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                <text>Student on Phone</text>
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                <text>1979</text>
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                <text>Technology has greatly influenced our daily lives, and technology has likewise been incorporated into dormitories. This image from a residential living brochure shows a student conversing on a rotary phone in her own dorm room. Previously, students had to travel to the public hall phones, or one located in Alumnae Hall, to receive phone calls. The rules stated that they were limited to three or five minute conversations and calls had to be received before 11:00 p.m. Today, many colleges are removing landline phones all together in dormitory rooms. Their minimal use by students today, who communicate on personal cell phones or on their computers, does not justify their cost. Still, while technology changes the rules and the use of space in living areas, stuffed animals are a consistent presence. [Information from “Listen Freshman,” Booklet, ca. 1960s; and Constitution and By-Laws of the Student Association, State Normal School, Alice Virginia Kellam Scrapbook, 1923-1925, SC#5004.]</text>
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                <text>James Madison University, residence hall, students, technology</text>
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                <text>Spotswood Hall Residents</text>
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                <text>Girls sit and chat in a Spotswood dorm room. Plants decorate the windowsill and what appears to be a fishbowl sits on top of a bookshelf on the left. All the girls sport curled and coiffed hairdos. A doll and a leather or wooden box sit on the top shelf of the right bookshelf and a sewing kit is on the bottom shelf. Many students were expected to repair their own clothes, especially if this picture was taken during wartime when cloth was rationed. 
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                <text>Madison College, students, residence hall, Spotswood Hall</text>
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                <text>Once more, a stuffed animal resides on the bed of one of these girls, who are reading and discussing in the background. A large doily, often referred to as a dresser scarf, covers the dresser on the right. Freshmen were advised to bring these for their own rooms, listed with other recommended things like a reading lamp and small rugs (also pictured), as they would find them “convenient.” [Quote from “Listen Freshman,” Booklet, ca. 1960s.]</text>
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                <text>Posters and Pop Culture</text>
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                <text>ca. 1980s</text>
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                <text>A student, Jean Addison, lounges on her bed surrounded by posters on her wall.  Fewer framed personal pictures and more posters of popular culture icons were a marked difference from earlier photographs of school dormitory rooms. However, the ubiquitous stuffed animal remains. No longer worrying about hanging things from the ceiling molding, these posters are attached with tape--which would have violated earlier rules, but allows for flat things like posters to be used for decoration.</text>
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                <text>These girls are relaxing in their decorated dorm room. Six pennants cover the walls, and appear to be breaking the rules by either being pinned or taped up. Stuffed animals claim space on the low dormitory beds and framed pictures cover their desk and bookshelf. A single radio rests on the corner of the desk.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This photo is of a male student sleeping; the table adjacent to him is covered in snack bags (such as cookies), bottles and cans of Miller beer, Kool cigarettes, and what appears to be a ceramic water pipe. Currently, while alcohol is allowed in dormitory rooms of those above the age of 21, smoking is not allowed regardless of age.</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>James Madison University, residence hall, students, alcohol, cigarettes</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>JMU Historic Photographs</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>James Madison University Libraries and Educational Technologies</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>For information on publishing or citation of an item in a non-educational, fair use context, please contact Special Collections.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>JMU Photographic Services</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Girl in Dorm Room</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>ca. 1940s-1950s</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This smiling student is either packing or unpacking her overnight case on her bed. Her roommate’s bed is covered in a fringed chenille bedspread, which were very popular. Visible in the background is a radio, which freshmen were advised to bring to campus. However, they were also told that they “only need[ed] one radio to a room.” While not a set rule, this was a guideline freshmen were told before even arriving on campus. This helped shape how space in dorm rooms was allotted; since there were normally at least two students to a room, the area and entertainment must be shared; space was a precious commodity. [Quote from “Listen Freshman,” Booklet, ca. 1960s.]</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Madison College, residence hall, students</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>JMU Historic Photographs</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>James Madison University Libraries and Educational Technologies</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="695">
                <text>For information on publishing or citation of an item in a non-educational, fair use context, please contact Special Collections.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>JMU Photographic Services</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Ashby and Jackson</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>ca. 1911-1917</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Early photograph of Ashby and Jackson Halls, “Dormitory No. 2,” and “Dormitory No. 1,” respectively. Ashby remains a dormitory today, and was built in response to growing enrollment numbers.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The State Normal and Industrial School for Women, State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg, residence hall, Jackson Hall, Ashby Hall, Dormitory No. 2, Dormitory No. 1</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="704">
                <text>JMU Historic Photographs</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>James Madison University Libraries and Educational Technologies</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="706">
                <text>For information on publishing or citation of an item in a non-educational, fair use context, please contact Special Collections.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="710">
                <text>JMU Photographic Services</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Greek Row</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>ca. 1982</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Fraternities and sororities got their own space in the late 1970s with the construction of Greek Row by Newman Lake. Originally housing both sororities and fraternities, currently sororities are the only Greek organizations housed on campus. The area was expanded in 1987, when two more buildings were added, and several of the houses have since been converted into the Treehouse residence halls. The initial building timeline for Greek Row coincided with the school decision to allow kegs in dorms (which was later repealed). </text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>James Madison University, residence hall, student organizations, fraternities, sororities, Greek Row, Newman Lake</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>JMU Historic Photographs</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>James Madison University Libraries and Educational Technologies</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="717">
                <text>For information on publishing or citation of an item in a non-educational, fair use context, please contact Special Collections.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Harrisonburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The M &amp; S Restaurant</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1962</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="724">
                <text>The M &amp; S Restaurant, once located at 172 North Main Street in Harrisonburg, was one of the many black-owned businesses in the city’s downtown. This building along, with many others in the 1960s, was destroyed during the R4 and R16 Projects. The controversy over those urban redevelopment projects still lingers today.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Harrisonburg, M &amp; S Restaurant, Main Street, African Americans, R4, R16, urban redevelopment</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="726">
                <text>Urban Renewal Collection, SC#5065</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>James Madison University Libraries and Educational Technologies</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="728">
                <text>For information on publishing or citation of an item in a non-educational, fair use context, please contact Special Collections.</text>
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