of like pickling
cucumbers?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 06:40
Yes.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 06:41
Okay, that sounds interesting. Along with Miss Fairfax, is there anyone that you'd say you'd
have, you also had a strong relationship with at school, whether that be friends or another
teacher that you could've considered a mentor?

[Dr. Sheary Johnson – Lucy F. Simms School Oral Histories]

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�Dr. Sheary Johnson 06:58
Another teacher that I especially remember is Miss Barbara Blakey. Miss Blakey taught typing.
She was a business teacher and she taught typing. I valued the lessons and experiences that I
learned because typing helped me get through college. That's how I earned money. Because I
could type—I was typing over 60 words a minute—because I could type I was able to get a job
on campus at JMU, which helped give me spending money and helped make ends meet while I
was on campus there. In the summertime, I used to get a job at the University of Virginia
Hospital in Charlottesville, using my typing skills and transcribing the doctor's notes for the
records there. So, typing was very—I was so glad that I had taken that class, and that she had
taught it so well, that I was able to use that skill.
Owen Longacre 08:27
And just for reference, can you explain to us what ages you would have attended the Simms
School? And maybe what years, if you can remember specifically when that might have been?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 08:40
Well, I started Simms when I was six. I couldn't go when I was five because my birthday came
after the first of October. So you had to wait another whole year to go to school. When I started
school, I was six years old, and I started at Simms School. It was first grade there and then I
stayed there until the 10th grade. I went to Harrisonburg High School, the 10th. I think I was
about 15 when I changed schools.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 09:41
Okay, yeah. So, from the stories that you have been telling us about those two people, would
you say that Simms impacted you and pushed you to pursue the career you went into today?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 10:01
I would say that indirectly, they prepared me to choose the career that I chose. And the reason I
say that is because, a lot of the time, I finished the work that my teachers had for us--for the
class--I finished early. So they would send me to the library a lot of the time. I spent a whole lot
of time in the library and I would help the librarian do different things. I guess it was during those
times that I achieved the love for library work. Even when the librarian went out on pregnancy
leave, they did not get a substitute for her. I carried on the work that needed to be done during
that time frame. Even to the point of ordering books. That was an awesome experience, to
spend the money to buy the books for the library during that time. So I had a lot of experiences
there. Maybe not planned, but that turned out to be something that was of value to me. And so
when I went to Harrisonburg High School, I did join the library club there. Then I, eventually, got
a job as a page at the public library in downtown Harrisonburg. By then, I had quite a bit of
experience with libraries and knew well that I would like to do that when I went to Madison.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 12:13
Okay.
Owen Longacre 12:15
[Dr. Sheary Johnson – Lucy F. Simms School Oral Histories]

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�Mind, if I ask? You, you mentioned a couple teachers, Miss Blakey, Miss Awkard. Do you
remember the name of the librarian that seemed to help maybe navigate your path a little bit?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 12:30
I want to say Miss Bates.
Owen Longacre 12:33
Bates?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 12:34
Mm-hmm. [confirming]
Owen Longacre 12:36
And, and just thinking about those three teachers, how would you describe the staff at the
Simms School? And what you remember in terms of expectations and the environment that they
set up for you as a student? How did, how did those teachers maybe impact the lives of their
students, and what was that environment like there at the school?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 13:03
The elementary and some of the high school teachers—theythey were very dedicated and had
a firm hand on the students. They weren't afraid of the students at all. If if somebody needed to
be corrected, they would correct them. They were very serious about children giving their best.
They wanted to get the best out of the children. The expectations were high. It wasn't until I was
in the high school part that I did run into some teachers who were not as focused. And
unfortunately, those subjects were serious subjects. So I realized that I needed to change
environments if I was going to get out of school what I needed to get out of school for my future.
At that point I talked with my parents, and they decided to go to the school board and ask if we
could change schools. They asked for me, if I could change schools. Then, when they granted
the permission, some other parents wanted their children to change too. So there were six of us
who integrated Harrisonburg High School.
Owen Longacre 14:59
Do you know what year that would have been?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 15:03
I graduated in '66, so that would have been probably '64.
Owen Longacre 15:10
Interesting. I did not know that. So you transferred in 10th grade you said, so you possibly could
have graduated from the Simms School, but you chose to go to Harrisonburg. I did not know
that.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 15:28

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�No, they had not integrated at the time that I graduated, but after I graduated from high school,
the total integration came.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 15:43
Okay, so we know that—oh, sorry. Along with spending your time at the library, was there any
other things—oh,whether it was a different class or just another activity—oh,that you enjoyed
doing at Simms?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 16:00
At Simms? [pause] The choir. I remember Mr. Moore was the choir director and Miss Fairfax
played. She was the pianist.
Owen Longacre 16:19
That's right, I remember hearing that.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 16:21
Yes. We did a lot of songs, a lot of music—classical music, all genres of music—we sang. And
the Christmas songs. Those stick out in my mind. In fact, that's one thing that I wish that our
youth today could experience more of—those those holiday songs that we had. Of course,
today they don't really sing the sacred music in schools much, but we used to do the sacred
Christmas songs as well.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 17:12
So were you part of the Operettas? I know that was one of the singing groups that they had
there as well.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 17:20
The Operettas? I don't remember that name. But I did sing in the choir. Maybe that was
something that happened later. I'm not sure.
Owen Longacre 17:39
Did that choir travel around or anything? Or was that mostly within the school building?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 17:44
It was mostly within the school, that particular choir. We did extra programs at night and on the
weekend or something like that. But I don't remember us traveling much with the Simms choir.
We traveled some with the Harrisonburg High School choir. And then I traveled in my choir with
Madison.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 18:18
Alright. I know we already asked you if you had any specific friends or anything, but what I want
to know is how was the environment in your classrooms? Specifically with the students there
and your friends that you had? What was it like, if you remember? What was it like—like a
school day? If you can run down like a school day that you had.
[Dr. Sheary Johnson – Lucy F. Simms School Oral Histories]

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�Dr. Sheary Johnson 18:48
Like a school day?
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 18:49
Yeah.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 18:51
Oh, I can remember coming in in the morning and the first thing we'd do, of course, you would
have your attendance. We would have, over the loudspeaker, we would have the Pledge of
Allegiance. We used to do the Lord's Prayer. In fact, I remember there used to be a religious
group that would come in and teach us Bible lessons. After a while, there was a trailer that they
would bring that would be there beside the school, and then we would go out to the trailer for
the Bible lessons. I don't know—it might have been something that happened as far as the
change in the religion in school, and all of that, that made that change necessary for them to be
able to still do what they did, but that's just a memory. That was a very valuable thing for me
because even though my father's a pastor, and I've been in lots of study groups and things, I still
feel like that has served me well over the years because part of that program was memorizing
Bible scriptures. You memorize so many scriptures and get a prize, memorize so many more
scriptures get another prize. And I kept on doing that. The highest was if you remembered 300
scriptures, you would get to go to camp for a week. So my goal was to go to camp. That was
awesome. They had a great camp over near Culpeper. We would go and stay the whole week.
That experience was one that happened there at the school. But anyway, you asked me what a
typical day was like. After the devotional part, the teacher would collect our lunch money
because we had to pay for lunch. She would collect the lunch money and then we'd go into our
lessons. Like I said, the elementary teachers really had their lesson plans and their schedule
that they kept and so we worked until it was time for lunch. Then after lunch—the lunches were
really very good. The cooks fixed homemade meals. They were better than I've seen [phone
ringing loudly in background] most school lunches today. We had homemade meals for lunch.
[phone continues to ring, caller ID annoucement] We had recess, going outside and playing ball.
Different ball games, like baseball, kickball, volleyball, you know—
Owen Longacre 22:44
Which one of those sports did you play? Well, let's say it this way. Whenever they were picking
the teams, I was the last one they would pick. [All laughing] So choir was more your speciality.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 22:59
[laughing] Right.
Owen Longacre 23:02
Well, you've mentioned so many things that happened outside of the building with
extracurriculars. Yyou've mentioned some nightly performances from the choir. I wanted to take
a moment maybe just to ask about how did the Simms School serve a role in the community at
large? And was it seen as a center for the for the Newtown community? Did they have
[Dr. Sheary Johnson – Lucy F. Simms School Oral Histories]

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�community events at the school? How did the school also serve the larger confines of the
Harrisonburg community?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 23:42
I believe the school was more like the center—it was at the center of the community. It would
have the games and things. People would look forward to that and come back to that.
Homecoming. I believe that people enjoyed coming back to the high school and having things.
In fact, it was about the only place other than church. It was about the only place you could have
something. [The only way to] have an event of any kind would be to use the school.
Owen Longacre 24:33
You mentioned it's the only place. Can can you elaborate on that a little bit?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 24:37
When I say the only place... When I grew up, all African Americans sort of stayed on one side of
town, on the—you know where Gay Street or—well, it's still on the same side where Waterman
is but it didn't go up as far as Waterman school. It didn't go past... I guess that's Main Street? It
didn't go past Main Street. So the Blacks had... Whenever they did anything it was within the
community. The Black community was from Gay Street going over to Johnston Street, over in
that area. In that time—I don't know what's there now—but during that time, there wasn't
anything in that area that you could have a function in other than a church or the school.
Owen Longacre 25:59
We have spent time looking at some older maps of Harrisonburg and talking about that division.
I was interested to see if that's similar to your experience and it sounds like, of course, that
would be. So I want to transition, and you talked about leaving—eventually, that you did leave
the Simms school, and that maybe, I wanted to ask, was it your choice and your initiative to
eventually leave the Simms school in your high school years? Or was that something that was
pushed from your parents? And if it was your decision, how did your parents feel about that
when that went on? And how did they react to that decision?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 26:44
Well, it was my choice. Something happened as far as... One of the valedictorians from the
Simms school went to Virginia State and she ended up taking remedial classes before she could
get into her regular classes. When when I found that out, I thought that should not have
happened, in my opinion. Because if you're at the top of your class—of your high school
class—you should be able to go to a college and at least go in regular classes if not classes that
were extra hard. The other thing was a couple of the teachers that I had in high school at Simms
allowed the students to get them off the subject and the whole period, they'd be talking about
sports, basketball games, football games, and it wasn't a gym class. It wasn't a PE class. Well,
that was not good. So, just a couple things were happening that let me know that I needed to go
somewhere where education was treated more seriously. The other thing that I was aware of
was that we didn't have new books. We would get the old books from the high school. They
would get brand new books and give us the old books. Well, that meant we were studying from

[Dr. Sheary Johnson – Lucy F. Simms School Oral Histories]

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�old information. Some information was probably going to be about the same, but others—like
science and courses like that—the information changes and you need to have up-to-date
materials. Our teachers basically did extra things for us out of their own pockets. The teachers
that we had were dedicated to doing extra things for us, but as far as funds, they had to pay for
it themselves. So, all of that together, I sat down with my parents and just explained to them that
I thought that I needed to go somewhere else to school. So then my father and mother went to
the school board and asked if I could go to the high school— [computer alert noise]
Harrisonburg High.
Owen Longacre 30:25
That must have been a tough decision at the time and something unique at the moment. How
did your friends at the Simms School—did they have any reaction to thinking about you leaving
and going somewhere else?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 30:47
Well, since five of them also left at the same time, I guess they could see why I wanted to go
and decided they wanted to go as well. Or their parents decided. I don't know exactly how it was
with them—who actually made the decision—but I'm sure that the student was involved in the
decision making.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 31:30
So once you got to Harrisonburg, were the changes that you were expecting noticeable? How
were the teachers different or students different from Simms?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 31:42
I would say the changes were noticeable [laughs]. The subject matter was a lot harder. The
demands for learning—I was in the college bound classes—the demands were a lot stiffer. But I
needed that. I needed to be ready to move forward academically. So it was worthwhile doing.
Owen Longacre 32:19
You seem like a very motivated person, very self-guided in a way. Did the other five classmates
that came with you, did you feel like they had similar experiences at Harrisonburg? Or, was your
experience similar in any ways? Or did you feel like maybe everybody had a different
experience?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 32:41
I found out years later—many years later—that their experiences were not remembered as
fondly as I remembered mine. I kind of moved in a different track, so to speak, by being in
college bound classes, by being in the operettas and the extra... The kinds of things that I was
involved in were different from the ones they were involved in. They were moving in another
path. And, unfortunately, they had some experiences that were negative. And [both
speaking—unclear]
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 33:36
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�Sorry.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 33:38
So that meant their memories were not as fond as my mine were of my time there.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 33:47
So, could you say, from your experiences, did you feel comfortable attending Harrisonburg? Did
you have any negative experiences going there?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 34:05
I really don't remember any that were that negative beyond... Well, everybody's not going to
want to be your friend anyway. That's kind of the way I look at it. Even if I were in an all-Black
environment, everybody's not going to want to be your friend. So when that happened in a white
environment, you know, people think differently. However they think, that's the way they think.
But then there were enough other people who welcomed me and befriended me that it really
didn't matter.
Owen Longacre 35:01
Can you describe what some of those circles were like where you felt the most comfortable in?
Were there any particular teachers in Harrisonburg, or were you able to join the choir at the new
Harrisonburg High School, or what are maybe some of your fondest memories of of your time
there?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 35:19
I did join the choir there. Miss Hackman was the choir director. The music was definitely one of
the good memories that I still remember and reflect on. Again, the Christmas music and all of
the extra activities that the choir had. I was in a special touring group with that choir.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 36:01
Along with joining choir again, were there any other groups you might have been part of whether
it was like another club or maybe even just other friends that you shared experiences there
with?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 36:17
Other than music and the library club and—that was about it. [laughs]
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 36:30
So in the end, did you like attending Harrisonburg?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 36:35
Yes. It was a long walk, but it was worth it. I walked all the way from where Simms School is, in
that community, all the way over to Harrisonburg High School, and that's not a short walk. Have
you walked that far? Have you been between the two places? [laughing]

[Dr. Sheary Johnson – Lucy F. Simms School Oral Histories]

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�Emely Hernandez Alvarado 37:03
I don't think I have.
Owen Longacre 37:05
The previous school, not where Harrisonburg would currently be, but where I guess... It's now
called Memorial Hall over at JMU.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 37:14
Oh, okay.
Owen Longacre 37:15
I believe that's the building we're talking about. Is that correct?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 37:20
It wasn't the new building. They built another high school.
Owen Longacre 37:27
Right.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 37:28
That was Harrisonburg High School. The one that I graduated from was the old Harrisonburg
High School.
Owen Longacre 37:36
Right. I think it's called Memorial Hall now.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 37:40
Okay.
Owen Longacre 37:41
Just for reference for them and it's funny we're talking about that because they're now building a
new new high school in Harrisonburg.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 37:50
And where are they building that?
Owen Longacre 37:52
It is on the south side of the city, and they're calling it Rocktown High.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 37:58
Rocktown?
Owen Longacre 37:59

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�Yeah. That was the name they came up with and it is slated to be finished, I believe in the fall of
2024. So they're in the process of building it, but the city is continuing to grow.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 38:12
Alright.
Owen Longacre 38:14
So we we know that eventually when you graduated Harrisonburg, you went on to enroll at
James Madison University. Did, did that process happen immediately? And how did you—can
you describe your process of how you ended up at JMU? And what that was like?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 38:35
Since I wanted to be a librarian, I started looking for schools that had the library science
program. In Virginia, Madison had it, Longwood, and Virginia State had the program. Of course,
being from Harrisonburg, Madison was closest to me. So that's where I decided I'd like to go. I
filled out the application for early admission, or at least for them to decide that I could come
there. So in December of my senior year, I did receive my early acceptance to go to Madison
and I went there. I graduated [high school] in in June of '66 and then in August, I went to
Madison.
Owen Longacre 39:56
Can you describe any of your emotions that you were feeling when you walked on campus for
the first time and saw yourself as a college student there.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 40:09
Ah, well, it's a large place. Not as large as it is now. [laughs] To me, walking on—it's a beautiful
campus. I enjoyed just walking around around the campus, especially at sunset. It's a beautiful
campus. I enjoyed being there. The teachers, the faculty there, were very supportive. They
always had an open door. Whenever I wanted to go and discuss my work or anything, if I was
having any issues or what have you. They were always willing to listen and give support.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 41:13
So, where was the change from being a librarian to studying to become a doctor [get a
doctorate]? Was there anything or anyone that influenced you to change into that career?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 41:29
Well, when I went for school to get my doctorate, I chose to go to the University of Virginia
because of the technology. When I decided to go back to school to get my doctorate, I had gone
through Madison. We'd had some AV classes, a couple of AV classes, but the schools were
beginning to do more and more with technology. So I went to University of Virginia, because
they had a degree in technology and I always wanted to work on a degree. I felt like, just to go
and take courses, without being in a planned program, you would end up with just a lot of hours,
but I wanted the most that I could get from the hours. And that could only happen if you were in
a planned program. It was an extension of my job because as the library media specialist at
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�Hopewell High School, I was in charge of the technology for the school. It was all in line with
with my job that I had. [pause] I was not only interested in the technology, but how to combine
the technology with learning. So, the fact that you had media—how was I going to help the
teachers merge the media and the actual lesson plans together? That's what I was focusing on.
Owen Longacre 43:49
So it sounds to me like in the years after Simms School, between going to Harrisburg and
James Madison, that you did stay local in the Harrisonburg community for a fair amount of time.
Was there a point that you then moved away? And do you currently live in Harrisonburg, or I
[unclear] from the beginning of our meeting that you don't live locally anymore.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 44:13
No. I worked at Waterman Elementary School for 10 years, and I was happy there and enjoyed
it. My husband graduated from Madison in '74.
Owen Longacre 44:29
Okay.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 44:29
And he was not able to get the kind of job that he wanted to have, making the kind of money
that he wanted to have as a family man. So he decided to come to Richmond and look for a job.
And so he came to Richmond and he found a job, and I told him, well, I didn't want to move
unless I had a job. Then I came to Richmond and spent a few days looking but didn't find
anything right away. I went back home to Harrisonburg and received a call from Hopewell High
School asking if I would come and work there as the head librarian. So, I did go to get a job at
Hopewell High School. That fall in the fall of '78 we moved from Harrisonburg to Richmond,
Virginia. And we've been here ever since.
Owen Longacre 45:57
Thank you for explaining. The reason I was asking was, we know that the Simms School of
course shut down in '66. That was a part of the desegregation process. I'm interested, in the
years after that, I know you had already left and gone to Harrisonburg, but did you have any
experience with how the closing of the Simms School might have impacted the community? We
mentioned earlier that it was kind of maybe the heart or the center of that community. When that
building in that place shut down, how did that impact everyone else who still, of course, was
going to other schools, but not having that particular place? Did you have any experience with
how that that might have had an impact?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 46:47
Well, since a lot of things happened there, beyond the classroom experience, I think it had a
very big impact on the community not having Simms School there, because for a long time it
was closed. So that cut out the more cultural side of the community. If people wanted to do
something, they needed to go outside of the community. Then you had problems with
transportation and knowing what to do, where to go, all of that. Then those things became
[Dr. Sheary Johnson – Lucy F. Simms School Oral Histories]

13

�barriers. When people don't have positive things to do, then your crime rises, your—other
negative things rise. And the community has changed a whole lot. Of course, I'm looking at it
from visiting, not as from living there, now. But just visiting, I can see that a whole lot has
changed.
Owen Longacre 48:31
We've discussed a lot in our class about some of the unintended consequences of
desegregation, and how there's always two sides to every story. I was interested, maybe if you
could continue to elaborate maybe on what your opinion is about the fact that when the Simms
School shut down, that it had maybe some of those unintended consequences, and—
Dr. Sheary Johnson 48:57
I think it did, too, especially for Black children. Because when when they went to white schools,
they no longer saw Black role models.
Owen Longacre 49:10
Right.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 49:11
At the high school—not like they did at Simms School—they didn't see Black role models. They
also missed out on that person who really pushed them to do their best. It means a lot when an
adult will push you to do your best. Children just kind of want to get by sometimes, and they
don't really need to get by, they need to go on and do their best. But, there has to be somebody
who is pushing them whether it's their mother, grandmother, teacher—somebody to do the
pushing, because you've got to get that good talent that's inside of those individuals to come
out.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 50:25
So once you went to Hopewell High School, did you feel the need to become that person for the
students there? Did you make it a goal to push those students as well from the new school?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 50:40
Yes, I did. And I still do that now. I'm a pusher. I'm a person who tries to
encourage—motivate—others to reach their goals.
Owen Longacre 51:00
Is it fair to say that, that might have been something instilled in you from your interaction with
some of the teachers at the Simms School, even from your earliest days?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 51:10
Yes, I believe I picked that up from them—from their spirit, the way they did things. The way
they involved us. I have utilized that in my programs here in Richmond. I have a nonprofit,
Better People Incorporated, in which I take inner-city children, and involve them in activities that

[Dr. Sheary Johnson – Lucy F. Simms School Oral Histories]

14

�they don't normally have, such as going to concerts, plays, going different places that they don't
normally get to go, and meeting people. I think I picked that up from them as well.
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 52:19
Including your nonprofit, is there anything else that you went on to do after JMU?
Dr. Sheary Johnson 52:33
Well, I'm very active in church. When I left VCU full-time ministry, I kind of just focused on our
local church. I'm also active at the state level and at the national level in our church. So I've just
been busy doing those kinds of things and encouraging people in the community and working
with individuals, as best I can.
Owen Longacre 53:25
Well, we—we're getting close to the end in terms of our pre-created questions, but we've been,
this has been wonderful kind of getting to know you and your story. A lot of what you said is near
and dear to my heart as my wife is an educator and my mother is a librarian. So—
Dr. Sheary Johnson 53:41
Oh, ok! Is she still a librarian?
Owen Longacre 53:44
I kind of—and as a teacher myself.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 53:47
Is just still working or is she retired?
Owen Longacre 53:49
She just recently retired. She's about seventy years old now, so she's been retired for a few
years, but—so I kind of grew up in that environment as well. I spent many days sitting around
waiting for mom to finish up work and just reading a book and all that so—so I relate to a lot of
what you've been talking about. So, as we come to a close, I just wanted to offer—was there
anything else specific to the Simms School that you feel like we didn't get a chance to talk about
in terms of memories of classmates or teachers or any special events? I know we've had a
chance to talk about a lot of it, but wanted to offer if you had any final remarks or ideas that you
feel like we might not have gotten a chance to get to.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 54:41
Well, I know that at Simms School, children were bussed from all around the county, all around
Harrisonburg to Simms School and some of them rode the bus for about an hour in the morning
before getting to school, then have an hour to get back home. I just—I value, the fact that I did
live in the city, and I could walk to school and be there in fifteen minutes and get home in fifteen
minutes, but it was, it was a good experience for me up until the time I decided that I needed to
do something different for academic reasons. To me that those are two different things, to have
a nice environment, but academically, I needed more, and therefore I needed to be in another
[Dr. Sheary Johnson – Lucy F. Simms School Oral Histories]

15

�environment. And I'm glad to know that now that they are doing some things at Simms,
community-wise, they're doing some things. That gives some positive activity in the community
for the children to go to as they need to. Although I haven't seen it in operation, but I understand
there is something going on there now.
Owen Longacre 56:39
Oh, absolutely. Did you have any other questions?
Emely Hernandez Alvarado 56:43
No, I think I got pretty much all the ones I wanted answered and heard way more than I was
expecting to.
Owen Longacre 56:49
Yeah.
Dr. Sheary Johnson 56:50
Good.
Owen Longacre 56:51
I'm going to go ahead and stop our recording.

[Dr. Sheary Johnson – Lucy F. Simms School Oral Histories]

16

�</text>
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                    <text>Cefebration of tlie Life
of

Jolin :f. Jofinson
sunrise
January 10, 1920

'Jim"

· ·Sunset - ·
June 17, 2003

Saturday, June 21, 2003
9:00A.M.
St. Elizabeth R. C. Church
179 Hussa Street
Linden, New Jersey

�Obituary
John F. Johnson went to be at home with the Lord on
Tuesday evening, June 17, 2003. He was born to Ethel and Wade
Johnson on January 10, 1920 in Bethesda, Maryland. As a child, his
family moved to Bayonne, New Jersey where he resided for many
years. In 1941, he met and married his wife of61 years.
He worked at Kraft Foods Company in Hillside until his
retirement after which he worked odd jobs for a while.
John was a lover of boxing, baseball, football and all sports.
He also collected and loved jazz.
He was a faithful member of St. Elizabeth's Oiurch and
served on the Usher Board, the Holy Name Society and the
Encounter with Christ Group.
He leaves to mourn him, his wife Mae Johnson of Linden,
NJ; 1 daughter, Linda Johnson of Avenel, NJ; 6 grandchildren, 10
great grandchildren, 2 nephews, 1 niece and a host offriends.

FILL NOT YOUR HEARTS WITH PAIN AND SORROW

Fill not your hearts with pain and sorrow,

Remember
I've o
Alt~ugh
My going
So
N

Becaus
Under ·an1Zl"'n'l...lllm
'Tis hard to break the tender cord
When love has bound the heart
'Tis hard, so hard to speak the words
''We must forever part."
Dear loved one we have laid thee
In thy peaceful crypts embrace
But thy memory will be cherished
When we see, in heaven, thy face.

Lovingly and Sorrowfully,
The Family

i.\...

1·
\

\

,!tzorrow.
✓ he smiles
rta hile.
··· 1-f and grief,
'i,en me relief
1:fer me,
std to be.
d/~k on with a smile
'llif!tw:tSJW~~
J .gone to rest for awhile.
.flMlrlDildof each of you
rts of all of you.

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�,:

�WE L C O ME

Dear Teachers and Fellow Students:
Welcome to our first Effinger Street/Lucy F. Simms School Reunion!
We are pleased that you have come to share this new experience with
us.
We have worked diligently to make this reunion a success.
effort was made to contact as many people as possible.

Every

It is our hope that this weekend will renew old friendships and
bring back fond memories of our high school days. Also we want to
recognize our teachers and extend to them our sincere appreciation for
their dedication in molding our futures.
We need your help in identifying persons and the years in our
memory mate section. If you can help us, please notify anyone on the
Reunion Committee.
We hope that you will enjoy every minute of this gathering.
Sincerely,

REUNION COMMITTEE
Ms. Delores Jones, Chairperson
Mrs. Eileen Madden, Secretary
Mrs. Betty Winkey, Assistant Secretary
Mrs. Brenda Bolen, Treasurer
Mr. Howard Curry
Mrs. Amelia Jones
Mrs. Doris Reed
Mrs. Betty Martin
Mr. Douglass Lewis
Mr. Wilma Byrd, Jr.
Mrs. Roberta Johnson
Mrs. Doris Washington
Mrs. Naomi Thomas
Mr. Carter Bundy
Mrs. Carmelita Goodwin
Mrs. Elaine Milam

��THE FIRST EFFINGER STREET/LUCY F. SIMMS SCHOOL REUNION
LUCY F. SIMMS SCHOOL
AND
BELLE MEADE RED CARPET INN
HARRISONBURG, VIRGINIA

FRIDAY - MAY 28, 1982:
7 p.m. - 9 p.m.
9

p.m. - 10 p.m.

SATURDAY - MAY 29, 1982:
10 a.m. - 11 a.m.

Registration - Lucy F. Simms School
Hospitality - Lucy F. Simms School

Late Registration - Lucy F. Simms School

12:30 p.m.

Luncheon and Fashion Show
Belle Meade Restaurant

7 p.m. - 9 p.m.

Banquet - Belle Meade Restaurant

10 p.m. - 2 a.m.

Dance - Belle Meade Restaurant

SUNDAY - MAY 30, 1982:
Morning

Church of your choice

2 p.m. - 3 p.m.

Memorial Service - Newtown Cemetary
Sponsored by the American Region

3 p.m. - 6 p.m.

Picnic - Northeast Park

6 p.m. - 7 p.m.

Vesper Service - Northeast Park

��all

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EFFINGER STRE T FACULTY - YEAR

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                    <text>•

"The Church's One Foundation
Is Jesus Christ Her Lord."

Dedication Services
For

First Baptist Church
~

Harrisonburg, Virginia
September 6, 1S64
3:00 P. M.

OFFICIATES
Rev. Thomas C. Allen, Pastor
Dr. M. F. Robinson
Rev. David H. Mefford

�DEDICATION PROGRAM

Organ Prelude
Call To Worship
The Invocation ----------------· ------------- Rev-. Thomas C. Allen, Pastor
Hymn Of Praise (No. 244) _____ ___ The Church's One Foundation
Wesley

W elcome From Church ___ _________________ ___ _ Mrs. Gloria June Moore
Rev. Richard Bell, John Wesley Methodist Church

Greetings:
Churches of Harrisonburg _______ _________ Ministerial Association
Mayor of Harrisonburg, Mr. Frank C. Switzer
Berean Valley Baptist Association
Recognitions:
Local Committee ____ George McGuire, Chm., Deacons Board
Architect and Builders ------------------------------ Leon A. Awkard,
Chairman of Building Committee

Presentation of Keys, Mr. Charles E. Burgoyne, Contractor
Dedication Hymn (No. 2L17) _______ _ I Love Thy Kingdom Lord
Handel

Dedication of Tithes and Offerings
The Offertory
The Prayer
Song of Inspiration
Introduction of Speaker ---------------------------- Rev. Thomas C. Allen
The Dedication Sermon ---------------------------------- Dr. M. F. Robinson
Pastor First Baiptist Church, Covington, Va.

The Responsive Reading of Dedication __Rev. David H. Mefford,
Minister, Harrisonburg Baprtist Church

The Prayer of Dedication -------------------------------- Rev. Calvin Chew,
Pastor New Hope Baptist Church, McGaheysville, Va.

Hymn ,(No. 343) ____ ___ _ Come, We That Love The Lord-Lowry
Remarks by the Pastor
Closing Hymn
Benediction

�"HISTORICAL SKETCH"
1871 - 1964

In the year of 1871 the Baptist believers desired to build
a house of worship in the town of Harrisonburg, Virginia.
The Rev. "\Villiam Hill was called for this purpose, and was
the church's first pastor. From his leadership and the aid of
a few Baptist people a church ,vas organized.
The first building was located on \Vest Market Street. In
1873 a church vvas erected on the corner of Wolfe and Mason
Streets at a cost of about $850.
This Church soon became too small 'for the growing congregation. In 1878, under the leadership of Dr. G. B. Howard,
the old church was set hack 50 feet. A new church was erected
at the cost of several thousand.
Having no basement to the new edifice, the congregation
then decided to use the old church building as a Hall and
Lecture room.
In later years a church house was built on the church
property for its ministers.
In the year 1963 the church was purchased by the City of
Harrisonburg for the Urban Renewal Program.
Ground breaking for the present church was held Sept. 17,
1963. Corner Stone was laid February 23, 1964. First Service
was held July 12, 1964.
Former P astors of the Church were:

...

Rev. W. Hill
Rev. J. vV. Howard

Rev. St. Clair Drake

Rev. Deskins
Rev . J. W . Hasket

Rev. Arthurs •
Rev. Walker .

Rev. G. Fox

Rev. Lee

Rev. T. White
Rev. S. 0 . Garland

Rev. J. 0. Wright

Rev. Taylor

Rev. 0. Simms

Rev. S. Moses

Rev. Jordan

Rev. J. Morgan

~ -. ~~

�THE SERVICE OF DEDICATION
The people standing and all joining in the responses.
Pastor:

To the glory of God, our Father, by whose favor we
have built this house;
To the honor of Jesus, the Christ, the son of the living
God, our Lord and Saviour;
To the praise of the Holy Spirit, source of light and
life;

People:

We dedicate this house.

Pastor:

For worship in prayer and song;
For the ministry of the Word;
For the celebration of the Holy Sacraments;

People:

vVe dedicate this house.

Pastor:

For Comfort to those who mourn;
For strength to those who are tempted;
For help in right living;

People:

Vve dedicate this house.

Pastor:

For the sanctification of the family;
For the guidance of childhood;
For the salvation of men;

People:

We dedicate this house.

Pastor.

For aggression against evil;
For fostering patriotism;
For promoting civic righteousness;

People:

We dedicate this house.

Pastor:

For sympathy and fellowship with the needy;
For brotherhood with all men;
For the essential unity of all believers in Jesus Christ;

People:

We dedicate this house.

l
J-

�Pastor:

For the building of character;
For the giving of hope and courage to human hearts;
For the teaching of morality, temperance and justice;

People:

\Ve dedicate this house.

Pastor:

For missionary endeavor at home and abroad;
For world-wide evangelism and education, till all the
kingdoms of the world become the kingdom of our
Lord, and of his Christ;
For the reform of social wrongs, till all human society
is transformed into a kingdom of heaven;

People:

We dedicate this house.

Pastor:

In grateful remembrance of all who have loved and
served this church; with hearts tender for those
·who have fared forth from the earthly habitations;

People:

We dedicate this house.

Pastor and People:
vVe, novv, the people of this church and congregation,
compassed about with a great cloud of witnesses,
grateful for our heritage, remembering the sacrifices
of the fathers, confessing that a.part from them our
work could not be made perfect, do decicate ourselves
anew to the worthy \vorship of God in this place and
to the constant service of God in the Christian service
of men.

I
l

�Gifts Of Memorial '\-Vindows

Mr. George Terrell
Mr. Leon Awkard
Mrs. Hattie \ Vashington and Mrs. Margaret Rowe
Mr. Hampton Sampson
Mrs. Maude Carter
Miss Mary F. Awkard
Miss Louise VVinston
Mrs. Mary Yokley
Mr. Earl Harris
P.F.C. Gary Martin
Mr. Edward Black
Mrs. Marena Flemming

Board Of Deacons
George McGuire, Chairman
Albert Francis
Hampton Sampson
Ralph Sampson
Allan Howard
Charles Thomas
James Fairfax

Trustee Board
Robert Fields, Sr., Chairman
George Terrell
Leon Awkard
Percy vV ells

�Church Treasurer ----------------·------------------ ·-·------ Mrs. Maude Carter
Church Secretary ------------------------------------ Mrs. Marena Flemming
Church Organist ------------------------------------------ Miss Mary F. Awkard
President Ladies Auxiliary ______________ ____ Mrs. Hattie Washington
Head Usher ------------------------------------------------------ Mrs. Inez ,vmiams
Sunday School Supt. ------------------- ----------------------- Miss Elsie Martin

Building Committee
Mrs. Maude Carter
Mr. Leon Awkard
Mr. Charles Thomas
Mr. Allen Howard
Miss Mary Awkard
Mrs. Susie Bryant
Mrs. Hattie vVashington
Mrs. Ruby Sampson
Mr. Lester McCall

�-

---- ·- ___ __,j

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1871

FIRST

BAPTIST

1983

CHURCH

HARRISONBURG 1 VIRGINIA

112TH

PSALM

127:1

ANNIVERSARY

EXCEPT THE LORD BUILD THE HOUSE, THEY LABOUR IN
VAIN THAT BUILD IT•

MoTTo: EVERYBODY IS SOMEBODY
REV• CALVIN BALTIMORE, PASTOR
SISTER SARAH SN~PSON, CHURCH CLERK
DEACON JAMES FAIRFAX, CHAIRMAN OF DEACON BOARD
DEACON ROSSIE BROADDUS, CHAIRMAN OF TRUSTEE BOARD

��PASTOR 1 S MESSAGE
TO THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH FAMILY:
TO THE SAINTS SCATTERED ABROAD AND OVER THE LAND:

Greetings:
As we think about the 112th Anniversary of our great
church, I can but speak now as I have spoken that Christ is
alive and that we must continue to stand together for Christ and
in the name of Jesus Christ.
I first then exhort you to take a stand in these troubled
times.
Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath
made us free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of
bondage. (Galatians 5:1)
Yes, we must stand and earnestly contend for the faith
which was once delivered unto the saints. (Jude 3)
We must not
the many changes
stand ye in the
is the good way,

be swept away by every wind of doctrine nor by
of these times. Jere■ iah 6:16 tells us to
ways, and see, and ask for the old paths, where
and walk therein.

We must continue to walk together in unity, love, and
peace.
Submitted in love for the advancement of the Christian
cause,
Your Humble Servant and Pastor,

Rev. Calvin Baltimore

��Rev. Calvin Baltimore

�HISTORY OF OUR PASTOR
Rev. Calvin N. Baltimore accepted Jesus Christ as his
personal Savior on the second Sunday in June 1959, and is a
member of the St. Paul Baptist Church, Happy Creek, Virginia.
He served as a faithful deacon for 14 years at St. Paul
before God called him for higher duties on April 10, 1976. Rev.
Baltimore was licensed to preach the Gospel by his home church.
After being licensed for 10 months and much prayerful
consideration, Rev. Baltimore accepted the call from Third Zion
Baptist Church, Success, Virginia as their Assistant Pastor.
During the 105th session of the Second National Ketoctan Baptist
Association, Third Zion requested the ordination of Rev. Calvin
Baltimore. On the 24th of September 1977, Rev. Baltimore became
pastor and served in this capacity for approximately five years.
Rev. Baltimore was also called to Popular Forks Baptist
Church, Warrenton, Virginia on July 15, 1979. He became supply
pastor in September, 1979 and was voted in as pastor on October
20, 1979. He served Popular Forks for approximately three
years. God blessed Rev. Baltimore in his pastoral works at both
churches.
Rev. Baltimore became pastor-elect of First Baptist on May
23, 1982. First Baptist needed the strong leader we have in
Rev. Baltimore. Since becoming our pastor we have grown to
great success. We have organized Homecoming Day, Deacon and
Deaconess Day, baptized 9 and received 7 by Christian
experience, and one minister, and numerous other accomplishments
mentioned in Concentration of Improvements.
Since Rev. Baltimore has been our pastor, much fellowship
and love have been created among the membership and the
community. Many of the former members have returned to First
Baptist and we have a Spirit-filled worship service.

�MODERATOR 1 S MESSAGE

Greetings:
As your Moderator, I take this moment in the Name of Jesus
to congratulate and cmmend you at First Baptist for standing 112
years in the Name of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ.
I know the road and way has not been easy for you, storms
of life rage against you; but you kept the ship on course with
the help of the Lord.
Continue to be strong in the doctrines of Jesus Christ, be
strong in brotherly love for one another, keep marching to Zion,
and when your marching days are finished, you will be able to
lay down your sword and shield, say farewell to old life and
join in with heavenly angels and say, "I looked back and wonder
how I made it over."
God bless you and your pastor.

Your Humble Moderator,

Dr. J.P. Baltimore

Elected Moderator
The Rev. J.P. Baltimore,
0.0., was elected as
moderator of the 104th annual session of the Second
National Ketoctan Association held at the Mt. Morris
Baptist Church in Hume recently. The event was attended by a congregation
of about 500 people. Dr.
Baltimore heads a large
Baptist body in Virginia,
Pennsylvania, West
Virginia and Maryland.

�HISTORY OF THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH
In the year of 1871 the Baptist believers desired to
organize a meeting house of worship in the town of Harrisonburg,
Virginia . The Rev. William Hill was called for this purpose and
was the church 1 s first pastor. From his leadership and the aid
of a few Baptist people a church was organized. It was located
on West Market Street.
In 1873 a church was erected on the corner of Wolfe and
Mason Streets at a cost of $850.00. This church soon became too
small for the growing congregation.
In 1878, under the leadership of Dr. G. B. Howard, the old
church was set back fifty feet. A new church was built on Wolfe
Street in front of it at the cost of several thousand dollars.
Having no basement to the new edifice the congregation decided
to use the old church as a lecture room and social hall.
In later years a parsonage was built on the property to
house ministers and their families, also visiting ministers.
Although the church was started in 1871 there is no cornerstone
to prove it. The cornerstone on the Broad Street Church is
dated 1878-1964.
The church in eighteen and early nineteen hundred had
strict rules of discipline. Members were excluded for:
dancing, card playing, betting, fighting, bad language,
adultery, non-payment of dues, and non-attendance at church or
church meetings. Members were allowed to be restored back to
membership by asking pardon.
Church dues were twenty-five cents a Sunday and the pastor
received thirty to thirty-five dollars a month. Some of the
pastor's salary was raised through entertainments which brought
in from five to ten dollars.
In the year 1963, under the pastorate of Rev. T. C. Allen,
the Wolfe Street Church was purchased by the City of
Harrisonburg for the Urban Renewal Program.
Groundbreaking for the present church on Broad Street was
held September 17, 1963. The cornerstone was laid February 23,
1964. The first service was held in the new church July 12,
1964.

�HISTORY •••... (Continued)

During the building process services were held at the Lucy
F. Simms School and at the homes of members. Rev. Allen, as
pastor, did a remarkable job in holding the congregation
together while the church was being built. Rev. Allen was a
fine, dedicated minister. He and his wife, Evelyn, were parents
of three children. The church was dedicated September 6, 1964.
Lots of changes have been made in the church these recent
years. the basement was remodeled, amplified sound system
installed, new Allen organ and new piano purchased, new stairway
built, a bus was purchased, new outer doors put up.
The church has advanced spiritually with the reorganizing
of the Choir and Sunday School. A Youth Group has been
organized to help our young people. These church clubs have
been organized: Ladies Auxiliary, Willing Workers,
Missionaries, Men 1 s Club, and Usher Board. As an outreach
program the church is sponsoring a Day Care Center in the lower
part of the church.
Pastors of the church and improvements made during their
pastorate:
Rev. Hill - 1871-1872:
Began church in a building on West Market Street.
Rev. J.B. Howard - 1873-1890:
Church erected in 1873 on corner of Wolfe and Mason
Streets at a cost of $850.00.
In 1878 the old church was moved back and a new one
was built in its place at a cost of several thousand
dollars.
Rev. Deskins
Rev. J. W. Hackett - 1890-1897:
Electric lights installed in the church.
Rev. G. Fox - 1897-1900
Rev. White - 1900-1902
Rev. L. C. Garland - 1902-1907

�HISTORY ...... (Continued)

Rev. Taylor
Rev. Samuel Moses - 1907-1912
Rev. St.Clair Drake - 1913-1915
Rev. Jordan - 1915-1917
Rev. Arthurs - 1918-1921:
Built parsonage for Wolfe Street Church
Rev. Walker - 1922-1924
Rev. Lee - 1924
Rev. J. 0. Wright
Rev. C. A. Morgan:
Remodeled church
Rev. Obediah Simms:
Wurlitzer Organ purchased
Rev. T. C. Allen - 1956-1964:
Broad Street Church built
Rev. R. T. Duncan - 1965-1966:
Church grounds improved
Rev. Calvin Chew - 1966Church basement remodeled
Rev. J.B. Williams - 1976-1978:
Allen Organ and piano purchased
Rev. Lloyd Minor - 1979-1981:
Public address system put in
Sunday School reorganized
Rev. Calvin Baltimore - 1982 Church bus purchased
Church kitchen remodeled
New stairway built
Youth Group organized
Choir reorganized
Day Care Center sponsored in lower level of church
New metal outside doors installed
The church is steadily moving forward under our pastor,
Rev. Calvin Baltimore. We have also had an increase in our
membership.
Sister Mary A. Fairfax
Church Historian, 1983

�REV. THOMAS CARY ALLEN
1922

1981

New First Baptist Church erected during his pastorate.
(1964)

�Psalm 127:1 Except the Lord build the house, they labour in
vain that build it: except the Lord keep the city, the watchman waketh
but in vain.

CONCENTRATION OF IMPROVEMENTS
1.

Bus

2.

Fence barrier around the church

3.

Painting of the outside of church

4.

Painting of the inside of church

5.

Construction of a new stairway

6.

New ceiling in vestibule

7.

Construction of the kitchen
New cabinets
New countertop stove
Sinks
Repair of refrigerato r
New deep freeze
f. New floor
g. New hood fan
h. New stainless steel table
i. New soda machine
j. Water cooler
k. Calculator

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

8.

Updating of public address system

9.

New steel doors

10.

New fence around the church lot for Day Care playground

11.

Day Care tables, toys and lockers

12.

Day Care Center

13.

Bringing people back together on one accord

14.

Hosted Annual Youth Group Convention - July, 1983

II Chronicles 7:10-22

�CHURCH BUSINESS OFFICERS

Mrs. Sarah Sampson
Church Secretary

Mrs. Catherine Williams
Church Treasurer

(Seated left to right) Mrs. Rachel Lewis, Deacon Rossie
Broaddus (Chairman). (Standing) Miss Mattie Myers

DEACON BOARD

TRUSTEE BOARD

(Seated) Deacon George McGuire (Deacon Emeritus). Standing
left to right) Deacon James Fairfax (Chairman), Deacon Ralph
Sampson, Deacon Rossie Broaddus, (Deacon Hampton Sampson not
pictured)

�ROLL OF HONOR

Mrs. Maude Carter, 101 years of age

Deacon George P. McGuire, 103 years of age
These loyal Christians were awarded plaques of honor on Homecoming Day, July 3, 1983 at the church.

�FIRST BAPTIST DAY CARE CENTER
Mrs. Marian Frankel, Director
Mrs. Dorothy Payne, Co-Director
Miss Robin Winston, Aide
Mrs. Diane Whitley, Aide

�MOTHERS OF THE CHURCH
(Left) Mrs. Rachel Lewis (Presently)

{Right) Mrs. Hattie Washington, Former Mother of the Church, Choir
Member and Church Cl erk for a number of years • .
MISSIONARY CIRCLE

(Seated left to right) Mrs. Pauline Brown (Secretary), Mrs. Ann
Turner, Mrs. Mary Fairfax (President), Mrs. Helen Buck {Treasurer).
(Standing) Deacon James Fairfax

�LADIES AUXILIARY

(Seated left to right) Miss Mattie Myers (Treasurer), Mrs.
Catherine Dunn (Chaplain), Mrs. Mary Fairfax (Secretary).
(Standing left to right) Mrs. Helen Buck, Mrs. Rachel Lewis
(Vice-President), Mrs. Catherine Williams, Mrs. Patricia Blakey
(President)

DEACONESS BOARD
(Seated left to right) Mrs. Margaret Rowe, Mrs. Marena
Flemming, Mrs. Mary Fairfax, Mrs. Hattie Washington, Mrs. Helen
Buck. (Standing left to right) Mrs. Rosa Banks, Mrs. Amanda
McCall, Miss Mattie Myers, Mrs. Rachel Lewis, Mrs. Catherine
Dunn

�USHER BOARD

(Seated left to right} Miss Adrian Carter (Chaplain}, Miss
Mattie Myers (Treasurer}. (Standing left to right} Mrs. Ann
Turner (President}, Mrs. Patricia Blakey (Secretary}, Mrs.
Virginia Smith (Vice-President}. (Miss Lois Pratt not
pictured . }

WILLING WORKERS CLUB

(Seated left to right} Mrs. Cathering Dunn (President}, Mrs.
Marena Flemming. (Standing left to right) Mrs. Ann Turner,
Miss Adrian Carter (Sick Editor}, Miss Mattie Myers (Secretary),
Mrs. Amanda McCall, (Mrs. Hilda Carter, Treasurer, not pictured}

�(Seated left to right) George McGuire, Dilmon Washington
(President). (Standing left to right) James M. Fairfax
(Secretary), Ralph Sampson, Sr., Rev. Calvin Baltimore, Oscar
Banks, Rossie Broaddus (Treasurer) (Not pictured: Warren Curry,
James Ware)
EASTERN MENNONITE COLLEGE STUDENTS

(Seated left to right) Dale Flood, Sylvia Perry. (Standing left
to right) Lawrence Dow, Sonia Perry, Kristen Freed, Billy Scott

�CHURCH MUSICIANS

(Seated left to right) Lawrence Dow (Pianist), Mrs. Cathy
Winston (Pianist), Mrs. Mary Fairfax (Organist and Choir
Director for over 40 years). (Standing left to right) Miss
Cathy Williams (Organist), Mrs. Sarah Sampson (Assistant Choir
Director)
CHURCH CHOIR

(Seated left to right) Dale Flood, Cathy Williams, Mary
Fairfax, Katie Bell Brown. (Standing second row) Cathy Winston,
Sylvia Perry, Joyce Sampson, Catherine Williams, Alva Williams,
Pauline Brown, Sarah Sampson. (Third row) Lawrence Dow, Ralph
Sampson, Sr.

�SUNDAY SCHOOL

(Seated L-R) Miss Mattie Myers (Assistant Superintendent), Mrs .
Rosa Dickerson (Treasurer), Mrs. Mary Fairfax (Superintendent),
Carmen Davis, Miss Joyce Sampson. (Standing L-R) Deacon James
Fairfax, Deacon Rossie Broaddus, Mrs. Ann Turner, Rev. Calvin
Baltimore, Miss Adrian Carter (Secretary), Mrs. Pauline Brown,
Miss Millie Bryant, Miss Lois Pratt (Not pictured: Eric Brown,
Tyronne Brown.)

FIRST BAPTIST YOUTH GROUP

(Seated L-R) Jamesa Williams, Joyce Sampson (President), Shawnee
Madden, Carmen Davis, Mrs. Catherine Dunn (Coordinator), Mrs.
Pauline Brown (Coordinator). (Standing L-R) Adrian Carter
(Secretary), Tonya Madden, Raquel Williams, Winnie Dickerson,
Millie Bryant, Mrs. Patricia Blakey (Coordinator), Parrish
Madden

�FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH 1873

�FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH 1878 - 1963

Rev. J. 0. Wright
1930 - 1945

�FIRST BAPTIST CONGREGATION WOLFE STREET CHURCH, 1950

�FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH CHOIR
(left to right, front row) Altee Beale, Emsie Barber, Bertha Fields,
Maude Carter, Ethel Ball, Nanline Awkard . (Second row) Peggy Thomas,
(Back row) Harold
Cathy Winston, Carrie Rankins, Lloyd Ball.
Fairfax
Mitchell, Hampton Sampson, James

�BIBLE STUDY CLASS

(Left to right) Mrs. Catherine Williams, Miss Frances Scott, Mrs. Edith Nickens, Gary
Carter, Mrs. Katie Bell Brown, Deacon James Fairfax , Mrs. Modestine Davis (Bible teacher),
Miss Mattie Myers, Mrs. Pauline Brown, Mrs. Ann Turner, Mrs. Alva Williams, Mrs. Rosa
Dickerson. (Not pictured: Mrs. Mary Fairfax, Miss Louise Winston, Mrs. Catherine Dunn)

�MODESTINE R. DAVIS

* Evangelical American Missionary in body and "to the uttermost parts of the
earth," prayerfully and financially.

* Born, reared, and attended high school in Blacksburg, SC. Moved to

Greenville, SC in 1940. Attended Claflin Colle-~ 1941-43. Taught on
two-year certificate. Further education at Houghton College, Houghton, NY.

* Married Wilkins Garrett, Sr. in 1948. One son: Wilkins Garrett, Jr., Pastor
of Mt. Zion Progressive Missionary Baptist Church, St. Petersburg, FL.
Brenda. Daughters: Kamara, Adri~nne, Jackie, Christian

Wife:

* Widowed for seven years. Married Abraham Davis, Jr. One daughter: Silena R.
Davis, entering junior year at Eastern Mennonite College.

* Converted under white missionary of the Methodist Church at age 11, and
received a call from the Lord at that time.

* Baptized under Rev. Charles F. Gandy, Springfield Baptist Church, Greenville,
SC. Varied training and experiences. My very heart, teaching the Word of
God and intercessory prayer.

* Associate member of Wesleyan Church, Brethren In Christ, and many others.

* It was most appreciated that the Rev. Calvin Baltimore permitted me to teach
at First Baptist Church, taking others in from the community, in a weekly
Bible study.
Missions Include:

* Setting up and teaching Bible studies in evangelical and non-evangelical
churches.

* Vacation Bible School
* Introducing good, solid Christian magazines and books; use of Bible
dictionary, concordance, Bible study methods, Bible doctrine

* Cross-culture students in our home

* Telephone ministry
* Regular correspondence in all states and abroad, sharing the Good News (18-20
letters daily)

* Distribution of literature by mail and in person: Placing Bibles in pews,
setting up Good News stands where permitted

* Home open for Biblical and prayerful help: Provide clean beds and food for
those who spend the night, but most of all spiritual food.
from everywhere.

Visited by people

* Some speaking in churches: Cutting down as He leads, due to health.
My Prayer

"Then saith He unto His disciples, 'The harvest truly is plenteous, but
the laborers are few; pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that He will
send forth laborers into His harvest.'" (Matthew 9:37, 38)

�FIRST BAPTIST CONGREGATION, JUNE 5, 1983

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH BUS

�GOSPEL CHORUS OBSERVES FIRST

ANNIVERSARY

(left to right, front row) Miss Julie Helms, Mrs. Gloria Moore, Mrs. Alora Williams, Mrs.
Rosa Brown, Mrs. Ophelia Whitelaw and Mrs. Patricia Howard. (left to right, back row)
Mrs. Catherine Williams, Mrs. Cathy Winston, Mrs. Sarah Sampson, and Messrs. George
Williams, Raymond Williams, and Ralph Sampson. Other members of the chorus not present
when photo was made are Gary Carter, Miss Ellen Myers, and Stanley Thomas. Mrs. Cathy
Winston, Director of group.

LITTLE

STEPS OF SOUL, 1977

(left to right, front row) T. C. Curry, Stephanie Howard, Winnie Dickerson, Wendell
Howard, Kim Brown. (left to right, back row) Debbie Washington, Sonya Myers, Felissa
Nelson, Frances Nelson, Charita Blakey. Directed by Cathy Winston.

�Ralph Sampson, Jr., super basketball star, who is nationally
known, is a member of the First Baptist Church. He is shown
here receiving a plaque from the church presented by the pastor,
Rev. Calvin Baltimore.

�In

Me■orial

Me■ory

Of

Deacon Lester McCall
1908-1980
Wife
Mrs. Amanda Brock McCall
Children
Maureen Lynch
Margie Murray
Alice Carter
Eileen Madden
Maurice McCall
Alberts. Amos
Twenty-Four Grandchildren
Sister
01 a Belle McCall
Half Brother
Lawrence Brown

Tribute

to
Mrs. Sarah J. Wood
1867-1946 - Grandmother
Mr. Joseph C. Awkard, Sr.
1881 - 1946 - Father
Mrs. Nanline W. Awkard
1892-1957 - Mother
By children
Mary Awkard Fairfax
Leona A. Smith
Joseph Cyrus Awkard, Jr.
Fred Monroe Awkard

In

Me■ory

of

Mrs. Della Mae Harper
1910-1983
A Faithful Member of
The Willing Workers Club
And Ladies Auxiliary

�PATRON LIST

James and Anna Hoover
Mary Tali aferro
Louis and Dawn Campanelli
Paul and Becky Christophel
Betty Beasley
Eleanor Page Price
Elon and Edna Rhodes
Donna Green
Louise Winston
Andrew Yancey
Dr. George Nipe
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Broaddus
Mrs. C. I. Sease
Rev. and Mrs. Nesmith
Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Madden
Katie Brown
Warnetta Tuckson
Mr. and Mrs. Willie Bryant
Charles Jackson
Linda Frazier
Frances Holley
Mattie Myers
Mary Hayes
Ann Turner
George McGuire
Alberta Thompson
Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Brown
Eric and Tyrone Brown
Sgt. and Mrs. Harry Brown
and Son, Jeremy
Sp4 Perry Brown
Kim Brown
Kisha Tolliver
Angel Tolliver
Mr. and Mrs. James Fairfax
Edith Nickens
Carmelita Bundy
Mr. and Mrs. James Madden
Larry N. Madden
Bobby A. Myers
Mr. and Mrs. Conrad Washington
Debra Washington
Shawnee Madden
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Stuart
Corliss Brown

Rev. Calvin Baltimore
Sister Maude Baltimore
Sister Henritta Baltimore
Mr. and Mrs. Sampson Baltimore
Rev. J.P. Baltimore
Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Scott
Mrs. Jean Burrill
Mr. Harry Johnson
Mrs. Geneva Ruffener
Mrs. Delores Trammel
Mrs. Yvonne Dade
Mrs. Josephine Johnson
Miss Claudette Crusom
Mr. and Mrs. George Sampson
Gene Carter
Mr. and Mrs. William Reed
Mrs. Delores Jones
Marie Bates
Beulah Webb
Mr. and Mrs. Kenny Freeman
Edward H. Wilt
Mrs. Wilt Biller
Scott Bi 11 er
Virginia Smith
Rachel Lewis
Rossi Broaddus
Glori a J. Moore
Rosa Lee Brown
Rosa Dickerson
Warren Curry
Ms. Hattie Brown
Mrs. Margaret Strother
Ms. Julia Buck
Mrs. Helen Buck
Ms. Betty Peyton
Ms. Marie Peyton
Mr. George Buck
Mrs. Ementha Prince
Mr. Leroy Buck
Ms. Patricia Dunn
Mrs. Catherine Dunn
Mrs. Alfonzo Jordan
Mr. Alfonzo Jordan
Ms. Nakisa Jordan
Ms. Ellen Ann Myers

�PATRON LIST ...... (Continued)

Mr. Aaron Myers
Ms. Lynn Myers
Mr. Derick Myers
Ms. Alva Williams
Mr. Ronald Williams
Mr. Frankie J. Williams
Mr. Sam L. Knight, III
Mr. Mrs. Oscar Banks
Mom Janie Solomon
Mrs. Cathy Winston
Ms. Robin Winston
Ms. Donna Winston
Mr. T. P. Winston
Ms. Millie Johnson
Mr. Ralph Walker, Jr.
Mr. James Brown
Mr. and Mrs. John Huffman
Ms. Delores Bland
Mr. and Mrs. Wilson Blakey
Mr. Dwight Blakey
Ms. Charita Blakey
Mrs. Marian Stewart
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Lawson
Rev. and Mrs. Jefferson Wright
Rev. and Mrs. Edward White
Carolyn R. Nicholas
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Jordan
Rev. and Mrs. Ausberry
Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Folkes
Mrs. Gwen B. Smith
Sister Louise Ausberry
Mr. Robert Hill
Sister Ethel Dean
Mrs. Amanda McCall
SOUVENIR BOOK

Chairman •.....•..••.... ..........••.•• •.• Mrs. Pauline Brown
Publicity Chairman ......•.....•... ..•..•• Mrs. Cathy Winston
Church Historian .••...•......... •......••• Mrs. Mary Fairfax
Typing/Assembling .........•.•... ..•.... Mrs. Frances Sampson
Mrs. Pauline Brown, Mrs. Mary Fairfax
Pictures ....••...••••.. .....•...•.....• ••• Gitchell 1 s Studio
Old Church Pictures ••.....•...••.• .....•...• Mrs. Helen Buck

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Where people come first
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�</text>
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        <name>James Fairfax</name>
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        <name>Mary Awkard Fairfax</name>
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        <src>https://omeka.lib.jmu.edu/simms/files/original/The Mary Awkard Fairfax Collection/MAF0228_historic-harrisonburg-booklet-by-john-wayland.pdf</src>
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                    <text>�HISTORIC HARRISONBURG

BY

JOHN W. WAYLAND

ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED

1949

REPRINTED BY PERMISSION

C.

J.

CARRIER COMPANY

HARRISONBURG, VA.

1990

_ _ ________________________________________
:-

____;

-----'--

-

- -- - --·---

�{

'

OTHER HISTORICAL WORKS BY JOHN

w.

WAYLAND

The German Element of the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia

A History of Rockingam County, Virginia
How to Teach American History
History Stories for Primary Grades

A History of Virginia for Boys and Girls
Scenic and Historical Guide to the Shenandoah Valley
Historic Landmarks of the Shenandoah Valley
A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia
Chapters in Church History
Virginia Valley Records
The Pathfinder of the Seas
Historic Homes of Northern Virginia and the Eastern Panhandle of West
Virginia
Stonewall Jackson's Way
The Bowmans, A Pioneering Family m Virginia, Kentucky, and the
Northwest Territory
The Washingtons and Their Homes
The Lincolns in Virginia
World History (a textbook), with Carlton J . H. Hayes and Parker T.
Moon

11

�HARRISONBURG SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES

111

serve places on the roll of honor. Among the colored teachers
Lucy F. Simms, U. G. Wilson, George A. Newman, and principal W. N. P. Harris, with others, have had long and honorable careers.
From time to time the old school buildings have been enlarged, new ones have been erected, and improved equipment
has been provided. In 1908 a stone building was constructed
in front of the brick buildings on South Main Street at a cost
of $23,000. In 1910-11 the Waterman School was built at
the northern edge of the city, at an outlay of $25,000, on
grounds donated by the late A. G. Waterman. In 1925 this
school was enlarged by a ten-room addition costing $60,000.
In 1928 the new high school building was erected on the old
fair grounds at a cost of $225,000, and in 1934 the building
was enlarged by a six-room addition at an expenditure of $33,
000. Within the same period excellent buildings were provided
for the Negro schools.

I

'

The Lucy F. Simms School

In 1882 a four-room brick building for the Negro school

t
m

co
an

M

was erected at a cost of $2000 on a lot facing Effinger Street.
With a substantial addition on the west side this building was
used until 1938-39 when the Lucy F. Simms School, in a splendid brick building costing, with its equipment, $100,000, was
opened a short distance farther east. This school, very appropriately, was named in honor of Lucy F. Simms, a graduate
of Hampton Institute, who, for 55 years, was an efficient teacher in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County. The school is
located on a part of the Gray estate, within a few hundred
yards of the place where Lucy Simms was born a slave in
1855. More details concerning Negro education in Harrisonburg will be found in the narrative by Professor U. G. Wilson.
(See PART II.)
Two institutions of higher learning, one in Harrisonburg,
the other just on the north of the city, must be included in
this sketch of our educational history.

�13.
Negro Schools in Harrisonburg
In 1911 when I was collecting materials for a history of
Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, which was published in
1912, Professor U. G. Wilson, at my request, wrote a paper on
the Negro schools. Parts of this paper were used at that time.
In 1942, when this work on Harrisonburg was under way, I requested Professor Wilson to supplement his paper of 1911 with
items subsequent. This he did, and both of his contributions are
herewith presented.
By reason of circumstances that can not be explained, a complete record of all the early transactions connected with the
purchase, sale, and transfer of our Colored Public School property
has not been faithfully kept, and we have, therefore, had to depend
largely upon the traditions of our oldest living citizens for the
information contained in this sketch; and a closer investigation
may reveal inaccuracies as to chronology and details, but statements in general may be accepted as positive truth.
When, in 1865, the Negro race in America, after spending
nearly 250 years in servitude, was set at liberty and almost simultaneously clothed with citizenship, the necessity for education and
fitting it for the responsibilities of the new relation it then sustained to the state and nation was felt and admitted by all. The
doctrine of universal education, while advocated by many individuals in every section of our country, seemed to spread more
rapidly in the North and West. Men's sympathies went out toward these poor dependent and ignorant creatures until the sentiment crystalized into an organized effort to provide for them the
light of knowledge.
To this end such organizations as the Freedmen's Bureau and
U. S. Christian Commission were established and were instrumental in sending to various southern localities many cultured,
consecrated Christian women and men to labor for the intellectual
and moral advancement of the race. Two of these women, Misses
Martha Smith and Phoeby Libby of Augusta, Maine, came to

345

�346

HISTORIC HARRISONBURG

Harrisonburg and organized the first mission school for the instruction of Negro children in 1868. They taught in an upper
room in the rear of the old Scanlon Hotel. We are told that
to reach the room pupils had to climb, jump, and stoop; but in
spite of the many difficulties encountered, boys and girls are said
to have crowded to the place daily, so anxious were they to receive instruction at the feet of their fair benefactors.
The next location for the mission school was in the basement
of the Southern [Northern] M. E. Church-the same afterward
becoming the property of the Catholic congregation, and more
recently torn down to give present site for the Snell &amp; Co.'s
wholesale grocery building.
The next mission teacher was Mr. George Howard of Washington, D. C., a colored man. It was during his term that the
number of pupils increased to such an extent that assistance was
sent to him in the person of Mrs. Elizabeth James of New Bedford, Mass. This lady proved to be a most valuable acquisition.
She was exceptionally intelligent and had the gift that few teachers possess of inspiring her pupils with laudable ambitions.
"I regret so much that my son or daughter did not go a year at
least to Mrs. James," is an expression frequently heard from
patrons today concerning their younger children, and indicates
what great confidence they had in the ability of this pioneer teacher. She taught until 1871. It was during her stay that the
public free school system was established in Virginia; and when,
according to the requirements of the law, she applied for examination, the division superintendent refused, saying paraphrastically, "I have need to be baptized of thee."
She taught in the first school house built for the colored people
of Harrisonburg. The ground was purchased from Mr. Jouett
Gray and was the parcel bounded on the south by Rock Street,
on the west and north by Black's Run, on the east by the property of Robert Vickers. It was deeded to the colored citizens
of Harrisonburg to be used by them for educational purposes.
The trustees were Elijah Huffman, William Peters, Gabriel Jackson, Arch Strother, Cary Myers, and Robert Vickers. The house
was a one-story frame building about 25 by 40 feet, set upon
wooden blocks or pillars about 3¼ feet above the ground. The
ample space beneath was sometimes used for the packing away of
wood, sometimes as a shelter for homeless canines, but more £re-

II

�NEGRO SCHOOLS IN HARRISONBURG

347

,aently as a temporary retreat for an escaping urchin. Blackboards were painted spaces on the boards with which the school
house was ceiled. This would become so slick that crayon would
not adhere, and the children would overcome the difficulty by a
violent puffing of stale breath against the boards, thus adding
more poison to the already unsanitary conditions of the room.
In this house from 1870 to 1882 a generation of Negroes
strove for mental development. I might add, just here, that this
little wooden structure, like the early New England meetinghouse, which was for one purpose a church, for another a town
hall, another a court-house, so this house was the rendezvous of
the colored citizens for quite a variety of purposes. Here were
held the old-time devotion meetings, in which our fathers sang
and prayed to the God in whom they trusted. Here were held
the weekly sociables and festivals. Here were held the political
club meetings where many an ambitious political Moses essayed
to lead his sable hosts to the land of promise. Herc were held
night schools and singing schools. In fact no building has ever
been erected in the town of Harrisonburg the name of which
recalls so many varied past interests or causes the indulgence of
more pleasant reminiscences by the colored people than the
"little old school house by the creek."
The teachers during this period were the following: Robert
Scott of Charlottesville, succeeding Mrs. James, taught one term.
He was regarded as a ripe scholar and a good disciplinarian. He
was followed by James Peterson of Boston, who was also a good
scholar and much esteemed as a congenial gentleman. These as
principals were assisted by Miss Mary Jackson of Staunton, who
taught in the basement of the Northern M. E. Church, also in
the old colored M. E. Church on Wolf Street. James Peterson
was succeeded by G. A. Newman of Winchester, Va., who taught
for seven consecutive years, or until 1883. He was a painstaking instructor, a constant student, a valuable churchman, and
not a few of our most successful young men along literary lines
bless him for the habit of persistent, systematic study acquired
under his tutorship. He was assisted at various times by Miss
Lucy F. Simms, Reeves Minor, Miss Sarah E. Smoot, J. W.
Coles, Miss Shug Haskins, Bob Robinson, all of whom taught
the primary classes m the old Wolf Street Church. In 1882
the attendance was so much increased, and the quarters then

.....

�348

HISTORIC HARRISON BURG

occupied had become so inadequate for the accommodation of
the children, that it was evident something had to be done to improve conditions. The matter was brought to the attention of
the school board, then consisting of Messrs. James L. Avis,
George 0. Conrad, and French Compton. The board immediately
went into consultation with leading colored citizens of the town,
among them James W. Cochran, Elijah Huffman, and others, as
to an available and suitable site for a school building. In the
meantime a committee waited on Mayor Pent Bryan and the town
council in the interest of an appropriation for the building of
the same. The council agreed to appropriate $2000. A site
was chosen on Effinger Street, upon which was built a two-story
four-room brick building, with stair-case in the center, from
the front door to the second floor. This building was heated
by stoves and imperfectly ventilated by doors and windows.
The blackboards were of painted slate. This building, while
not constructed in strict accordance with the most modern ideas
of school architecture, and lacking many conveniences essential
to the health and comfort of teachers an&lt;l pupils, was a decided
improvement on the past, and for the next 26 years was the pride
of our citizens and the mecca of the aspiring young Negro in
this section.
Time and space will not permit me to comment at length upon the personal qualifications of the teachers that taught during
this period, but simply to mention them, as follows: From
1883 to 1884, Miss Lucy F. Simms, acting principal, Miss Jennie Hughes and Webster David, assistants; from 1884 to 1885,
Miss Lucinda Bragg of Petersburg, principal, Misses Lucy Simms
and Lizzie Evans, assistants; from 1885 to 1886, H. H. Suther
of Hampton, principal, Misses Lucy Simms and Lizzie Evans,
assistants; from 1886 to 1890, G. A. Newman, principal, Misses
Lucy Simms, Alice Burns, and Lizzie Evans, assistants ; from
1890 to 1891, J. P. Johnson, principal, Misses Lucy Simms and
Lizzie Evans, assistants ; from 1891 to 1896, G. A. Newman,
principal, U. G. Wilson, Misses Lucy Simms and Jennie Settles,
and James W. Botts, assistants; from 1896 to 1897, J. P. Johnson, principal, U. G. Wilson, Miss Lucy Simms, and John Terrell,
assistants; from 1897 to 1908, G A . Newman, principal, U. G.
Wilson, Misses Lucy Simms and Maggie Newman, Mrs. Hannah
Nizer, and Miss Mary Brown, assistants.

�NEGRO SCHOOLS IN HARRISONBURG

349

During all these years each principal and teacher doubtless
.abored hard-sometimes against many odds and amid much
discouragement-for the intellectual advancement of those committed to his or her charge; much good was accomplished by them,
and many have crossed the mystic river to receive their reward
for work well done, while many others of them have turned to
labor in fields no more honorable, but more compatible with the
exigencies of advancing age.
From 1908 to 1911 the presiding genius over the colored
educational interests of Harrisonburg was H. A. M. Johns of
Hampton, Va., assisted during that time by U G. Wilson as
assistant principal, Misses Nanney Fallon, Lucy Simivs, Gertrude
Norman, and Mrs. Rosa E. Carter, the last being succeeded by
Miss Fallon the second year. The qualifications of this young
principal were shown not only in the classrqorn, but were demonstrated also in the complete change of attitude toward the
school by both school authorities and patrons, by the influence
he somehow exerted to secure this enthusiastic cooperation. What
was accomplished during his incumbency has elicited praise from
friends and foes alike and gives him a just right to a place in the
galaxy of the race's most successful educators. A detailed account
of what was accomplished will nbt be attempted here, but suffice it to say that, like the celebrated financier, Alexander Hamilton, of whom it was said, "He spoke to. the dead corpse of public credit and it sprang upon its feet-he smote the rock of
national resources and abundant streams of revenue burst forth,"
so, it seemed, that some magic voice had spoken in the educational affairs of Harrisonburg. As an outstanding accomplishment of this period, the old four-room structure of 1883 was
transformed into a more commodious structure by duplicating
the original on the west side, which gave two more classrooms
on the first floor and a much needed assembly room above, with
an ample hall-way between. Modern heating and ventilating
systems were installed, sanitary toilets, electric lights, and other
improvements were provided.
From 1912 to 1915 the principal was Hugh V. Brown of
Hampton, Va. He was an aspiring and capable young manwas a conscientious teacher-but apparently was handicapped in
the enforcement of discipline by his youth. He was assisted by
U. G. Wilson, Misses Lucy Simms, Roberta Morgan, Ethel

II
I

�350

HISTORIC HARRISONBURG

Smith, and Rosa Jones. From 1915 to the present, 1942, Prof.
W. N. P. Harris of Lexington, Va., has been our efficient school
principal. During his incumbency the school has advanced along
many and notable lines, chief among which has been the organization and operation of an accredited high school. A beautiful
and spacious building, equipped with all modern educational
facilities, was erected in the northeast section of the city in 1938,
through the benevolence of the Federal Government an&lt;l the City
Council. Departments of musical and industrial arts, under the
direction of competent instructors, have been added. The assistants to Professor Harris, from time to time during his administration, have been: John H. Christian, James F. Nicholas,
Chas. W. Robinson, I. S. Wayne, James K. McKane, J . W.
Wormly, A. T. Edwards, Misses E. Lucile Oliver. Helen Caphas,
Alma Wilson, Goldie Morris, Eloise Walker, Edna Wilson, of
the high school, industrial, home economics, and musical departments; Mrs. Lena Stephens, Misses Ethel Smith, Eloise Lanier,
Maryland Alston, Gwendolyn Ranier, Ruth Hollins, Dorothy
Davies, Julia Grigsby, Jean Francis, Elaine Bryant, Marie Snyder,
Beatrice Cheatham, Dorothy Royall, Ann Sykes, Estelle Brown,
Virginia Brooks, teachers of the grades.
This historical compend of the beginning and progress of the
Negro public school of Harrisonburg is submitted with the hope
that whatever satisfaction is lost to the reader in his or her
search for literary excellence, may be compensated by a realization of pleasure from the contemplation of facts, simply but
sincerely and truthfully revealed.
U. G. Wilson.
A fact of interest that should be noted in this connection is
that the splendid $100,000 school building for the Negroes, erected in 1938-39, at the northeastern side of the city, named for
Lucy F. Simms, stands on a part of the Gray estate "Hilltop,"
where she was born a slave in 1855. She was a classmate of
Booker T. Washington at Hampton Institute, where she graduated in 1874. For 56 years she taught in Rockingham schools,
most of the time in Harrisonburg. S4.P.t. W. H. Keister, WM
c me here in 189 ha st d.J.hat..she, until the fall of 1933 had
n..Q.L missed a day from her classes because of illness within that
Eeri
She died suddenly in Harrisonburg, July 10, 1934.

-

-

-

--------------!!!!!==--

�256

HISTORIC HARRISONBURG

1933, June 10, fire in Tutwiler Motor Co. building, west side
of N. Main, midway between Wolf and Rock Street.
1933, June 20, fire in brick building east side of N. Main,
partly over Black's Run, northeast of Gay Street.
1933, July, Stehli Silk Mills increase employment roll from
400 to 500.
1933, Aug. 11, state firemen's convention parade in Harrisonburg.
1933, Aug. 12, President F. D. Roosevelt's first visit to Harrisonburg.
1933, Nov. 4, Weldon Berry recalls that he and other boys
played in a~ arched-over tunnel that used to run from the site
of the Presbyterian Church, northeast side of the public square,
down to the Big Spring.
1933, Daly Shoe Factory opens northwest of Madison College
in old incubator buildings, earlier sash and door factory.
1933-34, the jail, northeast side of Graham Street, remodeled.
1934, January, old log house, brick veneered, west side of
Liberty Street opposite the jail lot, torn clown; prior to 1854 occupied by William Rehercl, blacksmith.
1934, May 24, exercises honoring Supt.Wm. I-I. Keister-40
years of service in Harrisonburg schools.
1934, June 1, night, Lowell Thomas speaks in Wilson Hall.
1934, June 14, Massanutten Chapter D. A. R. unveils bronze
tablet at Smithland.
1934, July 10, death of Lucy F. Sims, Negress, who had taught
in county and city schools 56 years.
1934, July 20, death of Thomas Lemen Williamson, 87, formerly
of near New Market.
1934, Sept. 2, death of Mrs. Mary L. Pollock, 94.
1934, Sept. 13, new State Theater, east side of S. Main Street,
opened.
1934, Sept., Evelyn Norcross Sherrill and Ben Hibbs in the
Country Gentleman, Philadelphia, write of Joseph Funk and
Singers' Glen. Hibbs had visited Harrisonburg and Singers' Glen
to collect facts.
1934, Oct. 16, new bus terminal, west side of N. Main Street
between the Kavanaugh Hotel and the Lutheran Church, opened.

�rPUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN HARRISONBURG

361

Mr. L. C. Claybrook lives in a home erected on a part of this
ground. When this (Ott) house was sold the school was moved
across to what was then the Heneberger lot-now Keister Park.
Temporary buildings were erected there from time to time until
there were nine of them, which the pupils called "chicken-coops,"
but which were known as the Wm. H. Keister School. Manual
training, domestic science, and one or two rooms of the lower
grades were housed in the old Heneberger home. This Heneberger lot was purchased by the school board with the intention
of erecting a modern and up-to-date high school building there.
Plans for the building were drawn and the contract about to be
let for the erection of the same when, because of the central and
crowded location and from the fact that automobiles were coming
into use very fast, no place for parking cars and taking care of
the crowds could be had. Agitation was begun for the purchase
of the "Fair Grounds" on which to erect the high school building,
which, as mentioned above, was completed in 1928.
A few years ago a ten-acre plot of ground was bought by
1 he city council on which to erect a new Negro school.
Already
there is a splendid athletic field and playground equipment on
this ground. This school is to be known as the "Lucy F. Simms
School" in honor of one who taught in the school system of
Harrisonburg for more than fifty years.
When we came to take charge of tlie schools in September,
1894, there were many private schools in town. These were well
patronized and the majority of the children went to these schools.
The Misses Sue and Esther Campbell conducted for many years
a splendid school for young ladies in the house on Campbell
Street recently remodeled by Dr. Deyerle and now known at "The
Colonial Inn." Miss Martha Davis had in her home on the southwest corner of South High and Water Streets a scl1:-iol for girls
which was very popular and well patronized. Miss Mollie McQuaide conducted a school for the Catholic children in the house
now adjoining the southern boundary of the present Main Street
School grounds. Rev. Mr. Yonce, the Lutheran minister here at
that time, had a school for grown boys at his home on the south
side of East Market Street, now the residence of B. Frank
Garber. Miss Hortense Devier had in her home, which stood
on the northwest corner of North High and West Market Streets,

�362

HISTORIC HARRISONBURG

now the Conrad F1ats, a school for children, both boys and girls.
This school was very popular and largely attended. For a
time Miss Jennie Davis had a school for smaller children on the
first floor of the house on Court Square now occupied by Dr.
J. M. Biedler. Miss Mary I. Bell conducted a school in the second story in the rear of the present Warren Hotel. Miss Bell
had from twenty to twenty-five pupils in attendance. In the old
Offutt building, or the "Bee Gum," on the southeast corner of
North Main and Effinger Streets, there was a school for larger
boys in charge of Mr. Legg. There was also a school for both
young men and young women in the old Colli cello house on North
Liberty Street conducted by Mr. Phipps Miller. In later years
Miss Nettie Waugh had a school for small children at her home
on the north side of Franklin Street, where Tom Herring now
resides. Mrs. Jacob Liggett also had a school for small children
in her home on South Liberty Street.
There was among many of the people a strong prejudice against sending their children to what they called the "free school."
It was with a good deal of hesitation that they were willing to
send them to any but private schools. In a year or two, however, the children attending the private schools gradually began
coming to the public schools and it was necessary for the private
schools to discontinue. One by one these schools closed and all
the children in the city were enrolled in the public schools. There
is not now, and has not been for many years, any child in Harrisonburg attending a private school in the city.
It was our policy from the very first to endeavor to make the
Harrisonburg schools the best possible and to insist on thorough
work in order to give the schools a high rank, not only in the
state, but iP the nation. We have reason to believe that our
efforts alon~ this line met with success and with the approval of
the parent:; and citizens of this splendid and loyal city.
The following items were added by Mr. Keister at a later
date, in or about 1939.
In 1938-39 the Lucy F. Simms (Negro) School, located in the
northeastern section of the city on ten acres of ground, formerly
belonging to the old Gray estate, was erected and equipped at a
cost of $100,000, the city paying 55% and the United States
Government 45% of the cost. This is a class B building and is

1

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                    <text>Harrisonburg Public Schools
Harrisonburg, Virginia

�PUBLIC SCHOOLS
of
HARRISONBURG, VIRGINIA
Report of

(Grade)

(Year)

To the Patrons:
This report of your child .is based on:

First-his growth in character habits and attitudes that make
for good citizenship.
Second-his progress and achievement in his school studies.
Third-the record of his physical development and his attendance.
We urge you to study this report and discuss it with your child.
Plan to visit the school and confer with the teacher and the principal.
Please sign this report and return promptly to the school.
M. H. Bell
Superintendent of Schools

71 .. ... .
------ -

Retained in .. ,t;_ ..._.. ~ - ~ ..
Promoted to

7-~

c(Teacher)

�Page 3

Page 2

Citizenship

Report Periods

I

1

I

2

I

3

!

4

I

5

I

6

I

Arithmetic
Language
History

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Science

Is prompt

Accepts responsibility

Music

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il'ygiene

2

Practices self-control

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Explanation of Grading System

A-Excellent ; commendable; worthy of praise.
B-Good; very sat isfactory ; above average.
C-Average
D-Below average; improvement should be made
F-Failure to satisfactorily do the work required for promotion.

Marking System

S-Satisfactory
U-Unsatisfactory

GRADING SYSTEM
i Superior 95 to 100
B Good

88 to 94
81 to J7
D Passing 75 to 80
E Incomplete
F Failing
C Average

�Page 4

Page 5

Comment s of Teachers

Comments of Teachers

Fir st Report Period

Third Report Period

J

J

Second Report Period

Fourth Report Period

}

·l

�Page 6

Page 7

Physical Inspection

Comments of T eac l1ers

Fifth Report Peri od
D Indicates defect

S-ep-t-em
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C indicates correction

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�Page 8

Comments by P arents

F'irst Report

Signature ...

'

··············································

Second Report

d

.................

Signature

......

Third Report

Fourth Report
~

..........................'...

Signature .

.

..................

Fifth Report

Sixth Report

Signature

........

............................................ ..............·--··················

l

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                    <text>~e~O£tof

~ ~ kd/;
S

Grade
School

4""3/- 1. ~

,
HARRISONBURG PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Harrisonburg, Virginia

�PUBLIC SCHOOLS
of
HARRISONBURGt VIRGINIA
Report of

~ (N~ ~

£'

~

(Grade)

L961-6:t
(Year)

[
To the Patrons:
This report of your child is based on:
Ffrst-his growth in character habits and attitudes that make
for good citizenship.
_
Second-his progress and achievement in his school studies.
Third-the record of his physical development and his attendance.
We urge you to study this report and discuss it with your child. Plan to visit the school and confer with the teacher and the principal.
Please sign this report and return promptly to the school.
M. H. Bell
Superintendent of Schools

Retained in
Promoted to

~

.

~7J2

Jll' ~~
(Teacher)

�Page 3

Page 2

Report Periods

Citizenship

==========;===;====;:===;===;==:..:;::::::..:_ ===
6
Term
5
4
2
3
1

Reading

Follows directions well

Writing

Cooperates with others

Spelling
Arithmetic

Respects rights of others
Takes care of personr.l and
school property

Language

Is courteous
Practices self-control
Is prompt

Hygiene

Uses time wisely

Music

Accepts responsibility

Art

Shows good sportsmanship

Science

!\larking Sy,item
Explanation of Grading System

ABCDEF-

Superior ........ 95-100
Good .............. 88-94
Average ........ 81-87
Passing ..... ..... 75-80
Incomplete
Failing

S-Satisfactory
U-Unsatisfactory

�Page 4

Page 6

Comments of Teachers

Comments of T eachers

Fir st Report Period

Third Report Period

l

J

Fourth Report Period

Second Report Period

1
'J

�Page 7
Page 6

Physical Inspection

Connnents of Teachers

Fifth Report Period
C indicates correction

D Indicates defect

Eves

Teeth

Ears

Tonsils Weight

September

7~

January

1'7tJ

May

Sixth Report Period

Attendance

1

2

3

4

5

6

Session

Report Period
Days on Roll
Days Absent

t)

Times Tardy

t)

�Page8

Comments by Parents

First Report

~~

Signatur? . k r.....

Second Repu:rt

Signature

Third Report

ll1.?A...-..

d~

........ . ...

.. . . ... . . .d..✓.:.du.d

Fourth Report

Fifth Report

Signature ...................~ ......................... - ............ !........ .

Sixth Report

Signatu.l'e .......................................................... ................................. .

l

�CERTIFICATE

THIS CERTIFIES

~

OF

-

~ ~

«m74nendcdfo

fllerl~"ty and Yknct«ale"ty
in sfltena'ance, haven! ken neithe1, aknt n01&lt; la"'o/
/J«Jm 5/ckol dftnn,t de ~
endtn! ')wn,✓ 19 a.:z,
f4

J2iwaded at J ~ di.J~
~
I 9 dz:L
_d~&lt;:;7~ ln. 2 / ~ ~ck,
BECKLEY-CARDY COMPANY , CHICAGO.

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cl

fa
1

Harrisonburg Public Schoo1E
Harrisonburg, Virginia

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REPORT CARD
Name ......../

J., . . . . . ./ .·y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .

2 ./ ./

,
1.//2
Grade ....../ ....................................................... Home Roo1n N

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FIRST SEMESTER

1st

2nd

3rd

SECOND SEMESTER

Total

1st

2nd

Days Absent
Days Tardy
CERTIFICATE OF CLASSIFICATION
September

19.l,..3...

Total credits ear'ned to date ................................... .
Classified:
June 19.41.tf_ ..

Credi ts earned this year ....................................... .
Total credits
Classified:

3rd

Total

�REPORT CARD
HARRISONBURG PUBLIC SCHOOLS HARRISONBURG, VIRGINIA

Pupil

4 ... . . ...~. .~

Home Room '.'lo . ...........

i...~....

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I

I

1st

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IExan1. \

x~~- I

Final

First
Semester
Second
Semester
HABITS AND ATTITUDES

1st

I

2nd

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-5

Co-operation

.:3

I

3rd

\

4th

I

5th

/

6th

Dependability
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5

Courtesy

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2nd
3rd

6th

....

-------------- -- -----·--····------------- ----......... -..--. ----- .---... ---... -.-------- -.--..-... -- ---- --------. ....-.---..._--

�Key to Grading System
A 95-100 Outstanding
B 88-94 High Average
C 81-87 Average
D 75-80 Low Average
*E 65-74 Condition
F Below 65 Failure
~

Key for Habits and Attitudes
If not Satisfactory
I Improvable
U Unsatisfactory

A grade of E must be raised to a passing grade by the end of
semester or grade becomes F.

The development of proper habits and attitudes is an essential
part of the student's education and for worthwhile citizenship.
To get the best results, your co-operation is earnestly requested.

COMMENTS

.--- --... -. ---. --.. __--...------ .. ---.. -----. -------. --... ----. ------...--... --.. --.. ---. -----.. .-.. ---. -.. --... --... -. ---..--... --. -. -. . -. -... --,_

�RE P ORT CARD
HARRISONBURG PUBLIC SCHOOLS HARR ISO BURG, VIRGINIA

.

~

ary- Ann Smith

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Pupil ················-·-·······················-···-···········-··--····-·· l{o111e Roon1 . ~- .......... .

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I

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-

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6th --······-·· ----- ······------------- -........................... -. ------- -- .... .. .. ··- -··----- ...... -...... .. --------- ....... ········-

�REPOR T CARD

HARRISONBURG P UBLIC SCHOOLS HARRISONBURG, VIRGINIA

Pupil

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..

Home Room :--lo ............

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�Key for Habits and Attitudes
If not Satisfactory

Key to Grading System
A 95-100 Outstanding
B 88-94 High Average
C 81-87 Average
D 75-80 Low Average
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F Below 65 Failure
~

I Improvable
U Unsatisfactory

A grade of E must be raised to a passing grade by the end of
semester or grade becomes F.

The development of proper habits and attitudes is an essential
part of the student's education and for worthwhile citizenship.
To get the best results, your co-operation is earnestly requested.

COMMENTS

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,.

'

�REPORT CARD
HARRISONBURG PUBLIC SCHOOLS HARRISONBURG, VIRGINIA

Pupil ..:?..'!:!.,:f
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�REPORT CARD
HARRISONB URG PUBL IC SCHOOLS HARRISONBURG, VIRGINIA

•
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1

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Semester
Second
Semester

HABITS AND ATTITUDES

I

1st
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---- ...... ··--·-··· ...................... . .................... ................. . . ....... ..
_

�Key to Grading System
A
B
C
D
*E
F
;;i

95-100
88-94
81-87
75-80
65-74
Below

Outstanding
High Average
Average
Low Average
Condition
65 Failure

Key for Habits and Attitudes
If not Satisfactory
I Improvable
U Unsatisfactory

A grade of ~ must be raised to a passing grade by the end of
se~ester e&gt;r grade becomes F.
\

The development of proper habits and attitudes is an essential
part of the student's education and for worthwhile citizenship.
To get _t_h ~ best results, your co-operation is earnestly requested.

COMMENTS

Th.~

. ~......~. .~. .~

•·· ~ ·····~

····-················-·······

�REPORT CARD

HARRISONBURG PUBLIC SCHOOLS HARRIS ONBURG, VIRGI IA

Pupil ............S.m5..t~.,... M.~Y............................. Home Roo111 ~ o. ···········

Subject ........E~gl...:t~A.......................................... School Year

I

.

~

First
Semester
Second
Semester

1st

p-;

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HABITS AND ATTITUDES

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Dependability i·Initiative
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PARENTS SI
TURE

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.

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.: :i :~::::·· - - -. . . . . ~:::: : : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

3rd

--

......

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•

-·.. .

______ ...................................... .

~ - OT..................................
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5th ....
6th

............... ..... ... .... .........

. .. ·---. -................ . ---------------·-------·---··

---------·--

�Key to Grading System
A 95-100 Outstanding
B 88-94 High Average
C 81-87 Average
D 75-80 Low Average
*E 65-74 Condition
F Below 65 Failure
41

Key for Habits and Attitudes
If not Satisfactory
I Improvable
U Unsatisfactory

A grade of E must be raised to a passing grade by the end of
semester or grade becomes F.

The development of proper habits and attitudes is an essential
part of the student's education and for worthwhile citizenship.
To get ·the best results, your co-operation is earnestly requested.

COMMENTS

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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36810">
                <text>Mary Ann Smith's 1964-63 Report Card</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36811">
                <text>Mary Awkard Fairfax</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="36812">
                <text>Family</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="36813">
                <text>Lucy F. Simms School</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="36814">
                <text>Students</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36815">
                <text>Mary Ann Smith's 1963-64 report card</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="83">
            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36816">
                <text>Harrisonburg (Va.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36817">
                <text>Lucy F. Simms School</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36818">
                <text>Mary Ann Smith-Tucker</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36819">
                <text>James Madison University Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36820">
                <text>1963-1964</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36821">
                <text>Megan N. Medeiros (digitizer &amp; annotator)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36822">
                <text>records (documents)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36823">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;CC By-NC 4.0&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36824">
                <text>MAF0491</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="526">
        <name>Family</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="126">
        <name>Lucy F. Simms School</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="167">
        <name>Mary Awkard Fairfax</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="530">
        <name>Students</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
